A method for determining carbon emissions of an energy storage system

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of carbon emissions determination methods of energy storage system, belong to energy storage management technical field.It includes: obtaining energy storage regulating parameters including energy storage load power, released power space and alternative power output;According to the load absorption constraint between energy storage load power and grid new energy consumption limited power, determine the direct consumption of new energy power and account the first carbon emission reduction;According to the space replacement constraint between the released power space and the limited power, determine the indirect consumption of new energy power and account the second carbon emission reduction;Based on the third carbon emission reduction of alternative power output, the third carbon emission reduction of conventional power direct carbon emission is accounted;The total carbon emission reduction is determined by summarizing the three. The application subdivides three scenarios of direct consumption, indirect space replacement and alternative output, introduces dynamic constraint to realize accurate quantification of emission reduction based on real-time consumption boundary of power grid, solves the problem of static accounting distortion and missing calculation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage management technology, and in particular to a method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] Under environmental protection requirements, the problem of hindered new energy consumption is becoming increasingly prominent. Energy storage, with its multiple mechanisms such as charging absorption, space release, and discharge substitution, has become key to improving new energy consumption and emission reduction. However, existing carbon emission reduction accounting for energy storage mostly adopts static estimation based on the grid average emission factor, failing to quantify emission reduction based on the dynamic coupling constraints of energy storage regulation and grid operation status. This results in seriously distorted accounting results that cannot reflect the true emission reduction contribution of energy storage.

[0003] Specifically, carbon emission reduction from energy storage arises from three mechanisms: direct absorption, indirect space replacement, and substitution of conventional power output. The actual emission reduction is limited by the grid's real-time constraints on renewable energy absorption and the output status of conventional power sources. Existing methods neither differentiate these multi-scenario emission reduction mechanisms nor quantify key parameters such as the power space released by energy storage. They also ignore the dynamic constraints between energy storage regulation parameters and power absorption constraints, leading to a frequent underestimation of the indirect emission reduction benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system, which at least solves the problem that the existing technology does not take into account the dynamic constraints of energy storage regulation and grid absorption, resulting in inaccurate calculation of carbon emission reduction of energy storage systems.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system, the method comprising: Obtain energy storage regulation parameters, which include energy storage load power, energy storage release power space, and energy storage replacement power output; Based on the load absorption constraint between the energy storage load power and the grid's renewable energy absorption capacity, determine the renewable energy power directly absorbed by energy storage, and calculate the first carbon emission reduction by energy storage directly improving renewable energy absorption. Based on the spatial substitution constraint between the power space released by the energy storage and the power consumption limitation of the new energy in the power grid, the amount of new energy power indirectly consumed by the energy storage is determined, and the second carbon emission reduction of the energy storage indirectly improves the consumption of new energy is calculated. Based on the power output of the energy storage alternative, the third carbon emission reduction is calculated to reduce the direct carbon emissions of conventional power sources. Based on the sum of the first carbon emission reduction, the second carbon emission reduction, and the third carbon emission reduction, the total carbon emission reduction of the energy storage system is determined.

[0006] The aforementioned technical solution subdivides the energy storage operation mechanism into three independent scenarios: direct consumption, indirect space replacement, and replacement of conventional power output. It also specifically introduces load absorption constraints and space replacement constraints, achieving refined and dynamic carbon emission reduction accounting. Specifically, in the direct consumption scenario, the constraint relationship between the energy storage load power and the grid's limited renewable energy consumption power restricts the actual amount of abandoned power that the energy storage can absorb, avoiding exaggerated calculations that deviate from the actual power abandonment situation of the grid. In the indirect space replacement scenario, by quantifying the power space released by energy storage and establishing constraints between it and the limited power consumption, it not only fills the gap in existing technologies that cannot calculate indirect emission reduction benefits but also ensures the rationality of the replaced power volume, preventing the mismatch between the space release amount and the actual absorbable amount. In the replacement power output scenario, emission reductions are directly calculated based on the replaced conventional power output. Ultimately, by combining the three, this solution clarifies the emission reduction paths of different energy storage actions from a physical mechanism perspective. It effectively integrates the dynamic boundary constraints of the grid's real-time absorption capacity into the power calculation process, overcoming the defects of traditional static accounting methods such as mechanism confusion, parameter omissions, and result distortion. This makes the accounting results more consistent with the actual operating conditions of the grid and objectively and truthfully reflects the overall carbon emission reduction contribution of the energy storage system project to the power system.

[0007] Secondly, this application provides a carbon emission determination system for an energy storage system, the system comprising: The data acquisition module is used to acquire energy storage regulation parameters, including energy storage load power, energy storage release power space, and energy storage replacement power output. The first accounting module is used to determine the amount of new energy electricity directly consumed by energy storage based on the load absorption constraint between the energy storage load power and the power of new energy in the power grid, and to calculate the first carbon emission reduction amount of energy storage directly improving the consumption of new energy. The second accounting module is used to determine the amount of new energy electricity indirectly absorbed by the energy storage based on the spatial substitution constraint between the power space released by the energy storage and the power consumption limitation of the new energy in the power grid, and to calculate the second carbon emission reduction of the energy storage indirectly improving the consumption of new energy. The third accounting module is used to calculate the third carbon emission reduction based on the power output of the energy storage alternative, thereby reducing the direct carbon emissions of conventional power sources. The aggregation and determination module is used to determine the total carbon emission reduction of the energy storage system based on the aggregation of the first carbon emission reduction, the second carbon emission reduction, and the third carbon emission reduction.

[0008] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device comprising one or more processors and one or more memories, wherein at least one piece of program code is stored in the one or more memories, the program code being loaded and executed by the one or more processors to implement the operations performed by the carbon emission determination method of the energy storage system.

[0009] Fourthly, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing at least one piece of program code, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the operations performed by the carbon emission determination method of the energy storage system.

[0010] Fifthly, this application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for determining the carbon emissions of any of the above-described energy storage systems. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0012] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0013] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 ; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 ; Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system provided in this application embodiment. Figure 3 ; Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system provided in this application embodiment. Figure 4 ; Figure 5 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system provided in this application embodiment. Figure 5 ; Figure 6 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system provided in this application embodiment. Figure 6 ; Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating a method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system provided in this application embodiment. Figure 7 ; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a carbon emission determination system for an energy storage system provided in this application embodiment; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0015] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. The terms "first," "second," etc., in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0016] In related technologies, with the deepening of environmental protection goals, the installed capacity of new energy sources, represented by wind power and photovoltaics, has grown rapidly. However, new energy power generation has significant randomness, volatility, and intermittency, leading to severe wind and solar curtailment in the power grid during certain periods, i.e., limited new energy absorption. Power stations using energy storage systems, i.e., energy storage power stations, serve as a key regulation means in building new power systems. They possess rapid response and bidirectional regulation capabilities, playing an important role in promoting the absorption of new energy and replacing conventional fossil fuel power sources, and their carbon emission reduction benefits are becoming increasingly prominent.

[0017] Currently, carbon emission reduction accounting methods for power systems are mostly focused on regional power grid statistics at the macro level, or on direct accounting for new energy power plants. For carbon emission reduction accounting for projects using energy storage systems, existing technologies typically use a static estimation method based on the regional power grid average emission factor, which simply multiplies the charging and discharging capacity or peak-shaving capacity of the power plant using the energy storage system by a fixed emission factor to calculate the emission reduction.

[0018] However, existing accounting methods have the following shortcomings: First, the existing methods fail to differentiate the emission reduction mechanisms of power plants using energy storage systems, resulting in a single accounting scenario. Power plants using energy storage systems generate emission reduction benefits through multiple mechanisms in actual operation, including: directly absorbing restricted renewable energy during charging (direct consumption); providing backup capacity to free up conventional power generation space, thereby indirectly promoting renewable energy consumption (space replacement); and directly replacing high-carbon-emission conventional power output during discharging. Current methods fail to distinguish between these three distinct emission reduction scenarios, leading to a lack of physical mechanism support in the accounting results. Second, it fails to reflect the dynamic coupling characteristics of the power grid's operation. The carbon emission reduction of power plants using energy storage systems depends not only on their own output but also on the real-time "limited power consumption of new energy sources" and "proportion of conventional power output" of the power grid. Using static, average emission factors for calculation ignores the dynamic correlation between energy storage system regulation and the power grid's operating status, making it difficult to accurately reflect the true emission reduction contribution of energy storage systems under different time periods and operating conditions. Third, key emission reduction parameters lack quantification methods. In particular, the process by which energy storage systems indirectly absorb new energy sources by providing backup capacity to "release power space" lacks precise quantification methods for the size of this power space, leading to the indirect emission reduction benefits of energy storage systems often being overlooked or underestimated.

[0019] To address the aforementioned technical challenges, this application proposes a carbon emission reduction accounting method for energy storage systems. This method subdivides the operation of energy storage systems into three independent scenarios: direct absorption, indirect space replacement, and alternative power output. It quantifies the power space released by the energy storage system and introduces load absorption constraints between the load power of the energy storage system and the power limited by renewable energy absorption, as well as space replacement constraints between the released power space and the power limited by absorption. This enables dynamic coupled accounting of carbon emission reduction for energy storage systems across multiple scenarios based on the real-time absorption boundary of the power grid, thereby accurately and objectively assessing the true carbon emission reduction benefits of the energy storage system.

[0020] The application scenarios of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are described below.

[0021] This application is mainly applied to the operation and planning scenarios of new power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy integration, specifically including the following typical application scenarios: 1. Direct consumption scenario where renewable energy generation is high at midday and grid absorption is hindered. In the operation of the new power system, photovoltaic output reaches its peak at midday, while the net load of the power system is at its lowest point throughout the day. At this time, conventional thermal power units in the grid have already been reduced to their minimum technical output and cannot be further reduced, leading to an oversupply of renewable energy generation and the risk of wind and solar curtailment. In this scenario, power plants using energy storage systems operate in charging mode, directly absorbing the restricted renewable energy power as a load. The technical solution of this application can be used to dynamically calculate the direct carbon emission reduction under the constraints of the energy storage system's charging power and the real-time curtailment power of the grid, and to evaluate the emission reduction benefits of the energy storage system's "peak shaving and valley filling" function.

[0022] 2. Space replacement scenarios for energy storage systems to replace conventional thermal power reserve capacity Under the reliability requirements of the power system, in order to cope with the sharp rise in net load in the evening, the system needs to arrange a large number of thermal power units as backups and operate them on the grid for a long time to maintain minimum output. This squeezes the already limited space for renewable energy consumption. Power plants with large-scale energy storage systems can replace some conventional thermal power to provide backup capacity, allowing thermal power units to be shut down or reducing the number of units that must be in operation, thereby freeing up power generation space for renewable energy. The technical solution of this application can be used to quantify the constraint relationship between the power space released by energy storage systems and the limited power of renewable energy, calculate the carbon emission reduction of energy storage systems indirectly promoting renewable energy consumption, and solve the problem that existing technologies cannot assess the indirect emission reduction benefits.

[0023] 3. Alternative output scenarios during evening peak net load In the evening, photovoltaic output rapidly declines to zero, while electricity load enters its evening peak, resulting in a sharp increase in net load. Power plants utilizing energy storage systems operate in discharge mode, generating electricity at peak times, directly replacing the electricity that would otherwise be provided by high-carbon-emission coal-fired or gas-fired units. The technical solution in this application can accurately calculate the emission reductions from direct carbon emissions from conventional power sources based on the output of the conventional power source replaced by the energy storage system and the emission intensity of thermal power.

[0024] 4. Carbon emission reduction benefit assessment and carbon trading / planning decision-making scenarios for projects applying energy storage systems. The application scenarios and policy environments for energy storage systems differ significantly at different stages: the accelerated transformation period, the overall formation period, and the consolidation and improvement period. Furthermore, the power structure, peak-shaving pressure, and baseline emission factors of power grids vary across different regions. The dynamic accounting model proposed in this application can be applied to power grid dispatching agencies, energy storage system investors, or environmental regulatory departments. It provides a computational tool for scientifically assessing the actual carbon reduction contribution of energy storage systems under specific regions and operating strategies, thereby providing underlying data support for differentiated planning of projects applying energy storage systems, carbon emission reduction subsidy disbursement, carbon market trading, and ancillary service market pricing.

[0025] After introducing the implementation environment and application scenarios of the embodiments of this application, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are described below. (See also...) Figure 1The method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system specifically includes the following steps.

[0026] Step S101: Obtain energy storage regulation parameters.

[0027] Among them, energy storage regulation parameters refer to adjustable variables that can affect the power system operating status and energy flow of the power grid during the operation of the energy storage system. In this application, energy storage regulation parameters include at least one of the following: energy storage load power: that is, the power when the energy storage system is charging; power space released by energy storage: that is, the power generation capacity quota freed up by the energy storage system to reduce or shut down some conventional power sources (such as thermal power units) in the power grid by providing reserve capacity or peak-shaving auxiliary services, thereby freeing up the power generation capacity quota for new energy grid connection; power output replaced by energy storage: that is, the power generation output of conventional power sources replaced by the energy storage system when discharging.

[0028] Specifically, in new power systems, due to the mismatch between a high proportion of intermittent renewable energy and traditional rigid loads, the net load of the power system exhibits a characteristic of low loads at midday and a sharp rise in the evening. Energy storage systems play a regulating role under various operating conditions, and electronic equipment needs to acquire corresponding energy storage regulation parameters: Under charging conditions, such as when the power generation of new energy sources is at a high level at noon and the conventional power generation units of the grid have been reduced to their minimum output, the energy storage system operates in charging conditions. At this time, the energy storage load power is obtained, which is the charging power of the energy storage system at time t.

[0029] In standby capacity replacement mode, in order to meet the system reliability backup requirements, large-scale energy storage systems can replace conventional thermal power units to provide backup capacity, so that thermal power units that originally had to maintain minimum output grid connection are shut down or reduced in power generation. At this time, the power space released by the energy storage system is obtained, that is, the energy storage system undertakes the thermal power that the power system can replace as a backup.

[0030] Under the discharge substitution condition, during the peak load period in the evening, the energy storage system discharges to replace part of the thermal power output, and at this time the power output of the energy storage substitution is obtained.

[0031] Step S102: Based on the load absorption constraint between the energy storage load power and the grid's renewable energy absorption capacity, determine the renewable energy power directly absorbed by energy storage, and calculate the first carbon emission reduction amount that energy storage directly increases renewable energy absorption.

[0032] The renewable energy consumption-limited power refers to the renewable energy power that, in the actual operation of the power grid, cannot be fully absorbed by the grid due to reasons such as transmission channel congestion, insufficient system peak-shaving capacity, and insufficient downspin-off reserves, thus facing the risk of wind and solar power curtailment. This serves as a key dynamic boundary parameter for assessing the potential for energy storage to improve renewable energy consumption. Load absorption constraints refer to the physical relationship between the charging behavior of energy storage stations and the grid's renewable energy consumption-limited situation. Specifically, the load power absorbed by energy storage stations directly from renewable energy sources is limited by the actual renewable energy consumption-limited power of the grid at the current moment. That is, the actual amount of electricity and power that the energy storage system can absorb cannot exceed the real-time upper limit of the grid's curtailed electricity and power, thereby avoiding overestimation of emission reductions.

[0033] During periods of high renewable energy generation, the power grid experiences renewable energy curtailment due to overcapacity, resulting in limited absorption of renewable energy. When energy storage stations directly charge loads, the actual amount of electricity absorbed is constrained by load absorption: if the energy storage load power is less than the renewable energy curtailment power, the absorbed electricity is calculated based on the energy storage load power; if the renewable energy curtailment power is less than the energy storage load power, the absorbed electricity is calculated based on the limited curtailment power. Based on this constraint, the energy storage load power is integrated with the charging operation time to determine the renewable energy directly absorbed by the energy storage. When calculating the first carbon emission reduction, referring to the renewable energy grid-connected generation methodology, the directly absorbed renewable energy is multiplied by the regional power grid's baseline emission factor. This baseline emission factor is derived from the weighted average of the regional power grid's marginal emission factor (OM) and marginal emission factor (BM), and is used to characterize the reduction of carbon emissions from existing and newly added thermal power units. This is used to calculate the first carbon emission reduction achieved by energy storage directly increasing renewable energy absorption.

[0034] Step S103: Based on the spatial substitution constraint between the power space released by energy storage and the power consumption limitation of new energy in the power grid, determine the new energy power indirectly consumed by energy storage, and calculate the second carbon emission reduction of energy storage in indirectly improving the consumption of new energy.

[0035] The space substitution constraint refers to the relationship between the power generation space released by the energy storage system and the power grid's limited absorption capacity of new energy sources. In other words, the actual amount of new energy power that the energy storage indirectly frees up for new energy sources can absorb is also limited by the grid's power grid's limited absorption capacity of new energy sources at that moment. If the grid's new energy sources themselves are not limited, the released power generation space cannot generate actual indirect emission reduction benefits.

[0036] When energy storage replaces conventional thermal power to provide backup capacity, it frees up occupied power supply space. However, the power indirectly promoting the consumption of renewable energy is also limited by the real-time curtailment of the grid, i.e., there is a space substitution constraint: the power of renewable energy indirectly consumed by energy storage is equal to the power generation capacity that energy storage can replace from thermal power, i.e., the smaller of the freed-up power supply space and the curtailed power of renewable energy. Based on this constraint, the power of indirectly consumed renewable energy is integrated over the entire day excluding discharge periods to determine the amount of renewable energy indirectly consumed by energy storage. Subsequently, this indirectly consumed amount is multiplied by the regional grid baseline emission factor to calculate the second carbon emission reduction by which energy storage indirectly improves the consumption of renewable energy by freeing up power supply space.

[0037] Step S104: Based on the power output of energy storage alternatives, calculate the third carbon emission reduction to reduce the direct carbon emissions of conventional power sources.

[0038] While serving as system backup, energy storage power stations not only indirectly promote the consumption of new energy sources by freeing up space, but also directly reduce the carbon emissions generated by standby thermal power units operating at minimum output. Electronic equipment is based on the power output replaced by energy storage, i.e., the replaced thermal power generation, combined with the unit product greenhouse gas emission intensity of coal-fired power units. For example, the greenhouse gas emission intensity of 300MW and above wet-cooled and air-cooled coal-fired power units are 0.7456 tCO2e / MWh and 0.7793 tCO2e / MWh, respectively. This directly calculates the carbon emissions from conventional thermal power avoided due to energy storage replacement, i.e., the third carbon emission reduction.

[0039] Step S105: Based on the sum of the first carbon emission reduction, the second carbon emission reduction, and the third carbon emission reduction, determine the total carbon emission reduction of the energy storage system.

[0040] The total carbon emission reduction of the power system is determined by summing up the first carbon emission reduction from energy storage power stations directly absorbing load through charging, the second carbon emission reduction from indirectly replacing renewable energy sources by freeing up power supply space, and the third carbon emission reduction from directly replacing conventional thermal power output. This summary result integrates the carbon emission reduction contributions of energy storage under various operating conditions, including charging absorption, providing backup replacement, and replacing power output, thereby determining the total carbon emission reduction of the power system by projects using energy storage systems.

[0041] This embodiment obtains adjustment parameters such as energy storage load power, released power space, and alternative power output. It introduces load absorption constraints between energy storage load power and renewable energy consumption-limited power, as well as space substitution constraints between released power space and consumption-limited power. It subdivides energy storage operation into three scenarios: direct consumption, indirect space substitution, and alternative power output, and performs dynamic accounting and summarization. This achieves accurate quantification of carbon emission reduction of energy storage based on the real-time grid consumption boundary. This overcomes the accounting distortion and indirect benefit omission problems caused by traditional static estimation that does not distinguish emission reduction mechanisms and is detached from real-time constraints. It accurately and objectively evaluates the real carbon emission reduction benefits of projects using energy storage systems, and provides scientific support for the assessment and differentiated planning of energy storage carbon reduction contribution under the new power system.

[0042] It should be noted that the above steps S101-S105 are a simplified description of the embodiments provided in this application.

[0043] The methods provided in the embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with some examples. See also... Figure 2 The step of determining the amount of renewable energy directly absorbed by energy storage based on the load absorption constraint between the energy storage load power and the grid's renewable energy absorption capacity includes: Step S201: Obtain the power of renewable energy sources that are restricted from being absorbed by the power grid.

[0044] In the operation of new power systems, during peak periods such as midday when renewable energy generation is at its highest, conventional generating units within the grid are often already operating at their minimum technical output, unable to further reduce output to make room for renewable energy, resulting in overcapacity and curtailment of wind and solar power. At this time, the actual renewable energy curtailment power in the grid is the grid-limited renewable energy consumption power required for this step, reflecting the current objective bottleneck in renewable energy consumption within the grid.

[0045] In practical engineering applications, the power consumption-limited power, i.e. the power curtailment of renewable energy, can be obtained in two ways: 1. Direct reading: can be obtained from the power grid dispatching department; 2. Backward calculation: when dispatching data cannot be obtained, it can be obtained by subtracting the actual power generation of renewable energy from the theoretical power generation of renewable energy at time t.

[0046] Step S202: Compare the power of energy storage load with the power of renewable energy in the power grid that is limited in its absorption capacity, and obtain the comparison results.

[0047] When an energy storage power station operates in charging mode, its ability to directly absorb new energy as a power load is limited by two factors: first, the physical charging capacity of the energy storage system itself, i.e., the energy storage load power; and second, the actual amount of abandoned electricity that the power grid can absorb, i.e., the power with limited absorption capacity. To accurately calculate the actual amount of electricity absorbed by the energy storage, these two power values ​​need to be compared to determine the actual absorption boundary.

[0048] Step S203: Based on the comparison results, select the smaller value between the two as the new energy power that can be directly consumed by energy storage under the load absorption constraint.

[0049] This step establishes the logic for determining the load absorption constraint: if the energy storage load power is less than or equal to the power limit, it indicates that the charging demand of the energy storage system is relatively small and has not fully consumed the excess renewable energy. In this case, the direct absorption power is calculated based on the energy storage load power. If the power limit is less than the energy storage load power, it indicates that the actual amount of electricity abandoned by the power grid is insufficient to meet the full-power charging of the energy storage system. In this case, the direct absorption power can only be calculated based on the power limit. By taking the smaller of the two values, it ensures that the calculated absorption power does not deviate from the physical boundary of the real-time operation of the power grid, thus avoiding the overestimation of emission reductions.

[0050] Step S204: Determine the charging operation period when the energy storage system is in a charging state; Energy storage power stations are not in charging mode 24 / 7. It is necessary to determine the actual charging time of the energy storage power station during the day based on the power grid's power system dispatch instructions or typical daily operating curves, such as the charging time from 10:30 am to 2:30 pm on a typical day, in order to clarify the time range for integral calculation.

[0051] Step S205: Based on the charging operation period, perform time integration on the new energy power consumed by the energy storage to obtain the new energy power directly consumed by the energy storage.

[0052] Within a defined charging operation period, the directly absorbed renewable energy power, determined by load absorption constraints, is integrated over time to calculate the grid-connected renewable energy power (MWh) directly absorbed by the energy storage power station during that period. This provides an accurate power data basis for subsequent calculation of the first carbon emission reduction to directly increase renewable energy absorption based on baseline emission factors.

[0053] In one specific implementation, within a defined charging operation period, the directly absorbed renewable energy power, determined by load absorption constraints, is integrated over time using the following formula:

[0054] In the formula, Let t be the charging power (MW) of the energy storage station at time t. Let y be the length of the statistical period. The statistical period is defined as the charging operation period of the energy storage power station. This allows for the accurate calculation of the grid-connected renewable energy power (MWh) directly consumed by the energy storage power station during that period.

[0055] This embodiment obtains the power of renewable energy that is restricted from being absorbed by the power grid, compares it with the power of energy storage load, and takes the smaller value as the direct absorption power. Combined with the technical means of time integration during the charging operation period, it realizes the reasonable quantification of the direct absorption of renewable energy by energy storage. This avoids the false calculation of emission reduction caused by calculating at full power when the energy storage charging capacity is greater than the actual power curtailment of the power grid. This ensures that the calculation process is strictly limited within the physical boundary of real-time absorption by the power grid, and improves the accuracy and objectivity of the calculation of direct carbon emission reduction of energy storage.

[0056] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 The aforementioned energy storage directly increases the first carbon emission reduction from renewable energy consumption, including: Step S301: Determine the combined marginal emission factor based on the regional power grid's marginal emission factor, capacity marginal emission factor, and corresponding weights.

[0057] To accurately reflect the carbon emission substitution effect of renewable energy consumption by energy storage on the power grid, a combined marginal emission factor is introduced as the accounting benchmark. The operating margin (OM) emission factor characterizes the impact of energy storage projects on the real-time operation and dispatch of the power grid, i.e., reducing carbon emissions from existing fossil fuel power plants that are prioritized for dispatch. The build margin (BM) emission factor characterizes the impact of renewable energy consumption on the grid's new generation capacity; a decrease in demand for new generation capacity will postpone or cancel the construction of new coal-fired power plants. A weighted average of the two factors according to their respective weights yields the objective combined marginal emission factor.

[0058] Step S302: Based on the combined marginal emission factor and the directly consumed renewable energy power, determine the baseline scenario emission amount corresponding to the direct consumption.

[0059] Baseline scenario emissions refer to the carbon emissions incurred to meet the same electricity demand under a hypothetical scenario where projects without energy storage systems are not implemented. Referring to renewable energy grid-connected generation methodologies, the additional renewable energy power consumed by energy storage power stations under the baseline scenario must be replaced by existing and newly built grid-connected power plants. Therefore, by multiplying the aforementioned directly consumed renewable energy power by the combined marginal emission factor, the baseline scenario emissions generated by conventional thermal power generation for this portion of electricity can be calculated.

[0060] Step S303: Based on the zero-carbon emission leakage setting, the baseline scenario emission amount is used as the first carbon emission reduction amount for energy storage to directly improve the consumption of new energy.

[0061] According to the project carbon emission accounting standard (ISO14064-2), the emission reduction of a project using an energy storage system equals the baseline scenario emission minus the sum of the project activity scenario emission and leakage emissions. Since the renewable energy directly consumed by energy storage is zero-carbon electricity, its project activity scenario emission is zero. Furthermore, considering that the construction of renewable energy projects will not lead to increased electricity consumption by end users due to declining energy prices, and that emissions during the construction phase of projects using energy storage systems account for a smaller proportion than those during the operation phase, this embodiment does not consider carbon leakage from energy storage power stations, thus assuming no carbon emission leakage. Under the reasonable setting of zero project activity emissions and no leakage, the baseline scenario emission corresponding to direct consumption is the first carbon emission reduction achieved by energy storage in directly increasing renewable energy consumption.

[0062] This embodiment determines the combined marginal emission factor by weighting the marginal emission factor of regional power grid electricity and the marginal emission factor of capacity. It then calculates the baseline scenario emission amount by combining this with the direct consumption of renewable energy electricity. Under the condition of no carbon emission leakage, it uses this as a technical means to reduce emissions. This achieves a reasonable quantification of the carbon emissions of existing and newly added thermal power plants in the power grid that are replaced by renewable energy through energy storage. It eliminates the interference of carbon leakage, thereby ensuring that the first carbon emission reduction calculation not only meets the requirements of international standards and methodologies, but also conforms to the actual characteristics of power grid operation scheduling and capacity construction, thus improving the scientificity and accuracy of the calculation results.

[0063] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 The step of determining the amount of renewable energy indirectly absorbed by energy storage based on the spatial permutation constraint between the power space released by the energy storage and the power consumption-limited power of renewable energy in the power grid includes: Step S401: Obtain the power of renewable energy sources that are restricted from being absorbed by the power grid.

[0064] In new power systems, to ensure system reliability, a certain capacity of thermal power units must be allocated as backup units for long-term grid operation. These units maintain minimum power generation, crowding out renewable energy generation and leading to wind and solar curtailment. The actual renewable energy curtailment power existing in the power grid at this time represents the grid's limited renewable energy absorption capacity, reflecting the upper limit of renewable energy space available for replacement and absorption within the current grid.

[0065] Step S402: Compare the power space released by energy storage with the power that is limited by the grid's renewable energy sources, and determine the comparison result.

[0066] Large-scale energy storage power stations can replace conventional power sources to provide backup capacity for the power system, reducing the need to operate conventional power sources and thus freeing up occupied power capacity. However, whether the power capacity freed up by energy storage can be fully converted into indirect renewable energy consumption depends on the actual amount of curtailed power in the grid. Therefore, it is necessary to compare the power generation capacity that energy storage can replace (i.e., the freed power capacity) with the amount of renewable energy curtailed power (i.e., the amount of curtailed power consumed) to determine the actual indirect consumption boundary.

[0067] Step S403: Based on the comparison results, select the smaller value between the two as the new energy power indirectly consumed by energy storage under the spatial permutation constraint.

[0068] This step establishes the value logic for the "space substitution constraint": if the power space released by the energy storage system is less than the power curtailment limit, it means that even after all the space released by the energy storage system is used to absorb new energy sources, there will still be power curtailment in the grid. In this case, the indirect power curtailment limit is calculated based on the released power space. If the power curtailment limit is less than the released power space, it means that the actual power curtailment in the grid is insufficient, and the space released by the energy storage system cannot be used to absorb more new energy sources. In this case, it is calculated based on the curtailment limit. Taking the smaller of the two values ​​ensures that the calculated indirect power curtailment limit does not deviate from the physical boundary of the real-time operation of the grid, avoiding the false calculation of emission reductions.

[0069] Step S404: Determine the non-discharge period when the energy storage system is in a non-discharge state.

[0070] During peak load periods, thermal power units typically operate at full capacity, while energy storage power stations are in a discharging state. At this time, energy storage cannot replace the reserve capacity of thermal power units. The role of energy storage in providing reserve capacity and freeing up power supply space primarily occurs during the non-discharging periods throughout the day, excluding peak discharge periods. Therefore, it is necessary to define the time range during which energy storage is in a non-discharging state as the integral interval for calculating indirectly consumed electricity.

[0071] Step S405: Based on the non-discharge period, perform time integration on the indirectly consumed renewable energy power to obtain the renewable energy power indirectly consumed by energy storage.

[0072] During the defined non-discharge period, the indirect renewable energy power consumed by the energy storage power station during the period can be accurately calculated by integrating the time with respect to the power consumption determined by the space substitution constraint. This provides an accurate power data basis for the subsequent calculation of the second carbon emission reduction of the energy storage power station indirectly consuming renewable energy by releasing power space.

[0073] In one specific implementation, the energy storage power station serves as a system backup to promote the consumption of renewable energy. This power is defined as the smaller of the power generation that the energy storage can replace from thermal power generation throughout the day, excluding discharge periods, and the power curtailment of renewable energy. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0074] In the formula: To serve as a backup function for energy storage power stations and to absorb renewable energy power (MW); The power generation capacity (MW) that a storage power station can replace for thermal power. Power curtailment for renewable energy (MW) This refers to the discharge period of the energy storage power station within the day. The newly added renewable energy grid-connected power consumption is the integral of this power over time.

[0075] This embodiment obtains the power constrained by the grid's renewable energy consumption, compares it with the power space released by energy storage, and takes the smaller value as the indirect consumption power under the space substitution constraint. Combined with the technique of time integration during the non-discharge period of energy storage, it realizes the reasonable quantification of the indirect consumption of renewable energy by energy storage through providing backup capacity by replacing conventional power sources. This avoids the problem of falsely calculating emission reductions when the power space released by energy storage is greater than the actual power curtailment of the grid, which leads to full calculation of the released space. It ensures that the calculation process is limited to the physical boundary of real-time grid consumption, and improves the accuracy and objectivity of the second carbon emission reduction calculation of energy storage indirectly improving renewable energy consumption.

[0076] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 The calculation of the second carbon emission reduction indirectly increasing the consumption of new energy through energy storage includes: Step S501: Determine the baseline emission factor for the power grid.

[0077] The baseline emission factor characterizes the marginal emission intensity of the power grid when projects without energy storage systems are not utilized. Specifically, referencing renewable energy grid-connected generation methodologies, this baseline emission factor is derived by a weighted average of the regional power grid's marginal emission factor (OM) and marginal emission factor (BM). The marginal emission factor (OM) reflects the carbon emissions generated by reducing the power generation from existing fossil fuel power plants that are prioritized for dispatch in the grid, while the marginal emission factor (BM) reflects the carbon emission impact of postponing or canceling new power plant construction plans. The weighted average of these two factors characterizes the marginal emission intensity generated by the power consumed by projects without energy storage systems from conventional power sources in the grid.

[0078] In one specific implementation method, the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0079] In the formula, The marginal emission factor of electricity in the regional power grid represents the impact of projects using energy storage systems on the operation and dispatch of the power grid, i.e., reducing the power generation of those power plants that are prioritized for dispatch in the power grid, which is usually the carbon emissions caused by the corresponding electricity production of existing fossil fuel power plants. The capacity marginal emission factor of the regional power grid represents the impact of renewable energy consumption on the new generation capacity of the grid, i.e., the postponement, alteration, or cancellation of the construction plans for certain new power plants. and These are the weights of the marginal emission factor for electricity and the marginal emission factor for capacity, respectively. .

[0080] Step S502: Obtain the renewable energy power indirectly consumed by energy storage.

[0081] In other words, the newly added renewable energy grid-connected power consumption is calculated under the constraints of space substitution and non-discharge periods, where energy storage releases power space by replacing the reserve capacity of conventional thermal power in the aforementioned embodiments.

[0082] Step S503: Determine the product of the indirectly consumed renewable energy power and the baseline emission factor.

[0083] By multiplying the indirectly absorbed renewable energy power by the combined marginal baseline emission factor, the carbon emissions generated if this additional absorbed power were replaced by existing grid-connected power plants and newly built grid-connected power plants under the baseline scenario are calculated.

[0084] Step S504: Based on the product, determine the amount of carbon emissions from the power grid that are replaced by energy storage in the indirect absorption of new energy sources.

[0085] This product represents the baseline scenario emissions corresponding to the indirect promotion of new energy consumption by energy storage, and it represents the amount of carbon emissions from conventional thermal power generation avoided by the grid due to the increased consumption of new energy by the power space released by energy storage.

[0086] Step S505: Use the carbon emissions from the replaced power grid as a second carbon emission reduction to indirectly enhance the consumption of new energy sources through energy storage.

[0087] Based on the assumption of zero carbon emission leakage, projects using energy storage systems have low emissions during the construction phase and do not affect end-user electricity consumption. Furthermore, the indirectly absorbed renewable energy is itself zero-carbon electricity. Therefore, the emissions of this scenario are zero. Thus, the baseline scenario emissions, i.e., the amount of carbon emissions replaced by the grid, represent the second carbon emission reduction indirectly achieved by energy storage in enhancing renewable energy absorption.

[0088] This embodiment determines a baseline emission factor reflecting the marginal emission intensity of the power grid, multiplies it by the amount of renewable energy indirectly absorbed by energy storage to calculate the amount of carbon emissions that the power grid can replace, and uses this as a technical means of emission reduction under the condition of no carbon emission leakage. This achieves a reasonable quantification of the existing and new thermal power carbon emissions of the power grid avoided by energy storage indirectly absorbing renewable energy by replacing reserve capacity. It ensures that the accounting logic complies with the carbon emission accounting standards and methodological requirements, removes the real carbon reduction contribution in the indirect absorption scenario, and improves the scientificity and accuracy of the second carbon emission reduction accounting.

[0089] In some embodiments, see Figure 6 Based on the power output of the energy storage alternative, the third carbon emission reduction, which reduces direct carbon emissions from conventional power sources, is calculated, including: Step S601: Obtain the greenhouse gas emission intensity of conventional power sources and the operating period when energy storage replaces conventional power output.

[0090] The greenhouse gas emission intensity of conventional power sources refers to the greenhouse gas emission intensity per unit product of coal-fired power generation projects. For example, the greenhouse gas emission intensity of 300MW and above wet-cooled and air-cooled coal-fired power generation units are 0.7456 tCO2e / MWh and 0.7793 tCO2e / MWh, respectively. The operating period for energy storage to replace conventional power generation refers to the time period during which the energy storage power station assumes the system backup function, allowing conventional thermal power units to operate at minimum output. This is typically the entire day after the safety-constrained unit combination is determined. Referring to the technical guidelines issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, the greenhouse gas emission intensity of 300MW and above wet-cooled and air-cooled coal-fired power generation units are 0.7456 tCO2e / MWh and 0.7793 tCO2e / MWh, respectively.

[0091] Step S602: Based on the operating period, perform time integration on the power output of the energy storage substitution to obtain the substitution power generation.

[0092] In power plants without energy storage systems, conventional thermal power units must operate as standby units for extended periods, maintaining minimum technical output during low load periods to meet reliability requirements. This minimum output is the power output substituted by energy storage. Assuming thermal power units operate at full load during peak load periods and at minimum output during other periods, the substituted power output can be obtained by integrating the substituted output over the operating period.

[0093] Step S603: Obtain the product of alternative power generation and greenhouse gas emission intensity.

[0094] The direct carbon emissions would be calculated if these electricity were generated by conventional thermal power units operating at minimum capacity, by multiplying the amount of electricity generated by the replacement power generation by the greenhouse gas emission intensity of the replaced conventional power source.

[0095] Step S604: Based on the product, determine the third carbon emission reduction to reduce direct carbon emissions from conventional power sources.

[0096] Because power plants utilizing energy storage systems provide backup capacity, these conventional thermal power units no longer need to be connected to the grid to maintain minimum output, thus directly eliminating carbon emissions from this portion of thermal power production. Therefore, the product above represents the third carbon emission reduction achieved by energy storage fulfilling the backup function of the system and reducing direct carbon emissions from backup thermal power units.

[0097] This embodiment achieves accurate quantification of the direct carbon emissions avoided by replacing conventional thermal power with energy storage by obtaining the greenhouse gas emission intensity of conventional power sources and the operating time of energy storage substitution output, performing time integration on the substitution power output to obtain the substitution power generation, and calculating its product with the greenhouse gas emission intensity. This overcomes the problem in traditional accounting that easily overlooks the emission reduction path of energy storage providing backup capacity to directly reduce thermal power output, thus comprehensively and objectively evaluating the direct carbon reduction contribution of projects using energy storage systems to the power system.

[0098] In some embodiments, see Figure 7 The steps for obtaining the power space released from the energy storage include: Step S701: Obtain the backup capacity that needs to be provided by energy storage.

[0099] The reserve capacity is the smaller of the spinning reserve capacity of the energy storage power station and the reserve capacity deficit of the regional power grid. In new power systems, to meet reliability requirements, the regional power grid needs to maintain a certain reserve capacity threshold. This threshold is a rigid constraint parameter for the safe and stable operation of the power system, and its value is specified by the power grid dispatching operation regulations and national standards ("Guidelines for the Safety and Stability of Power Systems"). When the reserve capacity of other backup power sources in the region is insufficient to meet this threshold, a reserve capacity deficit occurs. The regional power grid reserve capacity deficit is equal to the difference between the regional power grid's reserve capacity threshold and the reserve capacity of other backup power sources within the regional power grid. Energy storage power stations can provide spinning reserves, but the actual reserve capacity called upon is limited by the smaller of the actual deficit demand of the power grid and the capacity provided by the energy storage power station itself. Taking the smaller value ensures the rationality of reserve capacity acquisition and avoids overestimating the backup substitution role of energy storage.

[0100] Step S702: Determine the number of conventional thermal power units to be replaced by energy storage based on the reserve capacity and the maximum capacity of a single conventional thermal power unit.

[0101] Since thermal power units typically operate at full capacity during peak load periods, the number of thermal power units that an energy storage power station can replace as backup power should equal the backup capacity required by the energy storage power station, i.e., the ratio of backup power output to the maximum capacity of a single conventional thermal power unit, rounded down. This allows for an accurate calculation of how many entire conventional thermal power units the energy storage power station replaces as backup power. Furthermore, the thermal power units to be replaced are ranked from highest to lowest marginal generation cost, with the N units having the highest marginal cost being prioritized as the target units for energy storage replacement. This is because the thermal power units with the highest marginal cost are usually older units with the lowest operating efficiency and the highest carbon emission intensity per unit, and this aligns with the economic principle of "marginal cost clearing" in the electricity market.

[0102] Step S703: Based on the number of conventional thermal power units to be replaced, the capacity of each unit, and the minimum technical output ratio of conventional thermal power, determine the conventional power output space of the energy storage release during non-discharge periods.

[0103] Without energy storage power stations, the conventional thermal power units being replaced must operate on the grid as backups for extended periods and maintain minimum technical output during periods of low load, thus limiting the absorption of new energy sources. When energy storage power stations replace these units, the power output space released during the non-discharge periods throughout the day, excluding discharge periods, is equal to the product of the number of replaced thermal power units, their individual capacity, and the minimum technical output ratio of conventional thermal power. This power output space is the physical basis for energy storage power stations to indirectly promote the absorption of new energy sources.

[0104] In one specific implementation, it is assumed that the thermal power units operate at full load during peak load periods and at minimum output during other periods. First, it is necessary to calculate the amount of thermal power that the energy storage power station can replace throughout the day, excluding peak discharge periods, while fulfilling its system backup function. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0105] In the formula The thermal power (MW) that can be replaced by the system backup of the energy storage power station; The number of backup thermal power units that energy storage power stations can replace in the system; Conventional thermal power unit capacity (MW); This represents the minimum technical output percentage for conventional thermal power plants. This refers to the discharge period of the energy storage power station during the day. This output capacity is the physical basis for energy storage to indirectly promote the consumption of new energy sources.

[0106] This embodiment determines the actual reserve capacity undertaken by taking the smaller value between the energy storage spinning reserve capacity and the regional power grid reserve capacity deficit. It combines the maximum capacity of a conventional thermal power unit to calculate the number of replacement units, and calculates the power output space released during non-discharge periods based on the number of replacements, the capacity of a single unit, and the minimum technical output ratio. This achieves a reasonable quantification of the power space released by energy storage replacing conventional thermal power reserve capacity. It truly reflects the actual ability of energy storage to provide reserves in reducing the need for conventional power to be turned on and releasing power generation space. It avoids the distortion of power space calculation caused by overestimating reserve demand or replacement capacity, and provides a reliable data foundation for the subsequent accurate calculation of indirect consumption of new energy power and the second carbon emission reduction.

[0107] In some embodiments, prior to determining the energy storage regulation parameters, the method further includes: Based on the characteristics of the daily net load curve of the power system, the charging and discharging operation periods of the energy storage power station are determined; wherein, the charging operation period corresponds to the net load trough period, and the discharging operation period corresponds to the net load ramp-up and peak period.

[0108] Due to the mismatch between the high proportion of intermittent renewable energy, such as photovoltaics, and traditional rigid loads and power structure, the net load of the power system exhibits a distinct intraday variation characteristic. During the midday period, photovoltaic output reaches its peak, significantly offsetting conventional electricity load, causing the net load to drop to its lowest point of the day—the net load trough. At this time, conventional thermal power units need deep peak shaving or even shutdown, easily leading to the problem of wind and solar power curtailment. Therefore, this period is designated as the charging period for energy storage power stations. For example, based on the typical 24-hour electricity load of the regional power grid, 10:30 AM to 2:30 PM can be designated as the charging period for energy storage power stations, allowing energy storage to directly absorb excess renewable energy as load. In the evening, photovoltaic output rapidly declines to zero, while electricity load enters its evening peak. The net load rises sharply in a short period, forming a steep ramp and reaching its peak, requiring a fast-responding peak-shaving power source. Therefore, this period is designated as the discharging period for energy storage power stations, for example, 4:00 PM to 7:59 PM, to match load growth and replace conventional thermal power output.

[0109] In one specific implementation, the step of obtaining the power output of the energy storage alternative includes: Determine the discharge operating power of the energy storage system when it is in a discharge state; obtain the power generation output ratio of conventional power sources in the power grid; and determine the power output of the energy storage replacement power source based on the product of the discharge operating power and the power generation output ratio of the conventional power sources.

[0110] Specifically, when an energy storage power station is in discharge mode during net load ramp-up and peak periods, it provides power support to the grid, and its discharge operating power is the total output power of the energy storage. However, since the current power grid contains both conventional and renewable energy sources, the electricity provided by the energy storage power station is not entirely equivalent to replacing the output of conventional thermal power. Instead, it needs to be reasonably allocated according to the actual power structure of the power grid. Obtaining the proportion of conventional power generation output in the power grid can reflect the actual dependence of power supply on conventional thermal power. Multiplying this proportion by the energy storage discharge operating power can accurately determine the share of conventional power output actually replaced by energy storage discharge.

[0111] In one specific implementation, the steps for obtaining the power with limited absorption capacity of the new energy source in the power grid include: This involves obtaining the theoretically achievable power output and actual dispatch output of renewable energy sources in the power grid. The theoretically achievable power output refers to the maximum power that renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power can generate based on natural resource conditions, without considering limitations such as insufficient grid peak-shaving capacity and security constraints. Actual dispatch output refers to the power generation capacity that the grid dispatch center actually allows renewable energy to be connected to the grid, after considering system stability and absorption capacity. The method for calculating the theoretically achievable power output depends on the type of renewable energy source. (1) The theoretical power of photovoltaics is calculated based on the capacity of photovoltaic modules and local irradiance conditions: P theo,w.t =η×A×G t Where: η is the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module, such as η≈22% for PERC monocrystalline silicon modules; A is the installed capacity, kWp; G t The solar irradiance intensity (kW / m²) on the tilted surface at time t is obtained from meteorological station data or satellite remote sensing data.

[0112] (2) The theoretical power of wind power can be calculated based on the wind speed-power characteristic curve: P theo,s.t = 0.5×ρ×C p ×A×V t³ Where: ρ is the air density (kg / m³), which is related to local altitude and temperature; C p V is the wind turbine power coefficient, determined by the wind turbine model, typically 0.35–0.45; A is the swept area (m²), determined by the hub diameter; V t³ The wind speed (m / s) at hub height at time t is obtained from wind measurement tower or lidar data.

[0113] Determine the difference between the theoretically available generating power and the actual dispatched output; this difference represents the amount of electricity that cannot be fed into the grid due to insufficient grid absorption capacity, minimum output limitations of conventional power sources, and other reasons.

[0114] The difference is defined as the power constrained by the grid's renewable energy consumption. This constrained power directly reflects the actual wind and solar power curtailment occurring within the current system, which represents the potential renewable energy space that energy storage power stations can directly absorb through charging or indirectly replace by releasing power supply space.

[0115] In one specific implementation, to verify the applicability of this application, a calculation is performed using a regional power grid and a 500MW / 1000MWh energy storage system application project as an example.

[0116] Based on a typical daily load curve, the charging period is determined to be 10:30-14:30, and the discharging period is 16:00-19:59. The baseline emission factor is taken as 0.7208 tCO2e / MWh. Calculations show that the baseline emission reduction for energy storage power stations promoting the consumption of renewable energy projects is 1441.6 tCO2e. Assuming that a project using an energy storage system can replace two thermal power units with rated powers of 200MW and 100MW, and minimum outputs of 100MW and 60MW respectively, the baseline emission reduction for energy storage power stations serving as system backups and promoting the consumption of renewable energy projects is 2306.6 tCO2e. The third emission reduction for energy storage power stations serving as system backups and reducing the carbon emissions of standby thermal power units is 2863.1 tCO2e. The energy storage power station reduced the power system's carbon emissions by a total of 6,611.3 tCO2e on the day, and the annual emission reduction is about 2.413 million tons, effectively contributing to the low-carbon transformation of the new power system.

[0117] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a carbon emission determination system for an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application. See also... Figure 8 The carbon emission determination system for energy storage systems includes: The data acquisition module 801 is used to acquire energy storage regulation parameters, which include energy storage load power, energy storage release power space, and energy storage replacement power output. The first accounting module 802 is used to determine the amount of new energy electricity directly consumed by energy storage based on the load absorption constraint between the energy storage load power and the power of new energy consumption limitation of the power grid, and to calculate the first carbon emission reduction amount of energy storage directly improving the consumption of new energy. The second accounting module 803 is used to determine the amount of new energy electricity indirectly consumed by energy storage based on the spatial substitution constraint between the power space released by the energy storage and the power consumption limitation of the new energy in the power grid, and to calculate the second carbon emission reduction amount of the energy storage indirectly improves the consumption of new energy. The third accounting module 804 is used to calculate the third carbon emission reduction based on the power output of the energy storage replacement, thereby reducing the direct carbon emissions of conventional power sources. The summary determination module 805 is used to determine the total carbon emission reduction of the energy storage system based on the sum of the first carbon emission reduction, the second carbon emission reduction, and the third carbon emission reduction.

[0118] It should be noted that the carbon emission determination system for energy storage systems provided in the above embodiments is only illustrated by the division of the functional modules described above when calculating carbon emission reductions. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the calculation system can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. Furthermore, the carbon emission determination system for energy storage systems provided in the above embodiments and the carbon emission determination method embodiments for energy storage systems belong to the same concept, and their specific implementation process is detailed in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0119] This application also provides an electronic device. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0120] Typically, electronic device 9 includes one or more processors 901 and one or more memories 902.

[0121] Processor 901 may include one or more processing cores, such as a quad-core processor, a hexa-core processor, etc. Processor 901 may be implemented using at least one hardware form selected from DSP (Digital Signal Processing), FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), and PLA (Programmable Logic Array). Processor 901 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor. The main processor, also known as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), is used to process data in the wake-up state; the coprocessor is a low-power processor used to process data in the standby state. In some embodiments, processor 901 may integrate a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the screen. In some embodiments, processor 901 may also include an AI (Artificial Intelligence) processor, which is used to handle computational operations related to machine learning.

[0122] The memory 902 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be non-transitory. The memory 902 may also include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices or flash memory devices. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable storage media in the memory 902 are used to store at least one computer program, which is executed by the processor 901 to implement the carbon emission determination method for the energy storage system provided in the method embodiments of this application.

[0123] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 9 The structure shown does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device 9, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or use different component arrangements.

[0124] In addition, the system provided in the embodiments of this application may specifically be a chip, component or module. The chip may include a connected processor and a memory. The memory is used to store instructions. When the processor calls and executes the instructions, the chip can execute the carbon emission determination method of an energy storage system provided in the above embodiments.

[0125] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program code. When the computer program code is run on a computer, the computer executes the above-described related method steps to implement the carbon emission determination method for an energy storage system provided in the above embodiment.

[0126] This embodiment also provides a computer program product that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the aforementioned steps to implement the carbon emission determination method for an energy storage system provided in the above embodiment.

[0127] In this embodiment, the device, computer-readable storage medium, computer program product, or chip are all used to execute the corresponding methods provided above. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods provided above, and will not be repeated here.

[0128] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0129] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another apparatus, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0130] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining the carbon emissions of an energy storage system, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain energy storage regulation parameters, which include energy storage load power, energy storage release power space, and energy storage replacement power output; Determine the charging operation period when the energy storage system is in a charging state, and determine the new energy power directly consumed by the energy storage based on the load absorption constraint between the energy storage load power and the power of the grid's new energy consumption limitation, and calculate the first carbon emission reduction of the energy storage directly improving the consumption of new energy. Based on the spatial substitution constraint between the power space released by the energy storage and the power consumption limitation of the new energy in the power grid, the amount of new energy power indirectly consumed by the energy storage is determined, and the second carbon emission reduction of the energy storage indirectly improves the consumption of new energy is calculated. Determine the discharge operating power of the energy storage system in the discharge state, calculate the power output of the energy storage replacement, and based on the power output of the energy storage replacement, calculate the third carbon emission reduction to reduce the direct carbon emissions of conventional power sources. Based on the sum of the first carbon emission reduction, the second carbon emission reduction, and the third carbon emission reduction, the total carbon emission reduction of the energy storage system is determined. The step of determining the renewable energy power indirectly absorbed by energy storage based on the spatial permutation constraint between the power space released by the energy storage and the power consumption-limited power of renewable energy in the power grid includes: Obtain the power that is constrained in the absorption of new energy sources in the power grid; The comparison result is determined by comparing the power space released by the energy storage with the power of the grid's new energy sources that are limited in their absorption capacity. Based on the comparison results, the smaller value between the two is selected as the new energy power indirectly consumed by energy storage under the spatial permutation constraint. Determine the non-discharge period when the energy storage system is in a non-discharge state; Based on the non-discharge period, the renewable energy power indirectly absorbed is integrated over time to obtain the renewable energy power indirectly absorbed by the energy storage. The steps for obtaining the power space released from the energy storage include: Obtain the reserve capacity that needs to be provided by energy storage, wherein the reserve capacity is the smaller value between the spinning reserve capacity of the energy storage power station and the reserve capacity deficit of the regional power grid; Based on the aforementioned reserve capacity and the maximum capacity of a single conventional thermal power unit, determine the number of conventional thermal power units that can be replaced by energy storage; Based on the number of conventional thermal power units to be replaced, their individual capacity, and the minimum technical output ratio of conventional thermal power, the output capacity of conventional power released by the energy storage during non-discharge periods is determined.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining the amount of renewable energy directly absorbed by energy storage based on the load absorption constraint between the energy storage load power and the grid's renewable energy absorption capacity includes: Obtain the power that is constrained in the absorption of new energy sources in the power grid; The comparison results are obtained by comparing the power of the energy storage load with the power of the grid's renewable energy sources that are limited in their absorption capacity. Based on the comparison results, the smaller value between the two is selected as the new energy power that can be directly consumed by energy storage under the load absorption constraint. Determine the charging operation period when the energy storage system is in a charging state; Based on the charging operation period, the new energy power directly consumed is integrated over time to obtain the new energy power directly consumed by the energy storage.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned energy storage directly increases the first carbon emission reduction from renewable energy consumption, including: Based on the regional power grid's marginal emission factor, capacity marginal emission factor, and corresponding weights, a combined marginal emission factor is determined. Based on the combined marginal emission factor and the directly consumed renewable energy power, the baseline scenario emission amount corresponding to direct consumption is determined; Based on the zero-carbon emission leakage setting, the baseline scenario emission amount is taken as the first carbon emission reduction amount that energy storage can directly improve the consumption of new energy.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The accounting for energy storage indirectly enhances the second carbon emission reduction for renewable energy consumption, including: Determine a baseline emission factor for the power grid, which characterizes the marginal emission intensity of the power grid without energy storage systems; Obtain the renewable energy power indirectly consumed by the energy storage; Determine the product of the indirectly absorbed renewable energy power and the baseline emission factor; Based on the product, the amount of carbon emissions from the power grid replaced by energy storage that indirectly absorbs new energy sources is determined. The carbon emissions from the replaced power grid will be used as a second carbon emission reduction to indirectly enhance the absorption of new energy sources through energy storage.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the third carbon emission reduction based on the power output of the energy storage substitution, which reduces the direct carbon emissions of conventional power sources, includes: The greenhouse gas emission intensity of conventional power sources and the operating time when energy storage replaces conventional power output; Based on the aforementioned operating period, the power output of the energy storage substitution is integrated over time to obtain the substitution power generation. Obtain the product of the alternative power generation and the greenhouse gas emission intensity; Based on the product, a third carbon reduction is determined to reduce direct carbon emissions from conventional power sources.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before obtaining the energy storage regulation parameters, the process also includes: Based on the characteristics of the daily net load curve of the power system, the charging and discharging operation periods of the energy storage power station are determined; wherein, the charging operation period corresponds to the net load trough period, and the discharging operation period corresponds to the net load ramp-up and peak period.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for obtaining the power output of the energy storage alternative include: Determine the discharge operating power of the energy storage system when it is in a discharge state; Obtain the percentage of power generation output from conventional sources in the power grid; The power output of the energy storage alternative is determined by multiplying the discharge operating power by the power generation ratio of the conventional power source.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for obtaining the power with limited absorption capacity of the new energy source in the power grid include: Obtain the theoretical generating capacity and actual dispatch output of new energy sources in the power grid; Determine the difference between the theoretically achievable power output and the actual dispatched power output; The difference is determined as the power that the renewable energy source in the power grid is limited in absorbing.

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