Method for operating a radio network, and transmitter and receiver

Abstract

The method is for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (packet splitting) narrowband series radio network, comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20), wherein in the packet splitting method a message in the form of a data packet (DP) is split by a transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) into individual sub-packets (C1-C1+M) in the uplink and the sub-packets (C1-C1+M) are each transmitted as a radio burst (FB) in a hopping pattern (SM) to the radio receiver (20) in the uplink, the sub-packets (C1-C1+M) of the hopping pattern (SM) are sub-packets of a frame, in particular of a core frame (CF), each sub-packet (C1-C1+M) comprises a pilot sequence (PS), and the hopping pattern (SM) is a time hopping pattern and / or a frequency hopping pattern. In order to be able to use an energy buffer more easily, the hopping pattern (SM) is designed such that the total number of frames or radio bursts (FB) of a frame is greater than the coherence time, and the frequency and / or time of the radio bursts (FB) of a frame is adjusted in the receiver (20) based on frequency and / or time assumptions.

Description

(19) State Intellectual Property Office (12) Invention Patent Application (10) Application Publication Number (43) Application Publication Date (21) Application Number 202480065228.0 (22) Application Date 2024.09.27 (30) Priority Data 102023128098.8 2023.10.13 DE (85) PCT International Application Entering National Phase Date 2026.04.10 (86) PCT International Application Application Data PCT / EP2024 / 077271 2024.09.27 (87) PCT International Application Publication Data WO2025 / 078177 DE 2025.04.17 (71) Applicant: D.A. Meter Co., Ltd. Address: Germany Applicant: Fraunhofer Institute for the Promotion of Applied Research (72) Inventors: H. Patkoff, T. Kobert, K. Gottsack, R. Meyer, F. Obenostel, J. Knisl, J. Bernhard, G. Kilian (74) Patent Agency: China Council for the Promotion of International Trade Patent & Trademark Office Co., Ltd. 11038 Patent Attorney: Liu Ti (51) Int.Cl. H04B 1 / 713 (2011.01) H04B 1 / 7143 (2011.01) H04B 1 / 7156 (2011.01) (54) Invention Title: Method for operating a radio network, and transmitter and receiver (57) Abstract: This method is used for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Splitting) narrowband series radio network, including at least one radio node (FK1 The message splitting method involves a radio node (FK1-FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20), wherein in the message splitting method, a message in the form of a data packet (DP) is split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each transmitted as radio bursts (FB) in the uplink in a hopping mode (SM) to the radio receiver (20), the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) of the hopping mode (SM) are sub-data packets of frames, particularly sub-data packets of core frames (CF), each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) includes a pilot sequence (PS), and the hopping mode (SM) is a time hopping mode and / or a frequency hopping mode. In order to make it easier to use the energy buffer, the hopping mode (SM) is designed such that the total number of radio bursts (FB) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, and the frequency and / or time of the radio bursts (FB) of a frame are adjusted in the receiver (20) based on frequency and / or time assumptions.Claims 5 pages, Description 10 pages, Drawings 8 pages, CN 122055908 A 2026.05.15 CN 1 22 05 59 08 A 1. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Splitting) narrowband series radio network, the radio network comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20), wherein, in the message splitting method, messages in the form of data packets (DP) are split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each continuously transmitted as radio bursts in a hopping mode (SM) to the radio receiver (20) in the uplink, the hopping mode (SM) sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) being sub-data packets of frames, particularly sub-data packets of core frames (CF), Each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) includes a pilot sequence (PS), and the hopping mode (SM) is a time hopping mode and / or a frequency hopping mode, wherein the hopping mode (SM) is configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FBs) of a frame or a frame is greater than the coherence time, and in the receiver (20), the frequency and / or time of the radio bursts (FBs) of the frame are readjusted based on frequency and / or time assumptions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein only a subset of the total set of possible frequency and / or time offsets is used for the readjustment. 3. The method of at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the frequency and / or time assumptions are derived based on the rising and / or falling frequencies of the time crystal or frequency crystal of the radio nodes (FK1-FK1+n). 4. The method of at least one of the preceding claims, wherein only a subset of the total set of radio bursts (FBs) of the frame is readjusted with respect to frequency and / or time. 5. The method as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the set of radio bursts (FB) of the frame is divided into multiple blocks, preferably three blocks (B1-B3), and a readjustment of frequency and / or time is performed on at least one of the three blocks (B1-B3). 6. The method as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: for readjusting the time of the blocks (B1-B3), no offset is performed, an offset of +T / x is performed, or an offset of -T / x is performed, where T is the symbol duration and x is preferably an integer natural number; and / or for readjusting the frequency of the blocks (B1-B3), no offset is performed, an increase in frequency +yF is performed, or a decrease in frequency -yF is performed, where F is the frequency and y is preferably an integer natural number.7. The method as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: for time readjustment, the first block (B1) is not offset, the second block (B2) is offset by +T / x or -T / x, and the third block (B3) is offset by +T / x or -T / x, where T is the symbol duration and x is preferably an integer natural number, and / or for frequency readjustment, the frequency of the first block (B1) is not offset, the frequency of the second block (B2) is offset by +yF or -yF, and the frequency of the third block (B3) is offset by +yF or -yF, where F is the frequency and y is preferably an integer natural number. 8. The method as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amount of readjustment as the time offset of a block (e.g., B2) relative to a subsequent block (e.g., B3) is between 0 and T / 4, where T is the symbol duration, and / or the amount of readjustment as the frequency offset between two subsequent blocks (e.g., B1 and B2) is between 0 and 10 Hz. 9. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Splitting) narrowband series radio network, the radio network comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20), wherein, in the message splitting method, a message in the form of a data packet (DP) is split in the uplink by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M), and each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) is transmitted in the uplink as a radio burst in a hopping mode (SM), the hopping mode (SM) sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) being sub-data packets of a frame, particularly a core frame (CF), each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) comprising a pilot sequence (PS). Furthermore, the hopping mode (SM) is a time hopping mode and / or a frequency hopping mode, and wherein the hopping mode (SM) is configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FBs) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, particularly as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: when the total number of radio bursts (FBs) of a frame in the hopping mode (SM) is 24, each of the three radio bursts (FBs) forms a cluster (CL), the time interval (T_RB) between the radio bursts (FBs) of the cluster is determined to be such that the total number of radio bursts (FBs) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, or no cluster is formed, and the time interval (T_RB) between the radio bursts is determined to be such that the total number of radio bursts (FBs) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time.10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the time interval (T_RB) between the first radio burst and the second radio burst (FB) of each cluster (CL) is in the range of 1483 symbol lengths, preferably equal to 1483 symbol lengths, and / or the time interval (T_RB) between the second radio burst and the third radio burst (FB) of each cluster (CL) is in the range of 1683 symbol lengths, preferably equal to 1683 symbol lengths. 11. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Splitting) narrowband series radio network, the radio network comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20), wherein, in the message splitting method, messages in the form of data packets (DP) are split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each transmitted as radio bursts in the uplink in a hopping pattern (SM), the hopping pattern (SM) sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) being sub-data packets of frames, particularly core frames (CF), each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) including a pilot sequence (PS), and the hopping pattern (SM) being a time hopping pattern and / or a frequency hopping pattern, and, The hopping mode (SM) is preferably configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FB) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, particularly as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a hopping mode (SM) is used as defined by the following table: Claims 2 / 5 Page 3 CN 122055908 A Wherein each hopping mode comprises 23 hoppings, wherein each entry in the table indicates a time interval T_RB(s) between the reference point of the corresponding radio burst and the same reference point of the immediately following radio burst, in symbols, wherein each row in rows 1 to 8 of the table is a hopping mode. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the symbol comprises a symbol duration of 1 / (K*2380.371), where K is an integer. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frequency hopping mode (SM) is defined by the following table: Claims 3 / 5 Page 4 CN 122055908 A Wherein each frequency hopping mode comprises 24 frequency channels, wherein each entry in the table is the transmission frequency CRB(s) or frequency channel of the frequency hopping mode, wherein in the table, each row from row 1 to row 8 is a frequency hopping mode.14. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Splitting) narrowband series radio network, comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20), wherein, in the message splitting method, messages in the form of data packets (DP) are split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each transmitted as radio bursts in the uplink in a hopping pattern (SM), the hopping pattern (SM) sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) being sub-data packets of frames, particularly core frames (CF), each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) including a pilot sequence (PS), and the hopping pattern (SM) being a time hopping pattern and / or a frequency hopping pattern, and, The hopping mode (SM) is configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FB) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, particularly as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: the radio bursts (FB) of a frame have equal time intervals with each other, and / or the time interval between two adjacent radio bursts (FB) is in the range of 0.567 s to 0.757 s, and / or the duration of the frame is in the range of 14.96 s to 15.32 s. 15. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the receiver (20) preferably simultaneously searches for a hopping mode (SM) in which the total number of radio bursts (FB) of its frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, and searches for a hopping mode (SMK) in which the total number of radio bursts (FB) of its frame or frame is within the coherence time. 16. The method as described in claim 15, characterized in that the receiver (20) determines the receiving frequency of the corresponding hopping mode (SM or SMK). 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the receiver (20) adapts its search behavior based on the frequency of the determined corresponding hopping mode (SM or SMK). 18. The method of any of the preceding claims, wherein the transmitter (10) sends a message related to the energy buffer to the receiver (20) in the uplink, thereby limiting the search for the hopping mode (SM or SMK).19. A transmitter (10) for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Splitting) narrowband series radio network, characterized in that the latter is configured to operate according to the method as described in any one of the preceding claims, or is configured to use the time hopping mode as described in claim 11, particularly the time hopping mode as described in claim 11 and the frequency hopping mode as described in claim 13. 20. A receiver (20) for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Splitting) narrowband series radio network, characterized in that the latter is configured to operate according to the method as described in any one of the preceding claims. Claims 5 / 5 pages 6 CN 122055908 A Method for operating a radio network, and transmitter and receiver

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for operating a radio network, preferably a TS (Message Splitting) narrowband series radio network. Furthermore, the present invention relates to transmitters and receivers of radio nodes, each of which operates according to the method in the radio network.

[0002] This invention relates to radio networks, for example, those described in the ETSI TS 103 357 V1.1.1 (2018 / 06) standard. These are radio networks using unlicensed frequency bands. In such networks, a large number of radio nodes (particularly end nodes) are provided that communicate only with receiving radio nodes (e.g., so-called base stations or gateways) via radio, either on the uplink or on both the uplink and downlink. Radio nodes can be sensor devices for acquiring any kind of data, actuator devices for performing specific actions or measures, or a combination of sensor and actuator devices. Such radio nodes operate using a power source in the form of a dedicated (i.e., autonomous) non-rechargeable hardwired long-life battery, which has a limited lifespan depending on the node's individual energy consumption and is non-rechargeable, requiring replacement at the end of its lifespan. Under normal circumstances, such batteries can be used to achieve a "field" lifespan of at least ten years until replacement becomes necessary.

[0003] In order to transmit messages or data packets (messages) via a radio node, energy from the battery must be kept in an energy buffer so that the energy consumer (e.g., the transmitter module or transceiver module of the radio node) has the necessary energy for transmission. For transmitting messages or data packets, the latter are broken down into individual sub-data packets, which are then transmitted as radio bursts in the uplink in a hopping pattern (which includes time and / or frequency hopping patterns). For this purpose, the data packets are divided into so-called core frames and extended frames, both of which are further divided into individual sub-data packets.Each sub-data packet of the core frame contains a pilot sequence for synchronization with the receiver. For successful decoding of the data packet, the hopping pattern used to transmit the packet must be known to the receiver.

[0004] The conventional hopping patterns for sub-data packets or radio bursts of the core frame pose a challenge to the energy buffer of the transmitting radio node, as the energy buffer must not fall below a certain voltage threshold during short-interval discharges. For this reason, expensive hybrid layer capacitors (HLCs) have previously been used as energy buffers. Therefore, there is a persistent need for such methods for operating radio nodes to be able to use cheaper electrolytic capacitors.

[0005] Documented Prior Art

[0006] WO 2018 / 188814 A2 has disclosed the use of separate hopping patterns for message splitting methods. The separate hopping patterns proposed therein depend on the operating parameters of the data transmitter under discussion. In this case, consecutive radio bursts can also be combined into clusters.

[0007] Document EP 3 649 758 B1 describes a data transmitter designed to transmit data using a first hopping pattern in a first mode and repeat the process using a second hopping pattern. Furthermore, the data transmitter is designed to transmit data once using a third hopping pattern in a second mode, where the hopping patterns of the first and second modes are different. In this case, the data transmitter is designed to select the first and second hopping patterns from a set of hopping patterns and the third hopping pattern from a second set of hopping patterns. There is temporal and frequency coherence between the transmissions of the first and second hopping patterns.

[0008] DE 10 2022 101 405 A1 describes a method for operating nodes in a radio network, wherein extended pauses are inserted between clusters of radio bursts of hopping patterns. According to an alternative, the pauses may also be selected in a manner that allows them to be outside of the coherent time. Specification 1 / 10 pages 7 CN 122055908 A

[0009] Object of the Invention

[0010] The object of the invention is to improve a general method so that a cheaper energy buffer can be used in radio nodes.

[0011] Fulfillment of the Object

[0012] The above object is achieved by the method claimed in claim 1 and dependent claims 9, 11 and 13. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims. With respect to the transmitter or receiver of a radio network, this object is achieved by dependent claims 19 and 20.

[0013] Since the hopping mode is configured such that the total number of radio bursts of a frame or frame (e.g., a core frame with 24 radio bursts) is greater than the coherence time, and since the frequency and / or time are readjusted in the receiver based on frequency and / or time assumptions, the receiver can maximize synchronization based on the received energy of the pilot sequence of the radio bursts. The frequency and / or time assumptions include the assumption that the time error or frequency error of the time reference or frequency reference device (time crystal or radio crystal) of the radio node is expressed as the time / frequency offset of the radio burst of the frame. By taking into account the frequency and / or time assumptions, hopping modes that are not within the coherence time can be used. Such hopping modes, in turn, make it possible to effectively reduce the load on the energy buffer of the radio node. This means that much cheaper energy buffers can be used. On the other hand, with minimal cost in the form of only a slight increase in computing power, it is possible to guarantee sufficient reception of messages or packets that would otherwise be no longer receivable in the message splitting method.

[0014] The coherence time is one-quarter (0.25) of the symbol duration divided by the allowable timing error of the time reference device on the transmitter side. According to one embodiment of the invention, the coherence time can be 5.25 s. The coherence time is 105.0256 µs (e.g., one-quarter of the symbol duration in a UL of 2380.371 sym / s), derived from a maximum permissible timing error (“quartz crystal error”) of 20 ppm from the time reference device on the transmitter side.

[0015] Preferably, the frequency and / or time assumptions are derived based on the rising and / or falling frequencies of the timer crystal or frequency crystal of the radio node. The timer crystal and frequency crystal of the radio node can be implemented by two separate quartz crystals or by a single crystal.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the invention, readjustment is performed using only a subset of the total set of assumed possible frequency and / or time offsets.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the invention, readjustment may be performed using only a subset of the total set of radio bursts of the frame (e.g., subsets combined into blocks), preferably at least one second subset that follows the first subset in time. This can save computation time and thus energy.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the invention, the total set of radio bursts of a frame can be divided into multiple blocks, and readjustment with respect to frequency and / or time can be performed block by block. For example, depending on how much the frame duration exceeds the coherence time, the 24 radio bursts of the frame can be divided into two blocks, each containing 12 radio bursts, or into three blocks, each containing 8 radio bursts. Preferably, for readjustment, the total number of radio bursts of the frame can be divided into separate blocks (e.g., dividing the 24 radio bursts into three blocks, each containing 8 radio bursts).

[0019] Preferably, to readjust the block time, no offset, offset +T / x, or offset -T / x can be performed, where T is the symbol duration and x is preferably an integer natural number.

[0020] Alternatively or additionally, to readjust the block frequency, no offset, frequency increase +yF, or frequency decrease -yF can be performed, where F is the frequency and y is preferably an integer natural number.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the invention, to readjust the time, the first block may not be offset, the second block may be offset +T / x or -T / x, and the third block (B3) may be offset +T / x or -T / x, where T is the symbol duration and x is preferably an integer natural number. Alternatively or additionally, in order to perform the readjustment, the frequency of the first block may not be shifted, the frequency of the second block may be shifted by +yF or -yF, and the frequency of the third block (B3) may be shifted by +yF or -yF, where F is the frequency and y is preferably an integer natural number. The product of the possible time and frequency shifts represents the maximum possible number of radio bursts in the frame.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the invention, the amount of readjustment as the time shift of a block (e.g., the second of three blocks) relative to a subsequent block (e.g., the third of three blocks) can be between 0 and T / 4, where T is the symbol duration. Alternatively or additionally, the readjustment as the frequency shift between two subsequent blocks (e.g., the first and second of three blocks) can be between 0 and 10 Hz.

[0023] According to another embodiment (also specified in the dependent claims), in the case where the total number of radio bursts in the frame is 24 in the hopping mode, every three radio bursts are combined into a cluster, and the time interval between the radio bursts of the individual clusters is determined to be sized such that the total number of radio bursts in the frame or the frame is greater than the coherence time. Alternatively, clusters are not formed, such that the time interval between radio bursts is sized such that the total number of radio bursts in a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time. A “cluster” is defined as an arrangement of multiple adjacent radio bursts in a hopping pattern with equal time intervals between bursts.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the invention, the time interval between the first and second radio bursts of a corresponding cluster comprising three radio bursts can be in the range of 1483 symbol lengths, and the time interval can preferably be 1483 symbol lengths. Furthermore, the time interval between the second and third radio bursts of a corresponding cluster can be in the range of 1683 symbol lengths, and the time interval can preferably be 1683 symbol lengths.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the invention (which is also specified in the dependent claims), the time hopping pattern defined in claim 11 can be used.

[0026] Advantageously, the symbol includes a symbol duration of 1 / (K*2380.371), where K is an integer. The deviation is preferred. In particular, a symbol duration of 420.10 µs is provided.

[0027] According to one embodiment of the invention, the frequency hopping pattern defined in claim 12 can be consistently used in different frequency hopping patterns. The frequency hopping pattern defined in claim 13 corresponds to the frequency hopping pattern defined in ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06), and due to the same frequency hopping pattern, the different time hopping patterns are made as orthogonal as possible to each other. This results in less overlap between radio bursts of the hopping pattern (time hopping pattern) according to the invention and radio bursts of the time hopping pattern in the ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) standard. This results in less interference.

[0028] According to one embodiment of the invention (which is also specified in the dependent claims), all radio bursts of a frame may have the same time interval between each other, and / or the time interval between two adjacent radio bursts may be in the range of 0.567 s to 0.757 s, and / or the duration of the frame may be in the range of 14.96 s to 15.32 s. Within these ranges, readjustment can be successfully completed in the receiver.

[0029] According to one embodiment of the invention, the receiver may preferably simultaneously search for hopping patterns in its frame or the total number of radio bursts of a frame that is greater than the coherence time (i.e., outside the coherence time), and hopping patterns in its frame or the total number of radio bursts of a frame that are within the coherence time. This allows radio nodes with energy buffers of different performance to operate in a public radio network.

[0030] According to one embodiment of the invention, the receiver may determine the occurrence or reception frequency of the corresponding hopping pattern as part of statistical data collection. Preferably, the receiver can adapt its search behavior based on the frequency of the determined corresponding hopping pattern, for example, by enhancing its search for hopping patterns where the total number of frames or radio bursts of the hopping pattern is greater than the coherence time. Specification 3 / 10 pages 9 CN 122055908 A

[0031] According to one embodiment of the invention, the transmitter of a radio node in the uplink can send a message related to an energy buffer (high-quality energy buffer or low-quality energy buffer) to the receiver, whereby the receiver specifies a search for the relevant coherent or incoherent hopping pattern.

[0032] The invention also relates to transmitters and receivers for operating a radio network, preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband series radio network, configured to operate according to the method described in claims 1 to 19.

[0033] Description of the Invention Based on Exemplary Embodiments

[0034] Examples of advantageous embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings:

[0035] FIG1 shows a highly simplified schematic diagram of a radio network (preferably an SRD radio network) for applying the method according to the invention;

[0036] FIG2 shows a highly simplified schematic diagram of an example of the functional elements included in a node of the radio network;

[0037] FIG3 shows an example of the circuit configuration of the energy buffer of the node according to FIG2;

[0038] FIG4 shows an exemplary graph of the current draw and operating voltage curves of the energy buffer of the node changing over time when transmitting data packets in the uplink and downlink;

[0039] FIG5 shows an example of a radio burst of individual sub-data packets forming a data packet in the uplink;

[0040] FIG6 shows an example of a frequency-time jump pattern for transmitting a radio burst;

[0041] FIG7 shows the structure of an individual radio burst;

[0042] FIG8 shows a first example of readjusting a radio burst in a receiver according to the invention;

[0043] FIG9 shows another example of readjusting a radio burst in a receiver according to the invention;

[0044] Figure 10 shows a highly simplified diagram of a network according to the invention having receivers capable of searching for different hopping modes with respect to the load of the energy buffer; and

[0045] Figure 11 shows a highly simplified diagram of a network according to the invention having hopping modes forming clusters each containing three adjacent radio bursts.

[0046] Figure 1 shows a radio network 100, preferably of the type defined in the ETSI TS 103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) standard. It comprises multiple individual autonomously powered radio nodes FK1-FK1+n and receiver 20. The radio nodes FK1-FK1+n are in particular sensor devices, actuators, or combinations thereof for so-called IoT. In this arrangement, data from individual radio nodes FK1-FK1+n is transmitted to receiver 20 via radio transmitter 9 (uplink) and / or data is transmitted from receiver 20 to individual radio nodes FK1-FK1+n via radio transmitter 9 (downlink). Individual radio nodes FK1-FK1+n are within the transmission or reception range of the respective receiver 20.

[0047] Radio nodes FK1-FK1+n can be, for example, water meters, gas meters, electricity meters, or energy meters. Receiver 20 can be a base station, data collector, gateway, or another radio node.

[0048] Data received by receiver 20 from radio nodes FK1-FK1+n can then be transmitted to headend 30 or data center via suitable data transmission device 11. Data transmission device 11 can be, for example, a cellular connection or an internet connection, or a combination thereof.Data transmission of radio transmitter 9 is performed via packet splitting in narrowband, preferably in ultra-narrowband, and particularly preferably in the context of so-called packet splitting (TS-UMB series). The uplink typically involves the transmission of user data generated in individual radio nodes FK1-FK1+n and operational data (e.g., pilot sequences) for individual nodes. The data provided to receiver 20 by headend 30 via data transmission device 11 and transmitted to radio nodes FK1-FK1+n in the downlink via radio transmitter 9 is primarily configuration data, operating system data for individual nodes, software updates, etc.

[0049] FIG2 illustrates an exemplary structure for node FK1-FK1+n used in the method according to the invention. Radio node FK1 includes a microprocessor 14, a transmitter 10 or transceiver, and an antenna 17 for transmitting or receiving radio signals of radio transmitter 9. In addition, node FK1-FK1+n includes a memory 15, a battery 12, and an energy buffer 13. Battery 12 is preferably a so-called long-life battery, i.e., a non-rechargeable battery, which supplies energy to node FK1 throughout its entire lifespan until it must be replaced. Assuming normal power consumption, such a long-life battery has a lifespan of more than 10 years. Power for the microprocessor 14, transmitter 10, transceiver, or memory 15 is supplied via an energy buffer 13 upstream of battery 12, which discharges accordingly as energy demand arises and then recharges from the battery. The aforementioned components of node FK1, such as, for example, microprocessor 14, transmitter 10 or transceiver, antenna 16, and / or memory 15, can also be combined in component parts.

[0050] Reference numeral 16 refers to a time reference device in the form of a quartz crystal, which is preferably provided both as a time measurement device (i.e., used as a time reference) and for generating carrier signals. Receiver 20 or base station is similarly equipped with a quartz crystal (not shown in the figures) that generates a clock for the carrier signal at the carrier frequency of the radio signal transmitted by receiver 20 and is responsible for time measurement there. The two crystals differ in their accuracy. The crystal of receiver 20 has an accuracy of approximately 2 ppm, while crystal 16 is specified to have an accuracy of approximately 20 ppm.

[0051] As can be seen from Figure 3, battery 12 has a certain internal resistance 18. Microprocessor 14 and transmitter 10 or transceiver form a “consumer” of the energy stored in energy buffer 13. If the energy stored in energy buffer 13 is consumed by microprocessor 14 or transmitter 10 or transceiver, for example, due to the transmission of data packets (messages), then energy buffer 13 discharges for a certain period of time until it is recharged by battery 12. This results in a voltage drop in energy buffer 13.The voltage drop depends on the energy required by the consumer. The following example illustrates the voltage drop and recharging of energy buffer 13:

[0052]

[0053] An initial voltage Ut1 = 3.6V, a current pulse ton = 10 ms, a current I = 20 mA, and a capacitor C = 860μF produce a new voltage Ut2 = 3.367V. After the “consumer” has finished drawing current, energy buffer 7 is slowly charged from battery 6.

[0054]

[0055] An initial voltage Ut1 = 3.367V, a recovery period tooff = 150 ms, the battery’s internal resistance, and a capacitor C = 860μF produce a new voltage Ut3 = 3.404V.

[0056] The electronics of node FK1 require a stable voltage from energy buffer 13 for them to operate. A stable voltage is understood to mean a minimum voltage or voltage threshold that must not be lowered during operation. For example, the minimum voltage for a typical radio node is in the range of 2.7 to 3.0 V.

[0057] For better understanding, the upper part of Figure 4 shows an example of the current curve for message transmission in the uplink in a conventional message splitting method on the left, and on the right, an example of the current curve for a node receiving all sub-data packets in the downlink in the same conventional message splitting method. The message splitting method means dividing a data packet (message or message) into individual sub-data packets, and each sub-data packet is transmitted continuously as a radio burst FB, received by receiver 20 and reassembled to form information about the data packet. The time interval T_RB for continuously repeating the sub-data packets is typically about 150 ms on average in the uplink and about 220 ms in the downlink. Therefore, in the upper left of Figure 4, 24 current pulses at the indicated level are drawn from the energy buffer 13 within the indicated time.

[0058] Sub-data packets can typically be transmitted over a single frequency channel, or alternatively, individually over multiple different frequencies or frequency channels during a so-called frequency hopping process.

[0059] As can be seen from Figure 4, in the conventional method, energy buffer 13 is heavily discharged due to the transmission of data packets in the uplink, until it is recharged to above the operating voltage threshold V_min of approximately 2.9V due to the charging of battery 12 during a 0.37 s pause period. When the node's receiver receives data packets in the downlink, energy buffer 7 is heavily discharged again. It is then recharged again, which is not shown in the upper part of Figure 4. It can be seen that energy buffer 13 is below the operating voltage threshold V_min line for a considerable period of time during both the uplink and downlink. So far, so-called hybrid layer capacitors (HLCs) have been commonly used to prevent over-discharge. HLCs are expensive.

[0060] Figure 5 illustrates a portion of the so-called packet splitting method, in which, for example, according to ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06), the data packet DP intended to be transmitted in the uplink by the corresponding radio nodes FK1–FK1+n is divided (i.e., “split”) into separate sub-data packets C1 to C1+m, E1 to E1+n. To transmit the data packet DP, it is first divided into a frame in the form of a so-called core frame CF and another frame in the form of a so-called extended frame EF, wherein the extended frame EF typically contains at least substantially user data, and the core frame CF contains at least substantially signaling or control information, particularly the so-called pilot sequence. For transmission, the data of the extended frame EF is divided into separate sub-data packets E1 to E1+n. Similarly, in the uplink, the data of the core frame CF is divided into sub-data packets C1 to C1+m, as shown in Figure 5.

[0061] Adjacent radio bursts are separated by a time interval T_RB, as illustrated in the example of two radio bursts FB for the core frame in Figure 5.

[0062] In the ETSI TS 103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) standard, the pause between the core frame and the extended frame is defined as follows. In conventional radio systems, a block B in the downlink typically comprises, for example, 18 radio bursts or sub-data packets E1-E18. A block pause is usually set between the corresponding blocks. In the ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) radio standard, based on a symbol rate of 2380371 sym / s, this block pause can last for a maximum of 7168 symbols. This corresponds to a time value of 3.011 seconds.

[0063] Typically, a block B in the uplink typically frames, for example, 24 radio bursts or sub-data packets E1-E24.

[0064] Conventional hopping modes such as those in ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) necessitate the use of a high-quality and therefore expensive energy buffer 13. The frequency / time hopping pattern commonly used in message splitting methods is schematically shown as hopping pattern SMK in Figure 6. In this pattern, sub-data packets C1-C1+m of the core frame CF are transmitted from transmitter 10 to receiver 20 in the form of radio bursts FB, which are transmitted continuously using different carrier frequencies according to the specified frequency / time hopping pattern. The transmission occurs within the coherence time. In the hopping pattern SM shown in Figure 6, the message frames a total of 24 radio bursts FB.

[0065] Figure 7 shows an example of the structure of a radio burst FB (C1). The radio burst FB of the core frame CF includes two data sequences and a pilot sequence PS, which is used for synchronization. The pilot sequence PS includes 12 bits.

[0066] To protect the energy buffer 13 of radio nodes FK1-FK1+n, according to the present invention, it is proposed to use a hopping mode SM outside the coherence time. The coherence time is the time during which a transmitted radio burst FB can still be used by the receiver 20 without frequency or time readjustment. The coherence time is defined by specifying the maximum time error in the form of a fraction of the symbol duration (e.g., 0.25). The coherence time t (UL) depends on the frequency accuracy of the crystal and can be expressed as follows:

[0067]

[0068] 20 ppm corresponds to the specified frequency accuracy of the uplink signal transmitted by radio nodes FK1-Fk1+n. The value 105.0256 µs is one-quarter of the symbol duration in UL (2380.371 sym / s).

[0069] Using a hopping mode outside the coherence time means that frequency and / or time readjustment must be performed in the receiver 20 to ensure satisfactory reception. According to the invention, this readjustment is performed based on frequency and / or time hypotheses.

[0070] Figure 8 shows an example of transmitting 24 radio bursts (FBs) at the same time interval T_RB. In this case, the time interval T_RB between adjacent radio bursts (FBs) is so large that the load on the energy buffer 13 of the radio nodes Fk1-FK1+n is small, making it advantageous to use the cheaper energy buffer 13 in this hopping mode SM. As can be clearly seen from Figure 8, the duration of the transmission of 24 radio bursts (FBs) (e.g., 10 s) is approximately twice the coherence time (5.25 s).

[0071] To make the assumption, the entire duration of the core frame CF (e.g., 10 s) is divided into coherence times (5.25 s), resulting in, for example, two blocks B1 and B2. According to the invention, only the radio bursts (FBs) of block B2, i.e., a subset of the total set of radio bursts (FBs), can now be readjusted. The radio burst FB of block B2 is a subset of the radio burst FB, which temporally follows a subset of the first block B1 of the radio burst FB. Regarding readjustment, three assumptions can be made, such as: time has not yet elapsed, time is elapsed in the negative direction, and time is elapsed in the positive direction. For this reason, in receiver 20, the latter half of the core frame CF, i.e., block B2, is either retained in time position, offset in the negative direction, or offset in the positive direction. Therefore, the three assumptions produce three possibilities: possibility 1, no offset occurs; possibility 2, an offset occurs in the opposite direction of time, e.g., via -T / 4; and possibility 3, an offset occurs in the time direction, e.g., via +T / 4. T is the symbol duration.According to ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06), it is equal to 1 / 2380.317 s. Due to the described measures, the receiver is in the process of maximizing synchronization energy based on the pilot sequence PS because it must perform readjustment based on the described assumptions.

[0072] Figure 9 shows another variant of the method according to the invention, in which, for example, since the duration of the core frame corresponds approximately three times the length of the coherence time, the radio burst FB of the core frame CF is divided into three blocks B1, B2, and B3. In this case, specific offsets are also defined with respect to the individual blocks B1, B2, and B3. For example, with respect to block B1, offsets in time or frequency that should not occur are specified. With respect to the second block B2, there are three offsets for each case of time and frequency, which for time include 0, -T / 4, +T / 4, and for frequency include, for example, the assumptions of 0 Hz, +5 Hz, -5 Hz. With respect to the third block B3, further offsets are added, such as -T / 2 and +T / 2 or -10 Hz and +10 Hz.

[0073] According to one aspect of the invention, instead of using all possible offsets, only a subset thereof is used. Accordingly, for example, the following offsets {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, T / 4}, {0, 0, -T / 4}, {0, T / 4, T / 4}, {0, T / 4, T / 2}, {0, -T / 4, 0}, {0, -T / 4, -T / 4}, {0, -T / 4, -T / 2}, {0, T / 4, 0}, {0, -T / 4, 0} are used for time, while the following assumptions {0, 0, T / 2}, {0, 0, -T / 2}, {0, T / 4, -T / 4}, {0, T / 4, -T / 2}, {0, -T / 4, T / 4}, {0, -T / 4, T / 2} are not used.

[0074] The corresponding process can also be used for frequency readjustment. For this purpose, the total number of 24 radio bursts (FB) in the core frame (CF) can also be divided into 3 blocks (B1-B3) each containing 8 radio bursts. In this case, the offsets {0, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 5Hz}, {0, 0, -5Hz}, {0, 5Hz, 5Hz}, {0, 5Hz, 10Hz}, {0, -5Hz, 0}, {0, -5Hz, -5Hz}, {0, -5Hz, -10Hz}, {0, 5Hz, 0} are preferred instead of the offsets {0, 0, 10Hz}, {0, 0, -10Hz}, {0, 5Hz, 0}, {0, 5Hz, -5Hz}, {0, 5Hz, -10Hz}, {0, -5 Hz, 5Hz}, {0, -5Hz, 10Hz}.

[0075] The present invention enables efficient searching of transition patterns SM outside the coherence time in receiver 20 with manageable computational work.

[0076] As schematically shown in Figure 10, a TS (Message Split) narrowband series radio network can operate with multiple radio nodes FK1-FK1+n, where some radio nodes (e.g., radio nodes FK3 and FK1+n) transmit the core frame CF via a hopping mode SMK within the coherent time, while some radio nodes (e.g., radio node FK1) transmit a hopping mode SM outside the coherent time. Receiver 20 is capable of searching for different hopping modes SM and SMK (preferably simultaneously) and performing synchronization as described on page 7 / 10 of the specification, CN 122055908 A.

[0077] The corresponding hopping mode SM outside the coherent time can be configured such that the time interval T_RB between the first and second radio bursts (FB1, FB2) of the corresponding cluster (CL1-CL8) is within the range of 1483 symbol lengths or equal to 1483 symbol lengths, wherein the time interval T_RB between the second and third radio bursts (FB2, FB3) of the corresponding cluster (CL) is within the range of 1683 symbol lengths or equal to 1683 symbol lengths, see Figure 11. The time interval T_RB of intermediate radio bursts can be changed.

[0078] Advantageously, a jump mode SM (time jump mode) that does not correspond to the coherence requirement, as defined in the following table, can be used as a jump mode:

[0079]

[0080] Table 1: Incoherent jump modes SM (time jump modes)

[0081] wherein each time jump mode comprises 23 jumps, wherein each entry in the table indicates the time interval T_RB(s) from the reference point of the corresponding radio burst to the same reference point of the immediately following radio burst, in symbols (e.g., symbols with a symbol duration of 1 / 2380.371 s per symbol), wherein each row in rows 1 to 8 of the table is a time jump mode.

[0082] Preferably, in combination with the above-described hopping mode SM, a frequency hopping mode defined by the following table is used: Specification 8 / 10 page 14 CN 122055908 A

[0083]

[0084] Table 2: Unified Frequency Hopping Modes for SM and SMK

[0085] Wherein each frequency hopping mode comprises 24 hoppings, wherein each entry in the table is the transmission frequency CRB(s) or frequency channel of the frequency hopping mode, wherein each row in rows 1 to 8 of the table is a frequency hopping mode, and wherein each column in the table is a hopping mode of the corresponding frequency hopping mode starting from the second hopping. The ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) standard has specified such a frequency hopping mode for the coherent hopping mode SMK. Due to the use of a unified frequency hopping mode, the different time hopping modes SM and SMK are as orthogonal to each other as possible.This results in less overlap between radio bursts of the hopping mode (time-hopping mode) according to the present invention and radio bursts of the time-hopping mode in the ETSI TS103 357 V1.1.1 (2018-06) standard. This results in less interference.

[0086] Receiver 20 may determine and / or store the frequencies at which the corresponding hopping mode SM or SMK occurs or is received, and adapt its search behavior based on the determined frequencies of the corresponding hopping mode SM or SMK.

[0087] It may also be specified that transmitter 10 in the uplink sends a message related to the energy buffer to receiver 20, whereby receiver 20 limits the search according to the corresponding type of hopping mode SM or SMK. For example, the message may contain information that roughly means: the relevant radio node (e.g., FK1) has a less powerful energy buffer 13. Receiver 20 then directs its search toward the non-time-coherent hopping mode SM.

[0088] It is also possible to form non-time-coherent hopping mode SMs without clusters, rather than forming clusters, in which case all radio bursts of the core frame may have the same time interval.

[0089] The time interval T_RB between two adjacent radio bursts is preferably in the range of 0.567 s to 0.757 s. The duration of the core frame in the time-coherent hopping mode SM is preferably in the range of 14.96 s to 15.32 s. Within these ranges, readjustment can be successfully performed in the receiver.

[0090] The characteristics of the method described according to the invention relate to communication between radio nodes FK1-FK1+n and receiver 20 in the uplink (UL) and are dedicated to radio bursts of the core frame CF.

[0091] The present invention enables the use of non-time-coherent hopping mode SM in radio networks of the TS (Message Split) narrowband series. This makes it possible to use a cheaper energy buffer 13. For this reason, production costs can be reduced while maintaining the communication capability between the radio node and the receiver in the uplink. The present invention therefore makes a significant contribution to the related technical field.List of reference numerals

[0092] FK1, FK1+n Nodes

[0093] 9 Radio transmitter

[0094] 10 Transmitter

[0095] 11 Data transmitter

[0096] 12 Battery

[0097] 13 Energy buffer

[0098] 14 Microprocessor

[0099] 15 Memory

[0100] 16 Quartz crystal (time)

[0101] 17 Antenna

[0102] 18 Internal resistor

[0103] 20 Receiver

[0104] 30 Headend

[0105] 100 Short-range radio network

[0106] CF Core frame

[0107] EF Extended frame

[0108] CL1-CL8 cluster

[0109] C1-C1+m Sub-data packets of core frames

[0110] Radio bursts of core frames FB1-FB24

[0111] T_RB Time interval between two radio bursts of core frames

[0112] PS Pilot sequence

[0113] CRB Transmit frequency

[0114] B1-B3 blocks

[0115] SM Non-time-coherent transition mode

[0116] SM Time-coherent transition mode Specification 10 / 10 pages 16 CN 122055908 A Figure 1 Figure 2 Specification Figure 1 / 8 pages 17 CN 122055908 A Figure 3 Specification Figure 2 / 8 pages 18 CN 122055908 A Figure 4 Specification Figure 3 / 8 pages 19 CN 122055908 A Figure 5 Specification Figure 4 / 8 pages 20 CN 122055908 A Figure 6 Figure 7 Specification Figure 5 / 8 pages 21 CN 122055908 A Figure 8 Specification Figure 6 / 8 Page 22 CN 122055908 A Figure 9 Appendix 7 / 8 of the specification Page 23 CN 122055908 A Figure 10 Figure 11 Appendix 8 / 8 of the specification Page 24 CN 122055908 A.

Claims

1. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband series radio network, the radio network comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20). in, In the message splitting method, the message in the form of a data packet (DP) is split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each continuously transmitted as radio bursts in hopping mode (SM) to the radio receiver (20) in the uplink. The sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) in hopping mode (SM) are sub-data packets of frames, especially core frames (CF). Each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) includes a pilot sequence (PS). Furthermore, the jump mode (SM) is a time jump mode and / or a frequency jump mode. The hopping mode (SM) is configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FBs) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, and In the receiver (20), the frequency and / or time of the radio burst (FB) of the frame are readjusted based on frequency and / or time assumptions.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Only a subset of the total possible frequency and / or time offsets is used for the readjustment.

3. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that... The frequency and / or time assumptions are derived based on the rising and / or falling frequencies of the time crystal or frequency crystal of the radio nodes (FK1-FK1+n).

4. The method as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that... Only a subset of the total set of radio bursts (FB) of frames is readjusted with respect to frequency and / or time.

5. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that... The set of radio bursts (FB) of a frame is divided into multiple blocks, preferably three blocks (B1-B3), and a frequency and / or time readjustment is performed on at least one of the three blocks (B1-B3).

6. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: To readjust the timing of block (B1-B3), either no offset, an offset of +T / x, or an offset of -T / x is performed, where T is the symbol duration and x is preferably an integer natural number, and / or To readjust the frequency of block (B1-B3), either do not perform an offset, perform an increase in frequency +yF, or perform a decrease in frequency -yF, where F is the frequency and y is preferably an integer natural number.

7. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: To readjust the time, the first block (B1) is not offset, the second block (B2) is offset by +T / x or -T / x, and the third block (B3) is offset by +T / x or -T / x, where T is the symbol duration and x is preferably an integer natural number, and / or In order to readjust the frequency, the frequency of the first block (B1) is not shifted, the frequency of the second block (B2) is shifted by +yF or -yF, and the frequency of the third block (B3) is shifted by +yF or -yF, where F is the frequency and y is preferably an integer natural number.

8. The method as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, The amount of time offset readjustment for a block (e.g., B2) relative to a subsequent block (e.g., B3) is between 0 and T / 4, where T is the symbol duration, and / or the amount of frequency offset readjustment between two subsequent blocks (e.g., B1 and B2) is between 0 and 10 Hz.

9. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband series radio network, the radio network comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20). in, In the message splitting method, the message in the form of a data packet (DP) is split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each continuously transmitted as radio bursts in hopping mode (SM) to the radio receiver (20) in the uplink. The sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) in hopping mode (SM) are sub-data packets of frames, especially core frames (CF). Each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) includes a pilot sequence (PS). Furthermore, the jump mode (SM) is a time jump mode and / or a frequency jump mode, and The hopping mode (SM) is configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FB) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, particularly as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: In hop mode (SM), when the total number of radio bursts (FBs) in a frame is 24, each of the three radio bursts (FBs) forms a cluster (CL). The time interval (T_RB) between the radio bursts (FBs) in a cluster is determined to be such that the total number of radio bursts (FBs) in the frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, or Clusters are not formed, and the time interval (T_RB) between radio bursts is determined to be sized such that the total number of radio bursts (FB) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time.

10. The method as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The time interval (T_RB) between the first and second radio bursts (FB) of each cluster (CL) is 1483 symbols in length. Within the range, preferably equal to a length of 1483 symbols, and / or The time interval (T_RB) between the second and third radio bursts (FB) of each cluster (CL) is 1683 symbols long. Within the range, the preferred length is 1683 symbols.

11. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband series radio network, the radio network comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20). in, In the message splitting method, the message in the form of a data packet (DP) is split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each continuously transmitted as radio bursts in hopping mode (SM) to the radio receiver (20) in the uplink. The sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) in hopping mode (SM) are sub-data packets of frames, especially core frames (CF). Each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) includes a pilot sequence (PS). Furthermore, the jump mode (SM) is a time jump mode and / or a frequency jump mode, and, The hopping mode (SM) is preferably configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FB) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, particularly as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that... Use the time transition pattern defined in the table below as the transition pattern (SM): Each time transition pattern consists of 23 transitions. Each entry in the table indicates the time interval T_RB(s) between the reference point of the corresponding radio burst and the same reference point of the immediately following radio burst, in symbols. Each row in the table from 1 to 8 represents the time jump pattern.

12. The method as described in claim 11, characterized in that... The symbol includes a symbol duration of 1 / (K*2380.371), where K is an integer.

13. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that... Use the frequency hopping pattern defined in the following table as the hopping mode (SM): Each frequency hopping mode includes 24 frequency channels. Each entry in the table represents the transmission frequency C of the frequency hopping mode. RB (s) or frequency channel, In the table, each row from 1 to 8 represents the frequency hopping pattern.

14. A method for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Splitting) narrowband series radio network, comprising at least one radio node (FK1, FK1+n) and at least one receiver (20). in, In the message splitting method, the message in the form of a data packet (DP) is split into individual sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) by the transmitter (10) of the radio node (FK1-FK1+n) in the uplink, and the sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) are each continuously transmitted as radio bursts in hopping mode (SM) to the radio receiver (20) in the uplink. The sub-data packets (C1-C1+M) in hopping mode (SM) are sub-data packets of frames, especially core frames (CF). Each sub-data packet (C1-C1+M) includes a pilot sequence (PS). Furthermore, the jump mode (SM) is a time jump mode and / or a frequency jump mode, and, The hopping mode (SM) is configured such that the total number of radio bursts (FB) of a frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, particularly as described in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that: The radio bursts (FBs) of frames have equal time intervals between each other, and / or The time interval between two adjacent radio bursts (FBs) is in the range of 0.567 s to 0.757 s, and / or The duration of the frames ranged from 14.96 s to 15.32 s.

15. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that... The receiver (20) preferably simultaneously searches for a hopping mode (SM) in which the total number of radio bursts (FB) of its frame or frame is greater than the coherence time, and a hopping mode (SMK) in which the total number of radio bursts (FB) of its frame or frame is within the coherence time.

16. The method as described in claim 15, characterized in that... The receiver (20) determines the receiving frequency for the corresponding hopping mode (SM or SMK).

17. The method as described in claim 16, characterized in that... The receiver (20) adapts its search behavior to the frequency of the determined corresponding hopping mode (SM or SMK).

18. The method as described in any of the preceding claims, characterized in that... The transmitter (10) sends a message related to the energy buffer to the receiver (20) in the uplink, thereby limiting the receiver (20) to the search for the switching mode (SM or SMK).

19. A transmitter (10) for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband radio network, characterized in that... The latter is configured to operate according to the method described in any of the preceding claims, or is configured to use the time jump mode as described in claim 11, particularly the time jump mode as described in claim 11 and the frequency jump mode as described in claim 13.

20. A receiver (20) for operating a radio network (100), preferably a TS (Message Split) narrowband radio network, characterized in that... The latter is configured to operate in accordance with the method described in any of the preceding claims.

Images