Battery cooling system water distribution device for battery swap station

Abstract

The application discloses a battery cooling system water distribution device of a battery swap station, which comprises a battery placing rack, a constant-temperature water unit and a water distribution module, the water distribution module is installed on the battery placing rack, the constant-temperature water unit is communicated with the water distribution module, and a battery cooling groove is arranged on the battery placing rack and used for placing a battery; the water distribution module comprises a water distributor and a water collector, a water inlet of the water distributor is communicated with the constant-temperature water unit, a water outlet of the water distributor is communicated with a water inlet of the battery cooling groove, a water inlet of the water collector is communicated with a water outlet of the battery cooling groove, and a water outlet of the water collector is communicated with the constant-temperature water unit; and the battery cooling system water distribution device has the advantages of high integration degree and improved battery charging efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery charging and cooling in battery swapping stations, and more particularly to a water distribution device for a battery cooling system in a battery swapping station. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing severity of environmental pollution and energy shortages, energy conservation and environmental protection have become important directions for industrial development. Due to increasingly stringent emission standards, electric vehicles have received unprecedented attention and development. However, the problems of driving range and charging difficulties for electric vehicles have not been effectively resolved. While the market offers a wide variety of electric vehicles, their driving range and charging experience fail to satisfy consumers. Current charging methods include fast charging and slow charging. Fast charging takes at least 30 minutes, a long waiting time that significantly damages the battery and severely impacts its lifespan. Slow charging is more protective of the battery but takes too long, requiring 6 to 7 hours for a full charge, and the number of private charging stations is limited. This situation of charging difficulties and inconvenience remains unresolved.

[0003] Therefore, a battery quick-swap solution has emerged. Battery quick-swap involves rapidly removing a low-charge battery from a vehicle and replacing it with a fully charged one. After battery pack replacement, there is a need for rapid charging of the removed low-charge battery. However, the charging capacity and efficiency of a battery vary greatly under different temperatures. In high-temperature environments, the battery temperature rises rapidly during fast charging. If the battery temperature cannot be effectively controlled, it can easily lead to charging hazards and also reduce charging efficiency, extending charging time and impacting overall charging efficiency. To ensure high battery charging efficiency, a suitable operating temperature is required; excessively high or low temperatures will significantly affect performance. Battery swapping stations typically have a large number of densely packed and widely distributed battery packs. The cooling water piping layout is complex, with numerous branches and interspersed with other electrical components, making water system design difficult and resulting in long on-site assembly times.

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a water distribution device for the battery cooling system of a battery swapping station. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that battery packs in battery swapping stations are numerous, densely distributed, and widely arranged, resulting in complex cooling water pipe layouts with many branches and overlapping with other electrical components. This makes water pipe layout difficult and on-site assembly time long. The invention provides a water distribution device for a battery cooling system in a battery swapping station, comprising:

[0006] The battery rack includes a battery placement unit, a constant temperature water unit, and a water distribution module. The water distribution module is installed on the battery placement rack, and the constant temperature water unit is connected to the water distribution module. The battery placement rack is equipped with a battery cooling tank for placing batteries.

[0007] The water distribution module includes a water distributor and a water collector. The inlet of the water distributor is connected to the constant temperature water unit, the outlet of the water distributor is connected to the inlet of the battery cooling tank, the inlet of the water collector is connected to the outlet of the battery cooling tank, and the outlet of the water collector is connected to the constant temperature water unit.

[0008] Furthermore, there are multiple battery racks, and each water distribution module is configured to correspond to a battery rack.

[0009] Furthermore, the output port of the constant temperature water unit is simultaneously connected to the input ports of multiple water distributors, and the input port of the constant temperature water unit is simultaneously connected to the output ports of multiple water collectors.

[0010] Furthermore, a first ball valve is provided between the constant temperature water unit and the water distributor, and the first ball valve is used to control the working status of the water distribution module;

[0011] A second ball valve is provided between the constant temperature water unit and the water collector. The second ball valve is used to control the working status of the water distribution module.

[0012] Furthermore, a first solenoid valve is provided on the pipeline connecting the water distributor and the battery cooling tank. The first solenoid valve is used to prevent cooling water from flowing back to the water distributor. The first solenoid valve is also used to control the flow of water from the water distributor to the battery cooling tank.

[0013] A third ball valve is installed on the pipeline connecting the battery cooling tank and the water collector. The third ball valve is used to prevent the cooling water from flowing back to the battery cooling tank. The third ball valve is also used to control the flow of water from the battery cooling tank to the water collector.

[0014] Furthermore, the first solenoid valve is also electrically connected to an external controller, which is used to control the operating conditions of the first solenoid valve.

[0015] Furthermore, there are multiple battery cooling tanks, the number of water distributor output ports corresponds one-to-one with the number of battery cooling tanks, and the number of water collector input ports corresponds one-to-one with the number of battery cooling tanks.

[0016] Furthermore, the battery rack includes multiple support columns and multiple support planes, the multiple support planes are arranged in parallel, each of the support planes is fixedly connected to the multiple support columns, and the support columns are hollow columnar bodies.

[0017] Furthermore, the hollow cylindrical body is provided with a pipe for water connection, and the pipe is also provided with a first solenoid valve and a third ball valve.

[0018] Furthermore, both the water distributor and the water collector are installed on the lowest supporting surface.

[0019] Implementing this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. This invention uses a battery placement rack and a water distribution module, integrating the water distribution module's piping into the support frame of the battery placement rack. This saves piping layout space, reduces the difficulty of water circuit layout, and allows for separate arrangement from other circuit components, thus improving safety performance.

[0021] 2. This invention employs a water distributor and a water collector to form a water circuit for cooling the battery pack, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery pack during charging, improving the charging efficiency of the battery, and preventing the battery from overheating and causing danger during charging. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is an assembly effect diagram of the present invention;

[0024] The reference numerals in the figure should correspond to: 1-battery rack, 2-constant temperature water unit, 3-water distribution module, 301-water distributor, 302-water collector, 4-first ball valve, 5-second ball valve, 6-first solenoid valve, 7-third ball valve, and 8-battery pack. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Example

[0027] In this embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that battery packs in battery swapping stations are numerous, densely distributed, and widely arranged, resulting in complex cooling water pipe layouts with many branches and overlapping with other electrical components. This makes water pipe layout difficult and on-site assembly time long. The invention provides a water distribution device for a battery cooling system in a battery swapping station, comprising:

[0028] The battery rack 1, the constant temperature water unit 2, and the water distribution module 3 are provided. The water distribution module 3 is installed on the battery rack 1. The constant temperature water unit 2 is connected to the water distribution module 3. The battery rack 1 is provided with a battery cooling tank for placing batteries.

[0029] The water distribution module 3 includes a water distributor 301 and a water collector 302. The inlet of the water distributor 301 is connected to the constant temperature water unit 2, the outlet of the water distributor 301 is connected to the inlet of the battery cooling tank, the inlet of the water collector 302 is connected to the outlet of the battery cooling tank, and the outlet of the water collector 302 is connected to the constant temperature water unit 2.

[0030] In one specific embodiment, a first ball valve 4 is provided between the constant temperature water unit 2 and the water distributor 301. The first ball valve is used to control the working state of the water distribution module 3.

[0031] A second ball valve 5 is provided between the constant temperature water unit 2 and the water collector 302. The second ball valve 5 is used to control the working status of the water distribution module 3.

[0032] A first solenoid valve 6 is provided on the pipeline connecting the water distributor 301 and the battery cooling tank. The first solenoid valve 6 is used to prevent cooling water from flowing back to the water distributor 301. The first solenoid valve 6 is also used to control the flow of water from the water distributor 301 to the battery cooling tank.

[0033] A third ball valve 7 is provided on the pipeline connecting the battery cooling tank and the water collector 302. The third ball valve 7 is used to prevent the cooling water from flowing back to the battery cooling tank. The third ball valve 7 is also used to control the flow of water from the battery cooling tank to the water collector 302.

[0034] The first solenoid valve 6 is also electrically connected to an external controller, which is used to control the operating conditions of the first solenoid valve 6.

[0035] The aforementioned constant temperature water unit provides cooling water to the entire water distribution module from its output port. The cooling water flows through the distributor to the battery cooling tank. The battery cooling tank can be equipped with cooling pipes inside, and the battery is placed close to the cooling pipes. The cooling water cools the battery as it passes through the cooling pipes. The battery cooling tank can also be configured as a double-layer structure, consisting of a battery cooling tank and a battery placement tank. Cooling water enters the battery cooling tank and then flows out to the water collector. After passing through the water collector, the cooling water flows back to the constant temperature water unit. The constant temperature water unit cools the cooling water to a specified temperature and then continues to circulate. A first ball valve is installed between the constant temperature water unit and the water distributor. The first ball valve is used to control the working state of the water distribution module. When the first ball valve is open, the water distribution module works; when the first ball valve is closed, the water distribution module does not work.

[0036] Implementing this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. This invention employs a water distributor and a water collector to form a water circuit for cooling the battery pack, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery pack during charging, improving the charging efficiency of the battery, and preventing the battery from overheating and causing danger during charging.

[0038] Example

[0039] In this embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that battery packs in battery swapping stations are numerous, densely distributed, and widely arranged, resulting in complex cooling water pipe layouts with many branches and overlapping with other electrical components. This makes water pipe layout difficult and on-site assembly time long. The invention provides a water distribution device for a battery cooling system in a battery swapping station, comprising:

[0040] The battery rack 1, the constant temperature water unit 2, and the water distribution module 3 are provided. The water distribution module 3 is installed on the battery rack 1. The constant temperature water unit 2 is connected to the water distribution module 3. The battery rack 1 is provided with a battery cooling tank for placing batteries.

[0041] The water distribution module 3 includes a water distributor 301 and a water collector 302. The inlet of the water distributor 301 is connected to the constant temperature water unit 2, the outlet of the water distributor 301 is connected to the inlet of the battery cooling tank, the inlet of the water collector 302 is connected to the outlet of the battery cooling tank, and the outlet of the water collector 302 is connected to the constant temperature water unit 2.

[0042] In one specific embodiment, there are multiple battery racks 1, and the water distribution module 3 is set up in a one-to-one correspondence with the battery rack 1.

[0043] In one specific embodiment, the output port of the constant temperature water unit 2 is simultaneously connected to the input ports of multiple water distributors 301, and the input port of the constant temperature water unit 2 is simultaneously connected to the output ports of multiple water collectors 302.

[0044] In one specific embodiment, a first ball valve 4 is provided between the constant temperature water unit 2 and the water distributor 301. The first ball valve is used to control the working state of the water distribution module 3, facilitates maintenance, and disconnects from the entire water circulation loop. In case of malfunction or leakage, it can ensure that the batteries in other battery racks can be charged normally. The first ball valve will only be closed when a malfunction occurs for maintenance; it is always open during operation.

[0045] A second ball valve 5 is installed between the constant temperature water unit 2 and the water collector 302. The second ball valve 5 is used to control the working state of the water distribution module 3, so as to ensure that maintenance can be carried out while other battery packs in the battery rack are charging normally, or that the antifreeze leakage during maintenance is reduced to one battery pack pipeline circuit without affecting others. The second ball valve is only closed when a fault occurs for maintenance, and is always open during operation. In a specific embodiment, a first solenoid valve 6 is installed on the pipeline connecting the water distributor 301 and the battery cooling tank. The first solenoid valve 6 is used to prevent cooling water from flowing back to the water distributor 301. The first solenoid valve 6 is also used to control the flow of water from the water distributor 301 to the battery cooling tank.

[0046] A third ball valve 7 is provided on the pipeline connecting the battery cooling tank and the water collector 302. The third ball valve 7 is used to prevent the cooling water from flowing back to the battery cooling tank. The third ball valve 7 is also used to control the flow of water from the battery cooling tank to the water collector 302.

[0047] In one specific embodiment, the first solenoid valve 6 is also electrically connected to an external controller, which is used to control the operating conditions of the first solenoid valve 6.

[0048] In one specific embodiment, there are multiple battery cooling tanks, the number of output ports of the water distributor 301 corresponds one-to-one with the number of battery cooling tanks, and the number of input ports of the water collector 302 corresponds one-to-one with the number of battery cooling tanks.

[0049] The aforementioned constant temperature water chiller provides cooling water to the entire water distribution module from its output port. The cooling water flows from the constant temperature water chiller through the distributor to the battery cooling tank. The battery cooling tank can have cooling pipes installed inside, with the batteries placed close to the cooling pipes. The cooling water cools the batteries as it passes through the cooling pipes. The battery cooling tank can also be designed as a double-layer structure, consisting of a battery cooling tank and a battery placement tank. Cooling water enters the battery cooling tank and then flows out to the collector. After passing through the collector, the cooling water flows back to the constant temperature water chiller, which cools the cooling water to a specified temperature and then continues the circulation. In the above process, the constant temperature water chiller can simultaneously provide cooling water to multiple water distribution modules, which are connected in parallel. Multiple battery cooling tanks can be installed between the collector and distributor in each water distribution module. A first ball valve is installed between the constant temperature water chiller and each distributor. The first ball valve is used to control the working status of the water distribution module, facilitate maintenance, and disconnect it from the entire water circulation loop. In case of malfunction or leakage, it can ensure that the batteries in other battery racks can be charged normally. The first ball valve is only closed during maintenance and is always open during operation. A second ball valve is installed between the constant temperature water unit and each water collector. The second ball valve is used to control the working status of the water distribution module. The purpose of the second ball valve is to ensure that maintenance can be carried out while other battery packs in the battery rack are charging normally, or to reduce the amount of coolant leaked during maintenance to one battery pack pipeline loop without affecting others. The second ball valve is only closed during maintenance and is always open during operation. A first solenoid valve is installed on the pipeline connecting the water distributor and each battery cooling tank. The first solenoid valve is used to prevent cooling water from flowing back to the water distributor. The first solenoid valve is controlled by an external controller to open and close itself, and then controls the flow of water from the water distributor to the battery cooling tank through its own opening and closing. A third ball valve 7 is installed on the pipeline connecting each battery cooling tank and the water collector. The third ball valve is used to prevent cooling water from flowing back to the battery cooling tank and also controls the flow of water from the battery cooling tank to the water collector.

[0050] Implementing this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] 1. This invention employs a water distributor and a water collector to form a water circuit for cooling the battery pack, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery pack during charging, improving the charging efficiency of the battery, and preventing the battery from overheating and causing danger during charging.

[0052] Example

[0053] In this embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that battery packs in battery swapping stations are numerous, densely distributed, and widely arranged, resulting in complex cooling water pipe layouts with many branches and overlapping with other electrical components. This makes water pipe layout difficult and on-site assembly time long. The invention provides a water distribution device for a battery cooling system in a battery swapping station, comprising:

[0054] The battery rack 1, the constant temperature water unit 2, and the water distribution module 3 are provided. The water distribution module 3 is installed on the battery rack 1. The constant temperature water unit 2 is connected to the water distribution module 3. The battery rack 1 is provided with a battery cooling tank for placing batteries.

[0055] The water distribution module 3 includes a water distributor 301 and a water collector 302. The inlet of the water distributor 301 is connected to the constant temperature water unit 2, the outlet of the water distributor 301 is connected to the inlet of the battery cooling tank, the inlet of the water collector 302 is connected to the outlet of the battery cooling tank, and the outlet of the water collector 302 is connected to the constant temperature water unit 2.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, there are multiple battery racks 1, and the water distribution module 3 is set up in a one-to-one correspondence with the battery rack 1.

[0057] In one specific embodiment, the output port of the constant temperature water unit 2 is simultaneously connected to the input ports of multiple water distributors 301, and the input port of the constant temperature water unit 2 is simultaneously connected to the output ports of multiple water collectors 302.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, a first ball valve 4 is provided between the constant temperature water unit 2 and the water distributor 301. The first ball valve is used to control the working state of the water distribution module 3, facilitates maintenance, and disconnects from the entire water circulation loop. In case of malfunction or leakage, it can ensure that the batteries in other battery racks can be charged normally. The first ball valve will only be closed when a malfunction occurs for maintenance; it is always open during operation.

[0059] A second ball valve 5 is provided between the constant temperature water unit 2 and the water collector 302. The second ball valve 5 is used to control the working status of the water distribution module 3. The purpose is to ensure that the other battery packs of the battery rack can be repaired while they are charging normally, or that the antifreeze leaked during maintenance is reduced to one battery pack pipeline circuit without affecting others. The second ball valve will only be closed when a fault occurs and maintenance is required. It is always open during operation.

[0060] In one specific embodiment, a first solenoid valve 6 is provided on the pipeline connecting the water distributor 301 and the battery cooling tank. The first solenoid valve 6 is used to prevent cooling water from flowing back to the water distributor 301. The first solenoid valve 6 is also used to control the flow of water from the water distributor 301 to the battery cooling tank.

[0061] A third ball valve 7 is provided on the pipeline connecting the battery cooling tank and the water collector 302. The third ball valve 7 is used to prevent the cooling water from flowing back to the battery cooling tank. The third ball valve 7 is also used to control the flow of water from the battery cooling tank to the water collector 302.

[0062] In one specific embodiment, the first solenoid valve 6 is also electrically connected to an external controller, which is used to control the operating conditions of the first solenoid valve 6.

[0063] In one specific embodiment, there are multiple battery cooling tanks, the number of output ports of the water distributor 301 corresponds one-to-one with the number of battery cooling tanks, and the number of input ports of the water collector 302 corresponds one-to-one with the number of battery cooling tanks.

[0064] In one specific embodiment, the battery rack 1 includes multiple support columns and multiple support planes, the multiple support planes are arranged in parallel, each of the support planes is fixedly connected to the multiple support columns, and the support columns are hollow columnar bodies.

[0065] In one specific embodiment, the hollow cylindrical body is provided with a pipe for water connection, and the pipe is also provided with a first solenoid valve and a third ball valve.

[0066] In one specific implementation, both the water distributor and the water collector are installed on the lowest support surface.

[0067] The aforementioned constant temperature water chiller provides cooling water to the entire water distribution module from its output port. The cooling water flows from the constant temperature water chiller through the distributor to the battery cooling tank. The battery cooling tank can have cooling pipes installed inside, with the batteries placed close to the cooling pipes. The cooling water cools the batteries as it passes through the cooling pipes. The battery cooling tank can also be designed as a double-layer structure, consisting of a battery cooling tank and a battery placement tank. Cooling water enters the battery cooling tank and then flows out to the collector. After passing through the collector, the cooling water flows back to the constant temperature water chiller, which cools the cooling water to a specified temperature and then continues the circulation. In the above process, the constant temperature water chiller can simultaneously provide cooling water to multiple water distribution modules, which are connected in parallel. Multiple battery cooling tanks can be installed between the collector and distributor in each water distribution module. A first ball valve is installed between the constant temperature water chiller and each distributor. The first ball valve is used to control the working status of the water distribution module, facilitate maintenance, and disconnect it from the entire water circulation loop. In case of malfunction or leakage, it can ensure that the batteries in other battery racks can be charged normally. The first ball valve is only closed during maintenance and is always open during operation. A second ball valve is installed between the constant temperature water unit and each water collector. The second ball valve is used to control the working status of the water distribution module. The purpose of the second ball valve is to ensure that maintenance can be carried out while other battery packs in the battery rack are charging normally, or to reduce the amount of coolant leaked during maintenance to one battery pack pipeline loop without affecting others. The second ball valve is only closed during maintenance and is always open during operation. A first solenoid valve is installed on the pipeline connecting the water distributor and each battery cooling tank. The first solenoid valve is used to prevent cooling water from flowing back to the water distributor. The first solenoid valve is controlled by an external controller to open and close itself, and then controls the flow of water from the water distributor to the battery cooling tank through its own opening and closing. A third ball valve 7 is installed on the pipeline connecting each battery cooling tank and the water collector. The third ball valve is used to prevent cooling water from flowing back to the battery cooling tank and also controls the flow of water from the battery cooling tank to the water collector.

[0068] The battery rack consists of multiple support columns and multiple support planes. The support columns are arranged vertically and parallel to each other. The support columns are used to fix the support planes. Multiple battery cooling slots can be set on each support plane. The water distributor and water collector can be integrated on the top support plane or the bottom support plane. The support columns also integrate water channels to complete the above-mentioned cooling water flow.

[0069] Implementing this invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0070] 1. This invention uses a battery placement rack and a water distribution module, integrating the water distribution module's piping into the support frame of the battery placement rack. This saves piping layout space, reduces the difficulty of water circuit layout, and allows for separate arrangement from other circuit components, thus improving safety performance.

[0071] 2. This invention employs a water distributor and a water collector to form a water circuit for cooling the battery pack, thereby reducing the temperature of the battery pack during charging, improving the charging efficiency of the battery, and preventing the battery from overheating and causing danger during charging.

[0072] The above-disclosed embodiments are merely a few preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any equivalent variations made in accordance with the claims of the present invention are still within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water distribution device for a battery cooling system in a battery swapping station, characterized in that, include: The battery rack (1), constant temperature water unit (2) and water distribution module (3) are provided. The water distribution module (3) is installed on the battery rack (1). The constant temperature water unit (2) is connected to the water distribution module (3). The battery rack (1) is provided with a battery cooling tank for placing batteries. The water distribution module (3) includes a water distributor (301) and a water collector (302). The inlet of the water distributor (301) is connected to the constant temperature water unit (2), the outlet of the water distributor (301) is connected to the inlet of the battery cooling tank, the inlet of the water collector (302) is connected to the outlet of the battery cooling tank, and the outlet of the water collector (302) is connected to the constant temperature water unit (2). The output port of the constant temperature water unit (2) is simultaneously connected to the input ports of multiple water distributors (301), and the input port of the constant temperature water unit (2) is simultaneously connected to the output ports of multiple water collectors (302). The battery rack (1) includes multiple support columns and multiple support planes. The multiple support planes are arranged in parallel, and each support plane is fixedly connected to the multiple support columns. The support columns are hollow columnar bodies, and the multiple support columns are arranged vertically in parallel. A pipe for water connection is provided in the hollow columnar body. A first solenoid valve (6) is provided on the pipe connecting the water distributor (301) and the battery cooling tank. The first solenoid valve (6) is used to prevent cooling water from flowing back to the water distributor (301). The first solenoid valve (6) is also used to control the flow of water from the water distributor (301) to the battery cooling tank. A third ball valve (7) is provided on the pipeline connecting the battery cooling tank and the water collector (302). The third ball valve (7) is used to prevent the cooling water from flowing back to the battery cooling tank. The third ball valve (7) is also used to control the flow of water from the battery cooling tank to the water collector (302).

2. The water distribution device for the battery cooling system of the battery swapping station according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple battery racks (1), and the water distribution module (3) is set up one-to-one with the battery rack (1).

3. The water distribution device for the battery cooling system of the battery swapping station according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first ball valve (4) is provided between the constant temperature water unit (2) and the water distributor (301), and the first ball valve (4) is used to control the working status of the water distribution module (3); A second ball valve (5) is provided between the constant temperature water unit (2) and the water collector (302), and the second ball valve (5) is used to control the working status of the water distribution module (3).

4. The water distribution device for the battery cooling system of the battery swapping station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first solenoid valve (6) is also electrically connected to an external controller, which is used to control the operating conditions of the first solenoid valve (6).

5. The water distribution device for the battery cooling system of the battery swapping station according to claim 4, characterized in that, The number of battery cooling tanks is multiple, the number of output ports of the water distributor (301) corresponds one-to-one with the number of battery cooling tanks, and the number of input ports of the water collector (302) corresponds one-to-one with the number of battery cooling tanks.

6. The water distribution device for the battery cooling system of a battery swapping station according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Both the water distributor and the water collector are installed on the lowest support surface.

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