Interlocking slope protection structure for dam wave elimination

Abstract

The interlocking wave-breaking slope protection structure of a dam belongs to the technical field of water conservancy engineering. The surface layer of the interlocking wave-breaking slope protection structure of the present invention is composed of wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure components arranged in a horizontal or vertical interlocking manner. The main wave-breaking cavity and the interlocking wave-breaking cavity of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure constitute a slope wave-breaking cavity group, and the horizontal water passages, vertical water passages and interlocking water passages interconnected therewith together constitute a dam slope wave-breaking and water-falling system. The present invention solves the wave-breaking problem of the dam slope protection structure. The slope wave-breaking cavity group can timely and effectively absorb waves and reduce the height of waves; the slope wave-falling water system can quickly discharge the wave-falling water and introduce it into the lower water body of the wave area of ​​the bank slope, and timely vacate the wave-breaking cavity to prevent the particles on the dam slope from being washed away. The present invention has good wave-breaking effect and is convenient for construction, and can be widely used in the field of slope protection of river embankments and earth-rock dam projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a dam slope protection structure, in particular to a dam wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structure capable of reducing wave scouring, lowering wave climbing height, and rapidly discharging wave return water and introducing it into the lower water body in the wave area of ​​the bank slope, belonging to the technical field of water conservancy engineering. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of the flood prevention and disaster reduction system, levee and reservoir projects are barriers to flood protection areas, and flood control reservoirs have the function of reducing flood peaks. In order to prevent the soil slope of the dam from being eroded and to play a normal flood prevention role, it is necessary to use certain engineering measures to protect the slope soil, and a safe and effective slope structure is crucial. Commonly used slope protection structures for water-facing slopes include mortar-stone slope protection, cast-in-place concrete slope protection, reinforced concrete slope protection, etc., which are used to prevent the loss of soil particles on the dam slope due to water erosion; in order to adapt to the deformation of the building, a certain amount of deformation joints need to be set, and the seam material has the problem of being washed away under the action of waves.

[0003] Chinese Patent 201410742750.6 A wave-breaking slope protection structure and its construction method, using the regular dislocation and depression formed by the special-shaped blocks to increase the roughness of the slope surface, so as to consume the energy carried by the waves, reduce the wave climbing height, and reduce the impact of the waves on the dam surface; the structure does not consider the water relief channel in the concave surface, and due to the presence of water in the concave surface, the actual effect is limited. Chinese Patent 200910059579.8 A self-locking wave-breaking vegetation ecological slope protection component with a drawdown belt, which drains water through the seepage type pavement structure formed by the seepage air holes, has limited actual drainage capacity. For the soil in the planting hole of the component, the slope surface still has the problem of soil loss under the action of waves. Chinese Patent 201910133035.5 An ecological slope protection with wave-breaking function, which drains water through the water filter holes of the planting pot, does not solve the timeliness and effectiveness of drainage, and the guardrail spring wave-breaking component has the problem of reliability in use through maintenance. This is the inadequacy of the existing technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a dam wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure that can effectively break waves, reduce wave height, prevent particle washing, and promptly remove slope return water and introduce it into the lower water body of the wave area of ​​the bank slope.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structure of the dam includes a base at the end of the slope protection on the water-facing slope of the dam, a wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structure layer and a wave-breaking wall of the dam; the wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structure layer is composed of a sand and gravel cushion layer and a wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structure surface layer, the sand and gravel cushion layer includes a medium-coarse sand lower cushion layer and a crushed stone upper cushion layer, the wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structure surface layer is composed of wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structure components arranged in a horizontal or vertical interlocking manner; the wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structure surface layer includes a horizontal slope surface fall-back water-passing channel and a vertical slope surface fall-back water-passing channel, the horizontal slope surface fall-back water-passing channel is composed of a main The vertical slope return water channel is composed of a main wave dissipating cavity, a vertical water channel, a chain water channel and a chain wave dissipating cavity; the main wave dissipating cavity and the chain wave dissipating cavity of the wave dissipating chain slope protection structure surface layer constitute a slope wave dissipating cavity group, and the horizontal water channel, the vertical water channel and the chain water channel interconnected therewith together constitute the dam slope wave dissipating and return water system; the bank waves are absorbed by the slope wave dissipating cavity group, and are quickly discharged and introduced into the lower water body of the bank wave area through the slope return water channel, and the wave dissipating cavity is emptied in time to achieve effective wave dissipation.

[0006] The wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structural component is composed of a II-shaped vertical frame, a II-shaped horizontal frame and an I-shaped flat bottom plate, and a main wave-dissipating cavity is formed by the II-shaped vertical frame, the II-shaped horizontal frame and the I-shaped flat bottom plate in the middle of the wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structural component; a water-passing channel is provided at the junction of the II-shaped vertical frame, the II-shaped horizontal frame and the I-shaped flat bottom plate of the wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structural component, and the water-passing channel includes a horizontal water-passing channel and a vertical water-passing channel; an interlocking wave-dissipating cavity and an interlocking water-passing channel are formed due to interlocking between the II-shaped vertical frames of two adjacent wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structural components; the main wave-dissipating cavity is directly connected with the horizontal water-passing channel and the vertical water-passing channel, and the interlocking wave-dissipating cavity is directly connected with the horizontal water-passing channel and the interlocking water-passing channel.

[0007] The surface layer of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure is paved regularly by positioning and assembling corner columns at the interlocking corners of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure components, and the positioning and assembling corner columns are L-shaped.

[0008] The material of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural components is preferably high-density crushed stone concrete.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length×width×thickness of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural member is 450mm×300mm×(250±50))mm, and the mass of a single member is 70±10kg; the thickness of the II-shaped vertical frame is 1 / 3 of the length of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural member, the thickness of the II-shaped horizontal frame is 1 / 3 of the width of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural member, the thickness of the I-shaped flat bottom plate of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural member is 125±25mm, and the diameter of the water passage is 50-75mm. The thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer and the sand cushion layer are preferably 125±25mm.

[0010] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0011] 1. The mechanism of wave action on the bank slope is: after the wave breaks on the bank slope, an incident water flow is formed, and the water particles impact the bank slope in the form of a jet, forming an upward water flow on the slope surface; the bank slope particles become loose or displaced under the action of the wave pressure acting on the slope surface and the buoyancy of the water in the gaps between the particles. When the waves fall back, a downward slope flow is formed along the slope surface, and the bank slope particles are carried away by the dragging force acting downward on the bank slope surface, gravity, and the negative dynamic water pressure of the water body in the particle gaps. In view of the wave scouring and erosion mechanism, the present invention adopts a slope wave breaking cavity group composed of a main wave breaking cavity and an interlocking wave breaking cavity, and the horizontal water passages, vertical water passages and interlocking water passages interconnected therewith, which together constitute the slope wave breaking and falling water system of the wave breaking interlocking slope protection structure. The technical solution of the invention effectively solves the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0012] 2. The slope wave-breaking cavity group composed of the main wave-breaking cavity and the interlocking wave-breaking cavity adopted by the present invention can timely and effectively absorb waves, reduce the wave climbing height, and reduce the impact of waves on the dam surface. The structural form of this new type of slope wave-breaking cavity group is a main feature of the present invention.

[0013] 3. The slope wave return water system composed of the transverse slope return water passage and the vertical slope return water passage adopted by the present invention can quickly discharge the wave return water and introduce it into the lower water body of the bank slope wave area, timely vacate the wave elimination cavity, prevent the dam slope particles from being washed away, and at the same time provide available space for the wave elimination cavity to effectively eliminate subsequent waves. The structural form of this new slope wave return water system is another main feature of the present invention.

[0014] 4. The wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure of the present invention adopts a single component design, and the mass of a single component is 70±10kg, which is conducive to transportation, construction, maintenance and repair; the use of L-shaped positioning and assembly corner columns ensures that the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure is paved neatly and beautifully, and adapts to the deformation needs of the slope protection structure.

[0015] 5. The wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure of the present invention completely solves the defects of the existing embankment slope protection methods, can be widely used in the field of river embankment and earth-rock dam engineering slope protection, can significantly improve the effectiveness and safety of slope protection projects, and is of great significance in flood control and disaster reduction and engineering benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the dam wave-breaking interlocking slope protection components arranged horizontally on the dam slope surface;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the dam wave-breaking interlocking slope protection components arranged vertically on the dam slope surface;

[0018] Figure 3 It is the AA section view of the dam wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure arranged horizontally;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a plan view of the structural components of the dam's wave-breaking interlocking slope protection;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a partial schematic diagram of the M position of the wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structural components of the dam;

[0021] Figure 6 It is the BB section view of the structural components of the dam wave dissipation interlocking slope protection;

[0022] Figure 7 It is the CC section view of the structural components of the dam wave dissipation interlocking slope protection;

[0023] Figure 8 It is an axonometric drawing of the structural components of the dam's wave-breaking interlocking slope protection;

[0024] Fig. 9 It is the CC section axonometric drawing of the structural components of the dam wave dissipation interlocking slope protection;

[0025] Fig.10 It is the BB section axonometric drawing of the structural components of the dam wave dissipation interlocking slope protection;

[0026] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional axonometric drawing of the dam wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural member with 1 / 4 cut off;

[0027] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the wave-breaking principle of the interlocking slope protection structure of the dam;

[0028] Fig.13 It is the AA section view of the wave-breaking principle of the dam wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure.

[0029] In the figure: 1. base, 2. wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure, 3. wave-breaking wall, 4. wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure surface layer, 5. horizontal water passage, 6. vertical water passage, 7. main wave-breaking cavity, 8. I-shaped flat bottom plate, 9. gravel cushion layer, 10. II-shaped vertical frame, 11. interlocking wave-breaking cavity, 12. II-shaped horizontal frame, 13. interlocking water passage, 15. interlocking angle, 16. positioning assembly corner column, 17. net water level, 18. Fengyong water level, 19. wave line, 20. wave dam slope climbing, 21. wave-breaking line, 22. horizontal fall water passage, 23. vertical fall water passage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] like Figure 4 , 8 As shown in FIG. 1 , the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural component can be used on the dam slope as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, they are arranged horizontally to form the structural surface layer, or they can be arranged horizontally to form the structural surface layer. Figure 2 The present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural components are arranged horizontally to form a structural surface layer.

[0031] like Figure 1 , 3 , 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13, the wave-eliminating interlocking slope protection structure of the dam includes a base 1 at the end of the slope protection on the water-facing slope of the dam, a wave-eliminating interlocking slope protection structure layer 2, and a wave-breaking wall 3 of the dam; the wave-eliminating interlocking slope protection structure layer 2 is composed of a sand and gravel cushion layer 2 and a wave-eliminating interlocking slope protection structure surface layer 4, the sand and gravel cushion layer 2 includes a lower cushion layer of medium-coarse sand and an upper cushion layer of crushed stone, the wave-eliminating interlocking slope protection structure surface layer 4 is composed of wave-eliminating interlocking slope protection structure components arranged in a horizontal or vertical chain; the wave-eliminating interlocking slope protection structure surface layer 4 includes a horizontal slope surface fall-back water passage 22 and a vertical slope surface fall-back water passage 23, the horizontal slope surface fall-back water passage 24 is composed of a wave-eliminating interlocking slope protection structure component ... The water channel 22 is composed of a main wave-breaking cavity 7, a transverse water passage 5 and an interlocking wave-breaking cavity 11, and the vertical slope return water passage 23 is composed of a main wave-breaking cavity 7, a vertical water passage 6, an interlocking water passage 13 and an interlocking wave-breaking cavity 11; the main wave-breaking cavity 7 and the interlocking wave-breaking cavity 11 of the surface layer of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure constitute a slope wave-breaking cavity group, and the transverse water passage 5, the vertical water passage 6 and the interlocking water passage 13 interconnected therewith together constitute a dam slope wave-breaking and return water system; the bank waves are absorbed by the slope wave-breaking cavity group, and are quickly discharged and introduced into the lower water body of the bank wave area through the slope return water passage, and the wave-breaking cavity is vacated in time to achieve effective wave elimination.

[0032] The wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structural component is composed of a II-shaped vertical frame 10, a II-shaped horizontal frame 12 and an I-shaped flat bottom plate 8, and the middle of the wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structural component is surrounded by a main wave-dissipating cavity 7 formed by the II-shaped vertical frame 10, the II-shaped horizontal frame 12 and the I-shaped flat bottom plate 8; the II-shaped vertical frame 10 and the II-shaped horizontal frame 12 of the wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structural component are provided with water passages at the junction of the lower part of the I-shaped flat bottom plate 8, and the water passages include a horizontal water passage 5 and a vertical water passage 6; there are interlocking wave-dissipating cavities 11 and interlocking water passages 13 formed due to interlocking between the II-shaped vertical frames 10 of two adjacent wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structural components; the main wave-dissipating cavity 7 is directly connected to the horizontal water passage 5 and the vertical water passage 6; the interlocking wave-dissipating cavity 11 is directly connected to the horizontal water passage 5 and the interlocking water passage 13.

[0033] The surface layer 4 of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure is paved neatly by positioning and assembling corner columns 16 at the interlocking corners 15 of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure components, and the positioning and assembling corner columns are L-shaped.

[0034] The working principle of the present invention is:

[0035] See also Fig.12 , 13 As shown, when the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure is not adopted on the water-facing slope of the dam, under the action of wind and waves, the water level in front of the dam changes from the net water level 17 to the Fengyong water level 18, and the wave line 19 formed is broken on the water-facing slope of the dam to form an incident water flow, and the water particles impact the bank slope in the form of a jet, forming an upward water flow on the slope surface, reaching the wave dam slope climbing height 20. After adopting the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure, the upward water flow of waves on the water-facing slope of the dam is blocked, and is directly absorbed into the slope wave-breaking cavity group composed of the main wave-breaking cavity 7 and the interlocking wave-breaking cavity 11 in the form of a wave-breaking line 21; at the same time, the flow direction of the slope return water along the slope is also changed, and the slope wave return water system composed of the transverse slope flow water channel 22 and the vertical slope return water channel 23 is quickly discharged and introduced into the lower water body of the bank slope wave area, and the wave-breaking cavity is vacated in time, providing available space for the wave-breaking cavity to effectively eliminate subsequent waves. The I-shaped flat bottom plate 8 and the slope return water passage of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural component effectively protect the dam slope and prevent the dam slope particles from being washed away and eroded.

[0036] The above contents are further explanations of the present invention in combination with specific implementation methods, and it cannot be determined that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art of the present invention, without departing from the concept of the present invention, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made, which should be regarded as falling within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dam wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure, comprising a base at the end of the slope protection on the water-facing slope of the dam, a wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure layer and a dam wave-breaking wall; the characteristics are: The wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure layer is composed of a sand and gravel cushion layer and a wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure surface layer, and the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure surface layer is composed of wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure components arranged in a horizontal or vertical interlocking manner; the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure surface layer includes a horizontal slope surface fall-back water passage and a vertical slope surface fall-back water passage, and the horizontal slope surface fall-back water passage is composed of a main wave-breaking cavity, a horizontal water passage and an interlocking wave-breaking cavity, and the vertical slope surface fall-back water passage is composed of a main wave-breaking cavity, a vertical water passage , interlocking water passages and interlocking wave-breaking cavities; the main wave-breaking cavity and interlocking wave-breaking cavities of the surface layer of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure constitute a slope wave-breaking cavity group, and the horizontal water passages, vertical water passages and interlocking water passages interconnected therewith together constitute the dam slope wave-breaking and water-falling system; the bank slope waves are absorbed by the slope wave-breaking cavity group, and are quickly discharged and introduced into the lower water body of the bank slope wave area through the slope water-falling channel, and the wave-breaking cavity is vacated in time to achieve effective wave elimination; the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure components are composed of Font vertical frame, The wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure consists of an I-shaped horizontal frame and an I-shaped flat bottom plate; Font vertical frame, The main wave-breaking cavity is formed by the I-shaped horizontal frame and the I-shaped flat bottom plate; the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural components Font vertical frame, There is a water passage at the junction of the I-shaped horizontal frame and the I-shaped flat bottom plate, and the water passage includes a horizontal water passage and a vertical water passage; There are interlocking wave-breaking cavities and interlocking water-passing channels formed by interlocking between the vertical frames of the Chinese character; the main wave-breaking cavity is directly connected with the horizontal water-passing channel and the vertical water-passing channel; the interlocking wave-breaking cavity is directly connected with the horizontal water-passing channel and the interlocking water-passing channel.

2. The interlocking slope protection structure for dam wave elimination according to claim 1 is characterized by: The surface layer of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure is paved regularly by positioning and assembling corner columns at the interlocking corners of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure components, and the positioning and assembling corner columns are L-shaped.

3. The interlocking slope protection structure for dam wave elimination according to claim 1 is characterized by: The material of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural components is high-density crushed stone concrete.

4. The dam wave-dissipating interlocking slope protection structure according to claim 1 is characterized by: The thickness of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural component is 250±50mm, and the mass of a single component is 70±10kg; The thickness of the vertical frame is 1 / 3 of the length of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structure member. The thickness of the I-shaped horizontal frame is 1 / 3 of the width of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural component, the thickness of the I-shaped flat bottom plate of the wave-breaking interlocking slope protection structural component is 125±25mm, and the diameter of the water passage is 50-75mm.

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