Electronic device

Abstract

The application discloses an electronic device. The electronic device comprises a first antenna, a third antenna and a second antenna arranged in sequence; the first antenna and the second antenna are used for working on a first frequency band, and the third antenna is used for working on a second frequency band; the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band; the distance between the first antenna and the second antenna is greater than a preset distance, wherein the preset distance is determined according to the lowest frequency point in the first frequency band. In the application, the distance between the first antenna and the second antenna is greater than the preset distance determined according to the lowest frequency point in the same working frequency band, so that the isolation between the first antenna and the second antenna can meet the requirements; meanwhile, the third antenna working on a different frequency band is arranged between the first antenna and the second antenna working on the same frequency band, so that the isolation between the three antennas can meet the requirements in the limited space of the electronic device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Antenna isolation refers to the ratio of the power of the signal transmitted by one antenna to the power of the signal received by another antenna. Antenna isolation depends on factors such as the antenna radiation pattern, the spatial distance between antennas, and antenna gain. If the isolation between antennas in an electronic device does not meet requirements, it will affect the communication quality of the electronic device.

[0003] With the development of mobile communication technology, the number of antennas installed in electronic devices is increasing in order to provide users with more diverse communication services. However, placing multiple antennas in size-constrained electronic devices leads to strong mutual coupling between the antenna elements due to the increased number of antennas and the reduced spacing between them. This mutual coupling not only reduces the isolation between antenna elements, making it unacceptable and affecting communication quality, but also reduces antenna efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect in the prior art that the isolation between antennas cannot meet the requirements when setting multiple antennas in size-constrained electronic devices, and to provide an electronic device.

[0005] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0006] The present invention provides an electronic device, comprising a first antenna, a third antenna, and a second antenna arranged sequentially.

[0007] The first antenna and the second antenna are both used to operate in a first frequency band, and the third antenna is used to operate in a second frequency band; wherein, the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band;

[0008] The distance between the first antenna and the second antenna is greater than a preset distance, wherein the preset distance is determined based on the lowest frequency point in the first frequency band.

[0009] Optionally, the preset distance is greater than or equal to the ratio of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency point in the first frequency band to 2π.

[0010] Optionally, the electronic device further includes a circuit board and a first matching component, a second matching component, a third matching component, a first antenna interface, a second antenna interface, a first radio frequency module, and a second radio frequency module disposed on the circuit board; the first radio frequency module is disposed near the first antenna and the third antenna, and the second radio frequency module is disposed near the second antenna;

[0011] The first port of the first radio frequency module is connected sequentially through the first matching component, the first antenna interface and the first antenna;

[0012] The second port of the first radio frequency module is connected in sequence through the second matching component, the second antenna interface and the second antenna;

[0013] The second radio frequency module is connected to the third antenna in sequence through the third matching component.

[0014] Optionally, the electronic device further includes a third antenna interface disposed on the circuit board, and the third matching component is connected to the third antenna through the third antenna interface.

[0015] Optionally, the first matching component, the second matching component, the third matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, the first radio frequency module, and the second radio frequency module are all located on the same layer of the circuit board; the radio frequency link between the second radio frequency module and the third antenna and the radio frequency link between the first radio frequency module and the second antenna intersect;

[0016] The second antenna interface and the third antenna interface are of the same type, but different from the type of the first antenna interface.

[0017] Optionally, if the first frequency band is greater than the second frequency band, then the radio frequency link between the second radio frequency module and the third antenna is longer than the radio frequency link between the first radio frequency module and the second antenna.

[0018] Optionally, if the first frequency band is less than the second frequency band, then the RF link between the first RF module and the second antenna is longer than the RF link between the second RF module and the third antenna.

[0019] Optionally, the first matching component, the second matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the first radio frequency module are disposed on the top layer of the circuit board, and the third matching component, the third antenna interface, and the second radio frequency module are disposed on the bottom layer of the circuit board;

[0020] The first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the third antenna interface are all of the same type.

[0021] Optionally, the first matching component, the second matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the first radio frequency module are disposed on the bottom layer of the circuit board, and the third matching component, the third antenna interface, and the second radio frequency module are disposed on the top layer of the circuit board. The first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the third antenna interface are all of the same type.

[0022] Optionally, the third matching component is connected to the first pad, and a grounded second pad is provided around the first pad;

[0023] The radio frequency line in the antenna cable of the third antenna is connected to the first pad, and the ground line in the antenna cable of the third antenna is connected to the second pad.

[0024] Optionally, the electronic device further includes a fourth antenna disposed near the second antenna, wherein the first antenna, the third antenna, the second antenna and the fourth antenna are disposed sequentially, and the fourth antenna is used to operate on a third frequency band, wherein the third frequency band is different from the first frequency band and is greater than the second frequency band;

[0025] The electronic device further includes a circuit board and a first matching component, a second matching component, a third matching component, a fourth matching component, a first antenna interface, a second antenna interface, a third antenna interface, a fourth antenna interface, a first radio frequency module, a second radio frequency module, and a third radio frequency module disposed on the circuit board;

[0026] The first radio frequency module is located near the first antenna and the third antenna, the second radio frequency module is located near the second antenna, and the third radio frequency module is located near the fourth antenna;

[0027] The first port of the first radio frequency module is connected sequentially through the first matching component, the first antenna interface and the first antenna;

[0028] The second port of the first radio frequency module is connected in sequence through the second matching component, the second antenna interface and the second antenna;

[0029] The third radio frequency module is connected sequentially through the third matching component, the third antenna interface and the third antenna;

[0030] The second radio frequency module is connected in sequence through the fourth matching component, the fourth antenna interface and the fourth antenna.

[0031] Optionally, the first matching component, the second matching component, the third matching component, the fourth matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, the fourth antenna interface, the first radio frequency module, the second radio frequency module, and the third radio frequency module are all disposed on the same layer of the circuit board; the radio frequency link between the third radio frequency module and the third antenna intersects with the radio frequency link between the first radio frequency module and the second antenna, and the radio frequency link between the second radio frequency module and the fourth antenna, respectively;

[0032] The second antenna interface and the third antenna interface are both of type 1, and the first antenna interface and the fourth antenna interface are both of type 2, and the first type is different from the second type.

[0033] Optionally, the radio frequency link between the third radio frequency module and the third antenna is longer than the radio frequency link between the second radio frequency module and the fourth antenna.

[0034] Optionally, the first matching component, the second matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the first radio frequency module are disposed on the top layer of the circuit board, and the third matching component, the third antenna interface, the fourth matching component, the fourth antenna interface, the second radio frequency module, and the third radio frequency module are disposed on the bottom layer of the circuit board; the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, and the fourth antenna interface are all of the same type.

[0035] Optionally, the first matching component, the second matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the first radio frequency module are disposed on the bottom layer of the circuit board, and the third matching component, the third antenna interface, the fourth matching component, the fourth antenna interface, the second radio frequency module, and the third radio frequency module are disposed on the top layer of the circuit board; the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, and the fourth antenna interface are all of the same type.

[0036] Optionally, the first antenna is an LTE (Long Term Evolution) main antenna, and the second antenna is an LTE diversity antenna.

[0037] Based on common knowledge in the field, the above optional conditions can be combined arbitrarily to obtain various preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0038] The positive and progressive effects of this invention are as follows: In an electronic device including at least three antennas, the distance between the first antenna and the second antenna is greater than a preset distance determined based on the lowest frequency point in the same operating frequency band, i.e., the first frequency band. Therefore, the isolation requirement of the lowest frequency point can be met. On this basis, the first antenna and the second antenna will not affect each other when transmitting or receiving signals of any frequency in the first frequency band. At the same time, by setting a third antenna operating in a different frequency band between the first antenna and the second antenna operating in the same frequency band, the isolation requirement between the three antennas can be met within the limited space of the electronic device. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a top view of the PCB layout and external antenna in an industrial router.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a top view of the PCB layout and external antenna in another type of industrial router.

[0041] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna transmitting and receiving wireless signals.

[0042] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna transmitting and receiving wireless signals.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic field generated by an external dipole antenna.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a top view of the PCB layout and external antenna in an industrial router provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A partial top view of the RF traces, vias, and via layer swapping of the LTE mainframe and the RF traces of 5G Wi-Fi on the TOP layer.

[0046] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Partial cross-sectional views of the RF traces, vias, and via layer swaps of the LTE mainframe and the RF traces of 5G Wi-Fi on different layers.

[0047] Figure 9 This is a top view of the PCB layout and external antenna in another industrial router provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 10This is a cross-sectional view of an antenna matching assembly in a PCB board provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, which extends from the IPEX female connector, IPEX male connector, and antenna cable fixed to the housing to the external antenna.

[0049] Figure 11 This is a top view of the PCB layout and external antenna in an industrial router provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the RF chip in the PCB board provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention, which is connected to the external antenna via the SMA-KWE female connector, the SMA-KWE male connector, and the antenna cable.

[0051] Figure 13 This is another cross-sectional view of the antenna matching assembly in the PCB board provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention, which extends to the external antenna via the SMA-KWE female connector, the SMA-KWE male connector, and the antenna cable.

[0052] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the antenna matching assembly in the PCB board provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention, from the SMA-KY female connector, SMA-KY male connector, and antenna cable fixed to the housing to the external antenna.

[0053] Figure 15 This is a partial disassembly diagram of the SMA-KY female connector and metal casing provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the antenna matching assembly in the PCB board provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention, from the IPEX female connector, IPEX male connector, and antenna cable fixed to the housing to the external antenna.

[0055] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the antenna cable and the PCB board provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent model of the transmission line provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the isolation test data between the LTE main antenna and the LTE diversity antenna provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) test of a 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the return loss test of a 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna provided in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0060] The present invention will be further illustrated by way of embodiments below, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein.

[0061] The electronic devices involved in this invention may specifically include communication devices or network devices, such as industrial routers and switches, and may also include medical devices, vehicle-mounted devices, industrial equipment, mining equipment, etc. The following is a detailed description using an industrial router as an example. An industrial router is a durable device used to connect two or more networks, capable of transmitting signals only to the required ports, and providing wireless data transmission functionality to users using a public wireless network.

[0062] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the layout of a PCB board and the structure of an external antenna in an industrial router. In a specific example, such as... Figure 1 The industrial router shown has a built-in 2.4G Wi-Fi chip, a 5G Wi-Fi chip, and an LTE / GPS module. Externally, it has two 2.4G Wi-Fi antennas, one 5G Wi-Fi antenna, one LTE main antenna, one LTE diversity antenna, and one GPS antenna. Following standard industrial router assembly, these six external antennas are mounted vertically to six SMA-KWE mounts on the rear side of the router, and all six external antennas are vertically polarized.

[0063] The LTE main antenna is responsible for transmitting and receiving LTE radio frequency signals, while the LTE diversity antenna is only responsible for receiving LTE radio frequency signals and not for transmitting them.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, the industrial router 88 includes a metal casing 85 and a PCB board 86 disposed within the metal casing 85. The PCB board 86 houses components such as a network port connector 68, a network port transformer 67, a power supply module 66, a 2.4G Wi-Fi chip 26, a DDR (Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Memory) chip 25, an FEM (RF Front-End Module) chip 19, an FEM chip 20, an FEM chip 21, and an LTE / GPS module 29. The 2.4G Wi-Fi antennas 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, and 75 are respectively fixed to the metal casing 85 via SMA-KWE connectors 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.

[0065] The 2.4G Wi-Fi chip 26 and the DDR chip 25 form a small CPU system. Two 2.4G RF signal traces are led out from the 2.4G Wi-Fi chip 26: one 2.4G RF signal trace 22 is sent to the FEM chip 19 for amplification, then to the matching component 36 via the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 105, and then to the antenna matching component 6 via the matching component 36 via the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 13, and then to the antenna matching component 6 via the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 30, and then to the SMA-KWE connector 1, which is directly electrically connected to the radiator 60 of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 via the internal antenna cable 50; the other 2.4G RF signal trace 23 is sent to the FEM chip 20 for amplification, then to the matching component 37 via the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 104, and then to the antenna matching component 7 via the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 14, and then to the antenna matching component 7 via the antenna matching component 7 via the 2.4G RF trace 2.4G RF signal 36. The Wi-Fi radio frequency trace 31 leads to the SMA-KWE connector 2, and is directly electrically connected to the radiator 61 of the external 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 via the internal antenna cable 61.

[0066] The 5G Wi-Fi chip 28 communicates with the 2.4G Wi-Fi chip 26 via PICE differential line 27. A 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 24 is led out from the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, amplified by the FEM chip 21, and then a 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 103 is led out. A 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 is led out through the matching component 38 to the antenna matching component 8. A 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 32 is then led out from the matching component 8 to the SMA-KWE connector 3, and directly electrically connected to the radiator 62 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 via the internal antenna cable 52. The power module 66 generates various voltages, such as 1.8V and 3.3V, and supplies them to the various functional circuits on the board. The network connector 68 connects to the external network cable, and the network connector 68 and the network transformer 67 are connected via differential line 78. The 2.4G Wi-Fi chip 26 is connected to the network transformer 67 via differential line 77.

[0067] The LTE / GPS module 29 integrates LTE and GPS functions. From port a of the LTE / GPS module 29, the RF trace 102 of the LTE main unit is led to the matching component 39. From the matching component 39, the RF trace 16 of the LTE main unit is led to the antenna matching component 9. From the antenna matching component 9, the RF trace 333 of the LTE main unit is led to the SMA-KWE connector 4, and then directly electrically connected to the radiator 63 of the external LTE main unit antenna 73 via the internal antenna cable 53. From port b of the LTE / GPS module 29, the RF trace 101 of the GPS is led to the matching component 40. From the matching component 40, the RF trace 17 of the GPS is led to the antenna matching component 1. 1. The RF line 34 of GPS is led out from the antenna matching component 11 and sent to the SMA-KWE socket 5. It is directly electrically connected to the radiator 64 of the GPS antenna 74 via the internal antenna cable 54. The RF line 100 of LTE diversity is led out from the c port of the LTE / GPS module 29 to the matching component 41. The RF line 18 of LTE diversity is led out from the matching component 41 and sent to the antenna matching component 12. The RF line 35 of LTE diversity is led out from the antenna matching component 12 and sent to the SMA-KWE socket 92. It is directly electrically connected to the radiator 65 of the LTE diversity antenna 75 via the internal antenna cable 55.

[0068] The distance L1 between the LTE diversity antenna 75 and the GPS antenna 74 is 20mm, which means the center-to-center distance between SMA-KWE connector 92 and SMA-KWE connector 5 on the PCB board 86 is 20mm. The distance L7 between the LTE main antenna 73 and the GPS antenna 74 is 20mm, which means the center-to-center distance between SMA-KWE connector 4 and SMA-KWE connector 5 on the PCB board 86 is 20mm. The distance L4 between the LTE main antenna 73 and the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is 60mm, which means the center-to-center distance between SMA-KWE connector 4 and SMA-KWE connector 3 on the PCB board 86 is 60mm. The distance L2 between the LTE diversity antenna 75 and the LTE main antenna 73 is 40mm, meaning the center-to-center distance between SMA-KWE connector 92 and SMA-KWE connector 4 on the PCB board 86 is 40mm. The distance L5 between the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 and the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is 20mm, meaning the center-to-center distance between SMA-KWE connector 2 and SMA-KWE connector 3 on the PCB board 86 is 20mm. The distance L6 between the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 is 20mm, meaning the center-to-center distance between SMA-KWE connector 1 and SMA-KWE connector 2 on the PCB board 86 is 20mm. It should be noted that the above center-to-center distances can also be called center-to-center spacing or center-to-center distance, referring to the marked distance between the centers of any two objects on the board surface.

[0069] The distance L1 between the LTE main antenna 73 and the GPS antenna 74 is 20mm; the distance L2 between the LTE diversity antenna 75 and the GPS antenna 74 is 20mm; the distance between the LTE diversity antenna 75 and the LTE main antenna 73 is 40mm; the distance between the LTE main antenna 73 and the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is 60mm; the distance between the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is 20mm; and the distance between the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is 20mm.

[0070] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the PCB layout and external antenna structure of another type of industrial router. In another specific example, such as... Figure 2 The industrial router shown has a built-in 2.4G Wi-Fi chip and an LTE / GPS module, and externally has one 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna, one LTE main antenna, and one LTE diversity antenna. According to the standard industrial router assembly scheme, these three external antennas are all mounted vertically to the horizontal plane on three SMA-KWE sockets on the rear side of the industrial router, and all three external antennas are vertically polarized.

[0071] exist Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the industrial router shown, when the LTE main antenna and LTE diversity antenna are vertically polarized, there is no impact when operating in the high-frequency band, but the impact is significant when operating in the low-frequency band, resulting in a noticeable decrease in receive sensitivity data. This indicates that there is co-channel interference between the LTE main antenna and LTE diversity antenna when operating in the low-frequency band, i.e., insufficient isolation, leading to a deviation in receive sensitivity data in the 700MHz-880MHz range. To solve the above technical problem, this invention proposes a solution that can ensure the required isolation between multiple antennas in an electronic device with limited space.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] This embodiment provides an electronic device, including a first antenna, a third antenna, and a second antenna arranged sequentially, i.e., the third antenna is disposed between the first antenna and the second antenna. The first antenna and the second antenna are both used to operate in a first frequency band, and the third antenna is used to operate in a second frequency band; wherein the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band.

[0074] Specifically, the first and second antennas operate on the same frequency band, while the third antenna operates on a different frequency band than either the first or second antenna. In a specific example, the first antenna is an LTE main antenna, the second antenna is an LTE diversity antenna, and the third antenna is either a 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna or a 5G Wi-Fi antenna.

[0075] The distance between the first antenna and the second antenna is greater than a preset distance, wherein the preset distance is determined based on the lowest frequency point in the first frequency band.

[0076] In the electronic device including at least three antennas provided in this embodiment, the distance between the first antenna and the second antenna is greater than the preset distance determined according to the lowest frequency point in the same operating frequency band, i.e., the first frequency band. Therefore, the isolation requirement of the lowest frequency point can be met. On this basis, the first antenna and the second antenna will not affect each other when transmitting or receiving signals of any frequency in the first frequency band. At the same time, by setting a third antenna operating in a different frequency band between the first antenna and the second antenna operating in the same frequency band, the isolation requirement between the three antennas can be met within the limited space of the electronic device.

[0077] In one optional implementation, the preset distance is greater than or equal to the ratio of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency point in the first frequency band to 2π, i.e., greater than or equal to λ / 2π. Here, a distance less than λ / 2π represents the near-field range of the antenna, where the electric and magnetic fields are strongest. In other words, if the distance between antennas operating in the same frequency band is within the near-field range, their transmission and reception will be affected, thus impacting their isolation. In this implementation, setting the distance between the first and second antennas operating in the same frequency band to be greater than the preset distance, i.e., outside the near-field range of the antennas, ensures that the isolation between the first and second antennas meets the requirements.

[0078] Figure 3 For showing Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 transmitting wireless signals and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 receiving wireless signals. Figure 3 As shown, when the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 transmits wireless signal B1, the positive element K1 to the negative element K2 generate displacement current i1 (that is, generate pulse electric field), and at this time the positive element K3 to the negative element K4 of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 receive wireless signal A1. Figure 4 For showing Figure 1 The diagram illustrates how the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 transmits wireless signals and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 receives wireless signals. Figure 4As shown, when the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 transmits wireless signal B2, the positive element K3 to the negative element K4 generate displacement current i2 (that is, generate pulse electric field), and at this time the positive element K1 to the negative element K2 of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 receives wireless signal A2.

[0079] Since the 2.4G Wi-Fi antennas 70 and 71 are adjacent, and both operate in the 2.4GHz to 2.5GHz frequency band (center frequency 2.45GHz), there is a risk of co-channel interference if they are both perpendicular to the ground plane and closely spaced. Taking the 2.4GHz operating frequency as an example, when the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 transmits a 2.4GHz wireless signal B1, the adjacent 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 receives an external 2.4GHz wireless signal A1. The 2.4GHz wireless signal B1 transmitted by the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 will couple into the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71. Assuming wireless signal A1 is a useful and highly sensitive signal, and wireless signal B1 is a useless interference signal with high power. The wireless signals A1 and B1 received by the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 are amplified by the low-noise amplifier in the FEM chip 20 and then sent to the 2.4G Wi-Fi chip 26. The amplitude of the useless interference signal B1 exceeds the amplitude of the useful and very sensitive signal A1. This will cause the 2.4G Wi-Fi chip 26 to be unable to properly demodulate the wireless signal A1, resulting in the inability to accurately receive the wireless signal A1.

[0080] Radio waves can also be called electromagnetic waves, therefore radio waves contain electric and magnetic fields, originating from a transmitter (e.g., Figure 1 The 2.4G Wi-Fi chip 26 in the middle), via an antenna (e.g. Figure 1 The signals emitted by the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70, 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71, 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72, LTE main antenna 73, LTE diversity antenna 75, etc. generate electric and magnetic fields. The antenna is a converter and interface for signals to free space. Therefore, the characteristics of the electromagnetic field of the antenna depend on the distance between the antenna and the field. The variable electromagnetic field is usually divided into two parts: near field and far field. Figure 5 This diagram illustrates the electromagnetic field generated by an external dipole antenna. The signal relayed by the dipole antenna is modulated into a sine wave, and the voltage changes polarity, thus generating an electric field between the antenna's components. The polarity changes once every half cycle. The displacement current (i.e., the pulsed electric field) of the dipole antenna generates a magnetic field, the direction of which changes once every half cycle. The electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other.

[0081] Table 1. Global Wi-Fi Frequency Points and Bands Comparison Table

[0082]

[0083] For two adjacent external antennas, the lower the operating frequency and the longer the wavelength, the greater the required distance between the antennas to ensure adequate isolation. Table 1 shows that the lowest operating frequency for a 2.4GHz Wi-Fi antenna is 2.4GHz, and the corresponding wavelength is:

[0084] λ=C / f=300000000 / 2437000000=300 / 2437=0.1231m.

[0085] The formula for calculating the near-field range of the antenna is as follows:

[0086] λ / 2π=0.159λ=0.159×0.1231m=0.0195729m=19.5729mm.

[0087] The electric and magnetic fields are strongest in the near-field range of the antenna. This means that if the distance between the 2.4G Wi-Fi antennas 70 and 71 is less than 19.5729 mm, their transmission and reception will be affected. Figure 1 In the industrial router shown, the distance L6 between the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 is 20mm, which is greater than 19.5729mm. Therefore, when the two 2.4G Wi-Fi antennas work at the same time, the isolation between them will not be affected, which can prevent the 2.4GHz wireless signal B1 emitted by the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 from coupling into the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71.

[0088] As can be seen from Table 2, in LTE FDD mode, the lowest operating frequency corresponding to B12 is 729MHz; in LTE TDD mode, the lowest operating frequency corresponding to B44 is 703MHz; and in LTE TDD mode, the highest operating frequency corresponding to B43 is 3800MHz.

[0089] Table 2 Global LTE Frequency Points and Bands Comparison Table

[0090] frequency band downlink band Dual mode B1 2110MHz-2170MHz FDD B2 1930MHz-1990MHz FDD B3 1805MHz-1880MHz FDD …… …… …… B11 1475.9MHz-1495.9MHz FDD B12 729MHz-746MHz FDD B13 746MHz-756MHz FDD …… …… …… B42 3400MHz-3600MHz TDD B43 3600MHz-3800MHz TDD B44 703MHz-803MHz TDD

[0091] The lowest operating frequency for both the LTE main antenna and the LTE diversity antenna is 703MHz. The wavelength corresponding to this frequency is: λ=C / f=300000000 / 703000000=300 / 703=0.42674253m.

[0092] The formula for calculating the near-field range of the antenna is as follows:

[0093] λ / 2π=0.159λ=0.159×0.42674253m=0.067852m=67.852mm.

[0094] The electric and magnetic fields are strongest in the near-field region of the antenna. This means that if the distance between the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75 is less than 67.852 mm, the transmission and reception between them will be affected. And if... Figure 1 In the industrial router shown, the distance between the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75 is 40mm, which is less than 67.852mm. Therefore, the 703MHz wireless signal emitted by the LTE main antenna 73 will be coupled into the LTE diversity antenna 75, which affects the isolation between the two.

[0095] In addition, this embodiment also provides a method for roughly estimating the near-field range of an antenna: In LTE TDD mode, it operates at the lowest frequency point of 703MHz corresponding to B44. The following calculation can be used to infer the near-field range: 2.4GHz / 703MHz = 3.413940; that is, the near-field range of the antenna is calculated as 3.41394 times the distance between two external antennas in the 2.4GHz band is 20mm, i.e., 3.41394x20mm = 68.2788mm, which is not much different from the result calculated using the above formula λ / 2π.

[0096] In practical implementation, considering that product processing, such as structural openings in the metal casing, is done in integer increments, the distance between the LTE main antenna and the LTE diversity antenna can be set to an integer greater than or equal to 70mm to meet the isolation requirements of the lowest frequency point. In this example, the preset distance can be set to 70mm, or to a distance greater than 70mm.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] Based on Embodiment 1, the electronic device provided in this embodiment further includes a circuit board and a first matching component, a second matching component, a third matching component, a first antenna interface, a second antenna interface, a first radio frequency module, and a second radio frequency module disposed on the circuit board; the first radio frequency module is disposed near the first antenna and the third antenna, and the second radio frequency module is disposed near the second antenna. The circuit board can also be referred to as a PCB board.

[0099] The first port of the first radio frequency module is connected to the first matching component, the first antenna interface and the first antenna in sequence; the second port of the first radio frequency module is connected to the second matching component, the second antenna interface and the second antenna in sequence; the second radio frequency module is connected to the third antenna in sequence through the third matching component.

[0100] The aforementioned matching components, such as the first matching component and the second matching component, can also be called matching networks, antenna matching components, antenna matching networks, matching modules, etc. By setting matching components between the antenna port on the circuit board and the external antenna, reflection and loss caused by impedance mismatch in the RF path can be avoided, thus preventing a reduction in RF performance.

[0101] In specific implementations, the first RF module and the second RF module may consist of only transceiver modules, or they may include both transceiver modules and front-end modules (FEMs). The FEM is used to amplify the transmitted and received RF signals, filter them, and can even perform functions such as power detection, control, and switching.

[0102] In one optional embodiment, the electronic device further includes a third antenna interface disposed on the circuit board, and the third matching component is connected to the third antenna through the third antenna interface.

[0103] In one optional implementation, the first matching component, the second matching component, the third matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, the first radio frequency module, and the second radio frequency module are all located on the same layer of the circuit board; the radio frequency link between the second radio frequency module and the third antenna and the radio frequency link between the first radio frequency module and the second antenna intersect; the second antenna interface and the third antenna interface are of the same type, but different from the type of the first antenna interface.

[0104] In specific implementations, the first matching component, the second matching component, the third matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, the first radio frequency module, and the second radio frequency module can all be located on the top layer of the circuit board, i.e., the TOP layer, or they can all be located on the bottom layer of the circuit board, i.e., the BOTTOM layer.

[0105] In one optional implementation, if the first frequency band is greater than the second frequency band, then the RF link between the second RF module and the third antenna is longer than the RF link between the first RF module and the second antenna. In this implementation, the first frequency band is greater than the second frequency band, meaning the operating frequency band of the second antenna is greater than the operating frequency band of the third antenna. By setting the RF link of the third antenna, which operates in a lower frequency band, to be longer than the RF link of the second antenna, which operates in a higher frequency band, insertion loss can be reduced.

[0106] In an alternative embodiment, if the first frequency band is less than the second frequency band, then the RF link between the first RF module and the second antenna is longer than the RF link between the second RF module and the third antenna. In this embodiment, the first frequency band is less than the second frequency band, meaning the operating frequency band of the third antenna is greater than the operating frequency band of the second antenna. By setting the RF link of the second antenna, which operates in a lower frequency band, to be longer than the RF link of the third antenna, which operates in a higher frequency band, insertion loss can be reduced.

[0107] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the layout of the PCB board and the structure of the external antenna in an industrial router provided in this embodiment. Figure 7 For showing Figure 6 A partial top view of the RF traces, vias, and via layer swapping of the LTE mainframe and the RF traces of 5G Wi-Fi on the TOP layer. Figure 8 For showing Figure 6 Partial cross-sectional views of the RF traces, vias, and via layer swaps of the LTE mainframe and the RF traces of 5G Wi-Fi on different layers.

[0108] Figure 6 It is Figure 1The LTE master antenna 73, SMA-KWE connector 4, LTE master RF trace 32, and antenna matching component 9 are swapped with the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72, SMA-KWE connector 3, 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 333, and antenna matching component 8. This allows the LTE master antenna 73 to be moved away from the LTE diversity antenna 75, ensuring that the isolation between the two external antennas in the LTE B44 frequency point 703MHz low-frequency mode meets the requirements. However, since the SMA-KWE connector 4, LTE master RF trace 32, and antenna matching component 9 and the SMA-KWE connector 3, 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 333, and antenna matching component 8 are located on the TOP layer of the PCB board 86, the matching component 39 leads out the LTE master RF trace 16 to the antenna matching component 9, and the matching component 38 leads out the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 to the antenna matching component 8. The LTE master RF trace 16 and the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 are swapped. The Wi-Fi RF trace 15 intersects at point 480 on the TOP layer of PCB board 86. In other words, there is a short circuit problem between the LTE main RF trace 16 and the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 at point 480 on the TOP layer of PCB board 86.

[0109] To resolve the short circuit issue at point 480 on the 86TOP layer of the PCB board between the LTE main radio RF trace 16 and the 5G Wi-Fi radio RF trace 15, the LTE main radio RF trace 16 needs to be switched to an inner layer or BOTTOM layer via vias, and then switched to the TOP layer via vias from the inner layer or BOTTOM layer; or the 5G Wi-Fi radio RF trace 15 needs to be switched to an inner layer or BOTTOM layer via vias, and then switched to the TOP layer via vias from the inner layer or BOTTOM layer.

[0110] The following analysis uses the example of switching from the LTE master's RF trace 16 to the BOTTOM layer via a via as an example. (Refer to...) Figure 7 and 8As shown, on the TOP layer of PCB board 86, a 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 is led out from the matching component 38 in the Y direction and passes through point 480 to the antenna matching component 8. A ground copper foil 463 is placed on the left side of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 in the X direction, and a ground copper foil 462 is placed on the left side of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 in the X direction. Ground copper foils 462 and 463 are used to provide ground protection and return current of the same layer ground for the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15. The 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 generates a return current i2 between the TOP layer and the L02 layer. On the TOP layer of PCB 86, in the X direction, at the intersection of the LTE main unit RF trace 16 from the matching component 39 and the RF trace 15 near the 5G Wi-Fi, a via 82 is drilled at point 480 to change the layer to the BOTTOM layer of PCB 86. From the via 82 in the BOTTOM layer, a section of the LTE main unit RF trace 452 is led out to via 81, and then through via 81 to the TOP layer of PCB 86. From the via 81 in the TOP layer of PCB 86, the LTE main unit RF trace 166 is led out to the antenna matching component 9. (Refer to...) Figure 8 The LTE master radio frequency trace 15, which is led out from the matching component 39, is located on the TOP layer. It uses the ground copper foil 97 of the L02 layer as the return reference ground, generating a return current i4 between the TOP layer and the L02 layer. When the LTE master signal in the LTE master radio frequency trace 15 is transmitted to the via 82, an impedance jump occurs at the location of the via 82. At the same time, the LTE master signal will have a phase reversal problem when it is transmitted through the via 82. When the LTE master signal is transmitted in the LTE master radio frequency trace 452 of the BOTTOM layer, the LTE master radio frequency trace 15 changes from using the ground copper foil 97 of the L02 layer as the return reference ground (generating a return current i4 between the TOP layer and the L02 layer) to using the ground copper foil 98 of the L03 layer as the return reference ground (generating a return current i3 between the BOTTOM layer and the L03 layer). The reference ground jump will have an adverse effect on the LTE master signal. When the LTE master signal is transmitted to via 81, the impedance changes again at the location of via 81. At the same time, the LTE master signal will have a phase reversal problem when it is transmitted through via 82. When the LTE master signal is transmitted to the LTE master RF trace 166, the LTE master RF trace 452 changes from using the ground copper foil 98 of the L03 layer as the reference ground for return current (generating return current i3 between the BOTTOM layer and the L03 layer) to using the ground copper foil 97 of the L02 layer as the reference ground for return current (generating return current i1 between the TOP layer and the L02 layer). The reference ground change will have an adverse effect on the LTE master signal.

[0111] Figure 7 and Figure 8 The solution shown can solve the problem. Figure 6The LTE main unit's RF trace 16 and the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 have a short circuit at point 480 on the 86TOP layer of the PCB board. However, the LTE main unit's RF trace 15 has two impedance jumps and two phase reversals after two via layer changes (via 81 and via 82), resulting in RF signal reflection. There are also two changes in the reference ground of different layers, which have adverse effects. This directly affects the signal quality of the LTE main unit's RF trace 16, such as a deterioration in EVM (Error Vector Magnitude), S11 (Return Loss), VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio), and receiver sensitivity. Ultimately, this causes the various indicators of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 to fail to meet the design requirements.

[0112] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the PCB board layout and external antenna structure of another industrial router provided in this embodiment. (Comparison) Figure 9 and Figure 1 The difference lies in the swapped positions of the LTE main antenna 73 and the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72. At the same time, the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 is led out from the matching component 38 at the output end of the FEM chip 21 to the IPEX female connector 44. The IPEX male connector 42, which matches the IPEX female connector 44, leads out the internal antenna cable 52 and is electrically connected to the radiator 62 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72. Meanwhile, the a port of the LTE / GPS module 29 leads out the LTE main RF trace 16 through the matching component 39 to the IPEX female connector 45. The IPEX male connector 43, which matches the IPEX female connector 45, leads out the internal antenna cable 53 and is electrically connected to the radiator 63 of the LTE main antenna 73.

[0113] The distance L1 between the LTE diversity antenna 75 and the GPS antenna 74 is 20mm; the distance L71 between the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 and the GPS antenna 74 is 20mm; the distance L41 between the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 and the LTE main antenna 73 is 60mm; the distance L5 between the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 and the LTE main antenna 73 is 20mm; and the distance L6 between the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 is 20mm. Figure 9 By Figure 1The LTE main antenna 73 and the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 are swapped, resulting in a distance of L31 = L41 + L71 + L1 = 60mm + 20mm + 20mm = 100mm between the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75. This distance is significantly greater than the near-field range of 67.852mm corresponding to the lowest LTE operating frequency, thus meeting the isolation requirements between the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75. It should be noted that the distance provided in this embodiment... Figure 9 The industrial router shown has not changed. Figure 1 The appearance of the industrial router shown does not add any extra cost.

[0114] Meanwhile, a GPS antenna 74 and a 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 are positioned between the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75, making full use of the considerable space between them. The 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 (operating frequency band 5.18GHz~5.825GHz) and the GPS antenna 74 (operating frequency band 1575.42MHz) are adjacent, but they do not operate in the same frequency band, therefore there is no co-channel interference between them. Similarly, the GPS antenna 74 (operating frequency band 1575.42MHz) and the LTE diversity antenna 75 (operating frequency band 703MHz~2.7GHz) are adjacent, but they also do not operate in the same frequency band, therefore there is no co-channel interference between them. Likewise, the LTE main antenna 73 (operating frequency band 703MHz~2.7GHz) and the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 (operating frequency band 5.18GHz~5.825GHz) are adjacent, but they also do not operate in the same frequency band, therefore there is no co-channel interference between them. The LTE main antenna 73 (operating frequency 703MHz~2.7GHz) and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 (operating frequency 2.4GHz~2.5GHz) are adjacent, but they do not operate in the same frequency band, so there is no co-channel interference between them. In the industrial router provided in this embodiment, not only do the isolation requirements of the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75 meet the requirements at all operating frequencies, but the isolation requirements between the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71, 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70, 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72, and GPS antenna 74 also meet the requirements at all operating frequencies, that is, the electromagnetic compatibility of all external antennas is good.

[0115] in addition, Figure 1 The length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 on the PCB board 86 is approximately 28mm, while Figure 9 The length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 on the PCB board 86 is almost negligible. Figure 9 The industrial router shown is Figure 1 The industrial routers shown are compared. Figure 9 The length of the internal antenna cable 52 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna increases by approximately 35mm to 40mm, but Figure 9 The length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 on the PCB board 86 is shortened by approximately 27mm. Compared to Figure 1 Industrial routers in China Figure 9 The loss of 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency signal increases by about 0.1dB, which is within the allowable range and meets the design requirements.

[0116] Figure 1 The length of the RF trace 16 of the LTE main unit on the PCB board 86 is approximately 35mm, while Figure 9 The length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 16 on the PCB board 86 is almost negligible. The industrial router shown in the figure is connected to... Figure 1 The industrial routers shown are compared. Figure 9 The length of the internal antenna cable 53 of the LTE main antenna 73 increases by approximately 50mm to 55mm, but Figure 9 The length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 16 on the PCB board 86 is shortened by approximately 34mm. The LTE mainframe's RF signal operates at a frequency of 703MHz to 2.7GHz, which is significantly lower than that of the 5G Wi-Fi RF signal, resulting in a lower operating frequency. Figure 1 In the industrial router shown in the figure, the loss of the LTE master radio frequency signal increases by 0.04dB. The loss of the LTE master radio frequency signal is within the allowable range and can meet the design requirements.

[0117] In such Figure 9 In the example shown, LTE / GPS module 29 corresponds to the first RF module, matching component 41 and antenna matching component 12 correspond to the first matching component, SMA-KWE connector 92 corresponds to the first antenna interface, LTE diversity antenna 75 corresponds to the first antenna, matching component 39 corresponds to the second matching component, IPEX female connector 45 and matched IPEX male connector 43 correspond to the second antenna interface, and LTE main antenna 73 corresponds to the second antenna; 5G Wi-Fi chip 28 and FEM chip 21 correspond to the second RF module, matching component 38 corresponds to the third matching component, IPEX female connector 44 and matched IPEX male connector 42 correspond to the third antenna interface, and 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 corresponds to the third antenna.

[0118] In such Figure 9 In the example shown, Figure 1The LTE main antenna 73 and the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 in the FEM chip 20 are swapped. Simultaneously, the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 is led out from the matching component 38 at the output of the FEM chip 20 to the IPEX female connector 44. The IPEX male connector 42, which matches the IPEX female connector 44, leads out an internal antenna cable 52 and is electrically connected to the radiator 62 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72. This solves the problem of… Figure 6 The LTE main radio frequency trace 16 and the 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency trace 15 in the solution have a short circuit problem at point 480 on the 86TOP layer of the PCB board, and this problem has been solved. Figure 7 and 8 The 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 (or LTE host RF trace 16) in the solution avoids the problems of two impedance jumps and two phase reversals that occur with two via layer changes (via 81 and via 82), and also avoids the adverse effects of two different layer reference ground changes. It also avoids the problem of excessive insertion loss caused by excessively long links due to the use of IPEX connectors and antenna cables for 5G Wi-Fi RF signals (affecting the transmission distance of the external antenna). The highest operating frequency of 5G Wi-Fi RF signals can reach 5.8GHz, while the highest operating frequency of LTE RF signals is only 2.7GHz, and the lowest is 703MHz (B44 frequency point). The higher the operating frequency of the RF signal, the longer the RF link length, the greater the insertion loss, the lower the transmit power output to the external antenna, and the lower the receiving sensitivity of the external antenna. This also leads to a shorter transmission distance for the external antenna. In other words, for the same RF link length, the insertion loss of the LTE host RF signal is much lower than that of the 5G Wi-Fi RF signal. Figure 9 In this process, the LTE main radio frequency signal uses IPEX connectors and antenna cables, while the 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency signal uses 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency traces and SMA-KWE connectors, which can solve... Figures 6 to 8 All of the above-mentioned problems exist in it.

[0119] In one optional implementation, the first matching component, the second matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the first radio frequency module are disposed on the top layer of the circuit board, and the third matching component, the third antenna interface, and the second radio frequency module are disposed on the bottom layer of the circuit board; the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the third antenna interface are all of the same type.

[0120] In one optional implementation, the first matching component, the second matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the first radio frequency module are disposed on the bottom layer of the circuit board, and the third matching component, the third antenna interface, and the second radio frequency module are disposed on the top layer of the circuit board; the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the third antenna interface are all of the same type.

[0121] In this embodiment, by placing all radio frequency (RF) devices related to the first and second antennas (including the first matching component, the second matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the first RF module) and all RF devices related to the third antenna (including the third matching component, the third antenna interface, and the second RF module) on different layers of the circuit board, it is not necessary to replace different types of antenna interfaces. In a specific example, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the third antenna interface are all of type SMA-KWE connector or IPEX connector.

[0122] In one optional embodiment, the third matching component is connected to the first pad, and a grounded second pad is provided around the first pad; the radio frequency line in the antenna cable of the third antenna is connected to the first pad, and the ground line in the antenna cable of the third antenna is connected to the second pad.

[0123] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating an antenna-end matching assembly in a PCB board, extending from an IPEX female connector, an IPEX male connector, and an antenna cable fixed to a housing to an external antenna. (See figure) Figure 10 As shown, the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 is led out from the matching component 38 at the output end of the FEM chip 20 and connected to the RF pad 150. At the same time, a ground pad 148 is set around the RF pad 150, and the RF core wire and ground wire inside the antenna cable 52 are soldered to the RF pad 150 and the ground pad 148 respectively. The a port of the LTE / GPS module leads out the LTE main unit RF trace 16 through the matching component 39 to the IPEX female connector 45. The IPEX male connector 43, which matches the IPEX female connector 45, leads out the internal antenna cable 53 and is electrically connected to the radiator 63 of the LTE main unit antenna 73.

[0124] In such Figure 10 In the example shown, matching component 38 corresponds to the third matching component, 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 corresponds to the third antenna, RF pad 150 corresponds to the first pad, ground pad 148 corresponds to the second pad, and antenna cable 52 corresponds to the antenna cable in the third antenna.

[0125] Example 3

[0126] Based on Embodiment 1, the electronic device provided in this embodiment further includes a fourth antenna disposed close to the second antenna. The first antenna, the third antenna, the second antenna, and the fourth antenna are disposed sequentially. The fourth antenna is used to operate on a third frequency band, wherein the third frequency band is different from the first frequency band and is greater than the second frequency band.

[0127] The electronic device further includes a circuit board and a first matching component, a second matching component, a third matching component, a fourth matching component, a first antenna interface, a second antenna interface, a third antenna interface, a fourth antenna interface, a first radio frequency module, a second radio frequency module, and a third radio frequency module disposed on the circuit board. The first radio frequency module is disposed near the first antenna and the third antenna, the second radio frequency module is disposed near the second antenna, and the third radio frequency module is disposed near the fourth antenna.

[0128] The first port of the first radio frequency module is connected to the first matching component, the first antenna interface and the first antenna in sequence; the second port of the first radio frequency module is connected to the second matching component, the second antenna interface and the second antenna in sequence; the third radio frequency module is connected to the third matching component, the third antenna interface and the third antenna in sequence; the second radio frequency module is connected to the fourth matching component, the fourth antenna interface and the fourth antenna in sequence.

[0129] The aforementioned matching components, such as the first matching component and the second matching component, can also be called matching networks, antenna matching components, antenna matching networks, matching modules, etc. By setting matching components between the antenna port on the circuit board and the external antenna, reflection and loss caused by impedance mismatch in the RF path can be avoided, thus preventing a reduction in RF performance.

[0130] In specific implementations, the first RF module, the second RF module, and the third RF module may consist only of transceiver modules, or they may include both transceiver modules and a front-end module (FEM). The FEM is used to amplify and receive RF signals, filter them, and can even perform functions such as power detection, control, and switching.

[0131] The electronic device in this embodiment includes four antennas. The first and second antennas operate in the same frequency band, but in a different frequency band than the third and fourth antennas. The fourth antenna operates at a higher frequency than the third antenna. In a specific example, the first antenna is an LTE diversity antenna, the second antenna is an LTE main antenna, the third antenna is a 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna, and the fourth antenna is a 5G Wi-Fi antenna.

[0132] In one optional implementation, the first matching component, the second matching component, the third matching component, the fourth matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, the fourth antenna interface, the first radio frequency module, the second radio frequency module, and the third radio frequency module are all located on the same layer of the circuit board; the radio frequency link between the third radio frequency module and the third antenna intersects with the radio frequency link between the first radio frequency module and the second antenna, and the radio frequency link between the second radio frequency module and the fourth antenna, respectively; the second antenna interface and the third antenna interface are both of type 1, and the first antenna interface and the fourth antenna interface are both of type 2, and the first type and the second type are different.

[0133] In specific implementations, the first matching component, the second matching component, the third matching component, the fourth matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, the fourth antenna interface, the first radio frequency module, the second radio frequency module, and the third radio frequency module can all be located on the top layer of the circuit board, i.e., the TOP layer, or they can all be located on the bottom layer of the circuit board, i.e., the BOTTOM layer.

[0134] In one optional embodiment, the RF link between the third RF module and the third antenna is longer than the RF link between the second RF module and the fourth antenna. In this embodiment, the third frequency band is greater than the second frequency band, that is, the operating frequency band of the fourth antenna is greater than the operating frequency band of the third antenna. By setting the RF link of the third antenna, which operates in a lower frequency band, to be longer than the RF link of the fourth antenna, which operates in a higher frequency band, insertion loss can be reduced.

[0135] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the layout of the PCB board and the structure of the external antenna in an industrial router provided in this embodiment. (Comparison) Figure 11 and in Example 2 Figure 9The difference lies in the swapped positions of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71. Simultaneously, the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 is led out from the matching component 38 of the FEM chip 21 to the antenna-end matching component 108, and the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 107 is led out from the antenna-end matching component 108 to the SMA-KWE connector 106, directly electrically connected to the radiator 62 of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 72 via the internal antenna cable 52. Conversely, the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 14 is led out from the matching component 37 of the FEM chip 20 to the IPEX female connector 441, and the IPEX male connector 381, which matches the IPEX female connector 441, leads out an internal antenna cable 51 and electrically connects to the radiator 61 of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71. The LTE / GPS module 29's port a leads out the LTE main unit's RF trace 16 to the IPEX female connector 45 via the matching component 39. The IPEX male connector 43, which matches the IPEX female connector 45, leads out the internal antenna cable 53 and is electrically connected to the radiator 63 of the LTE main unit's antenna 73.

[0136] like Figure 11 As shown, the six external antennas are distributed from right to left as follows: LTE diversity antenna 75 (operating frequency 703MHz~2.7GHz), GPS antenna 74 (operating frequency 1575.42MHz), 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 (operating frequency 2.4GHz~2.5GHz), LTE main antenna 73 (operating frequency 703MHz~2.7GHz), 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 (operating frequency band 5.18GHz~5.825GHz), and 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70. The distance between the LTE diversity antenna 75 and the LTE main antenna 73 is 100mm, which meets the isolation requirements when they are operating simultaneously in TDD mode at the B44 frequency point of 703MHz. This satisfies the principle that the lower the operating frequency and the longer the wavelength, the greater the required isolation distance.

[0137] When the LTE diversity antenna 75 operates at frequency B44 (703MHz), it is not on the same frequency as the adjacent GPS antenna 74 (operating at frequency 1575.42MHz), and this does not affect the isolation between them. When the LTE diversity antenna 75 operates in LTE FDD mode, and the frequency B24 is between 1525MHz and 1559MHz, the operating frequency of the LTE diversity antenna 75 is close to that of the GPS antenna. However, the operating frequencies of both antennas are more than twice higher than those of the LTE diversity antenna 75 and the LTE main antenna 73, which are both in LTE TDD mode and at frequency B44 (703MHz). The higher the operating frequency, the shorter the wavelength, and a distance of 20mm between the two antennas is sufficient to meet the isolation requirements. This satisfies the principle that the higher the operating frequency and the shorter the wavelength, the smaller the required isolation distance.

[0138] When the LTE main antenna 73 operates at the LTE FDD mode B44 frequency point 703MHz, it is not at the same frequency point as the adjacent 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 (operating in the frequency band of 5.18GHz to 5.825GHz), which does not affect the isolation between them. When the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75 operate simultaneously at the B44 frequency point 703MHz, the distance between the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75, L31 = L41 + L21 = L41 + L71 + L1 = 60mm + 20mm + 20mm = 100mm, is much larger than the antenna near-field range of 67.852mm corresponding to the lowest LTE operating frequency point, which can meet the isolation requirements between the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75. It should be noted that the industrial router provided in this embodiment has not changed Figure 1 The appearance of the industrial router shown does not add any extra cost.

[0139] in addition, Figure 1 The combined length of the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 14 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 31 on the PCB board is approximately 27.5mm. Figure 11 The industrial router shown is Figure 1 The industrial routers shown are compared. Figure 11 The 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 31 is omitted, and the length of the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 14 is shortened by approximately 26.5mm, but... Figure 11 The length ratio of the internal antenna cable 51 Figure 1 The increase was approximately 65mm to 70mm. Figure 11 Loss ratio of 2.4G Wi-Fi radio frequency signal Figure 1 The loss of 2.4G Wi-Fi radio frequency signals increases by approximately 0.19dB.

[0140] Figure 1 The RF trace 16 of the LTE master set is approximately 35mm long on the PCB board 86, while Figure 11 The length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 16 on the PCB board 86 is almost negligible. Figure 11 The industrial router shown is Figure 1 The industrial routers shown are compared. Figure 11 The length of the internal antenna cable 53 of the LTE main antenna 73 has increased by approximately 50mm to 55mm, but Figure 11The length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 16 on the PCB board 86 is shortened by approximately 34mm. The operating frequency of the LTE main unit RF signal is 703MHz to 2.7GHz, which is much lower than that of the 5G Wi-Fi RF signal. The lower the operating frequency of the RF signal, the better. Figure 1 Industrial routers in China Figure 11 The loss of the LTE master radio frequency signal increased by 0.11dB, which is within the allowable range and meets the design requirements.

[0141] In this embodiment, instead of using the internal antenna cable 52 to lengthen the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF signal (corresponding to the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71), the insertion loss of the 5G Wi-Fi RF signal can be reduced. Similarly, with the same length of the internal antenna cable 51, the higher the RF operating frequency, the greater the insertion loss.

[0142] Figure 11 and Figure 9 The length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF link is the same, which can solve the isolation problem between the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75 at the lowest operating frequency of LTE B44, 703MHz. It also ensures a short 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15. That is, even with a high 5G Wi-Fi RF operating frequency (up to 5.825GHz), the solution using FEM chip 21, matching component 38, 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15, antenna-end matching component 108, SMA-KWE connector 107, and 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 ensures the shortest 5G Wi-Fi RF link length, reducing insertion loss. It also avoids... Figure 1 When the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 and the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 are swapped, a cross-short circuit occurs between the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 14 on the same layer of the PCB board.

[0143] Figure 11 The length of the FEM chip 20, matching component 37, IPEX connector 441, antenna cable 51, and the RF link of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna is slightly longer than... Figure 9The FEM chip 20, matching component 37, 2.4G Wi-Fi RF trace 14, antenna matching component 7, SMA-KWE connector 2, and 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 are long, but the operating frequency of 2.4G Wi-Fi RF signals (2.4GHz~2.5GHz) is more than 1 / 3 lower than the operating frequency of 5G Wi-Fi RF signals (up to 5.85GHz). Therefore, for the same RF link length, the insertion loss of 2.4G Wi-Fi RF signals is more than half that of 5G Wi-Fi RF signals. Thus, 2.4G Wi-Fi RF signals... Figure 11 The insertion loss of the FEM chip 20, matching component 37, IPEX socket 441, antenna cable 51 and 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is within a reasonable range and meets the 2.4G Wi-Fi RF design requirements.

[0144] In such Figure 11 In the example shown, LTE / GPS module 29 corresponds to the first RF module, matching component 41 and matching component 12 correspond to the first matching component, SMA-KWE connector 92 corresponds to the first antenna interface, LTE diversity antenna 75 corresponds to the first antenna, matching component 39 corresponds to the second matching component, IPEX female connector 45 and matched IPEX male connector 43 correspond to the second antenna interface, and LTE main antenna 73 corresponds to the second antenna; 2.4G Wi-Fi chip 26 and FEM chip 20 correspond to the third RF module, matching component 37 corresponds to the third matching component, IPEX female connector 441 and matched IPEX male connector 381 correspond to the third antenna interface, 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 corresponds to the third antenna, 5G Wi-Fi chip 28 and FEM chip 21 correspond to the second RF module, matching component 38 and antenna-end matching component 108 correspond to the fourth matching component, SMA-KWE connector 106 corresponds to the fourth antenna interface, and 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 corresponds to the fourth antenna.

[0145] In one optional implementation, the first matching component, the second matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the first radio frequency module are disposed on the top layer of the circuit board, and the third matching component, the third antenna interface, the fourth matching component, the fourth antenna interface, the second radio frequency module, and the third radio frequency module are disposed on the bottom layer of the circuit board; the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, and the fourth antenna interface are all of the same type.

[0146] In one optional implementation, the first matching component, the second matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the first radio frequency module are disposed on the bottom layer of the circuit board, and the third matching component, the third antenna interface, the fourth matching component, the fourth antenna interface, the second radio frequency module, and the third radio frequency module are disposed on the top layer of the circuit board; the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, and the fourth antenna interface are all of the same type.

[0147] In this embodiment, by placing all RF devices related to the first and second antennas (including the first matching component, the second matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, and the first RF module) and all RF devices related to the third and fourth antennas (including the third matching component, the third antenna interface, the fourth matching component, the fourth antenna interface, the second RF module, and the third RF module) on different layers of the circuit board, it is not necessary to replace different types of antenna interfaces. In a specific example, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, and the fourth antenna interface are all of type SMA-KWE connector or IPEX connector.

[0148] Example 4

[0149] Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment provides detailed examples illustrating the relationship between different connection methods between the antenna-end matching component and the external antenna, the length of the return path, and the insertion loss.

[0150] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view showing the RF chip on the PCB board connected to an external antenna via an SMA-KWE female connector, an SMA-KWE male connector, and an antenna cable. Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, FEM chip 21, antenna matching component 8, SMA-KWE connector 3, and 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72. This explanation uses only this 5G Wi-Fi RF link as an example and does not limit the type of RF link; for example, it could also be a 2.4G Wi-Fi RF link, an LTE RF link, a Bluetooth RF link, etc. Figure 12As shown, the 5G Wi-Fi RF link includes a 5G Wi-Fi chip 28 (a type of RF chip), a 5G Wi-Fi RF differential trace 501, a balun circuit and matching component 500 for the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, a 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 24 (a type of RF trace), an FEM chip 21 (a type of RF chip), a 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 103 (a type of RF trace), a matching component 38 for the FEM chip 21, a 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15, an antenna-end matching component 8, a 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 32 (a type of RF trace), an SMA-KWE female connector 3, and a 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72, etc. The components include 5G Wi-Fi chip 28 (a type of RF chip), 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 24 (a type of RF trace), FEM chip 21 (a type of RF chip), 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 103 (a type of RF trace), matching component 38 for FEM chip 21, 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15, antenna matching component 8, 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 32 (a type of RF trace), and SMA-KWE female connector 3. The RF traces and RF devices (including RF chips and antenna matching components) are all located on the TOP layer (top layer) of the PCB board 86. RF traces and RF devices can be entirely distributed on the TOP layer of PCB board 86, or entirely distributed on the BOTTOM layer (bottom layer) of PCB board 86, or partially distributed on the TOP layer of PCB board 86 and partially distributed on the BOTTOM layer of PCB board 86. However, it is preferred that all RF traces and RF devices be distributed on the TOP layer or BOTTOM layer of PCB board 86 to reduce the capacitive effect caused by vias when the RF traces are changed layers, and the impedance jump caused by the RF signal reflection, which affects the quality of the RF signal. Figure 12 The 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, FEM chip 21, matching component 38 of FEM chip 21, antenna matching component 8, and SMA-KWE female connector 3 are all soldered on the TOP layer of PCB board 86 (or can be soldered on the BOTTOM layer). The 5G Wi-Fi RF traces 24, 103, 15, and 32 are designed with a 50-ohm impedance and are formed by etching process of PCB board.

[0151] A shielding cover 116 is provided on the PCB board 86, and the shielding cover 116 has pads for bonding with the shielding cover 116. Figure 12 (Not shown in the image) are connected by solder, and the pads of the shielding cover 116 are connected to the ground copper foil of the TOP layer of the PCB board (…). Figure 12(Not shown in the image) Electrical connection, the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28 and FEM chip 21 are set inside the shielding cover 116 to prevent surrounding interference sources from interfering with the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28 and FEM chip 21 through radiation, and also to prevent the additional frequency bands of the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28 and FEM chip 21 from radiating out, causing spurious parameters to exceed the standard.

[0152] The ground copper foil 127 on the second layer of PCB board 86 provides a complete ground plane for the 5G Wi-Fi RF link. The ground pin of the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28 ( Figure 12 (not shown in the image) and ground pad ( Figure 12 (Not shown) is electrically connected to the second layer of ground copper foil 127 via ground via 124 (at least one ground via), and to the ground pin of FEM chip 21 ( Figure 12 (not shown in the image) and ground pad ( Figure 12 (Not shown) is electrically connected to the second layer of ground copper foil 127 through ground via 125 (at least one ground via); the ground pin of the matching component 38 of the FEM chip 21 ( Figure 12 (not shown in the image) and ground pad ( Figure 12 (Not shown) is electrically connected to the second layer of ground copper foil 127 through ground holes 126 (at least one ground hole); the ground pin of the antenna end matching assembly 8 ( Figure 12 (not shown in the image) and ground pad ( Figure 12 (Not shown) is electrically connected to the second layer of ground copper foil 128 through ground via 128 (at least one ground via); the ground pin 214 and ground pad 215 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3 are electrically connected to the second layer of ground copper foil 127. The second layer of ground copper foil 127 of the PCB board 86 provides a complete ground plane for the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 24, FEM chip 21, 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 103, matching component 38 of FEM chip 21, 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15, antenna matching component 8, 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 32, and 5G Wi-Fi RF signals in the SMA-KWE female connector 3, that is, provides a complete return path for the 5G Wi-Fi RF signals.

[0153] The 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 32 is electrically connected to the RF pad 111 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3, and the RF pad 111 is connected to the RF pin 112 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3 via solder. Figure 12 Electrical connection (not shown). The SMA-KWE female connector 3 is 90-degree shaped. The RF pin 112 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3 is perpendicular to the horizontally mounted PCB board 86. The screw head 113 (interface) of the SMA-KWE female connector 3 is horizontal to the outer shell of the industrial router. Figure 12 (not shown in the image) intersects and protrudes from the outer casing of the industrial router ( Figure 12(Not shown) Installation for easy connection of an external 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72. The RF pin 112 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3 is electrically connected to the internal metal core 132. The metal core 132 has a conical pin 115 at the center near the screw hole 113 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3. A thread 300 is provided on the outer surface of the screw hole 113.

[0154] The 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 includes a rotatable SMA-KWE male connector 164 and a plastic frame 165. The radiator 62 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is disposed inside the plastic frame 165. An antenna cable 52 extends from the radiator 62 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72. The antenna cable 52 includes an antenna feed line 143 and an antenna ground line 123. The antenna feed line 143 and the antenna ground line 123 are electrically connected to the flared pin 110 inside the SMA-KWE male connector 164 and the hollowed-out annular metal body 178, respectively. The inner ring surface of the annular metal body 178 is provided with a thread 179 that matches the thread 300 on the outer surface of the screw hole 113. The outer diameter D1 of the screw hole 113 is slightly larger than the inner diameter D2 of the annular metal body 178. When the annular metal body 178 of the SMA-KWE male connector 164 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is inserted into the screw hole 113 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3 by rotation, the thread 179 of the annular metal body 178 of the SMA-KWE male connector 164 matches the thread 300 of the screw hole 113 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3, realizing the electrical connection between the annular metal body 178 of the SMA-KWE male connector 164 and the screw hole 113 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3. The conical pin 115 is electrically connected to the horn-shaped pin 110, forming a return path between the radiator 62 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 and the 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency link in the PCB board, providing conditions for transmitting 5G Wi-Fi wireless signals.

[0155] The length of the 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency link consists of two parts: the length L1 of the 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency link inside the PCB board and the length L7 of the internal link of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72.

[0156] The length L1 of the 5G Wi-Fi RF link within the PCB board is divided into two parts:

[0157] The length of the first part includes the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF differential trace 501 led out from the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, the length of the balun circuit and matching component 500 of the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 24, the length of the FEM chip 21, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 103, the length of the matching component 38 of the FEM chip 21, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15, the length of the antenna matching component 8, and the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 32.

[0158] The length of the second part includes the length of the internal metal core 132 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3, the length L2 of the internal metal core 132 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3 perpendicular to the PCB board, and the length L3 of the metal core 132 horizontally parallel to the PCB board 86. Since the SMA-KWE female connector 3 is a through-hole device (or via device), some of its pins are inserted into the BOTTOM layer of the PCB board 86, and some pins protrude perpendicularly to the PCB board (e.g., the RF pin 112 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3). The length of the RF pin 112 inserted into the PCB board 86 and the length of the protruding pin in the BOTTOM layer of the PCB board 86 do not transmit RF signals, therefore the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF link is not calculated. Therefore, the length L2 of the internal metal core 132 of the SMA-KWE female connector 3 perpendicular to the PCB board is the length L2 from the top of the TOP to the top of the 90-degree bend of the metal core 132.

[0159] The length L7 of the internal link of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 includes the length of the internal horn-shaped pin 110 of the SMA-KWE male connector 164, the length L4 of the horizontal antenna feed line 143, and the length L5 of the vertical antenna feed line 143 to the feed point of the radiator 62.

[0160] The length of a 5G Wi-Fi RF link is directly proportional to its insertion loss. The length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF link determines the insertion loss of the 5G Wi-Fi RF signal, which includes skin loss and dielectric loss. The longer the 5G Wi-Fi RF link, the greater the skin loss and dielectric loss.

[0161] Figure 13 Another cross-sectional view illustrating the antenna-end matching assembly on the PCB board, from the SMA-KWE female connector, SMA-KWE male connector, and antenna cable to the external antenna. Figure 12 The difference in comparison is that, Figure 13 exist Figure 12 Based on this, a filter 119 is added between the FEM chip 21 and the matching component 138 of the FEM chip 21 (to... Figure 12 The matching component 38 of the FEM chip 21 in the middle is changed to Figure 13 The filter 119 (matching component 138) is located inside the shielding cover 116. A 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 118 is added between the filter 119 and the FEM chip 21. The filter 119 has a ground pin ( Figure 13 (not shown in the image) and ground pad ( Figure 13 (Not shown) is electrically connected to the second layer of ground copper foil 127 through ground via 130. Filter 119 is electrically connected to the matching component 38 of FEM chip 21 through 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 103. An RF test socket 120 is added between the matching component 138 of filter 119 and antenna matching component 8. The matching component 138 of filter 119 is electrically connected to the RF test socket 120 through 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 117, and the RF test socket 120 is electrically connected to the antenna matching component 8 through 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15. The RF test socket 120 is used to test various RF parameters of the 5G Wi-Fi RF link within the PCB board. Figure 13 The other components are all related to Figure 12 The same applies, so I will not repeat the description.

[0162] The length of the 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency link consists of two parts: the length L1 of the 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency link inside the PCB board and the length L7 of the internal link of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72.

[0163] The length L1 of the 5G Wi-Fi RF link within the PCB board is divided into two parts:

[0164] The first part includes the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF differential trace 501 led out from the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, the length of the balun circuit and matching component 500 of the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 24, the length of the FEM chip 21, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 118, the length of the filter 119, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 103, the length of the matching component 38 of the filter 119, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 117, the length of the antenna test socket 120, the length of the antenna matching component 8, and the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 32.

[0165] Figure 13 The second part is the 5G Wi-Fi RF length of the SMA-KWE female connector 3 and Figure 12 The same applies, so I won't repeat the description. The length L7 of the internal 5G Wi-Fi RF link of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is... Figure 12 The same applies, so I will not repeat the description.

[0166] Figure 14This is a cross-sectional view illustrating the antenna-end matching assembly on the PCB board, from the SMA-KY female connector, SMA-KY male connector, and antenna cable fixed to the housing to the external antenna. Figure 15 This diagram illustrates a partial disassembly of the SMA-KY female connector and metal casing. Figure 15 that is Figure 14 Partial disassembly diagram of the SMA-KY female connector and metal casing. Figure 12 The difference in comparison is that, Figure 14 exist Figure 12 Based on this, Figure 12 The SMA-KWE female connector 3 soldered on the PCB board 86 was replaced with Figure 14 The system includes an IPEX female connector 160, and an IPEX male connector 147, an antenna cable 161, and an SMA-KY male connector 162 are added between the IPEX female connector 160 and the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72. The IPEX female connector 160 is soldered onto the PCB board. The IPEX female connector 160 includes RF pins 301 and 302, RF feed pins 136, and a metal ring ground pin 137. The RF feed pins 136 of the IPEX female connector 160 are electrically connected to the RF pads 301 of the IPEX female connector 160, and the metal ring ground pin 137 is electrically connected to the ground pads 303 of the IPEX female connector 160. The RF pin 301 of the IPEX female connector 160 is electrically connected to the RF pad 134. The RF pad 134 is electrically connected to the antenna matching component 8 through the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 135. The ground pad 303 of the IPEX female connector 160 is electrically connected to the second layer ground copper foil 127 of the PCB board 86 through the ground hole 133.

[0167] The IPEX male connector 147 includes a metal annular ground pin 239, an RF feed horn-shaped pin 238, etc.; the antenna cable 161 includes an RF feed line 142 and an RF ground line 141; the SMA-KY female connector 162 includes a nut 143, a screw 163, and a screw head 145. The screw 163 and the screw head 145 are a single piece of metal. The screw 163 is embedded in the perforated metal housing 144, with the screw 163 facing the interior of the cavity A11 of the metal housing 144, while the screw head 145 is located on the exterior B11 protruding from the metal housing for mounting the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72. The outer diameter D3 of the screw head 145 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter D2 of the annular metal body 178 of the SMA-KY male connector 164 in the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72, and the external thread 304 of the screw head 145 matches the internal thread 179 of the annular metal body 178 one by one. The screw 163 has threads. The outer diameter of the screw 163 is slightly smaller than the opening 306 of the metal housing 144, and the outer diameter D5 of the screw 163 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter D4 of the nut 143. The external thread 305 of the screw 163 matches the internal thread 306 of the nut 143. When the screw 163 is inserted into the opening 307 of the metal housing 144, it is fixed to the metal housing 144 by rotating the nut 143. One end of the RF feed line 142 is electrically connected to the flared pin 238 of the RF feed point of the IPEX male connector 147, and the other end of the RF feed line 142 is electrically connected to the flared pin 146 of the SMA-KY female connector 162. One end of the RF ground line 141 is electrically connected to the metal annular ground pin 239 of the IPEX male connector 147, and the other end of the RF feed line 142 is electrically connected to the screw 163 of the SMA-KY female connector. The inner diameter of the metal annular ground pin 239 of the IPEX male connector 147 is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the metal annular ground pin 137 of the IPEX female connector 160. This means that when the metal annular ground pin 239 of the IPEX male connector 147 is snapped into the metal annular ground pin 137 of the IPEX female connector 160, they fit together very tightly, achieving a low-impedance electrical connection between the metal annular ground pin 239 of the IPEX male connector 147 and the metal annular ground pin 137 of the IPEX female connector 160, and a low-impedance electrical connection between the RF feed horn-shaped pin 238 of the IPEX male connector 147 and the RF feed pin 136 of the IPEX female connector 160.

[0168] When the SMA-KY male connector 164 in the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is rotated and inserted into the screw hole 145 of the SMA-KY female connector 162, the annular metal body 178 of the SMA-KY male connector 164 in the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is electrically connected to the screw hole 145 of the SMA-KY female connector 162, and the horn-shaped pin 110 inside the SMA-KY male connector 164 in the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is electrically connected. The radiator 62 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 forms a return path with the 5G Wi-Fi RF link in the PCB board, providing conditions for transmitting 5G Wi-Fi wireless signals. Figure 14 Other components and Figure 12 The same applies, so I will not repeat the description.

[0169] The length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF link consists of three parts: the length L1 of the 5G Wi-Fi RF link inside the PCB board, the length L6 of the SMA-KY female connector 162 and IPEX male connector 147 components, and the length L7 of the internal link of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72.

[0170] The length L1 of the 5G Wi-Fi RF link within the PCB board includes: the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF differential trace 501 led out from the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, the length of the balun circuit and matching component 500 of the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 24, the length of the FEM chip 21, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 103, the length of the matching component 38 of the FEM chip 21, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15, the length of the antenna matching component 8, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 135, and the length of the RF feed pin 136 of the IPEX female connector 160.

[0171] The length L6 of the SMA-KY female connector 162 and IPEX male connector 147 assembly includes: the length of the horn-shaped pin 238 of the internal RF feed point of the IPEX male connector 147, the length of the RF feed line 142, and the length of the horn-shaped pin 146 in the SMA-KY female connector 162.

[0172] Figure 14 The length L7 of the internal link of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is related to... Figure 12 The same applies, so I will not repeat the description.

[0173] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view illustrating the antenna-end matching assembly on the PCB board, from the IPEX female connector, IPEX male connector, and antenna cable fixed to the housing to the external antenna. Figure 14 The difference in comparison is that, Figure 16 exist Figure 14 On this basis, Figure 16 The IPEX male connector 147 is directly electrically connected to the antenna cable 52 inside the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72. Specifically, the metal annular ground pin 239 and the RF feed horn-shaped pin 238 of the IPEX male connector 147 are electrically connected to the antenna feed line 143 and the antenna ground line 123 in the antenna cable 52, respectively, eliminating the need for the SMA-KY female connector 162, antenna cable 161, and IPEX male connector 147. Simultaneously, the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is connected to the metal casing via a movable bracket. Figure 16(Not shown in the image) The 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is fixed in place and integrated with the housing, making it non-removable. The IPEX male connector 147 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is directly attached to the IPEX female connector 160 on the PCB board 86, thus enabling the radiator 62 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 to form a return path with the 5G Wi-Fi RF link within the PCB board, providing the conditions for transmitting 5G Wi-Fi wireless signals. Figure 16 Other components and Figure 14 The same applies, so I will not repeat the description.

[0174] The length of the 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency link consists of two parts: the length L1 of the 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency link inside the PCB board and the length L7 of the internal link of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72.

[0175] The length L1 of the 5G Wi-Fi RF link within the PCB board and Figure 14 It's the same, so I won't repeat myself.

[0176] The length L7 of the internal link of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is composed of the length of the horn-shaped pin 238 of the internal RF feed point of the IPEX male connector 147 and the length of the antenna feed line 143.

[0177] Figure 10 exist Figure 16 Based on this, Figure 16 Remove the shielding cover 116 in the middle, and at the same time... Figure 16 The 5G Wi-Fi RF differential trace 501, the balun circuit and matching component 500 of the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, the FEM chip 21, the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 103, the FEM chip 21 matching component 38, and the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 15 are omitted. The 5G Wi-Fi chip 28 (with built-in balun circuit) is electrically connected to the antenna matching component 8 through the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 24, and the antenna matching component 8 is electrically connected to the RF pad 150 through the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 135. A ground pad 149 (on the same layer as the RF pad 150) is provided around the RF pad 150, and the ground pad 149 is electrically connected to the second layer ground copper foil 127 of the PCB board 86 through a ground hole 148. The antenna cable 52 inside the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is soldered onto the PCB board 86: the antenna feed line 143 of the antenna cable 52 is soldered onto the RF pad 150, and the antenna ground line 123 of the antenna cable 52 is soldered onto the ground pad 149. This enables the radiator 62 of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 to form a return path with the 5G Wi-Fi RF link inside the PCB board, providing conditions for transmitting 5G Wi-Fi wireless signals. Figure 10 Other components and Figure 16The same applies, so I will not repeat the description.

[0178] The length of the 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency link consists of two parts: the length L1 of the 5G Wi-Fi radio frequency link inside the PCB board and the length L7 of the internal link of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72.

[0179] The length L1 of the 5G Wi-Fi RF link in the PCB board includes: the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 24 led out from the 5G Wi-Fi chip 28, the length of the antenna matching component 8, the length of the 5G Wi-Fi RF trace 135, and the length of the RF pad 150.

[0180] The length L7 of the internal link of the 5G Wi-Fi antenna 72 is the length of the antenna feed line 143.

[0181] Figure 17 This is used to illustrate the connection structure between the antenna cable and the PCB board. The PCB board 391 is provided with an RF pad 401 and an RF ground pad 404. The RF pad 401 is connected to the third RF trace 400. The first metal layer 405 of the antenna cable 432 is soldered and fixed to the RF pad 401, and the second metal layer 406 of the antenna cable 432 is soldered and fixed to the RF ground pad 404.

[0182] Specifically, the third RF trace 400 connects to the RF pad 401 and the antenna matching element 467, which in turn connects to the fourth RF trace 416. A ground copper foil 402 is placed around the third RF trace 400 and the RF pad 401, and vias 403 are drilled on the ground copper foil 402 near the third RF trace 400 and the RF pad 401 (to prevent RF leakage and increase RF signal isolation). This design saves the need for an IPEX connector (e.g., on the antenna cable 432). Figure 14 IPEX male connector 147 and IPEX female connectors on the PCB board (e.g., Figure 14 The IPEX female connector (160) further reduces costs, while also minimizing impedance fluctuations during RF signal transmission, resulting in a more reliable connection. It should be noted that... Figure 17 The first metal layer 405 of the antenna cable 432 corresponds to Figure 10 The antenna feed line 143 in antenna cable 52, and the second metal layer 406 of antenna cable 432 correspond to Figure 10 Antenna ground wire 123 in antenna cable 52.

[0183] RF traces are transmission lines (e.g.) Figure 1 5G Wi-Fi RF traces 32 Figure 9 RF trace 16 of the LTE master set, Figure 11 The GPS RF traces in the diagram (e.g., 17), and the equivalent model of the transmission line, such as... Figure 18 As shown, the transmission line consists of distributed inductance L, distributed capacitance C, and DC resistance R. Where: resistance R represents the skin effect loss of the copper; resistance R is proportional to the square root of the frequency; conductance G is proportional to the frequency. Transmission line losses include skin loss and dielectric loss.

[0184] Table 1 presents the skin depth correlation test data for copper and aluminum.

[0185] (1) Skin loss

[0186] Table 1. Skin depth related test data for copper and aluminum.

[0187]

[0188]

[0189] (2) Dielectric loss

[0190] Dielectric loss refers to the energy loss within an insulating material caused by dielectric conductivity and dielectric polarization hysteresis under the influence of an electric field.

[0191] Dielectric loss angle δ: The complementary angle δ between the current phasor and the voltage phasor flowing through the dielectric under the action of an alternating electric field (power factor angle φ).

[0192] The dielectric loss tangent tgδ, also known as the dielectric loss factor, refers to the tangent of the dielectric loss angle.

[0193] Both dielectric loss and skin effect loss increase with increasing frequency. In the frequency domain, this manifests as an increase in insertion loss with increasing frequency. To reduce transmission line (e.g.) Figure 1 5G Wi-Fi RF traces 32 Figure 9 RF trace 16 of the LTE master set, Figure 11 To reduce the loss of GPS RF traces (e.g., 17), appropriate design parameters such as dielectric material, trace width, and trace length should be selected.

[0194] In industrial routers, antenna cables commonly use two main wire diameter specifications: 1.13mm and 1.37mm. Taking a 200mm long, 1.13mm diameter antenna cable as an example, Table 2 shows the insertion loss of a 200mm long, 1.13mm diameter antenna cable at different frequencies. From Table 2, it can be seen that the insertion loss of a 200mm long, 1.13mm diameter antenna cable is approximately 1.2dB to 1.3dB at Wi-Fi 5.8GHz; approximately 0.8dB at Wi-Fi 2.4GHz; and approximately 0.5dB at LTE 800MHz to 900MHz. In summary, for the same antenna cable length, the higher the RF operating frequency, the greater the insertion loss.

[0195] Table 2 shows the insertion loss of a 200mm long, 1.13mm diameter antenna cable at different frequencies.

[0196] Types of radio frequency signals Operating frequency Insertion loss Wi-Fi 5.8GHz 1.2dB~1.3dB Wi-Fi 2.4GHz 0.8dB LTE 800MHz~900MHz 0.5dB

[0197] To demonstrate the rationality and practicality of the multiple antenna positions of the industrial router in the above embodiments, Figure 9 Taking the industrial router shown as an example, the two test ports of the Agilent Technologies E5071B network analyzer (bandwidth 300kHz~8.5GHz) are connected to the input of the LTE main antenna 73 and the input of the LTE diversity antenna 75, respectively. Then, the network analyzer is used to test S21 to obtain the isolation between the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75.

[0198] Figure 19 This is the test data for the isolation between the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75. From... Figure 19 It can be concluded that when the resonant frequency of the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75 is 0.703GHz (0.703GHz = 703MHz), the isolation is -30.953dB; that is, the isolation meets the design requirement of -30dB within the range of 703MHz (the lowest operating frequency of TDD in LTE mode) of the B44 frequency point of TDD when the LTE main antenna 73 and the LTE diversity antenna 75 are working in LTE mode.

[0199] like Figure 9In the industrial router 88 shown, the distance between the LTE main antenna 73 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is 20mm, and the distance between the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is also 20mm. The following is the testing and analysis process for the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 to determine the impact of the LTE main antenna 73 being close to the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 on the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) and return loss of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71.

[0200] The experimental environment included an OTA anechoic chamber and an Agilent network analyzer. The polarization was vertical (the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is used perpendicular to the ground, so it is vertically polarized).

[0201] Figure 20 A schematic diagram of the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) test of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 provided in this embodiment (only the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is used as an example for illustration). From Figure 20 It can be concluded that when the resonant frequency of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is 2.400GHz, the VSWR is 1.50231 (e.g., Figure 20 (The location of point a in the diagram); when the resonant frequency of the antenna is 2.450 GHz, the VSWR is 1.40250 (e.g., the ... Figure 20 (The location of point b in the image), when the resonant frequency of the antenna is 2.50 GHz, the VSWR is 1.61055 (e.g., the location of point b in the image). Figure 20 The location of point c in the diagram, which is within the 100MHz bandwidth range where the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 operates, has a VSWR < 2, which fully meets the bandwidth requirements for high-throughput data transmission of industrial routers (which are broadband products) using 2.4G Wi-Fi.

[0202] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the return loss test for the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 provided in this embodiment. From... Figure 21 It can be concluded that when the resonant frequency of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is 2.400GHz, S11 is -16.804dB (e.g., Figure 21 (The location of point d in the diagram); when the resonant frequency of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is 2.450GHz, S11 is -19.512dB (e.g., the location of point d in the diagram); Figure 21 (The location of point e in the diagram); when the resonant frequency of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is 2.500GHz, S11 is -13.673dB (e.g., the location of point e in the diagram); Figure 21(The location of point f in the diagram); that is, within the 100MHz bandwidth range where the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 operates, S11 < 10dB, which fully meets the bandwidth requirements for high-throughput data transmission of industrial routers (belonging to broadband products) using 2.4G Wi-Fi. In other words, when the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 is close to the LTE main antenna 73 and the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 70, and they are 20mm apart, the voltage standing wave ratio and return loss of the 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna 71 are within a reasonable range.

[0203] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a first antenna, a third antenna, and a second antenna arranged sequentially; the first antenna, the second antenna, and the third antenna are all vertically polarized dipole antennas. The first antenna and the second antenna are both used to operate in a first frequency band, and the third antenna is used to operate in a second frequency band; wherein, the second frequency band is different from the first frequency band; The distance between the first antenna and the second antenna is greater than a preset distance, wherein the preset distance is determined based on the lowest frequency point in the first frequency band; The electronic device further includes a circuit board and a first matching component, a second matching component, a third matching component, a first antenna interface, a second antenna interface, a third antenna interface, a first radio frequency module, and a second radio frequency module disposed on the circuit board. The first radio frequency module is disposed near the first antenna and the third antenna, and the second radio frequency module is disposed near the second antenna. The first port of the first radio frequency module is connected to the first matching component, the first antenna interface, and the first antenna in sequence; the second port of the first radio frequency module is connected to the second matching component, the second antenna interface, and the second antenna in sequence; the second radio frequency module is connected to the third antenna in sequence through the third matching component and the third antenna interface. If the first frequency band is greater than the second frequency band, then the radio frequency link between the second radio frequency module and the third antenna is longer than the radio frequency link between the first radio frequency module and the second antenna. or; If the first frequency band is less than the second frequency band, then the RF link between the first RF module and the second antenna is longer than the RF link between the second RF module and the third antenna; The first matching component, the second matching component, the third matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, the first radio frequency module, and the second radio frequency module are all located on the same layer of the circuit board; the radio frequency link between the second radio frequency module and the third antenna and the radio frequency link between the first radio frequency module and the second antenna intersect; The second antenna interface and the third antenna interface are of the same type, but different from the type of the first antenna interface.

2. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The preset distance is greater than or equal to the ratio of the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency point in the first frequency band to 2π.

3. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The third matching component is connected to the first pad, and a grounded second pad is provided around the first pad; The radio frequency line in the antenna cable of the third antenna is connected to the first pad, and the ground line in the antenna cable of the third antenna is connected to the second pad.

4. The electronic device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes a fourth antenna disposed near the second antenna. The first antenna, the third antenna, the second antenna, and the fourth antenna are disposed sequentially. The fourth antenna is used to operate on a third frequency band, wherein the third frequency band is different from the first frequency band and is greater than the second frequency band. The electronic device also includes a fourth matching component, a fourth antenna interface, and a third radio frequency module disposed on the circuit board; The third radio frequency module is connected sequentially through the third matching component, the third antenna interface and the third antenna; The second radio frequency module is replaced by being connected sequentially through the fourth matching component, the fourth antenna interface, and the fourth antenna.

5. The electronic device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that, The first matching component, the second matching component, the third matching component, the fourth matching component, the first antenna interface, the second antenna interface, the third antenna interface, the fourth antenna interface, the first radio frequency module, the second radio frequency module, and the third radio frequency module are all located on the same layer of the circuit board; the radio frequency link between the third radio frequency module and the third antenna intersects with the radio frequency link between the first radio frequency module and the second antenna, and the radio frequency link between the second radio frequency module and the fourth antenna, respectively; The second antenna interface and the third antenna interface are both of type 1, and the first antenna interface and the fourth antenna interface are both of type 2, and the first type is different from the second type.

6. The electronic device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that, The radio frequency link between the third radio frequency module and the third antenna is longer than the radio frequency link between the second radio frequency module and the fourth antenna.

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