A real-time high-temperature warning system for power equipment based on tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials

Abstract

The present invention discloses a real-time high-temperature early warning system for power equipment based on tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials, comprising a tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial, a loading device, and a deformation monitoring system. The tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial is a chiral tube made of a thermoplastic polymer. The loading device is provided with two lightweight rigid clamps and four prestressed springs. The deformation monitoring system is provided with an extremely thin piezoelectric layer. The critical buckling force of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial with specific material and structural parameters decreases with increasing temperature, and at a certain specific temperature, it is equal to the axial pressure provided to the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial by the four prestressed springs. At this time, the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial buckles. The buckling deformation information is obtained in real time by the deformation monitoring system, thereby realizing early warning of the specific temperature. The system of the present invention can realize real-time, accurate and effective early warning of any high temperature in any part (surface and interior) of the power equipment and within a large temperature range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of temperature monitoring and early warning of electric power equipment, and in particular relates to a real-time high-temperature early warning system for electric power equipment based on tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials. Background Art

[0002] The connection points during electrical energy transmission are called joints. Joint failure is a major factor in power equipment failure, often caused by joint overheating (excessive joint temperature due to metal wear and corrosion, coating failure, overload, and improper joint pressure). Real-time, automatic, and effective monitoring and early warning of abnormally high joint temperatures are crucial to eliminate joint failures and the resulting power equipment failures at the source. However, the three types of wireless temperature sensors commonly used in existing power equipment temperature monitoring and early warning systems—resistive sensors, thermocouples, and integrated circuit (IC) sensors—have limitations. Resistive sensors have a nonlinear resistance-temperature response, thermocouples have low sensitivity (10-100 μV / s), and IC sensors have a narrow operating temperature range (-55-150 μV / s). Therefore, it is necessary to design a real-time high-temperature early warning system for power equipment with high accuracy, high sensitivity, and a wide operating temperature range.

[0003] The buckling response of a thin-walled cylindrical shell designed with thermo-functional metamaterials provides technical support for this invention. The critical buckling force of a thin-walled cylindrical shell can be expressed as: "Where E is the Young's modulus of the thin-walled cylindrical shell; v is the Poisson's ratio of the thin-walled cylindrical shell; and γ is the thickness of the thin-walled cylindrical shell." Thermofunctional mechanical metamaterials utilize thermoplastic polymers to create mechanical metamaterials, combining the superior properties of both thermoplastic polymers and mechanical metamaterials while expanding their mechanical performance. The Young's modulus and yield strength of thermoplastic polymers decrease with increasing temperature, a process known as the glass transition. During this process, the Young's modulus and yield strength span three orders of magnitude. Mechanical metamaterials feature a tunable substructure design (shape and geometric parameters), resulting in tunable mechanical responses, namely Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, shear modulus, and bulk modulus. Therefore, thin-walled cylindrical shells designed with thermofunctional mechanical metamaterials can achieve a specific critical buckling force by manipulating temperature (from a material perspective), substructure design, and thickness (from a structural perspective). Similarly, thin-walled cylindrical shells designed with thermofunctional mechanical metamaterials can achieve a critical buckling state at a specific temperature by manipulating their substructure design, thickness, and applied axial pressure.

[0004] In the present invention, the limitations of the three existing types of wireless temperature sensors are taken into account, namely, the nonlinear problem of the resistance-temperature response of resistive sensors, the low sensitivity of thermocouples, and the narrow operating temperature range of IC sensors. The present invention proposes a real-time high-temperature early warning system for power equipment based on the buckling response of tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials. The problem solved by the present invention is that the system breaks through the limitations of the development of wireless temperature sensor technology and can achieve real-time, accurate and effective early warning of any high temperature in any part (surface and interior) of power equipment and within a large temperature range through the buckling response of tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials. It is a real-time high-temperature early warning system for power equipment with high accuracy, high sensitivity and a wide operating temperature range. The innovation of the present invention lies in achieving the regulation of the buckling response of thin-walled cylindrical shells through material and structural innovation; using thermoplastic polymers to establish a connection between temperature and buckling response; and achieving real-time, accurate and effective early warning of any high temperature in any part (surface and interior) of power equipment and within a large temperature range. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the limitations of the three existing types of wireless temperature sensors, namely the nonlinear resistance-temperature response problem of resistive sensors, the low sensitivity of thermocouples, and the narrow operating temperature range of IC sensors, the present invention proposes a real-time high-temperature warning system for power equipment based on the buckling response of tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials.

[0006] The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a real-time high-temperature early warning system for power equipment based on tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials, the system comprising a tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial, a loading device, and a deformation monitoring system;

[0007] The tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial is made of thermoplastic polymer and consists of several groups of periodically arranged chiral units. Each group of chiral units has a regular hexagonal cell and six Z-shaped chiral legs arranged along the periphery of the regular hexagonal cell. Adjacent chiral units are connected by the Z-shaped chiral legs.

[0008] The loading device includes two lightweight rigid fixtures and four prestressed springs. The tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial is mounted between the two lightweight rigid fixtures. Both ends of the prestressed springs, which are in a stretched state, are fixed to the lightweight rigid fixtures. A uniformly distributed axial pressure is applied to the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial. The four prestressed springs are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the lightweight rigid fixtures. The critical buckling force of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial having specific material and structural parameters decreases with increasing temperature and, at a specific temperature, becomes equal to the axial pressure applied to the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial by the prestressed springs. At this point, the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial buckles.

[0009] The deformation monitoring system includes an extremely thin piezoelectric layer coated on the outer surface of a tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial. The system converts the deformation information of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial and the extremely thin piezoelectric layer into a voltage signal, obtains and analyzes the voltage signal curve, and issues a high-temperature warning by determining the inflection point of the voltage signal curve.

[0010] Furthermore, the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial combines the properties of thermoplastic polymers, where the Young's modulus and yield strength are regulated by temperature, with the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the chiral tube, where they are regulated by substructure design, thus expanding the mechanical properties.

[0011] Furthermore, by regulating the type of thermoplastic polymer, the thickness of the chiral tube, the number of circumferential and axial regular hexagonal cells, the side length of the regular hexagonal cells and the width of the Z-shaped chiral legs, the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial can reach a critical buckling state under specific axial pressure and temperature.

[0012] Furthermore, the deformation monitoring system also includes a wireless data transmission chip, two gold electrodes, two wires and a data analysis tool;

[0013] Two gold electrodes are respectively attached to the outer surface of the ultra-thin piezoelectric layer and the inner surface of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial, and are connected to the wireless data transmission chip through two wires; the deformation information of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial and the ultra-thin piezoelectric layer is converted into voltage signals, which are received by the wireless data transmission chip and transmitted to the data analysis tool; when the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial bends, due to the sudden change in the shape of the ultra-thin piezoelectric layer, the voltage signal curve obtained by the data analysis tool shows an inflection point, indicating that the temperature of the power equipment has reached a specific temperature, thereby realizing early warning of this specific temperature.

[0014] Furthermore, the real-time high temperature warning system for power equipment also includes a high-temperature resistant capsule for encapsulating the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial, the loading device and the wireless data transmission chip to prevent the real-time high temperature warning system for power equipment from being affected by the external environment.

[0015] Furthermore, the high temperature resistant capsule has evenly distributed circular pores to ensure the consistency of temperature inside and outside the high temperature resistant capsule.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The present invention takes into account the limitations of the three existing types of wireless temperature sensors, namely, the nonlinear problem of the resistance-temperature response of resistive sensors, the low sensitivity of thermocouples, and the narrow operating temperature range of IC sensors, and proposes a real-time high-temperature early warning system for power equipment based on the buckling response of tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials. The innovation of the present invention lies in the regulation of the buckling response of thin-walled cylindrical shells through material and structural innovation; the use of thermoplastic polymers to build a connection between temperature and buckling response; and the realization of real-time, accurate and effective early warning of any high temperature in any part (surface and interior) of power equipment and in a wide temperature range. The system of the present invention breaks through the limitations of the development of wireless temperature sensor technology, and can realize real-time, accurate and effective early warning of any high temperature in any part (surface and interior) of power equipment and in a wide temperature range through the buckling response of tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials. It is a real-time high-temperature early warning system for power equipment with high accuracy, high sensitivity and a wide operating temperature range. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a real-time high temperature warning system for power equipment;

[0018] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial and ultra-thin piezoelectric layer;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the loading device;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance and detailed structure of the high-temperature resistant capsule;

[0021] Figure shows: tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1, loading device 2, deformation monitoring system 3 and high-temperature resistant capsule 4; regular hexagonal cell 101; Z-shaped chiral leg 102; lightweight rigid fixture 201; prestressed spring 202; extremely thin piezoelectric layer 301; wireless data transmission chip 302; gold electrode 303; wire 304; data analysis tool 305; circular pore 401. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figures 1-4 As shown, the present invention provides a real-time high temperature warning system for power equipment based on tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials, including a tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1, a loading device 2, a deformation monitoring system 3 and a high temperature resistant capsule 4.

[0024] The tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1 is a chiral tube made of thermoplastic polymer. It has the properties of the thermoplastic polymer's Young's modulus and yield strength being regulated by temperature and the chiral tube's Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio being regulated by substructure design, thus expanding the mechanical properties.

[0025] like Figure 2 As shown, the chiral tube is composed of periodically arranged chiral units, and each group of chiral units is provided with a regular hexagonal cell 101 and six Z-shaped chiral legs 102.

[0026] By regulating the type of thermoplastic polymer, the thickness of the chiral tube, the number of circumferential and axial regular hexagonal cells 101, the side length of the regular hexagonal cells 101, and the width of the Z-shaped chiral legs 102, the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1 can reach a critical buckling state under specific axial pressure and temperature.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, the loading device 2 is provided with two lightweight rigid clamps 201 and four prestressed springs 202 .

[0028] Both ends of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1 are embedded in the annular groove 203 of the lightweight rigid fixture 201 and fixed, ensuring uniform distribution of the axial pressure applied to the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1 .

[0029] Both ends of the prestressed spring 202 in a stretched state are fixed in the circular groove 204 of the lightweight rigid fixture 201 to provide a specific axial pressure.

[0030] The critical buckling force of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1 with specific material and structural parameters decreases with increasing temperature and, at a certain temperature, becomes equal to the nearly constant axial pressure applied to the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1 by the prestressed spring 202. At this point, the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1 buckles.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the deformation monitoring system 3 is provided with an extremely thin piezoelectric layer 301 , a wireless data transmission chip 302 , two gold electrodes 303 , two wires 304 and a data analysis tool 305 .

[0032] An ultra-thin piezoelectric layer 301 is coated on the outer surface of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1. Two gold electrodes 303 are attached to the outer surface of the ultra-thin piezoelectric layer 301 and the inner surface of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1, respectively, and are connected to a wireless data transmission chip 302 via two wires 304.

[0033] The deformation information of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1 and the ultra-thin piezoelectric layer 301 is converted into a voltage signal, which is received by the wireless data transmission chip 302 and transmitted to the data analysis tool 305 .

[0034] When the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1 buckles, the shape of the ultra-thin piezoelectric layer 301 changes suddenly, and the voltage signal curve obtained by the data analysis tool 305 shows an inflection point. This indicates that the temperature of the power equipment has reached a specific temperature, thereby providing an early warning of the specific temperature.

[0035] The high temperature resistant capsule 4 is used to encapsulate the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1, the loading device 2 and the wireless data transmission chip 302, so as to prevent the real-time high temperature warning system of the power equipment from being affected by the external environment such as physical damage.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, the high temperature resistant capsule 4 has evenly distributed circular pores 401, which ensures the consistency of the temperature inside and outside the high temperature resistant capsule.

[0037] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, when the system of the present invention is used to provide high-temperature early warning for electrical equipment joints, the type of thermoplastic polymer is determined based on the temperature value required for the early warning, the structural parameters of the chiral tube (thickness, number of circumferential and axial regular hexagonal cells 101, side length of the regular hexagonal cells 101, and width of the Z-shaped chiral legs 102) are designed, and a prestressed spring 202 is selected that can provide a specific axial pressure (under this specific axial pressure, the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1 will buckle at the temperature required for the early warning). When the electrical equipment joint reaches the temperature required for the early warning, the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial 1 buckles, causing the shape of the ultra-thin piezoelectric layer 301 to suddenly change. This buckling deformation information is converted into a voltage signal, which is received by the wireless data transmission chip 302 and transmitted to the data analysis tool 305. At this time, the voltage signal curve obtained by the data analysis tool 305 shows an inflection point. Therefore, by observing the inflection point of the voltage signal curve, a real-time, accurate, and effective early warning of a specific high temperature at the electrical equipment joint can be achieved.

[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the above embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A real-time high-temperature warning system for power equipment based on tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials, characterized in that: The system comprises a tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial (1), a loading device (2), and a deformation monitoring system (3); the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial (1) has the properties of thermoplastic polymers, Young's modulus and yield strength being regulated by temperature, and chiral tubes, Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio being regulated by substructure design; The tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial (1) is made of a thermoplastic polymer and consists of a plurality of groups of periodically arranged chiral units, each group of chiral units being provided with a regular hexagonal cell (101) and six Z-shaped chiral legs (102) arranged along the periphery of the regular hexagonal cell (101), and adjacent chiral units being connected via the Z-shaped chiral legs (102); The loading device (2) includes two lightweight rigid fixtures (201) and four prestressed springs (202). The tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial (1) is installed between the two lightweight rigid fixtures (201). Both ends of the prestressed spring (202) in a stretched state are fixed to the lightweight rigid fixture (201). A uniformly distributed axial pressure is applied to the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial (1). The four prestressed springs (202) are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the lightweight rigid fixture (201). The type of thermoplastic polymer is determined according to the temperature value required for warning, the structural parameters of the chiral tube are designed, and the prestressed spring that can provide a specific axial pressure is selected. Under the specific axial pressure, the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial will buckle at the temperature required for warning. The structural parameters of the chiral tube include thickness, the number of circumferential and axial regular hexagonal cells, the side length of the regular hexagonal cells, and the width of the Z-shaped chiral legs. The deformation monitoring system (3) comprises an extremely thin piezoelectric layer (301) coated on the outer surface of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial (1), and converts deformation information of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial (1) and the extremely thin piezoelectric layer (301) into a voltage signal, obtains a voltage signal curve, analyzes the voltage signal curve, and issues a high temperature warning by determining the inflection point of the voltage signal curve.

2. The real-time high temperature warning system for power equipment based on tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The deformation monitoring system (3) further includes a wireless data transmission chip (302), two gold electrodes (303), two wires (304) and a data analysis tool (305); Two gold electrodes (303) are respectively attached to the outer surface of the ultra-thin piezoelectric layer (301) and the inner surface of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial (1), and are connected to the wireless data transmission chip (302) via two wires (304); the deformation information of the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial (1) and the ultra-thin piezoelectric layer (301) is converted into a voltage signal, which is received by the wireless data transmission chip (302) and transmitted to the data analysis tool (305); when the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial (1) is bent, due to the sudden change in the shape of the ultra-thin piezoelectric layer (301), the voltage signal curve obtained by the data analysis tool (305) has an inflection point, indicating that the temperature of the power equipment has reached a specific temperature, thereby realizing an early warning of the specific temperature.

3. The real-time high temperature warning system for electric power equipment based on tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The real-time high-temperature warning system for electric power equipment further comprises a high-temperature resistant capsule (4) for encapsulating the tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterial (1), the loading device (2) and the wireless data transmission chip (302), thereby preventing the real-time high-temperature warning system for electric power equipment from being affected by the external environment.

4. The real-time high temperature warning system for power equipment based on tubular chiral thermodynamic metamaterials according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The high-temperature resistant capsule (4) has evenly distributed circular pores (401), which ensure the consistency of the temperature inside and outside the high-temperature resistant capsule.

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