Gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction testing apparatus and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fuel cell, especially to a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction test device and method, which is used with a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and comprises a gas chamber and an electrolyte chamber; the gas chamber is a first cavity with an internal hollow, and an electrode window is arranged on the side of the first cavity, and a membrane electrode or a gas diffusion electrode is arranged on the electrode window; an air inlet and an air outlet are arranged at the top of the gas chamber; the electrolyte chamber is a second cavity with an internal hollow, and the top of the second cavity is open, and a contact window is arranged on the side of the second cavity; one side of the gas chamber provided with the electrode window is connected to one side of the electrolyte chamber provided with the contact window; in use, the counter electrode and the reference electrode are inserted into the second cavity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a device and method for testing the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction properties of a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode. Background Technology

[0002] The membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is a core component of a fuel cell, and its characteristics determine the fuel cell's power generation performance and durability. Therefore, MEA performance calibration and characteristic identification are crucial. Currently, MEA performance characterization is mainly based on single-cell tooling testing for rapid selection and problem identification in the early stages. However, the discharge performance of a single cell is actually determined by the combined performance of oxygen reduction at the cathode and hydrogen oxidation at the anode. Therefore, the actual performance of the anode and cathode is uncertain during the development and selection phase. Furthermore, for MEAs used later, failure analysis and offline analysis cannot be performed solely from the perspective of a single cell to identify the individual performance degradation of the anode and cathode.

[0003] Gas Diffusion Electrodes and Methods for Fabricating and Testing Same (Patent Application No.: PCT / US2013 / 064073) employs a three-electrode system consisting of a gas diffusion electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode, all simultaneously immersed in an electrolyte. This system can measure the oxygen reduction performance or water electrolysis performance of the gas diffusion electrode. Similar gas diffusion electrode testing devices or methods to PCT / US2013 / 064073 can use the membrane electrode or the entire gas diffusion electrode as the working electrode; however, immersing the entire working electrode in the electrolyte does not accurately reflect the gas transport behavior in actual reaction processes. Furthermore, similar patents typically only test water electrolysis or oxygen reduction performance, not hydrogen oxidation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to provide a device and method for testing the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction properties of a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode, which is used in conjunction with a reference electrode and a counter electrode. The device includes a gas chamber and an electrolyte chamber. The gas chamber is a hollow first chamber with an electrode window on its side, on which a membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode is mounted. An inlet and an outlet are located at the top of the gas chamber. The electrolyte chamber is a hollow second chamber with an opening at the top and a contact window on its side. The side of the gas chamber with the electrode window is connected to the side of the electrolyte chamber with the contact window. In use, the counter electrode and the reference electrode extend into the second chamber.

[0005] Rapid performance calibration of fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), especially techniques and methods for independent calibration of cathode and anode performance, is crucial for assessing MEA characteristics and diagnosing faulty MEAs offline. However, current MEA characterization methods are based on single-cell fixtures, which can only calibrate the overall discharge performance of the MEA (integrating cathode oxygen reduction and anode hydrogen oxidation). Traditional rotating disk tests can only characterize catalyst-level performance and cannot account for diffusion effects, resulting in significant discrepancies with actual MEA performance during operation. Therefore, this patent designs a gas diffusion fixture and develops corresponding testing methods to rapidly calibrate the cathode oxygen reduction and anode hydrogen oxidation performance of the MEA separately, thus enabling independent performance calibration of the anode and cathode.

[0006] In this invention, the electrolyte chamber is primarily used to construct a three-electrode system with the reference electrode, counter electrode, and membrane electrode. The reference electrode can be a saturated calomel electrode or a silver / silver chloride electrode, and the counter electrode can be a platinum sheet or other types of shape-stabilized anodes. The electrolyte can be a 1 mol / L or higher concentration H₂SO₄ or HClO₄ solution. A higher concentration of electrolyte can reduce the mass transfer resistance inside the membrane electrode, and the electrolyte level should be higher than the upper edge of the contact window. The contact window of the electrolyte chamber can be designed to be smaller than the area of ​​the electrode window in the gas chamber; the actual working electrode area should be based on the contact window area of ​​the electrolyte.

[0007] In this invention, the gas chamber is used to simulate the gas transport behavior under actual membrane electrode working conditions. The groove within the gas chamber, where the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode is placed, can be designed with corresponding flow channels to realistically simulate the internal conditions of a battery. When testing the oxygen reduction performance of the membrane electrode, oxygen or air can be passed through the gas chamber; when testing the hydrogen oxidation performance of the membrane electrode, hydrogen needs to be passed through the gas chamber.

[0008] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The first objective of this invention is to provide a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode for testing the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction properties, which is used in conjunction with a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and includes a gas chamber and an electrolyte chamber.

[0010] The gas chamber is a hollow first chamber. The interior of the chamber can be designed with corresponding flow channels to simulate the internal structure of a single cell. An electrode window is provided on the side of the first chamber, and a membrane electrode or a gas diffusion electrode is provided on the electrode window. An air inlet and an air outlet are provided at the top of the gas chamber.

[0011] The electrolyte chamber is a hollow second chamber with an opening at the top and a contact window on the side; the side of the gas chamber with the electrode window is connected to the side of the electrolyte chamber with the contact window.

[0012] In use, the counter electrode and the reference electrode extend into the second chamber.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the air chamber is provided with a plurality of first holes, the first holes penetrating the air chamber along the thickness direction, and the first holes are provided at the four corners of the air chamber.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of second holes are provided on the electrolyte chamber, the second holes penetrating the electrolyte chamber along the thickness direction, and the second holes are provided at the four corners of the electrolyte chamber;

[0015] The first hole and the second hole are the same number and are located opposite each other.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gas chamber and the electrolyte chamber are connected by a bolt assembly; the number of the bolt assembly is the same as the number of the first holes.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bolt assembly includes a screw and a nut, wherein the screw extends sequentially through a first hole and a second hole and is then secured by the nut.

[0018] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gas chamber and the electrolyte chamber have the same size and dimensions on the side that are in contact with each other.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, a reserved channel is provided on one side of the gas chamber where the electrode window is located, and the reserved channel extends along the top of the electrode window to the top of the first chamber.

[0020] In one embodiment of the invention, the second chamber contains an electrolyte, the height of which is higher than the top height of the contact window.

[0021] A second objective of this invention is to provide a test method for the above-mentioned gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction performance testing device, wherein the test method is selected from one of oxygen reduction performance testing, hydrogen oxidation performance testing, or membrane electrode potential cycle durability testing.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen reduction performance test includes the following steps:

[0023] With the cathode side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode facing away from the electrolyte chamber, introduce air or oxygen at a certain flow rate or pressure into the gas chamber inlet, and fix the gas chamber and electrolyte chamber; add electrolyte into the electrolyte chamber, and place the reference electrode and counter electrode; apply polarization potential to the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode using an electrochemical workstation, and repeat the calibration until the curves coincide and stabilize, which is taken as the polarization curve of its oxygen reduction performance;

[0024] The polarization potential is 1.2V-0V vs. RHE.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen oxidation performance test includes the following steps:

[0026] With the anode side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode facing away from the electrolyte chamber, hydrogen gas of a certain flow rate or pressure is introduced into the gas chamber inlet. After fixing the gas chamber and electrolyte chamber, an appropriate amount of electrolyte is added to the electrolyte chamber, and a reference electrode and a counter electrode are placed in it. The polarization potential is applied to the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode using an electrochemical workstation. The calibration is repeated until the curves coincide and stabilize, which is used as the polarization curve of hydrogen oxidation performance.

[0027] The polarization potential is -0.1V to -0.5V vs. RHE.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the membrane electrode potential cycling durability test includes the following steps:

[0029] Orient the cathode side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode away from the electrolyte chamber. Introduce air at a certain flow rate or pressure into the gas chamber inlet. After fixing the gas chamber and electrolyte chamber, add an appropriate amount of electrolyte into the electrolyte chamber and place the reference electrode and counter electrode in it. Apply polarization potential to the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode using an electrochemical workstation. Repeat the calibration until the curves coincide and stabilize, and use this as the polarization curve before cycling.

[0030] After the membrane electrode undergoes long-term potential cycling, the above steps are repeated, and the resulting polarization curve is used as the post-cycle polarization curve. The durability of the membrane electrode under potential cycling is determined by the change in the post-cycle polarization curve relative to the pre-cycle polarization curve.

[0031] The long-term cycling potential is 0.65V-0.95V vs. RHE, and the calibrated polarization potential is 1.2V-0V vs. RHE.

[0032] This device can also be used for offline analysis of failed or degraded membrane electrodes. By comparing the oxygen reduction performance and hydrogen oxidation performance of failed or degraded membrane electrodes with those of new membrane electrodes, the performance degradation of a certain side can be effectively quantified.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) The present invention can quickly characterize the performance of the cathode and anode of the membrane electrode separately, thereby obtaining more comprehensive performance data than single cell testing; at the same time, the testing method can effectively take into account practical factors such as gas diffusion, and is more in line with actual reaction performance than the traditional disk electrode test.

[0035] (2) Since the present invention only characterizes one side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode in each test, it does not emphasize the integrity of the membrane electrode. From the perspective of rapid verification and membrane electrode selection in the early stage, it is entirely possible to coat only the membrane electrode on the reaction side and only attach the carbon paper on the reaction side.

[0036] (3) This invention does not emphasize the gas diffusion layer structure of the membrane electrode or the gas diffusion electrode. In particular, for the membrane electrode, it can be tested without a carbon paper structure. At the same time, different carbon papers can be replaced on the same membrane electrode for testing, which is helpful for quickly comparing the mass transfer ability of carbon paper. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a test fixture structure according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electrolyte chamber in a test fixture according to the present invention;

[0039] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Gas chamber; 2. Electrolyte chamber; 3. Electrode window; 4. Contact window; 5. First hole; 6. Second hole; 7. Gas inlet; 8. Gas outlet; 9. Reserved channel; 10. Reference electrode; 11. Counter electrode. Detailed Implementation

[0040] This invention provides a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode for testing the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction properties of a gaseous diffusion electrode, which is used in conjunction with a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and includes a gas chamber and an electrolyte chamber.

[0041] The gas chamber is a hollow first chamber. The interior of the chamber can be designed with corresponding flow channels to simulate the internal structure of a single cell. An electrode window is provided on the side of the first chamber, and a membrane electrode or a gas diffusion electrode is provided on the electrode window. An air inlet and an air outlet are provided at the top of the gas chamber.

[0042] The electrolyte chamber is a hollow second chamber with an opening at the top and a contact window on the side; the side of the gas chamber with the electrode window is connected to the side of the electrolyte chamber with the contact window.

[0043] In use, the counter electrode and the reference electrode extend into the second chamber.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present invention, the air chamber is provided with a plurality of first holes, the first holes penetrating the air chamber along the thickness direction, and the first holes are provided at the four corners of the air chamber.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of second holes are provided on the electrolyte chamber, the second holes penetrating the electrolyte chamber along the thickness direction, and the second holes are provided at the four corners of the electrolyte chamber;

[0046] The first hole and the second hole are the same number and are located opposite each other.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gas chamber and the electrolyte chamber are connected by a bolt assembly; the number of the bolt assembly is the same as the number of the first holes.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bolt assembly includes a screw and a nut, wherein the screw extends sequentially through a first hole and a second hole and is then secured by the nut.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention, the gas chamber and the electrolyte chamber have the same size and dimensions on the side that are in contact with each other.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present invention, a reserved channel is provided on one side of the gas chamber where the electrode window is located, and the reserved channel extends along the top of the electrode window to the top of the first chamber.

[0051] In one embodiment of the invention, the second chamber contains an electrolyte, the height of which is higher than the top height of the contact window.

[0052] The present invention provides a test method for the above-mentioned gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction performance test device, wherein the test method is selected from one of oxygen reduction performance test, hydrogen oxidation performance test, or membrane electrode potential cycle durability test.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen reduction performance test includes the following steps:

[0054] With the cathode side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode facing away from the electrolyte chamber, introduce air or oxygen at a certain flow rate or pressure into the gas chamber inlet, and fix the gas chamber and electrolyte chamber; add electrolyte into the electrolyte chamber, and place the reference electrode and counter electrode; apply polarization potential to the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode using an electrochemical workstation, and repeat the calibration until the curves coincide and stabilize, which is taken as the polarization curve of its oxygen reduction performance;

[0055] The polarization potential is 1.2V-0V vs. RHE.

[0056] In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen oxidation performance test includes the following steps:

[0057] With the anode side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode facing away from the electrolyte chamber, hydrogen gas of a certain flow rate or pressure is introduced into the gas chamber inlet. After fixing the gas chamber and electrolyte chamber, an appropriate amount of electrolyte is added to the electrolyte chamber, and a reference electrode and a counter electrode are placed in it. The polarization potential is applied to the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode using an electrochemical workstation. The calibration is repeated until the curves coincide and stabilize, which is used as the polarization curve of hydrogen oxidation performance.

[0058] The polarization potential is -0.1V to -0.5V vs. RHE.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, the membrane electrode potential cycling durability test includes the following steps:

[0060] Orient the cathode side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode away from the electrolyte chamber. Introduce air at a certain flow rate or pressure into the gas chamber inlet. After fixing the gas chamber and electrolyte chamber, add an appropriate amount of electrolyte into the electrolyte chamber and place the reference electrode and counter electrode in it. Apply polarization potential to the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode using an electrochemical workstation. Repeat the calibration until the curves coincide and stabilize, and use this as the polarization curve before cycling.

[0061] After the membrane electrode undergoes long-term potential cycling, the above steps are repeated, and the resulting polarization curve is used as the post-cycle polarization curve. The durability of the membrane electrode under potential cycling is determined by the change in the post-cycle polarization curve relative to the pre-cycle polarization curve.

[0062] The long-term cycling potential is 0.65V-0.95V vs. RHE, and the calibrated polarization potential is 1.2V-0V vs. RHE.

[0063] This device can also be used for offline analysis of failed or degraded membrane electrodes. By comparing the oxygen reduction performance and hydrogen oxidation performance of failed or degraded membrane electrodes with those of new membrane electrodes, the performance degradation of a certain side can be effectively quantified.

[0064] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0065] In the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, all reagents used are commercially available reagents, and all detection methods and techniques used are conventional detection methods and techniques in the art.

[0066] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0067] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0068] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0069] Example 1

[0070] This embodiment provides a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode for testing the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction properties, such as... Figure 1-2As shown, it is used in conjunction with the reference electrode 10 and the counter electrode 11, and includes a gas chamber 1 and an electrolyte chamber 2. The gas chamber 1 is a hollow first chamber (the internal flow channels of the chamber can be designed as needed to simulate the internal structure of a single cell). An electrode window 3 is provided on the side of the first chamber, and a membrane electrode or a gas diffusion electrode is provided on the electrode window 3. An air inlet 7 and an air outlet 8 are provided at the top of the gas chamber 1. A reserved channel 9 for connecting external circuits is provided on the side of the gas chamber 1 where the electrode window 3 is provided, and the reserved channel 9 extends along the top of the electrode window 3 to the top of the first chamber. A first hole 5 is provided at each of the four corners of the gas chamber 1, and the first hole 5 extends along the thickness of the gas chamber 1. The gas chamber 1 is a through-hole; the electrolyte chamber 2 is a hollow second chamber with an opening at the top and a contact window 4 on the side; the side of the gas chamber 1 with the electrode window 3 is connected to the side of the electrolyte chamber 2 with the contact window 4; a second hole 6 is provided at each of the four corners of the electrolyte chamber 2, and the second hole 6 penetrates the electrolyte chamber 2 along the thickness direction; the gas chamber 1 and the electrolyte chamber 2 have the same size on the side that are in contact and are connected by a bolt assembly; the bolt assembly includes a screw and a nut, and the screw extends out of the first hole 5 and the second hole 6 in sequence and is then fixed by the nut (the number of bolt assemblies is the same as the number of first holes 5 or second holes 6);

[0071] In use, electrolyte is added to electrolyte chamber 2, with the electrolyte level higher than the top of contact window 4; then the counter electrode 11 and reference electrode 10 are inserted into the electrolyte; the electrolyte can be a 1 mol / L or higher concentration H2SO4 or HClO4 solution, and a high concentration electrolyte can reduce the mass transfer resistance inside the membrane electrode; the contact window 4 can be smaller than the electrode window 3, and the actual working electrode area is based on the area of ​​the contact window 4.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This embodiment provides a testing method for a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction testing device, including the following steps:

[0074] With the cathode side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode facing away from the electrolyte chamber 2, introduce air or oxygen at a certain flow rate or pressure into the air inlet 7 of the gas chamber 1, and fix the gas chamber 1 and the electrolyte chamber 2; add electrolyte into the electrolyte chamber 2, and place the reference electrode 10 and the counter electrode 11; and apply polarization potential to the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode using an electrochemical workstation, repeating the calibration until the curves coincide and stabilize, which is taken as the polarization curve of its oxygen reduction performance;

[0075] The polarization potential is 1.2V-0V vs. RHE.

[0076] Example 3

[0077] This embodiment provides a testing method for a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction testing device, including the following steps:

[0078] With the anode side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode facing away from the electrolyte chamber 2, hydrogen gas of a certain flow rate or pressure is introduced into the gas inlet 7 of the gas chamber 1. After fixing the gas chamber 1 and the electrolyte chamber 2, an appropriate amount of electrolyte is added to the electrolyte chamber 2, and the reference electrode 10 and the counter electrode 11 are placed in. The polarization potential is applied to the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode using an electrochemical workstation. The calibration is repeated until the curves coincide and stabilize, which is used as the polarization curve of the hydrogen oxidation performance.

[0079] The polarization potential is -0.1V to -0.5V vs. RHE.

[0080] Example 4

[0081] This embodiment provides a testing method for a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction testing device, including the following steps:

[0082] With the cathode side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode facing away from the electrolyte chamber 2, introduce air at a certain flow rate or pressure into the air inlet 7 of the gas chamber 1. After fixing the gas chamber 1 and the electrolyte chamber 2, add an appropriate amount of electrolyte into the electrolyte chamber 2, and place the reference electrode 10 and the counter electrode 11. Apply polarization potential to the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode using an electrochemical workstation, and repeat the calibration until the curves coincide and stabilize, which is taken as the polarization curve before cycling.

[0083] The above steps are repeated after the membrane electrode potential is cycled, and the resulting polarization curve is used as the post-cycle polarization curve. The durability of the membrane electrode potential during cycling is determined by the change in the post-cycle polarization curve relative to the pre-cycle polarization curve.

[0084] The long-term cycling potential is 0.65V-0.95V vs. RHE, and the calibrated polarization potential is 1.2V-0V vs. RHE.

[0085] The durability of membrane electrodes or gas diffusion electrodes can be assessed laterally by comparing their polarization curves before and after cycling.

[0086] The above description of the embodiments is provided to enable those skilled in the art to understand and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these embodiments, and the general principles described herein can be applied to other embodiments without inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the interpretation of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the invention, should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode for testing the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction properties, used in conjunction with a reference electrode (10) and a counter electrode (11), characterized in that, It includes a gas chamber (1) and an electrolyte chamber (2); The gas chamber (1) is a hollow first chamber. The interior of the chamber is designed with a corresponding flow channel structure to simulate the internal structure of a single cell. An electrode window (3) is provided on the side of the first chamber. A membrane electrode or a gas diffusion electrode is provided on the electrode window (3). An air inlet (7) and an air outlet (8) are provided at the top of the gas chamber (1). The electrolyte chamber (2) is a hollow second chamber with an opening at the top and a contact window (4) on the side; the side of the gas chamber (1) with the electrode window (3) is connected to the side of the electrolyte chamber (2) with the contact window (4); When in use, the counter electrode (11) and the reference electrode (10) are inserted into the second chamber; The air chamber (1) is provided with a plurality of first holes (5), the first holes (5) penetrate the air chamber (1) along the thickness direction of the air chamber (1), and the first holes (5) are located at the four corners of the air chamber (1). The electrolyte chamber (2) is provided with a plurality of second holes (6), the second holes (6) penetrate the electrolyte chamber (2) along the thickness direction of the electrolyte chamber (2), and the second holes (6) are located at the four corners of the electrolyte chamber (2); the number of first holes (5) and second holes (6) is the same and their positions are opposite; The gas chamber (1) has a reserved channel (9) on one side where the electrode window (3) is provided, and the reserved channel (9) extends along the top of the electrode window (3) to the top of the first chamber; The second chamber contains an electrolyte, the level of which is higher than the top of the contact window (4).

2. The gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas chamber (1) and the electrolyte chamber (2) are connected by bolt assemblies; the number of bolt assemblies is the same as the number of first holes (5).

3. The gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bolt assembly includes a screw and a nut, wherein the screw extends sequentially through a first hole (5) and a second hole (6) and is then secured with a nut.

4. The gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas chamber (1) and the electrolyte chamber (2) are in contact on the same side and have the same size.

5. A test method for a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction testing device as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The test method is selected from one of the following: oxygen reduction performance test, hydrogen oxidation performance test, or membrane electrode potential cycle durability test.

6. The test method for a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction test device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The oxygen reduction performance test includes the following steps: With the cathode side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode facing away from the electrolyte chamber (2), air or oxygen is introduced into the gas inlet (7) of the gas chamber (1) to fix the gas chamber (1) and the electrolyte chamber (2); electrolyte is added into the electrolyte chamber (2), and a reference electrode (10) and a counter electrode (11) are placed in it; and a polarization potential is applied to the membrane electrode using an electrochemical workstation, and the calibration is repeated until the curves coincide and stabilize, which is taken as the polarization curve of its oxygen reduction performance; The polarization potential is 1.2V-0V vs. RHE.

7. The test method for a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction test device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The hydrogen oxidation performance test includes the following steps: With the anode side of the membrane electrode or gas diffusion electrode facing away from the electrolyte chamber (2), hydrogen gas is introduced into the gas inlet (7) of the gas chamber (1). After fixing the gas chamber (1) and the electrolyte chamber (2), an appropriate amount of electrolyte is added to the electrolyte chamber (2), and a reference electrode (10) and a counter electrode (11) are placed in it. The polarization potential is applied to the membrane electrode using an electrochemical workstation. The calibration is repeated until the curves coincide and stabilize, which is used as the polarization curve of the hydrogen oxidation performance. The polarization potentials are -0.1V to -0.5V vs. RHE.

8. The test method for a gas diffusion electrode or membrane electrode hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction test device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Membrane electrode potential cycling durability testing includes the following steps: With the cathode side of the membrane electrode facing away from the electrolyte chamber (2), a certain flow rate or pressure of air is introduced into the air inlet (7) of the gas chamber (1). After fixing the gas chamber (1) and the electrolyte chamber (2), an appropriate amount of electrolyte is added to the electrolyte chamber (2), and a reference electrode (10) and a counter electrode (11) are placed in it. The polarization potential is applied to the membrane electrode using an electrochemical workstation. The calibration is repeated until the curves coincide and stabilize, which is used as the polarization curve before cycling. The above steps are repeated after the membrane electrode potential is cycled, and the resulting polarization curve is used as the post-cycle polarization curve. The durability of the membrane electrode potential during cycling is determined by the change in the post-cycle polarization curve relative to the pre-cycle polarization curve. The cyclic potential is 0.65V-0.95V vs. RHE, and the polarization potential is 1.2V-0V vs. RHE.

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