Pulse discrimination method, apparatus, digital device, and storage medium

Abstract

This application discloses a pulse discrimination method, apparatus, digitization device, and storage medium. The method includes: presetting multiple sampling thresholds, and performing multi-threshold sampling on the pulse to be discerned based on the multiple sampling thresholds to obtain multiple sets of sampled data; determining a target triangle related to the pulse waveform of the pulse to be discerned based on the multiple sets of sampled data; and determining the type of the pulse to be discerned based at least on the target trigonometric function value set of the target triangle. This application determines the target triangle representing the shape of the pulse waveform of the pulse to be discerned with relatively little sampled data, and uses the difference between the target triangle and reference triangles representing functions of various pulse types to determine the type of the pulse to be discerned, achieving accurate pulse type determination without a large amount of sampled data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of data processing, and in particular to a pulse discrimination method, apparatus, digitization device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] In a range of applications of high-energy rays, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and radiation detection, such as geological exploration and security inspection, high-energy rays, such as gamma rays, are converted into visible light signals by scintillation crystals. These visible light signals are then further converted into scintillation pulse signals by photoelectric conversion devices. By sampling and processing the scintillation pulse signals, a series of application images, energy spectrum information, or time spectrum information can be obtained.

[0003] However, scintillation crystals can react with more than one type of high-energy radiation. For example, scintillation crystals can react not only with gamma photons but also with neutrons. After the optical signal is converted into an electrical signal by a photomultiplier tube, a pulse signal with a similar shape is obtained. In subsequent signal processing, these mixed pulse signals are treated as a single pulse signal to obtain energy spectrum information. If the pulse signals are not distinguished, the final energy spectrum information will be inaccurate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of this application is how to distinguish the pulse signals generated by different high-energy particles.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this application discloses a pulse discrimination method, apparatus, digitization device, and storage medium.

[0006] According to a first aspect of this application, a pulse discrimination method is provided. The method includes: presetting multiple sampling thresholds, and performing multi-threshold sampling on the pulse to be discerned based on the multiple sampling thresholds to obtain multiple sets of sampling data; determining a target triangle related to the pulse waveform of the pulse to be discerned based on the multiple sets of sampling data; and determining the type of the pulse to be discerned based at least on the target trigonometric function value set of the target triangle.

[0007] According to some embodiments of this application, multiple sampling thresholds are preset, including: acquiring multiple known pulses of a defined type; determining multiple peak values ​​of the multiple known pulses; and determining multiple sampling thresholds based on the multiple peak values.

[0008] According to some embodiments of this application, the maximum sampling threshold among multiple sampling thresholds is equal to the maximum peak value among multiple peak values; or, the maximum sampling threshold among multiple sampling thresholds is less than the maximum peak value among multiple peak values.

[0009] According to some embodiments of this application, the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified includes a rising edge whose amplitude increases continuously over time and a falling edge that is continuous with the rising edge and whose amplitude decreases continuously over time; the target triangle is composed of a first straight line for representing the rising edge of the pulse to be identified, a second straight line for representing the falling edge of the pulse to be identified, and a horizontal axis for representing the passage of time.

[0010] According to some embodiments of this application, multiple sets of sampled data include multiple first threshold-time pairs when the rising edge of the pulse to be identified crosses multiple sampling thresholds, and multiple second threshold-time pairs when the falling edge of the pulse to be identified crosses multiple sampling thresholds; determining a first straight line and a second straight line includes: performing a straight line fitting operation based on multiple first threshold-time pairs to determine a first straight line; and performing a straight line fitting operation based on multiple second threshold-time pairs to determine a second straight line.

[0011] According to some embodiments of this application, the line fitting operation is implemented based on the least squares method, interpolation method, or polishing method.

[0012] According to some embodiments of this application, determining the type of a pulse to be identified based on a target trigonometric function value set of a target triangle includes: obtaining multiple reference trigonometric function value sets corresponding to multiple pulse types, wherein the number of target trigonometric function values ​​contained in the target trigonometric function value set is the same as the number of reference trigonometric function values ​​contained in the reference trigonometric function value set; determining multiple degrees of difference between the pulse to be identified and multiple pulses related to the pulse types based on the target trigonometric function value set and the multiple reference trigonometric function value sets; and determining the type of the pulse to be identified based on the multiple degrees of difference, wherein the type indicates the type of high-energy particle corresponding to the pulse to be identified.

[0013] According to some embodiments of this application, the difference includes the sum of squared residuals between the target trigonometric function value set and the reference trigonometric function value set; determining the type of pulse to be identified includes: determining the minimum sum of squared residuals among multiple sums of squared residuals; specifying the pulse type corresponding to the minimum sum of squared residuals as the type of pulse to be identified.

[0014] According to some embodiments of this application, the reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to the pulse type is determined based on multiple known pulses belonging to the pulse type, including: for each known pulse, performing multi-threshold sampling on the known pulse based on multiple preset reference thresholds to obtain multiple sets of reference sampling data; determining a reference triangle related to the pulse waveform of the known pulse based on the multiple sets of reference sampling data; determining a candidate trigonometric function value set related to the reference triangle; and determining the reference trigonometric function value set based on the multiple candidate trigonometric function value sets.

[0015] According to some embodiments of this application, the target trigonometric function value set includes three target tangent values ​​of the three interior angles of the target triangle, and the reference trigonometric function value includes three reference tangent values ​​corresponding to the three interior angles of multiple reference triangles; the reference tangent value is the average of multiple candidate tangent values ​​corresponding to the interior angles; determining multiple degrees of difference between the pulse to be identified and multiple pulse types includes: determining the sum of squared residuals between the three target tangent values ​​and the three reference tangent values ​​as the degree of difference.

[0016] According to a second aspect of this application, a pulse discrimination device is provided. The device includes a sampling module, a determination module, and a judgment module; the sampling module is used to preset multiple sampling thresholds and perform multi-threshold sampling on the pulse to be discerned based on the multiple sampling thresholds to obtain multiple sets of sampling data; the determination module is used to determine a target triangle related to the pulse waveform of the pulse to be discerned based on the multiple sets of sampling data; the judgment module is used to determine the type of the pulse to be discerned based at least on the target trigonometric function value set of the target triangle.

[0017] According to some embodiments of this application, in order to preset multiple sampling thresholds, the sampling module is used to: acquire multiple known pulses of a defined type; determine multiple peak values ​​of the multiple known pulses; and determine multiple sampling thresholds based on the multiple peak values.

[0018] According to some embodiments of this application, the maximum sampling threshold among multiple sampling thresholds is equal to the maximum peak value among multiple peak values; or, the maximum sampling threshold among multiple sampling thresholds is less than the maximum peak value among multiple peak values.

[0019] According to some embodiments of this application, the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified includes a rising edge whose amplitude increases continuously over time and a falling edge that is continuous with the rising edge and whose amplitude decreases continuously over time; the target triangle is composed of a first straight line for representing the rising edge of the pulse to be identified, a second straight line for representing the falling edge of the pulse to be identified, and a horizontal axis for representing the passage of time.

[0020] According to some embodiments of this application, multiple sets of sampled data include multiple first threshold-time pairs when the rising edge of the pulse to be identified crosses multiple sampling thresholds, and multiple second threshold-time pairs when the falling edge of the pulse to be identified crosses multiple sampling thresholds; to determine a first straight line and a second straight line, the determining module is configured to: perform a straight line fitting operation based on multiple first threshold-time pairs to determine a first straight line; and perform a straight line fitting operation based on multiple second threshold-time pairs to determine a second straight line.

[0021] According to some embodiments of this application, the line fitting operation is implemented based on the least squares method, interpolation method, or polishing method.

[0022] According to some embodiments of this application, to determine the type of a pulse to be identified based on a target trigonometric function value set of a target triangle, the determination module is configured to: acquire multiple reference trigonometric function value sets corresponding to multiple pulse types, wherein the number of target trigonometric function values ​​contained in the target trigonometric function value set is the same as the number of reference trigonometric function values ​​contained in the reference trigonometric function value set; determine multiple differences between the pulse to be identified and multiple pulses related to the pulse types based on the target trigonometric function value set and the multiple reference trigonometric function value sets; and determine the type of the pulse to be identified based on the multiple differences, wherein the type indicates the type of high-energy particle corresponding to the pulse to be identified.

[0023] According to some embodiments of this application, the difference includes the sum of squared residuals between the target trigonometric function value set and the reference trigonometric function value set; in order to determine the type of the pulse to be identified, the determination module is used to: determine the minimum sum of squared residuals among multiple sums of squared residuals; and specify the pulse type corresponding to the minimum sum of squared residuals as the type of the pulse to be identified.

[0024] According to some embodiments of this application, the reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to the pulse type is determined based on multiple known pulses belonging to the pulse type. To obtain the reference trigonometric function value set, the determination module is used to: for each known pulse, perform multi-threshold sampling on the known pulse based on multiple preset reference thresholds to obtain multiple sets of reference sampling data; determine a reference triangle related to the pulse waveform of the known pulse based on the multiple sets of reference sampling data; determine a candidate trigonometric function value set related to the reference triangle; and determine the reference trigonometric function value set based on the multiple candidate trigonometric function value sets.

[0025] According to some embodiments of this application, the target trigonometric function value set includes three target tangent values ​​of the three interior angles of the target triangle, and the reference trigonometric function value includes three reference tangent values ​​corresponding to the three interior angles of multiple reference triangles; the reference tangent value is the average of multiple candidate tangent values ​​corresponding to the interior angles; in order to determine multiple degrees of difference between the pulse to be identified and multiple pulse types, the determination module is used to: determine the sum of squared residuals between the three target tangent values ​​and the three reference tangent values ​​as the degree of difference.

[0026] According to a third aspect of this application, a pulse discrimination device is provided. The device includes a pulse processing circuit board, which performs a multi-threshold sampling operation on the pulse to be discriminated and implements the pulse discrimination method described above.

[0027] According to a fourth aspect of this application, a digital device is provided. The digital device includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the method described above.

[0028] According to a fifth aspect of this application, a digital device is provided. The digital device includes the pulse discrimination device as described above.

[0029] According to a sixth aspect of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. A computer program is stored on the storage medium, and when executed by a processor, the computer program implements the steps of the method described above.

[0030] The pulse discrimination method disclosed in this application determines the shape of the target triangle of the pulse waveform used to characterize the pulse to be discriminated using a small amount of sampling data. The type of the pulse to be discriminated is determined by the difference between the target triangle and the reference triangle representing the functions of various pulse types. Accurate pulse type determination can be achieved without a large amount of sampling data. Attached Figure Description

[0031] This application will be further described by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting; in these embodiments, the same reference numerals denote the same structures, wherein:

[0032] Figure 1 This is an exemplary flowchart of a pulse discrimination method according to some embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is an exemplary flowchart illustrating the determination of the type of pulse to be identified according to some embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 3 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified according to some embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a comparative schematic diagram of the pulse shape generated by gamma photons and the pulse shape generated by neutrons according to some embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 5 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the target triangle shown according to some embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 6 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of a reference triangle shown according to some embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 7 This is an exemplary block diagram of a data processing system for pulse discrimination according to some embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 8 This is an exemplary functional block diagram of a data processing system for pulse discrimination according to some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0040] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0041] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly fixed to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is said to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The terms “and / or” or “and / or” as used herein include any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0043] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, illustrates some preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that the following description is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] Figure 1 This is an exemplary flowchart of a pulse discrimination method according to some embodiments of this application. In some embodiments, the pulse discrimination method 100 can be executed by a data processing system 700. For example, the pulse discrimination method 100 can be stored in a storage device (such as the built-in storage unit of the data processing system 700 or an external storage device) in the form of a program or instructions, which, when executed, can implement the pulse discrimination method 100. Figure 1 As shown, the pulse discrimination method 100 may include the following operations.

[0045] Step 110: Preset multiple sampling thresholds, and perform multi-threshold sampling on the pulse to be identified based on the multiple sampling thresholds to obtain multiple sets of sampling data.

[0046] In some embodiments, the pulse to be identified can be a pulse generated based on a certain high-energy particle / ray. The processing of the pulse to be identified, as disclosed in this application, can involve determining what kind of high-energy particle / ray it was generated from. High-energy particles / rays can include, but are not limited to, alpha particles / rays, beta particles / rays, gamma photons / rays, neutrons, mesons, neutrinos, protons, etc. The pulse to be identified can be acquired using a radiation detection device, such as a scintillation detector. This scintillation detector can include a scintillation crystal and a photoelectric conversion device coupled together. The scintillation crystal (e.g., BGO, PWO, LYSO:Ce, GAGG:Ce, NaI:TI, CsI:TI, LaBr3:Ce, BaF2, etc.) is used to convert the detected high-energy rays (such as gamma rays, neutron rays, etc.) into visible light signals, and the photoelectric conversion device (e.g., photomultiplier tube PMT, silicon photomultiplier tube SiPM, etc.) is used to convert the visible light signals into electrical signals, which are output as pulse signals through electronic devices connected to the photoelectric conversion device. By communicating with the radiation detection device, the data processing system 700 can acquire the pulse to be identified.

[0047] In some embodiments, the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified may include a rising edge whose amplitude increases over time and a falling edge that is continuous with the rising edge and whose amplitude decreases over time. (Reference) Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified, according to some embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 3 As shown, the pulse to be identified 300 includes a rising edge and a falling edge. The rising edge rises faster, while the falling edge falls slower. It can be seen that the shape of the pulse waveform will differ depending on the type of pulse to be identified. That is, the shapes of the rising and falling edges will be different.

[0048] refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 The diagram shows the pulse waveforms of pulses generated by gamma photons and pulses generated by neutrons. Solid lines represent the pulse waveforms of pulses generated by gamma photons, and dashed lines represent the pulse waveforms of pulses generated by neutrons. Figure 4 As shown, the pulse waveforms of pulses generated by gamma photons and those generated by neutrons differ in their falling edge portions, with the falling edge of the pulse generated by gamma photons exhibiting a faster rate of decline. These waveform differences can be used to identify pulses to be screened. For example, the type of pulse can be determined by identifying the difference between the falling edge of the pulse to be screened and the falling edges of pulses defined by these types.

[0049] In some embodiments, multiple sampling thresholds can be used to compare with the amplitude of the pulse to be identified to determine the time when the amplitude of the pulse to be identified exceeds the sampling threshold. These times, matched with the corresponding sampling thresholds, can form a series of sampling threshold-time pairs as sampling data. The type of sampling threshold can be changed accordingly depending on the form of the pulse to be identified. It is known that the pulse to be identified can be an electrical pulse signal, an acoustic pulse signal, a thermal pulse signal, a pressure wave signal, etc. For example, when the pulse signal is an electrical pulse signal, its corresponding characteristics can be the voltage or current of the electrical pulse signal. When the pulse signal is an acoustic pulse signal, its corresponding characteristic can be the sound intensity of the acoustic pulse signal. When the pulse signal is a thermal pulse signal, its corresponding characteristic can be the energy of the thermal pulse signal. When the pulse signal is a pressure wave signal, its corresponding characteristic can be the pressure of the pressure wave signal. Accordingly, the sampling threshold can be a voltage threshold, a current threshold, an energy threshold, a sound intensity threshold, a pressure threshold, etc. Furthermore, the pulse signal in this application can be extended to a continuous signal; generally, it is sufficient to consider the continuous signal as a pulse signal arranged according to a certain period. The pulse signal in this application is not used as a limitation on the sampling signal.

[0050] In some embodiments, the sampling threshold can be determined based on the peak value (also known as the maximum amplitude) of a known pulse of a defined type. A known pulse of a defined type can refer to a pulse whose type of high-energy particle is known. For example, a series of pulse signals can be acquired using a radiation detection device, and existing pulse discrimination methods such as rise time analysis (e.g., measuring the time required for the pulse amplitude to rise from 10% to 90%; pulses generated by different high-energy particles will require different times, allowing pulse discrimination by measuring this time) or frequency domain analysis (e.g., performing a Fourier transform on the pulse to obtain its spectrum; pulses generated by different high-energy particles will have significant differences in their high and low frequency spectrums, allowing pulse discrimination by measuring these differences) can be used to discriminate the type of high-energy particle that generated these pulse signals. As another example, neutron generators can be used to acquire neutrons, and gamma photons can be acquired through nuclear decay or gamma-ray generators, etc., to obtain high-energy particles of a defined type, which can then be detected by a radiation detection device to generate corresponding pulse signals.

[0051] In some embodiments, the maximum amplitude of a known pulse can be determined based on prior information. For example, information about the known pulse can be acquired using a high-sampling-rate digital oscilloscope to display its waveform (e.g., directly on the oscilloscope's display interface). When acquiring prior information about the known pulse, the digital oscilloscope can filter out noise using a low-frequency filter circuit and convert unfilterable noise into white noise using a high-frequency filter circuit, thereby making the acquired prior information more accurate. The maximum amplitude of the known pulse can be determined through information acquisition. After acquiring information from all known pulses, the peak value of each known pulse can be determined, and thus the amplitude range of each type of pulse can be determined.

[0052] In some embodiments, multiple sampling thresholds may not exceed the maximum peak value among multiple known pulse peaks. It is understood that when a sampling threshold is greater than the maximum peak value, it exceeds the peak value range of all types of known pulses, and the pulse to be identified will not exceed this sampling threshold. Therefore, this sampling threshold can be considered redundant and cannot serve the purpose of threshold comparison. Based on this, the maximum sampling threshold among multiple sampling thresholds may not exceed the maximum peak value. In some embodiments, the maximum sampling threshold may be equal to the maximum peak value. This covers the amplitude range of all types of pulses, ensuring that the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified obtains the most detailed information possible. In some embodiments, the maximum sampling threshold may be less than the maximum peak value. For example, taking an electrical pulse and a voltage threshold as an example, the maximum sampling threshold can be 50mV-60mV less than the maximum peak value. This avoids the peak value of the pulse to be identified being equal to the maximum sampling threshold, which would lead to incomplete sampling.

[0053] In some embodiments, the minimum sampling threshold among multiple sampling thresholds can be set slightly larger than the maximum amplitude of the noise signal to filter out the noise signal. For example, analysis of the large amount of noise signal appearing during pulse detection shows that the maximum amplitude of the noise signal is generally around 50mV-60mV. Therefore, the minimum sampling threshold can be set higher than the maximum amplitude of the noise signal by 50mV-60mV, that is, 110mV-120mV. This can effectively avoid interference from the noise signal.

[0054] In some embodiments, the intervals between multiple sampling thresholds can be equal. That is, the multiple sampling thresholds can form an arithmetic sequence. Taking voltage thresholds as an example, assuming the smallest sampling threshold is 120mV and the largest sampling threshold is 400mV, then eight sampling thresholds can be set with a threshold interval of 40mV: 120mV, 160mV, 200mV, 240mV, 280mV, 320mV, 360mV, and 400mV. This threshold interval can also be other, such as 10mV, 20mV, 30mV, etc. This application does not impose specific limitations. In some embodiments, the intervals between multiple sampling thresholds can also be unequal. For example, the threshold interval increases with the number of sampling thresholds. For instance, the interval between the smallest and second smallest sampling thresholds is 10mV, the interval between the second smallest and third smallest sampling thresholds is 20mV, and so on.

[0055] An exemplary multi-threshold sampling process can be performed as follows: For a sampling threshold (denoted as A) i As time progresses, the rising edge of the pulse to be identified can occur at a certain moment (denoted as t). i1 The sampling threshold is crossed from bottom to top. The falling edge can occur at another time (denoted as t). i2 The pulse crosses the sampling threshold from top to bottom. A transition signal is output for each of the two crossings of the sampling threshold. This transition signal indicates the state change of the pulse to be identified relative to the sampling threshold (e.g., from below the sampling threshold to crossing and above the sampling threshold, or from above the sampling threshold to crossing and below the sampling threshold). Time-digital sampling of the two output transition signals yields two threshold-time pairs, (A... i ,t i1 ) and (A i ,t i2 These two threshold-time pairs can then form a single sample data set. After all the sampling thresholds have been compared, the threshold-time pairs corresponding to all the sampling thresholds can be combined to form multiple sample data sets.

[0056] Step 120: Based on multiple sampling data, determine the target triangle related to the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified.

[0057] In some embodiments, the target triangle may include a first straight line and a second straight line representing the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified in a coordinate system. The first and second straight lines intersect and both intersect the horizontal axis of the coordinate system, together forming the target triangle. In conjunction with the foregoing description, the first straight line can be used to represent the rising edge of the pulse to be identified, and the second straight line can be used to represent the falling edge of the pulse to be identified. In some embodiments, the first and second straight lines can be determined by line fitting based on multiple sampled data. This line fitting can be implemented based on least squares, interpolation, or polishing methods. Existing computational algorithms / software can be invoked to perform line fitting based on multiple sampled data pairs. The multiple sampled data are input into the computational algorithm / software to directly obtain the functional expressions for the first and second straight lines. A set of threshold-time pairs (referred to as the first threshold-time pair in this application) generated by the rising edge of the pulse to be identified crossing multiple sampling thresholds in the multiple sampled data can be used to determine the first straight line. A set of threshold-time pairs (referred to as the second threshold-time pair in this application) generated by the falling edge of the pulse to be identified crossing multiple sampling thresholds can be used to determine the second straight line. Assuming there are n sampling thresholds, then the sampling thresholds can include 2n parts, which can be denoted as {(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…,(x... n ,y n ),(x n+1 ,y n ),…,(x 2n-1 ,y2),(x 2n If ,y1)}, then the first n samples are the first threshold-time pairs, and the last n samples are the second threshold-time pairs.

[0058] The process of determining the first and second straight lines is briefly explained below.

[0059] Assuming the function model of the first straight line is y = a*x + b, the first threshold-time pair used to fit the parameters of this function model includes {(x1,y1),(x2,y2),…,(x...} n ,y n When estimating parameters a and b using the least squares method, the required observation value y is... i The weighted sum of squares of the deviations is minimized, denoted as . but Taking the partial derivatives with respect to a and b respectively, and setting them equal to 0, we can obtain:

[0060]

[0061]

[0062] After simplification, we obtain the following system of equations:

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] Solving the above system of equations, we can determine the best estimates of parameters a and b, as follows:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] This concludes the fitting process for the first straight line.

[0069] Assuming the function model of the second straight line is y = c*x + d, the second threshold-time pair used to fit the parameters of this function model includes {(x... n+1 ,y n ),…,(x 2n-1 ,y2),(x 2n Similarly, when estimating parameters c and d using the least squares method, the observed values ​​y are required. i The weighted sum of squares of the deviations is minimized, denoted as . but Take the partial derivatives with respect to c and d respectively, and set them equal to 0. After rearranging the equations, the best estimates of parameters c and d can be determined. For details, refer to the description of determining parameters a and b.

[0070] In some embodiments, after determining the first and second straight lines, these two lines can be represented in a coordinate system. This coordinate system can be the coordinate system used to represent the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified. For example, Figure 3 The tOA coordinate system used in this example illustrates this. Since the first and second straight lines represent the rising and falling edges of the pulse to be identified, respectively, they must intersect. And straight lines intersect with the coordinate axes. Therefore, the first and second straight lines, along with the horizontal axis of the coordinate system, together form the target triangle. (Reference) Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the target triangle shown in some embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the first straight line representing the rising edge of the pulse 300 to be identified is mO, which intersects the horizontal axis at point O. The second straight line representing the falling edge of the pulse 300 to be identified is mn, which intersects the horizontal axis at point n. The first straight line mO and the second straight line mn intersect at point m. The first straight line mO, the second straight line mn, and the horizontal axis of the coordinate system together form the target triangle ΔmnO.

[0071] Step 130: Determine the type of pulse to be identified based at least on the target trigonometric function value set of the target triangle.

[0072] In some embodiments, the target trigonometric function value set may include the trigonometric function values ​​of two or three interior angles of the target triangle, including but not limited to sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, cosecant, versine, cosine, semi-versine, semi-cosine, semi-secant, and semi-cosecant. In fact, once the two interior angles of a triangle are determined, its shape is already determined. However, the shape of a triangle with one determined interior angle is variable. Therefore, when using trigonometric function values ​​related to the angles of a triangle for shape comparison or difference analysis, two or three interior angles are required. For example, two or three of the three interior angles ∠mOn, ∠mnO, and ∠nmO of the target triangle ΔmnO can be selected and their trigonometric function values ​​determined to constitute the target trigonometric function value set.

[0073] Combining the aforementioned differences in pulse waveform shape for different types of pulses that can be used for pulse discrimination, and the shape of the target triangle representing the pulse waveform of the pulse to be discriminated, the type of pulse to be discriminated can be determined by comparing the differences between the target triangle representing the pulse to be discriminated and the triangles representing each different type of pulse. For example, it can be determined by triangle similarity. For instance, comparing whether the trigonometric function values ​​in the target triangle's trigonometric function value set are equal to or within the allowable difference range of the trigonometric function values ​​determined by the triangles representing each different type of pulse. Alternatively, it can be determined by determining the difference between the target trigonometric function value set and the trigonometric function value sets corresponding to each different type of pulse. The type of pulse with the smallest difference can be designated as the type of pulse to be discriminated. Further descriptions regarding determining the type of pulse to be discriminated can be found in this application. Figure 2 part.

[0074] It should be noted that the above-mentioned Figure 1 The descriptions of the various steps in this specification are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of this specification. Those skilled in the art can, under the guidance of this specification, [perform certain tasks / activities]. Figure 1 Various modifications and changes have been made to the steps described herein. However, these modifications and changes remain within the scope of this specification.

[0075] The pulse discrimination method disclosed in this application utilizes multi-threshold sampling to achieve pulse type discrimination with less sampling data. It has a high counting rate, consumes less computing resources, and can be implemented on processing elements with limited resources (e.g., FPGA chips, STM32 chips, DSP chips, ASIC chips, etc.).

[0076] Figure 2 This is an exemplary flowchart illustrating the determination of the type of pulse to be identified according to some embodiments of this application. In some embodiments, the pulse type identification method 200 may be executed by the determination module 730 of the data processing system 700. Figure 2 As shown, the pulse type identification method 200 may include the following operations.

[0077] Step 210: Obtain multiple sets of reference trigonometric function values ​​corresponding to multiple pulse types.

[0078] In some embodiments, a pulse type may correspond to a set of reference trigonometric function values. To determine the set of reference trigonometric function values, trigonometric fitting can be performed based on the obtained sampled data after multi-threshold sampling of multiple known pulses belonging to the pulse type. For example, for each known pulse, multi-threshold sampling can be performed on the known pulse based on multiple preset reference thresholds to obtain multiple sets of reference sampled data. The multiple reference thresholds may be the same as or similar to multiple sampling thresholds. For example, the maximum reference threshold among the multiple reference thresholds may be equal to the maximum peak value among the multiple peak values ​​of the multiple known pulses, or less than the maximum peak value, for example, less than the maximum peak value by 50mV-60mV. The minimum reference threshold among the multiple reference thresholds may also be higher than the maximum amplitude of the noise signal. In some embodiments, the multiple reference thresholds may be the same as the multiple sampling thresholds. Multi-threshold sampling of known pulses based on multiple reference thresholds can be described with reference to the relevant part of step 110 in process 100. After multi-threshold sampling is completed, the obtained multiple sets of reference sampled data can be used to determine a first reference line and a second reference line in the coordinate system to characterize the pulse waveform of the known pulse. Similarly, based on multiple sets of reference sampling data, the first reference line can be determined by fitting reference threshold-time pairs obtained when the rising edge of a known pulse crosses multiple reference thresholds. Similarly, based on multiple sets of reference sampling data, the first reference line can be determined by fitting reference threshold-time pairs obtained when the falling edge of a known pulse crosses multiple reference thresholds. The fitting of the first and second reference lines can be similar to that of the first and second lines, and will not be elaborated further here. Likewise, the first reference line can intersect the second reference line. Furthermore, the first and second reference lines can each intersect the horizontal axis of the coordinate system. The first reference line, the second reference line, and the horizontal axis of the coordinate system can together form a reference triangle corresponding to the known pulse.

[0079] refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of a reference triangle shown according to some embodiments of this application. For example... Figure 6As shown, for a pulse generated by gamma photons, the corresponding reference triangle is ΔpqO. The first reference line forming ΔpqO is pO, intersecting the horizontal axis at point O, representing the rising edge of the pulse generated by gamma photons. The second reference line forming ΔpqO is qO, intersecting the horizontal axis at point q, representing the falling edge of the pulse generated by gamma photons. The first reference line pO and the second reference line pq intersect at point p. For a pulse generated by neutrons, the corresponding reference triangle is ΔrsO. The first reference line forming ΔrsO is rO, intersecting the horizontal axis at point O, representing the rising edge of the pulse generated by neutrons. The second reference line forming ΔrsO is rs, intersecting the horizontal axis at point s, representing the falling edge of the pulse generated by neutrons. The first reference line rO and the second reference line rs intersect at point r.

[0080] In some embodiments, after determining the reference triangle for each known pulse, a candidate trigonometric function value set associated with the reference triangle can be determined. The candidate trigonometric function values ​​may include the trigonometric function values ​​of two or three interior angles of the reference triangle. For example, the trigonometric function values ​​of two or three of the three interior angles ∠pOq, ∠pqO, and ∠qpO of the reference triangle ΔpqO can constitute a candidate trigonometric function value set. As another example, the trigonometric function values ​​of two or three of the three interior angles ∠rOs, ∠rsO, and ∠srO of the reference triangle ΔrsO can also constitute a candidate trigonometric function value set.

[0081] In some embodiments, after determining multiple candidate trigonometric function value sets corresponding to a pulse type, these trigonometric function value sets can be calculated to determine a reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to that pulse type. For example, assuming the candidate trigonometric function value set includes the trigonometric function values ​​of the three interior angles of a reference triangle, for instance, the candidate trigonometric function value set related to a pulse caused by a gamma photon may include the trigonometric function values ​​corresponding to the interior angles ∠pOq (the interior angle formed by the intersection of the first reference line and the horizontal axis), ∠pqO (the interior angle formed by the intersection of the second reference line and the horizontal axis), and ∠qpO (the interior angle formed by the intersection of the first and second reference lines). Multiple candidate trigonometric function values ​​can correspond to multiple reference triangles Δ1pqO, Δ2pqO, Δ3pqO, etc. Statistical values ​​of the trigonometric function values ​​corresponding to the same interior angle, such as the mean, median, and mode, can be used to form a reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to a pulse caused by a gamma photon. For example, the statistical values ​​of the trigonometric function values ​​of the interior angle ∠pOq included in all candidate trigonometric function value sets can be used as an element of the reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to the pulse caused by a gamma photon. The treatment of the interior angles ∠pqO and ∠qpO is the same. Together, these three constitute the reference trigonometric function value set. Similarly, the process for determining the reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to a pulse caused by a neutron is the same as described above.

[0082] Step 220: Based on the target trigonometric function value set and multiple reference trigonometric function value sets, determine multiple degrees of difference between the pulse to be identified and multiple pulse types related pulses.

[0083] In some embodiments, the target trigonometric function value set may include three target tangent values ​​of the three interior angles of a target triangle, and the reference trigonometric function values ​​may include three reference tangent values ​​corresponding to the three interior angles of multiple reference triangles. For example, the target trigonometric function value set may include the three tangent values ​​tanθ1, tanθ2, and tanθ3 of the three interior angles ∠mOn (denoted as θ1), ∠mnO (denoted as θ2), and ∠nmO (denoted as θ3) of the target triangle ΔmnO. As another example, the reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to the pulse caused by a gamma photon includes reference tangent values ​​that are the average of multiple candidate tangent values ​​corresponding to the three interior angles ∠pOq, ∠pqO, and ∠qpO of multiple reference triangles Δ1pqO, Δ2pqO, Δ3pqO, ... . The interior angle ∠pOq (denoted as θ1) is the average of the three candidate tangent values ​​corresponding to the three interior angles ∠pOq, ∠pqO, and ∠qpO. γ1 In multiple reference triangles Δ1pqO, Δ2pqO, Δ3pqO… there are multiple candidate tangent values, tan1θ γ1 tan2θ γ1 tan3θ γ1 The average of these candidate tangent values, ... It can be used as a reference tangent value. Similarly, the interior angle ∠pqO (denoted as θ)γ2 )correspond The sum of the interior angles ∠qpO (denoted as θ) γ3 )correspond It can also be used as a reference tangent value. For example, the reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to a neutron-induced pulse includes the average of multiple candidate tangent values ​​corresponding to the three interior angles ∠rOs, ∠rsO, and ∠srO of multiple reference triangles Δ1rsO, Δ2rsO, Δ3rsO, ... . Similar to the previous explanation, the interior angle ∠pOq (denoted as θ) n1 ) corresponding Interior angle ∠rsO (denoted as θ) n2 )correspond Interior angle ∠srO (denoted as θ) n3 )correspond It can be used as a reference tangent value.

[0084] In some embodiments, the difference between the target trigonometric function value set and the reference trigonometric function value set can be the sum of squared residuals between them. In some embodiments, the difference between the target trigonometric function value set and the reference trigonometric function value set can be the sum of squared residuals between the three target tangent values ​​constituting the target trigonometric function value set and the three reference trigonometric function value sets constituting the reference trigonometric function value set. For example, the target trigonometric function value set (tanθ1, tanθ2, tanθ3) and the reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to the pulse induced by the gamma photon. The sum of squared residuals between them is:

[0085]

[0086] With reference trigonometric function values ​​corresponding to the pulse caused by neutrons The sum of squared residuals between them is:

[0087]

[0088] and It can be used to represent the degree of difference.

[0089] Step 230: Determine the type of pulse to be identified based on multiple differences.

[0090] In some embodiments, the pulse type corresponding to the smallest residual sum of squares among the plurality of residual sums of squares determined in step 220 can be determined as the type of pulse to be identified. For example, assuming the pulse type includes those caused by gamma photons and those caused by neutrons, for and Compare. If If the pulse is relatively small, then it can be determined that the pulse to be identified is generated by gamma photons. Conversely, if... If the value is relatively small, then it can be determined that the pulse to be identified is generated by neutrons.

[0091] It should be noted that the above-mentioned Figure 2 The descriptions of the various steps in this specification are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of this specification. Those skilled in the art can, under the guidance of this specification, [perform certain tasks / activities]. Figure 2 Various modifications and changes have been made to the steps described herein. However, these modifications and changes remain within the scope of this specification.

[0092] Figure 7 This is an exemplary block diagram of a data processing system according to some embodiments of this specification. This data processing system can distinguish pulse signals. For example... Figure 7 As shown, the data processing system 700 may include an acquisition module 710, a processing module 720, and a determination module 730.

[0093] The acquisition module 710 can be used to preset multiple sampling thresholds as shown in step 110 above, and perform multi-threshold sampling on the pulse to be identified based on the multiple sampling thresholds to acquire multiple sets of sampling data. The pulse to be identified can be a pulse generated by a certain high-energy particle / ray. High-energy particles / rays can include, but are not limited to, alpha particles / rays, beta particles / rays, gamma photons / rays, neutrons, mesons, neutrinos, protons, etc. The shape of the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified can include a rising edge whose amplitude increases continuously over time and a falling edge that is continuous with the rising edge and whose amplitude decreases continuously over time. The multiple sampling thresholds can be used to compare with the amplitude of the pulse to be identified to determine the time when the amplitude of the pulse to be identified exceeds the sampling threshold. These times, after being matched with the corresponding sampling thresholds, can form a series of sampling threshold-time pairs as sampling data. The size of the sampling threshold can be determined based on the peak value (also known as the maximum amplitude) of a known pulse of a defined type. A known pulse of a defined type can refer to a pulse whose high-energy particle type is defined. The multiple sampling thresholds can not exceed the maximum peak value among the multiple peak values ​​of the multiple known pulses. The maximum sampling threshold can be equal to or less than the maximum peak value. The minimum sampling threshold among multiple sampling thresholds can be set slightly larger than the maximum amplitude of the noise signal to filter out noise. The intervals between multiple sampling thresholds can be equal or unequal. The sampling module 720 can acquire the time when the pulse to be identified crosses the sampling threshold and form a threshold-time pair with the corresponding threshold. All threshold-time pairs constitute the sampling data.

[0094] The determination module 720 can be used to determine a target triangle related to the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified based on multiple sampled data, as shown in step 120 above. The target triangle can include a first straight line and a second straight line representing the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified in a coordinate system. The first and second straight lines intersect and both intersect the horizontal axis of the coordinate system, together forming the target triangle. The first straight line can be used to represent the rising edge of the pulse to be identified, and the second straight line can be used to represent the falling edge of the pulse to be identified. In some embodiments, the first and second straight lines can be determined based on line fitting using multiple sampled data. This line fitting can be implemented based on least squares, interpolation, or polishing. A set of threshold-time pairs (referred to as the first threshold-time pair in this application) generated by the rising edge of the pulse to be identified crossing multiple sampling thresholds in the multiple sampled data can be used to determine the first straight line. A set of threshold-time pairs (referred to as the second threshold-time pair in this application) generated by the falling edge of the pulse to be identified crossing multiple sampling thresholds can be used to determine the second straight line. After determining the first and second straight lines, these two straight lines can be presented in a coordinate system. The first straight line, the second straight line, and the horizontal axis of the coordinate system can together form the target triangle.

[0095] The determination module 730 can be used, as shown in step 130 above, to determine the type of pulse to be identified, based at least on a set of target trigonometric function values ​​from a target triangle. The set of target trigonometric function values ​​may include trigonometric function values ​​of two or three interior angles of the target triangle, including but not limited to sine, cosine, tangent, cotangent, secant, cosecant, versine, cosine, semi-versine, semi-cosine, semi-secant, and semi-cosecant values. The determination module 730 can determine the type of pulse by determining the difference between the target trigonometric function value set and the trigonometric function value sets corresponding to each different type of pulse. The type of pulse with the smallest difference can be designated as the type of pulse to be identified. To determine the difference, the determination module 730 can execute method 200. The determination module 730 can obtain multiple reference trigonometric function value sets corresponding to multiple pulse types. One pulse type can correspond to one reference trigonometric function value set. To determine the reference trigonometric function value set, the determination module 730 can perform triangle fitting based on the sampled data obtained after multi-threshold sampling of multiple known pulses belonging to the pulse type. After multi-threshold sampling is completed, the acquired multiple reference sampling data can be used to determine the first and second reference lines in the coordinate system to characterize the pulse waveform of the known pulse. The first reference line, the second reference line, and the horizontal axis of the coordinate system can together form a reference triangle corresponding to the known pulse. After determining the reference triangle for each known pulse, the determination module 730 can determine the candidate trigonometric function value set related to the reference triangle. The candidate trigonometric function values ​​can include the trigonometric function values ​​of two or three interior angles of the reference triangle. After determining multiple candidate trigonometric function value sets corresponding to the pulse type, the determination module 730 can calculate these to determine the reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to that pulse type. Assuming that the candidate trigonometric function value set includes the trigonometric function values ​​of the three interior angles of the reference triangle, the statistical values ​​of the trigonometric function values ​​corresponding to the same interior angle, such as the mean, median, and mode, can be used as the reference trigonometric function value corresponding to that interior angle. All the reference trigonometric function values ​​of the interior angles together constitute the reference trigonometric function value set. Based on the target trigonometric function value set and multiple reference trigonometric function value sets, the determination module 730 determines multiple degrees of difference between the pulse to be identified and multiple pulses related to the pulse type. The target trigonometric function value set may include the three target tangent values ​​of the three interior angles of the target triangle, and the reference trigonometric function values ​​may include the three reference tangent values ​​corresponding to the three interior angles of multiple reference triangles. The difference between the target trigonometric function value set and the reference trigonometric function value set can be the sum of squared residuals between them. The determination module 730 can determine the sum of squared residuals between the three target tangent values ​​constituting the target trigonometric function value set and the three reference trigonometric function value sets constituting the reference trigonometric function value set as the difference. The determination module 730 can determine the type of pulse to be identified based on multiple difference values.The determination module 730 can determine the pulse type corresponding to the smallest residual sum of squares among multiple residual sums as the type of pulse to be identified.

[0096] For further descriptions of the above modules, please refer to the flowchart section of this application, for example, Figures 1-2 .

[0097] It should be understood that Figure 7 The systems and modules shown can be implemented in various ways. For example, in some embodiments, the systems and modules can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of both. The hardware portion can be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portion can be stored in memory and executed by an appropriate instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or dedicated-design hardware. Those skilled in the art will understand that the methods and systems described above can be implemented using computer-executable instructions and / or included in processor control code, for example, on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD, or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. The systems and modules of this specification can be implemented not only by hardware circuits such as very large-scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field-programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., but also by software, for example, executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of the aforementioned hardware circuits and software (e.g., firmware).

[0098] It should be noted that the above description of the modules is for convenience only and should not be construed as limiting this specification to the embodiments described. It is understood that those skilled in the art, after understanding the principles of the system, may arbitrarily combine the modules or construct subsystems connected to other modules without departing from these principles. For example, modules may share a single storage module, or each module may have its own separate storage module. Such modifications are all within the scope of this specification.

[0099] Figure 8 This is an exemplary block diagram of a processing device according to some embodiments of this application. The processing device 800 may include any components used to implement the system described in the embodiments of this application. For example, the processing device 800 may be implemented using hardware, software programs, firmware, or a combination thereof. For example, the processing device 800 may implement a data processing system 700. For convenience, only one processing device is shown in the figure; however, the computing functions described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in a distributed manner by a set of similar platforms to distribute the system's processing load.

[0100] In some embodiments, the processing device 800 may include a processor 810, a memory 820, an input / output component 830, and a communication port 840. In some embodiments, the processor (e.g., CPU) 810 may execute program instructions as one or more processors. In some embodiments, the memory 820 includes different forms of program memory and data memory, such as a hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), etc., for storing a wide variety of data files processed and / or transmitted by a computer. In some embodiments, the input / output component 830 may be used to support input / output between the processing device 800 and other components. In some embodiments, the communication port 840 may be connected to a network for data communication. Exemplary processing devices may include program instructions executed by the processor 810 stored in read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), and / or other types of non-transitory storage media. The methods and / or processes of the embodiments of this specification may be implemented as program instructions. The processing device 800 may also receive programs and data disclosed in this application via network communication.

[0101] For ease of understanding, Figure 6 Only one processor is illustrated in this specification. However, it should be noted that the processing device 800 in the embodiments of this specification may include multiple processors, and therefore the operations and / or methods described in the embodiments of this specification that are implemented by one processor may also be implemented jointly or independently by multiple processors. For example, if in this specification, the processor of the processing device 800 executes steps 1 and 2, it should be understood that steps 1 and 2 may also be executed jointly or independently by two different processors of the processing device 800 (e.g., the first processor executes step 1, the second processor executes step 2, or the first and second processors jointly execute steps 1 and 2).

[0102] The pulse discrimination method provided in this application can be specifically used in photon detection and is applicable to various fields, such as medical imaging technology, high-energy physics, lidar, autonomous driving, precision analysis, and optical communication. In a specific example, the pulse discrimination method, device, detector, electronic equipment, and storage medium provided in this application can be applied to radiation wells, where the pulses required for detection can be discriminated using the scheme described in the embodiments of this application, and energy extraction can be performed after data acquisition. In other specific examples of this application, the pulse discrimination method, device, detector, electronic equipment, and storage medium provided in this application can be applied to various digital devices, such as CT equipment, MRI equipment, PET equipment, oil exploration equipment, low-light detection equipment, SPECT equipment, security inspection equipment, gamma cameras, X-ray equipment, DR equipment, and other devices utilizing the principle of high-energy ray conversion, as well as one or a combination of other photoelectric conversion application devices.

[0103] The basic concepts have been described herein. It is obvious that the detailed disclosure above is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this specification. Although not explicitly stated herein, various modifications, improvements, and corrections may be made to this specification by those skilled in the art. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are suggested in this specification and therefore remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments described herein.

[0104] Furthermore, this specification uses specific terms to describe embodiments thereof. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic associated with at least one embodiment of this specification. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that references to "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" in different locations throughout this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Moreover, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of this specification can be appropriately combined.

[0105] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that various aspects of this specification can be described and illustrated in several patentable ways or situations, including any new and useful combination of processes, machines, products, or substances, or any new and useful improvements thereof. Accordingly, various aspects of this specification can be implemented entirely by hardware, entirely by software (including firmware, resident software, microcode, etc.), or by a combination of hardware and software. All of the above hardware or software may be referred to as a “data block,” “module,” “engine,” “unit,” “component,” or “system.” Furthermore, various aspects of this specification may be represented as a computer product located on one or more computer-readable media, including computer-readable program code.

[0106] Computer storage media may contain a propagated data signal containing computer program code, for example, on baseband or as part of a carrier wave. This propagated signal may take various forms, including electromagnetic, optical, and suitable combinations thereof. Computer storage media can be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which can be connected to an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device to enable communication, propagation, or transmission of a program for use. The program code located on the computer storage medium can be propagated through any suitable medium, including radio, cable, fiber optic cable, RF, or similar media, or any combination of the above media.

[0107] The computer program code required for the operation of each part of this manual can be written in any one or more programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Scala, Smalltalk, Eiffel, JADE, Emerald, C++, C#, VB.NET, Python, etc.; conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C, Visual Basic, Fortran 3003, Perl, COBOL 3002, PHP, ABAP; dynamic programming languages ​​such as Python, Ruby, and Groovy; or other programming languages. This program code can run entirely on the user's computer, or as a standalone software package on the user's computer, or partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the latter case, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer through any network, such as a local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN), or connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet), or in a cloud computing environment, or used as a service such as Software as a Service (SaaS).

[0108] Furthermore, unless expressly stated in the claims, the order of processing elements and sequences, the use of numbers and letters, or other names described in this specification are not intended to limit the order of the processes and methods described herein. Although various examples have been discussed in the foregoing disclosure of some embodiments of the invention that are currently considered useful, it should be understood that such details are for illustrative purposes only, and the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments; rather, the claims are intended to cover all modifications and equivalent combinations that conform to the spirit and scope of the embodiments described herein. For example, while the system components described above can be implemented using hardware devices, they can also be implemented solely using software solutions, such as installing the described system on existing servers or mobile devices.

[0109] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the description disclosed herein and thus aid in the understanding of one or more embodiments of the invention, the foregoing description of embodiments in this specification may sometimes combine multiple features into a single embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, this method of disclosure does not imply that the subject matter of this specification requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. In fact, the embodiments contain fewer features than all the features of a single embodiment disclosed above.

[0110] In some embodiments, numbers describing the quantity of components and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of embodiments are modified in some examples with the terms "approximately," "approximately," or "generally." Unless otherwise stated, "approximately," "approximately," or "generally" indicates that the numbers are allowed to vary by ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximate values, which may be changed depending on the characteristics required by individual embodiments. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should take into account specified significant digits and employ a general method of digit reservation. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to confirm their breadth of range in some embodiments of this specification are approximate values, in specific embodiments, such values ​​are set as precisely as feasible.

[0111] For each patent, patent application, patent application publication, and other material, such as articles, books, specifications, publications, and documents, referenced in this specification, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. This excludes historical application documents that are inconsistent with or conflict with the content of this specification, as well as documents that limit the broadest scope of the claims in this specification (currently or subsequently appended to this specification). It should be noted that in the event of any inconsistency or conflict between the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in the supplementary materials to this specification and the content of this specification, the descriptions, definitions, and / or terminology used in this specification shall prevail.

[0112] Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the embodiments described herein. Other variations may also fall within the scope of this specification. Therefore, alternative configurations of the embodiments described herein are intended to be illustrative rather than limiting, and should be considered consistent with the teachings of this specification. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are not limited to those explicitly introduced and described herein.

Claims

1. A pulse discrimination method, characterized by, The pulse discrimination method includes: Multiple sampling thresholds are preset, and multi-threshold sampling is performed on the pulse to be identified based on the multiple sampling thresholds to obtain multiple sets of sampling data; Based on the multiple sampled data, a target triangle related to the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified is determined; Determining the type of the pulse to be identified, based at least on the target trigonometric function value set of the target triangle, includes: acquiring multiple reference trigonometric function value sets corresponding to multiple pulse types, wherein the number of target trigonometric function values ​​contained in the target trigonometric function value set is the same as the number of reference trigonometric function values ​​contained in the reference trigonometric function value set; determining multiple differences between the pulse to be identified and the multiple pulses related to the pulse types based on the target trigonometric function value set and the multiple reference trigonometric function value sets; and determining the type of the pulse to be identified based on the multiple differences, wherein the type indicates the type of high-energy particle corresponding to the pulse to be identified.

2. The pulse discrimination method of claim 1, wherein, The preset multiple sampling thresholds include: Acquire multiple known pulses of defined types; Determine multiple peak values ​​of the plurality of known pulses; Based on the multiple peak values, the multiple sampling thresholds are determined.

3. The pulse discrimination method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The maximum sampling threshold among the plurality of sampling thresholds is equal to the maximum peak value among the plurality of peak values; or, the maximum sampling threshold among the plurality of sampling thresholds is less than the maximum peak value among the plurality of peak values.

4. The pulse discrimination method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified includes a rising edge whose amplitude increases continuously over time and a falling edge that is continuous with the rising edge and whose amplitude decreases continuously over time. The target triangle is composed of a first straight line representing the rising edge of the pulse to be identified, a second straight line representing the falling edge of the pulse to be identified, and a horizontal axis representing the passage of time.

5. The pulse discrimination method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The multiple sets of sampled data include multiple first threshold-time pairs when the rising edge of the pulse to be identified crosses the multiple sampling thresholds, and multiple second threshold-time pairs when the falling edge of the pulse to be identified crosses the multiple sampling thresholds; The determination of the first straight line and the second straight line includes: A straight line fitting operation is performed based on the plurality of first threshold-time pairs to determine the first straight line; as well as, The second straight line is determined by performing a straight line fitting operation based on the plurality of second threshold-time pairs.

6. The pulse discrimination method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The linear fitting operation is implemented based on the least squares method, interpolation method, or polishing method.

7. The pulse discrimination method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The degree of difference includes the sum of squared residuals between the target trigonometric function value set and the reference trigonometric function value set; Determine the type of pulse to be identified, including: Determine the minimum residual sum of squares among the plurality of residual sums; Specify the pulse type that generates the minimum residual sum of squares as the type of the pulse to be identified.

8. The pulse discrimination method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to the pulse type is determined based on multiple known pulses belonging to the pulse type, including: For each known pulse Multi-threshold sampling is performed on the known pulse based on multiple preset reference thresholds to obtain multiple sets of reference sampling data; Based on the multiple sets of reference sampling data, a reference triangle related to the pulse waveform of the known pulse is determined; Determine the candidate trigonometric function value set associated with the reference triangle; The reference trigonometric function value set is determined based on multiple candidate trigonometric function value sets.

9. The pulse discrimination method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The target trigonometric function value set includes the three target tangent values ​​of the three interior angles of the target triangle, and the reference trigonometric function values ​​include the three reference tangent values ​​corresponding to the three interior angles of multiple reference triangles; the reference tangent value is the average of the multiple candidate tangent values ​​corresponding to the interior angles; determining the multiple differences between the pulse to be identified and the multiple pulse types includes: The sum of squared residuals between the three target tangent values ​​and the three reference tangent values ​​is determined as the degree of difference.

10. A pulse discrimination device, characterized in that, The pulse discrimination device includes: a sampling module, a determination module, and a judgment module; The sampling module is used to preset multiple sampling thresholds and perform multi-threshold sampling on the pulse to be identified based on the multiple sampling thresholds to obtain multiple sets of sampling data; The determining module is used to determine a target triangle related to the pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified based on the multiple sampled data. The determination module is configured to determine the type of the pulse to be identified based at least on the target trigonometric function value set of the target triangle. The determination module is further configured to: acquire multiple reference trigonometric function value sets corresponding to multiple pulse types, wherein the number of target trigonometric function values ​​in the target trigonometric function value set is the same as the number of reference trigonometric function values ​​in the reference trigonometric function value set; determine multiple differences between the pulse to be identified and the multiple pulse types related pulses based on the target trigonometric function value set and the multiple reference trigonometric function value sets; and determine the type of the pulse to be identified based on the multiple differences, wherein the type indicates the type of high-energy particle corresponding to the pulse to be identified.

11. The pulse discrimination device according to claim 10, characterized in that, To preset multiple sampling thresholds, the sampling module is used for: Acquire multiple known pulses of defined types; Determine multiple peak values ​​of the plurality of known pulses; Based on the multiple peak values, the multiple sampling thresholds are determined.

12. The pulse discrimination device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The maximum sampling threshold among the plurality of sampling thresholds is equal to the maximum peak value among the plurality of peak values; or, the maximum sampling threshold among the plurality of sampling thresholds is less than the maximum peak value among the plurality of peak values.

13. The pulse discrimination device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The pulse waveform of the pulse to be identified includes a rising edge whose amplitude increases continuously over time and a falling edge that is continuous with the rising edge and whose amplitude decreases continuously over time. The target triangle is composed of a first straight line representing the rising edge of the pulse to be identified, a second straight line representing the falling edge of the pulse to be identified, and a horizontal axis representing the passage of time.

14. The pulse discrimination device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The multiple sets of sampled data include multiple first threshold-time pairs when the rising edge of the pulse to be identified crosses the multiple sampling thresholds, and multiple second threshold-time pairs when the falling edge of the pulse to be identified crosses the multiple sampling thresholds; to determine the first straight line and the second straight line, the determining module is used to: Based on the plurality of first threshold-time pairs, a straight line fitting operation is performed to determine the first straight line; and, The second straight line is determined by performing a straight line fitting operation based on the plurality of second threshold-time pairs.

15. The pulse discrimination device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The linear fitting operation is implemented based on the least squares method, interpolation method, or polishing method.

16. The pulse discrimination device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The difference includes the sum of squared residuals between the target trigonometric function value set and the reference trigonometric function value set; to determine the type of pulse to be identified, the determination module is used for: Determine the minimum residual sum of squares among the plurality of residual sums; Specify the pulse type that generates the minimum residual sum of squares as the type of the pulse to be identified.

17. The pulse discrimination device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The reference trigonometric function value set corresponding to the pulse type is determined based on multiple known pulses belonging to the pulse type. To obtain the reference trigonometric function value set, the determination module is used for: For each known pulse Multi-threshold sampling is performed on the known pulse based on multiple preset reference thresholds to obtain multiple sets of reference sampling data; Based on the multiple sets of reference sampling data, a reference triangle related to the pulse waveform of the known pulse is determined; Determine the candidate trigonometric function value set associated with the reference triangle; The reference trigonometric function value set is determined based on multiple candidate trigonometric function value sets.

18. The pulse discrimination device according to claim 17, characterized in that, The target trigonometric function value set includes three target tangent values ​​of the three interior angles of the target triangle, and the reference trigonometric function values ​​include three reference tangent values ​​corresponding to the three interior angles of multiple reference triangles; the reference tangent value is the average of multiple candidate tangent values ​​corresponding to the interior angles; to determine multiple differences between the pulse to be identified and the multiple pulse types, the determination module is used for: The sum of squared residuals between the three target tangent values ​​and the three reference tangent values ​​is determined as the degree of difference.

19. A pulse discrimination device, characterized in that, The pulse discrimination device includes a pulse processing circuit board, which is used to perform multi-threshold sampling operation on the pulse to be discriminated and implement the pulse discrimination method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

20. A digital device, characterized in that, include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, implements the steps of the pulse discrimination method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

21. A digital device, characterized in that, include: The pulse discrimination device as described in any one of claims 10-18.

22. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the pulse discrimination method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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