A method for measuring static and dynamic torque of an armature of an electromagnetic relay for railway

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for measuring the static and dynamic torque of an armature in an electromagnetic relay used in railways. The method includes the following steps: Step 1, setting the motion environment of the armature and acquiring motion images of the armature, analyzing the forces acting on the armature, and constructing the relationship between the measured rotation angle and time, and the relationship between the armature angular acceleration and time; Step 2, removing the contact spring system from the relay, and measuring the static torque of the relay armature as the coil current increases from zero to the rated value of 0.15A; Step 3, including the contact spring system in the relay, and measuring the dynamic torque of the relay armature as the coil voltage increases from zero to the rated value of 24V. The beneficial effect of this invention is that it can effectively measure the static and dynamic torque of the armature, providing a basis for optimizing the relay structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The technical solution of this invention belongs to the field of electromagnetic relay armature torque measurement technology, specifically designing a method for measuring the static and dynamic torque of an electromagnetic relay armature used in railways. Background Technology

[0002] The increasing demand and development of electromagnetic relays for railways has placed higher requirements on their reliability.

[0003] During the movement of the armature in an electromagnetic relay, the magnitude of the torque acting on the armature significantly affects the relay's performance. For example, poor coordination between the attracting torque and the counter torque can lead to abnormal performance parameters such as the engagement time, the collision speed of the armature and contacts, and the bounce time and number of bounces, severely impacting the relay's electrical life. To address these technical problems, those skilled in the art require a universal method for measuring the relay armature torque to assist in relay operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems by designing a method for measuring the static and dynamic torque of the armature of an electromagnetic relay used in railways.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to achieve the above objectives is a method for measuring the static and dynamic torque of an electromagnetic relay armature used in railways, the method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Set the motion environment of the armature and acquire motion images of the armature. Analyze the forces acting on the armature and construct the relationship between the measured rotation angle of the armature and time, and the relationship between the angular acceleration of the armature and time.

[0007] Step 2: Remove the relay contact spring system and measure the static torque of the relay armature as the coil current increases from zero to the rated value of 0.15A.

[0008] Step 3: The relay includes a contact spring system. As the coil voltage increases from zero to the rated value of 24V, the dynamic torque of the relay armature is measured.

[0009] The specific operation process of step one is as follows:

[0010] a. Set the surface of the armature to be a plane, and use a circular probe perpendicular to the center of the surface of the armature to test the external force during the movement of the armature based on a digital push-pull force gauge;

[0011] b. Set the armature rotation time to the millisecond level, take a series of photos of the armature movement process based on a high-speed camera, and extract the angle-time relationship and angular acceleration-time relationship of the armature movement process based on the TEMA high-speed motion analysis software;

[0012] c. A DC constant voltage and constant current power supply is used to provide the voltage and current required by the coil during the armature movement process;

[0013] d. Based on Newtonian mechanics, the armature is equivalent to a two-dimensional planar motion mechanism, and the force analysis is performed on the equivalent model.

[0014] The specific process for measuring the static torque of the relay armature in step two is as follows:

[0015] (1) Place the armature in the reverse position, provide a constant current to the coil, turn on the high-speed camera and align it horizontally with the electromagnetic mechanism and the force gauge display screen. Use the circular probe of the force gauge to hold down the shorter end of the armature, ensuring that the applied external force is always perpendicular to the surface of the armature. Slowly increase the external force to a specific value, i.e., the moment when the armature is about to rotate. Record this moment as _____. until the armature and the core are stably attracted together;

[0016] (2) The series of photos taken by the high-speed camera were processed using TEMA high-speed motion analysis software. Based on the processed armature rotation angle-time relationship, the instant when the angle is about to rotate was recorded as _____. Then, find the time in the series of photos taken, in chronological order. The corresponding photo shows the reading displayed on the force gauge screen. ;

[0017] (3) From the force-time relationship output by the force gauge, observe the first increase in force from time zero onwards. The corresponding time is At this moment ≤ ,according to , The time axis of the force gauge and the time axis of the high-speed camera are always unified, and the external force-time relationship and the angular acceleration-time relationship are plotted on the same coordinate system;

[0018] (4) Take three consecutive images of the relay, and repeat steps (1) to (3) after each image is taken.

[0019] (5) Based on Newtonian mechanics, the force analysis of the armature is performed. Using the measured angular acceleration-time relationship, the equations of armature rotation are derived based on the rigid body rotation law:

[0020] (1)

[0021] In the formula: : for the first The external torque on the armature during this shooting process, among which ; and These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent gravitational torque at time t, where ; and These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent magnetic torque at time t, where ; For the first During the filming process, the armature The measured angular acceleration at time t, where ; The moment of inertia of the armature;

[0022] Based on the angle-time curve, i.e. - , - , - The relationship transforms the above system of equations into:

[0023] (2)

[0024] In the formula, For the first During this shooting process, the armature rotates at an angle, among which... ; For the first During this shooting process, the armature angle was... Angular acceleration at position, where ;

[0025] make , Transform the above system of equations into:

[0026] (3)

[0027] In the formula: For the first During this shooting process, the armature angle was... The external torque acting on the whole at the location, ; For the first During this shooting process, the armature angle was... The total gravitational torque at the location, of which ; For the armature During the second shoot, the corner was... The net magnetic torque at the location is as follows: Solving the above set of equations yields the electromagnetic torque, permanent magnet torque, gravitational torque, and resultant torque experienced by the relay armature during its movement.

[0028] (6) Since the armature will be supported by the iron core at the position where it is attracted to the iron core, the torque measurement result of the armature at this position will have a large error. Therefore, the armature is placed in the positioning state, that is, the armature is stably attracted to the iron core. The longer end of the armature is held down by a digital push-pull force gauge. Steps (1) to (5) are repeated to accurately measure the torque of the armature at the position where it is attracted. This will allow the complete static torque characteristics of the electromagnetic mechanism of the relay to be measured at a certain current and a certain position.

[0029] The specific process for measuring the dynamic torque of the relay armature in step three is as follows:

[0030] First, place the armature in the reverse position, i.e., the armature and the plate magnet are stably attracted to each other, and provide a constant voltage to the coil. Turn on the high-speed camera and align it horizontally with the electromagnetic mechanism until the armature and the iron core are stably attracted to each other.

[0031] Second, the TEMA high-speed motion analysis software was used to process the series of photos taken by the high-speed camera to obtain the measured angle-time relationship and angular acceleration-time curve relationship of the armature.

[0032] Third, take four consecutive photos of the relay, and repeat steps (1) to (2) after each photo.

[0033] Fourth, based on Newtonian mechanics, the force analysis of the armature is performed. Using the measured angular acceleration-time relationship, a set of equations for the armature's rotation is derived based on the laws of rigid body rotation:

[0034] (4)

[0035] In the formula: and These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent gravitational torque at time t, where ; and These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent magnetic torque at time t, where ; : the longer end of the armature During the shooting process The equivalent tensile torque of the spring system pull rod at any given moment, ; For the first During the filming process, the armature The measured angular acceleration at time t, where ; The moment of inertia of the armature;

[0036] Based on the angle-time curve, i.e. - , - , - , - The relationship transforms the above system of equations into:

[0037] (5)

[0038] In the formula: For the first During this shooting process, the armature rotates at an angle, among which... ; For the longer end of the armature During this shooting process, the armature angle was... The tension moment of the rod at the location, where ; For the first During this shooting process, the armature angle was... Angular acceleration at position;

[0039] make , Transform the above system of equations into:

[0040] (6)

[0041] In the formula: For the armature During the second shoot, the corner was... The total gravitational torque at the location, of which ; For the armature During the second shoot, the corner was... The net magnetic torque at the location is as follows: Solving the above set of equations yields the dynamic magnetic torque, gravitational torque, rod torque, and resultant torque experienced by the relay armature during its movement.

[0042] Beneficial effects

[0043] A method for measuring the static and dynamic torque of an electromagnetic relay armature used in railways, produced using the technical solution of the present invention, has the following advantages:

[0044] First, the method disclosed in this application can accurately measure the torque experienced by the armature of an electromagnetic relay during its movement, enabling those skilled in the art to better design relays.

[0045] Secondly, this application utilizes a relay static and dynamic torque testing method to accurately test the static and dynamic torque on the armature, effectively solving the problem that it is difficult to accurately measure the static and dynamic torque on the armature in the actual production and design of railway relays, and providing a solid data foundation for relay production. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for measuring the static and dynamic torque of an electromagnetic relay armature used in railways, as described in this invention.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a force analysis diagram of the armature without the added contact spring system described in this invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a force analysis diagram of the armature and the contact spring system described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, such as... Figure 1-3 As shown;

[0050] The relay operates as follows: When the armature is in stable contact with the plate magnet (i.e., in the reverse-positioned, lowered state), the front coil is energized, causing the armature to rotate until it makes stable contact with the iron core. At this point, due to the presence of the magnet in the electromagnetic mechanism, the armature remains in its position even after the coil is de-energized. Similarly, when the armature is in stable contact with the iron core (i.e., in the positioning, engaged state), the rear coil is energized, causing the armature to rotate until it makes stable contact with the plate magnet. Again, due to the magnet's effect, the armature remains in its position even after the coil is de-energized. The relay uses the reciprocating rotation of the armature to drive the contact spring system, thus switching the circuit on and off.

[0051] 1. When the relay's contact spring system is removed, the armature of the single electromagnetic mechanism remains unable to rotate as the coil current increases from zero to the rated value of 0.15A.

[0052] (1) Place the armature in the reverse position, i.e., stably engage the armature with the plate magnet. Provide a constant current to the coil through a DC constant voltage and constant current power supply. Turn on the high-speed camera and align it horizontally with the electromagnetic mechanism and the force gauge display screen. Use the circular probe of the force gauge to hold down the shorter end of the armature, ensuring that the applied external force is always perpendicular to the surface of the armature. Slowly increase the external force to a specific value, i.e., the moment when the armature is about to rotate (this force value multiplied by the stress arm is the armature reverse position holding torque). Record this moment as _____. (Corresponding to the time axis of the force gauge), until the armature and the iron core are stably attracted. To ensure that the high-speed camera can capture the entire motion process of the electromagnetic mechanism, the high-speed camera must start recording earlier than the force gauge starts applying force, so the time axes of the two devices are not consistent.

[0053] (2) The series of photos taken by the high-speed camera were processed using TEMA high-speed motion analysis software. Based on the processed armature rotation angle-time relationship, the instant when the angle is about to rotate was recorded as _____. (Corresponding to the timeline of a high-speed camera); then, find the time points sequentially from front to back from a series of captured photos. The corresponding photo shows the reading displayed on the force gauge screen. .

[0054] (3) From the force-time relationship output by the force gauge, observe the first increase in force from time zero onwards. The corresponding time is At this moment ≤ .according to , The time axis of the force gauge and the time axis of the high-speed camera are unified at all times, and the external force-time relationship and the angular acceleration-time relationship are plotted on the same coordinate system.

[0055] (4) Take three consecutive photos of the relay and repeat steps (1) to (3).

[0056] (5) Perform force analysis on the armature based on Newtonian mechanics (defining downward as the positive direction), such as Figure 2 As shown, using the measured angular acceleration-time relationship, a set of equations for armature rotation is derived based on the rigid body rotation law (in the following formulas, the torque is the armature force multiplied by the stress arm):

[0057] (1)

[0058] In the formula: : for the first The external torque on the armature during this shooting process ; , : These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent gravitational torque at any given moment ; , : These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent magnetic torque at any given moment, ; : for the first During the filming process, the armature Real-time measured angular acceleration, ; : is the moment of inertia of the armature.

[0059] Due to time , , Since the events did not occur simultaneously, directly treating time as the independent variable would not be sufficient to solve the above system of equations. Because the torque experienced by the armature during the three shooting processes was the same at a certain position, the armature rotation angle was used as the independent variable to solve the above system of equations.

[0060] Based on the angle-time curve, i.e. - , - , - The relationship transforms the above system of equations into:

[0061] (2)

[0062] In the formula, : for the first The armature rotated at different angles during this shooting process. .

[0063] make , Transform the above system of equations into

[0064] (3)

[0065] In the formula: For the first During this shooting process, the armature angle was... The external torque acting on the whole at the location, ; For the first During this shooting process, the armature angle was... The total gravitational torque at the location, of which ; For the armature During the second shoot, the corner was... The net magnetic torque acting on the whole at the location Solving the above set of equations yields the electromagnetic torque, permanent magnet torque, gravitational torque, and resultant torque experienced by the relay armature during its movement.

[0066] (6) Since the armature will be supported by the iron core at the position where it is attracted to the iron core, the torque on the armature at this position will have a large error. Therefore, the armature is placed in the positioning state, that is, the armature is stably attracted to the iron core. The longer end of the armature is held down by a digital push-pull force gauge, and steps (1) to (5) are repeated to accurately measure the torque on the armature at the position where it is attracted.

[0067] (7) In summary, the complete static torque characteristics of the electromagnetic mechanism of the relay can be measured when the electromagnetic mechanism is at a certain current and a certain position.

[0068] 2. When the relay includes a spring contact system, the armature of the electromagnetic mechanism rotates autonomously when the coil voltage increases from the extreme value to the rated value of 24V.

[0069] First, place the armature in the reverse position, i.e., the armature and the plate magnet are stably attracted. Provide a constant voltage to the coil through a DC constant voltage and constant current power supply. Turn on the high-speed camera and align it horizontally with the electromagnetic mechanism until the armature and the iron core are stably attracted.

[0070] Second, the TEMA high-speed motion analysis software was used to process the series of photos taken by the high-speed camera to obtain the measured angle-time relationship and angular acceleration-time curve relationship of the armature.

[0071] Third, take four consecutive photos of the relay and repeat steps (1) to (2).

[0072] Fourth, perform a force analysis on the armature based on Newtonian mechanics (defining the positive direction as the torque perpendicular to the plane of the paper), such as... Figure 3 As shown, using the measured angular acceleration-time relationship, the equations for armature rotation are derived based on the rigid body rotation law:

[0073] (4)

[0074] In the formula: , : These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent gravitational torque at any given moment ; , : These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent magnetic torque at any given moment, ; : the longer end of the armature During the shooting process The equivalent tensile torque of the spring system pull rod at any given moment, ; : for the first During the filming process, the armature Real-time measured angular acceleration, ; : is the moment of inertia of the armature.

[0075] Due to time , , , Since the events did not occur simultaneously, directly treating time as the independent variable would not be sufficient to solve the above system of equations. Because the torque experienced by the armature during the four shooting events was the same at a certain position, the armature rotation angle was used as the independent variable to solve the above system of equations.

[0076] Based on the angle-time curve, i.e. - , - , - , - The relationship transforms the above system of equations into:

[0077] (5)

[0078] In the formula, : for the first The armature rotated at different angles during this shooting process. ; : for the first During this shooting process, the armature angle was... The equivalent tensile torque of the spring system pull rod on the longer end of the armature at the location. ; For the first During this shooting process, the armature angle was... Angular acceleration at position .

[0079] make , Transform the above system of equations into

[0080] (6)

[0081] In the formula: For the armature During the second shoot, the corner was... The total gravitational torque at the location, of which ; For the armature During the second shoot, the corner was... The net magnetic torque at the location is as follows: .

[0082] Solving the above set of equations yields the dynamic magnetic torque, gravitational torque, rod torque, and resultant torque experienced by the relay armature during its movement.

[0083] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0084] The above technical solutions only embody the preferred technical solutions of the present invention. Any modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art to certain parts thereof embody the principles of the present invention and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring the static and dynamic torque of an electromagnetic relay armature used in railways, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Step 1: Set the motion environment of the armature and acquire motion images of the armature. Analyze the forces acting on the armature and construct the relationship between the measured rotation angle of the armature and time, and the relationship between the angular acceleration of the armature and time. Step 2: Remove the relay contact spring system and measure the static torque of the relay armature as the coil current increases from zero to the rated value of 0.15A. The specific process for measuring the static torque of the relay armature in step two is as follows: (1) Place the armature in the reverse position, provide a constant current to the coil, turn on the high-speed camera and align it horizontally with the electromagnetic mechanism and the force gauge display screen. Use the round probe of the force gauge to hold down the shorter end of the armature, ensuring that the applied external force is always perpendicular to the surface of the armature. Slowly increase the external force to a specific value, i.e., the moment when the armature is about to rotate. Record this moment as _____. until the armature and the core are stably attracted together; (2) The series of photos taken by the high-speed camera were processed using TEMA high-speed motion analysis software. Based on the processed armature rotation angle-time relationship, the instant when the angle is about to rotate was recorded as _____. Then, find the time in the series of photos taken, in chronological order. The corresponding photo shows the reading displayed on the force gauge screen. ; (3) From the force-time relationship output by the force gauge, observe the first increase in force from time zero onwards. The corresponding time is At this moment ≤ ,according to , The time axis of the force gauge and the time axis of the high-speed camera are always unified, and the external force-time relationship and the angular acceleration-time relationship are plotted on the same coordinate system; (4) Take three consecutive images of the relay, and repeat steps (1) to (3) after each image is taken. (5) Based on Newtonian mechanics, the force analysis of the armature is performed. Using the measured angular acceleration-time relationship, the equations of armature rotation are derived based on the rigid body rotation law: （1） In the formula: : for the first During the shooting process The external torque on the armature at all times, of which ; and These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent gravitational torque at time t, where ; and These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent magnetic torque at time t, where ; For the first During the filming process, the armature The measured angular acceleration at time t, where ; The moment of inertia of the armature; Based on the angle-time curve, i.e. - , - , - The relationship transforms the above system of equations into: （2） In the formula, For the first During this shooting process, the armature rotates at an angle, among which... ; For the first During this shooting process, the armature angle was... Angular acceleration at position, where ; make , Transform the above system of equations into: （3） In the formula: For the first During the second shoot, the corner was... The external torque acting on the armature as a whole at the position, ; For the first During the second shoot, the corner was... The net gravitational torque acting on the armature at the location, of which ; For the armature During the second shoot, the corner was... The net magnetic torque at the location is as follows: ; Solving the above set of equations yields the electromagnetic torque, permanent magnet torque, gravitational torque, and resultant torque experienced by the relay armature during its movement. (6) Since the armature will be supported by the iron core at the position where it is attracted to the iron core, the torque measurement result of the armature at this position will have a large error. Therefore, the armature is placed in the positioning state, that is, the armature is stably attracted to the iron core. The longer end of the armature is held down by the digital push-pull force gauge. Steps (1) to (5) are repeated to accurately measure the torque of the armature at the position where it is attracted. This will allow the complete static torque characteristics of the electromagnetic mechanism of the relay to be measured at a certain current and a certain position. Step 3: The relay includes a contact spring system. As the coil voltage increases from zero to the rated value of 24V, the dynamic torque of the relay armature is measured. The specific process for measuring the dynamic torque of the relay armature in step three is as follows: First, place the armature in the reverse position, i.e., the armature and the plate magnet are stably attracted to each other, and provide a constant voltage to the coil. Turn on the high-speed camera and align it horizontally with the electromagnetic mechanism until the armature and the iron core are stably attracted to each other. Second, the TEMA high-speed motion analysis software was used to process the series of photos taken by the high-speed camera to obtain the measured angle-time relationship and angular acceleration-time curve relationship of the armature. Third, take four consecutive photos of the relay, and repeat steps (1) to (2) after each photo. Fourth, based on Newtonian mechanics, the force analysis of the armature is performed. Using the measured angular acceleration-time relationship, a set of equations for the armature's rotation is derived based on the laws of rigid body rotation: （4） In the formula: and These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent gravitational torque at time t, where ; and These are the longer end and the shorter end of the armature, respectively. During the shooting process The equivalent magnetic torque at time t, where ; : the longer end of the armature During the shooting process The equivalent tensile torque of the spring system pull rod at any given moment, ; For the first During the filming process, the armature The measured angular acceleration at time t, where ; The moment of inertia of the armature; Based on the angle-time curve, i.e. - , - , - , - The relationship transforms the above system of equations into: （5） In the formula, For the first During this shooting process, the armature rotates at an angle, among which... ; For the longer end of the armature During this shooting process, the armature angle was... The tension moment of the rod at the location, where ; For the first During this shooting process, the armature angle was... Angular acceleration at position, where ; make , Transform the above system of equations into （6） In the formula: For the armature During the second shoot, the corner was... The total gravitational torque at the location, of which ; For the armature During the second shoot, the corner was... The net magnetic torque at the location is as follows: Solving the above set of equations yields the dynamic magnetic torque, gravitational torque, rod torque, and resultant torque experienced by the relay armature during its movement.

2. The method for measuring the static and dynamic torque of an electromagnetic relay armature for railway use according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation process of step one is as follows: a. Set the surface of the armature to be a plane, and use a circular probe perpendicular to the center of the surface of the armature to test the external force during the movement of the armature based on a digital push-pull force gauge; b. Set the armature rotation time to the millisecond level, take a series of photos of the armature movement process based on a high-speed camera, and extract the angle-time relationship and angular acceleration-time relationship of the armature movement process based on the TEMA high-speed motion analysis software; c. A DC constant voltage and constant current power supply is used to provide the voltage and current required by the coil during the armature movement process; d. Based on Newtonian mechanics, the armature is equivalent to a two-dimensional planar motion mechanism, and the force analysis is performed on the equivalent model.

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