Optical imaging lens and camera device

Abstract

The application relates to an optical imaging lens and a camera device, the optical imaging lens comprising a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a diaphragm, a fourth lens, a fifth lens and a sixth lens arranged in sequence from an object side to an image side, wherein the first lens, the second lens and the fifth lens have negative refractive powers respectively, and the third lens, the fourth lens and the sixth lens have positive refractive powers respectively; the first lens, the second lens and the fourth lens are configured as glass spherical lenses respectively, and the third lens, the fifth lens and the sixth lens are configured as plastic aspherical lenses respectively. The optical imaging lens adopts a six-piece lens architecture, and by reasonably distributing the refractive powers of the lenses, optimizing the surface types, thicknesses and distances between the lenses, the lens has wide angle and good imaging quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optical imaging equipment technology, and in particular to an optical imaging lens and a camera device. Background Technology

[0002] Wide-angle lenses on the market have excessively large optical TTL values ​​and too many lens elements, resulting in high overall cost and weight, and limiting their installation and use. Conventional wide-angle lenses have large incident angles, which leads to poor image quality at the edges of the field of view. In addition, in order to improve resolution and correct chromatic aberration, multiple glass elements or cemented lenses are often used, which have the disadvantages of high cost and large size.

[0003] For example, existing technologies disclose an imaging lens with a total effective focal length f. The imaging lens, along the optical axis from the object side to the image side, sequentially includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, a sixth lens, and a seventh lens. The fourth and fifth lenses are cemented together to form a cemented lens. The first and fifth lenses both have negative optical power; the second, fourth, sixth, and seventh lenses all have either positive or negative optical power; the third lens has positive optical power, and its effective focal length f3 satisfies 1 < f3 / f < 1.5 with the total effective focal length f. In the imaging lens obtained by this technology, f = 3.5-3.57 mm, and FOV = 61.67-64.75°.

[0004] A wide-angle lens has been disclosed in the prior art. The wide-angle lens has an object side and an image side arranged opposite to each other along the optical axis. The wide-angle lens includes: a lens barrel; and a lens group fixed in the lens barrel. The lens group includes a first lens group with negative optical power, an aperture stop, a second lens group with positive optical power, and a photosensitive chip arranged sequentially from the object side to the image side. The first lens group, the second lens group, and the wide-angle lens satisfy the following conditions: 1.2 < F11 / F < 2.5, and 1.5 < F22 / F < 2.0; where F is the focal length of the wide-angle lens, F11 is the focal length of the first lens group, and F22 is the focal length of the second lens group. The first lens group includes a first lens with negative optical power, a second lens with negative optical power, a third lens with positive optical power, a fourth lens with positive optical power, and a fifth lens with negative optical power, arranged sequentially from the object side to the image side. The second lens group includes a sixth lens with positive optical power, a seventh lens with negative optical power, and an eighth lens with positive optical power, arranged sequentially from the object side to the image side. The imaging lens obtained by this technology has a field of view (FOV) of 135°.

[0005] Existing related technologies also disclose an optical lens, which comprises, along the optical axis from the object side to the image side, the following in sequence: a first lens with negative optical power, whose object side is convex and image side is concave; a second lens with optical power, whose object side is concave and image side is convex; a third lens with positive optical power, whose object side and image side are both convex; a fourth lens with positive optical power, whose object side and image side are both convex; a fifth lens with negative optical power, whose object side is concave; and a sixth lens with optical power, whose object side is convex. The fourth and fifth lenses are cemented together to form a cemented lens. In the imaging lens obtained by this technology, f = 6.063-5.352mm, FOV = 120°, and TTL = 25.155-34.367mm.

[0006] Therefore, existing optical imaging lenses still have considerable room for improvement in terms of image quality, lens miniaturization, field of view, total optical length, and the rational allocation of focal length or optical power. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address at least one of the aforementioned problems, this application provides an optical imaging lens; and based on the optical imaging lens, provides a camera device.

[0008] In a first aspect, this application provides an optical imaging lens, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] An optical imaging lens includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, an aperture stop, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, and a sixth lens arranged sequentially from the object side to the image side. The first lens, the second lens, and the fifth lens each have negative refractive power, and the third lens, the fourth lens, and the sixth lens each have positive refractive power. The first lens, the second lens, and the fourth lens are each configured as glass spherical lenses, and the third lens, the fifth lens, and the sixth lens are each configured as plastic aspherical lenses.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, and a sixth lens are designed. The aperture stop is located between the third lens and the fourth lens. The first to third lenses form the front group of the lens, and the fourth to sixth lenses form the rear group. The first, second, and fifth lenses all have negative refractive power, while the third, fourth, and sixth lenses all have positive refractive power. Based on the above structural design, the combination of three glass spherical lenses and three plastic aspherical lenses is beneficial for correcting second-order spectral aberrations and higher-order aberrations. At the same time, the use of a glass-plastic hybrid structure can better optimize the optical structure and facilitate lens structure design, reducing the overall length of the lens. This results in both good image quality and reduced lens cost. Furthermore, by combining the thermal expansion coefficients of glass and plastic materials, the lens exhibits good image quality under both high and low temperature conditions, meeting the requirements for use in different temperature environments.

[0011] The optical imaging lens designed in this way has a combined focal length of 2.58mm < EFL < 2.6mm, a field of view HFOV = 130°, DFOV > 160°, F.NO = 2.0, and a total system length TTL ≤ 32.2mm. It has a large overall field of view, a compact structure, and strong practicality.

[0012] Preferably, the focal length ranges of the first lens, second lens, third lens, fourth lens, fifth lens, and sixth lens satisfy the following conditions: -7 < f1 < -6, -12.5 < f2 < -10.5, 25 < f3 < 29, 6 < f4 < 7, -7 < f5 < -6, 6 < f6 < 6.5; wherein f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, and f6 are the focal length values ​​of the first lens, second lens, third lens, fourth lens, fifth lens, and sixth lens, respectively.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, based on the six-element lens architecture, the optical power of each lens can be reasonably allocated by controlling the focal length of the six lenses, thus achieving a reasonable allocation of optical power.

[0014] Preferably, the absolute values ​​of the ratios of the focal lengths of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth lenses to the overall focal length of the optical imaging lens are subject to the following conditions: 2 < |f1 / f| < 2.5, 4 < |f2 / f| < 5, 9.5 < |f3 / f| < 11, 2 < |f4 / f| < 3, 2.3 < |f5 / f| < 2.5, 1 < |f6 / f| < 2.5; where f is the overall focal length of the optical imaging lens, f1 is the focal length of the first lens, f2 is the focal length of the second lens, f3 is the focal length of the third lens, f4 is the focal length of the fourth lens, f5 is the focal length of the fifth lens, and f6 is the focal length of the fifth lens.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution and controlling the ratio of the focal length of the six lenses to the overall focal length, a more uniform distribution of optical power can be achieved.

[0016] Preferably, the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.3 < SD1 / TTL < 0.4; where SD1 is the effective aperture size of the first lens, and TTL is the distance from the first lens to the imaging surface along the optical axis.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solutions, the lens can have a smaller overall size, which is beneficial for lens miniaturization. Exceeding the lower limit of the above formula will result in an excessively long TTL for the lens or poor image quality due to an excessively small head size; exceeding the upper limit of the above formula will result in an excessively large head size for the lens, which is not conducive to lens miniaturization.

[0018] Preferably, the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 7 < CT3 + CT5 + CT6 < 8; wherein CT3, CT5, and CT6 are the lens thicknesses of the third lens, the fifth lens, and the sixth lens on the optical axis, respectively.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solutions, the thickness of the plastic lens can be controlled, which is more conducive to the molding of the lens and can improve the overall assembly yield of the lens.

[0020] Preferably, the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: BFL / CTL > 0.2; where BFL is the distance from the sixth lens to the imaging surface on the optical axis, and CTL is the distance along the optical axis from the object side of the first lens to the image side of the sixth lens.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution as a structural example, by controlling the lens to satisfy the above formula, it is beneficial to make the lens have a longer optical back focal length while miniaturizing it, which is more conducive to lens assembly.

[0022] Preferably, the optical imaging lens satisfies the following condition: 0.7 ≤ |f 123 / f 456 |≤0.8, where f 123 f is the combined focal length of the first to third lenses. 456 This is the combined focal length of the fourth to sixth lenses.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the optical focal lengths of the front and rear groups can be made closer, which is conducive to the smoother light transmission between the front and rear groups and can better improve the image quality of the lens.

[0024] Preferably, the first lens has a convex object-side surface and a concave image-side surface, the third lens has a convex object-side surface and a convex image-side surface, the fourth lens has a convex object-side surface and a convex image-side surface, and the sixth lens has a convex object-side surface and a convex image-side surface.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, as a structural example, the first lens, the third lens, the fourth lens and the sixth lens adopt the above object-side surface and image-side surface design. Through specific surface shape matching and reasonable optical power distribution, the lens imaging quality can be effectively improved, the structure can be miniaturized, and good system performance can be maintained.

[0026] Preferably, the optical imaging lens consists of a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, an aperture stop, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, and a sixth lens arranged sequentially from the object side to the image side.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, as a structural example, the optical imaging lens consists only of a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, an aperture stop, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, and a sixth lens; effectively controlling the number of lenses and reducing costs.

[0028] Secondly, this application provides a camera device, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0029] A camera device includes the aforementioned optical imaging lens.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution and using the above optical imaging lens in a camera device, the wide-angle and good imaging function of the above optical imaging lens can be further added to devices such as vehicle cameras and surveillance cameras.

[0031] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. The optical imaging lens of this application adopts a six-element lens architecture. By reasonably allocating the optical power of each lens element, optimizing the surface shape, thickness and distance between each lens element, the lens can have a wide angle and good imaging quality.

[0033] 2. The optical imaging lens of this application adopts a glass-plastic hybrid 6-element design, with a TTL of less than 32.2mm. The overall size of the lens is small, and it is easy to install and use.

[0034] 3. The optical imaging lens of this application has an HFOV of 130° and a DFOV of >160°. The MTF of the lens is greater than 0.5 at 125 lp / mm, which has good imaging quality, improves the overall field of view of the lens, and enhances its practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1This is an optical path diagram of the optical imaging lens in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 2 This is the MTF curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 1 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a defocus curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 1 of this application in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm;

[0038] Figure 4 This is the MTF curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 1 of this application under infrared light at 850nm;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a lateral chromatic aberration curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 1 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a longitudinal chromatic aberration curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 1 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm.

[0041] Figure 7 The field curvature and distortion diagrams of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 1 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm are shown.

[0042] Figure 8 This is the MTF curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 2 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm.

[0043] Figure 9 This is a defocus curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 2 of this application in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm;

[0044] Figure 10 This is the MTF curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 2 of this application under infrared light at 850nm;

[0045] Figure 11 This is a lateral chromatic aberration curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 2 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm.

[0046] Figure 12 This is a longitudinal chromatic aberration curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 2 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm.

[0047] Figure 13 The field curvature and distortion diagrams of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 2 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm are shown.

[0048] Figure 14This is the MTF curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 3 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm.

[0049] Figure 15 This is a defocus curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 3 of this application in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm;

[0050] Figure 16 This is the MTF curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 3 of this application under infrared light at 850nm;

[0051] Figure 17 This is a lateral chromatic aberration curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 3 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm.

[0052] Figure 18 This is a longitudinal chromatic aberration curve of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 3 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm.

[0053] Figure 19 This is a field curvature and distortion diagram of the optical imaging lens in Embodiment 3 of this application under visible light 435nm-650nm.

[0054] Label Explanation:

[0055] 1. First lens; 2. Second lens; 3. Third lens; 4. Fourth lens; 5. Fifth lens; 6. Sixth lens; 7. Aperture stop; 8. Protective plate; 9. Imaging plane. Detailed Implementation

[0056] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0057] Example

[0058] See attached document Figure 1-19 Throughout these views, the same reference numerals denote corresponding components. For example, an optical imaging lens constructed according to one embodiment shown in this example can be found... Figure 1 .

[0059] like Figure 1As shown, the optical imaging lens of this embodiment includes: a first lens 1, a second lens 2, a third lens 3, an aperture stop 7, a fourth lens 4, a fifth lens 5, a sixth lens 6, and a protective sheet 8 arranged sequentially from the object side to the image side. An imaging surface 9 is shown on the protective sheet 8 near the image side. The first lens 1, the second lens 2, and the fifth lens 5 each have negative refractive power, and the third lens 3, the fourth lens 4, and the sixth lens 6 each have positive refractive power. The first lens 1, the second lens 2, and the fourth lens 4 are each configured as glass spherical lenses, and the third lens 3, the fifth lens 4, and the sixth lens 6 are each configured as plastic aspherical lenses. The first lens 1 has a convex object-side surface and a concave image-side surface; the third lens 3 has a convex object-side surface and a convex image-side surface; the fourth lens 4 has a convex object-side surface and a convex image-side surface; and the sixth lens 6 has a convex object-side surface and a convex image-side surface.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] Example 1 corresponds to the following: Figure 1 The optical imaging lens constructed according to the illustrated embodiment is shown in the experimental data graph. Figure 2-7 .

[0062] Please refer to Table 1 for detailed optical data of this embodiment.

[0063] Table 1

[0064]

[0065] In this embodiment, the aspherical parameters of the third lens 3, the fifth lens 5, and the sixth lens 6 are shown in Table 2.

[0066] Table 2

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] In the optical imaging lens of this embodiment: EEF = 2.588, FNO = 2, TTL = 32.2, SD1 / TTL = 0.370, FOV = 164°, CT3+CT5+CT6 = 7.6253, BFL / CTL = 0.206, |f 123 / f 456 |=0.78.

[0070] In this embodiment, Figure 2 The image shows the MTF curve of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. As can be seen from the figure, the MTF is greater than 0.5 at 125lp / mm, indicating excellent image quality and high lens resolution. Figure 3The graph shows the defocus curves of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. It can be seen from the graph that the defocus curves of the lens in each field of view under visible light are relatively concentrated and the defocus amount is small. Figure 4 As can be seen from the MTF curve of the lens at 850nm infrared light, the lens also exhibits high image quality under 850nm night vision conditions. Figure 5 The image shows the lateral chromatic aberration curve of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. It can be seen that the lens has small chromatic aberration and high color reproduction. Figure 6 The longitudinal chromatic aberration curve of the lens in the visible light 435nm-650nm range shows that the lens has small axial chromatic aberration, good color reproduction, minimal color difference, and no obvious blue-purple fringing. Figure 7 The image shows the field curvature and distortion of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm; from Figure 2-7 It can be seen that the optical imaging lens of this embodiment can achieve good imaging quality, with good control of field curvature distortion at various wavelengths, effectively improving image quality;

[0071] Example 2

[0072] Example 2 corresponds to the following: Figure 1 The optical imaging lens constructed according to the illustrated embodiment is shown in the experimental data graph. Figure 8-13 .

[0073] Please refer to Table 3 for detailed optical data of this embodiment.

[0074] Table 3

[0075]

[0076] In this embodiment, the aspherical parameters of the third lens 3, the fifth lens 5, and the sixth lens 6 are shown in Table 4.

[0077] Table 4

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] In the optical imaging lens of this embodiment: EEF = 2.59, FNO = 2, TTL = 32.193, SD1 / TTL = 0.371, FOV = 164°, CT3+CT5+CT6 = 7.8174, BFL / CTL = 0.201, |f 123 / f 456 |=0.73.

[0081] In this embodiment, Figure 8 This is the MTF curve of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. Figure 8 As can be seen, the MTF is greater than 0.5 at 125 lp / mm, indicating excellent image quality and high lens resolution; Figure 9 This is a defocus curve of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. Figure 9 It can be seen that the defocus curves of the lens are relatively concentrated in each field of view under visible light, and the defocus amount is small; Figure 10 This is the MTF curve of the lens under infrared light at 850nm. Figure 10 As can be seen, the lens also has high imaging quality under 850nm night vision conditions; Figure 11 This is a lateral chromatic aberration curve of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. Figure 11 It can be seen that the lens has small chromatic aberration and high color reproduction; Figure 12 This is a graph showing the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. Figure 12 It can be seen that the chromatic aberration on the lens axis is small, the color reproduction is good, the color difference is small, and the blue-purple fringing phenomenon is not obvious. Figure 13 The image shows the field curvature and distortion of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. Figure 13 It can be seen that the lens has good control over field curvature distortion at various wavelengths, effectively improving image quality. Therefore, the optical imaging lens in this embodiment can achieve good imaging quality.

[0082] Example 3

[0083] Example 3 corresponds to the following: Figure 1 The optical imaging lens constructed according to the illustrated embodiment is shown in the experimental data graph. Figure 14-19 .

[0084] Please refer to Table 5 for detailed optical data of this embodiment.

[0085] Table 5

[0086]

[0087] In this embodiment, the aspherical parameters of the third lens 3, the fifth lens 5, and the sixth lens 6 are shown in Table 6.

[0088] Table 6

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] In the optical imaging lens of this embodiment: EEF = 2.58, FNO = 2, TTL = 32.198, SD1 / TTL = 0.370, FOV = 164°, CT3+CT5+CT6 = 7.6381, BFL / CTL = 0.207, |f 123 / f 456 |=0.779.

[0092] In this embodiment, Figure 14 This is the MTF curve of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. Figure 14 As can be seen, the MTF is greater than 0.5 at 125 lp / mm, indicating excellent image quality and high lens resolution; Figure 15 This is a defocus curve of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. Figure 15 It can be seen that the defocus curves of the lens are relatively concentrated in each field of view under visible light, and the defocus amount is small; Figure 16 This is the MTF curve of the lens under infrared light at 850nm. Figure 16 It can be seen that the lens also has high image quality under 850nm night vision conditions; Figure 17 This is a lateral chromatic aberration curve of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. Figure 17 It can be seen that the lens has small chromatic aberration and high color reproduction; Figure 18 This is a graph showing the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. Figure 18 It can be seen that the chromatic aberration on the lens axis is small, the color reproduction is good, the color difference is small, and the blue-purple fringing phenomenon is not obvious. Figure 19 The image shows the field curvature and distortion of the lens in the visible light range of 435nm-650nm. Figure 19 It can be seen that the lens has good control over field curvature distortion at various wavelengths, effectively improving image quality. Therefore, the optical imaging lens in this embodiment can achieve good imaging quality.

[0093] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An optical imaging lens, characterized in that, It consists of a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, an aperture stop, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, and a sixth lens arranged sequentially from the object side to the image side. The first lens, the second lens, and the fifth lens each have negative refractive power, and the third lens, the fourth lens, and the sixth lens each have positive refractive power. The first lens, the second lens, and the fourth lens are each configured as glass spherical lenses, and the third lens, the fifth lens, and the sixth lens are each configured as plastic aspherical lenses. The focal length ranges of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, and the sixth lens satisfy the following conditions: -7 < f1 < -6, -12.5 < f2 < -10.5, 25 < f3 < 29, 6 < f4 < 7, -7 < f5 < -6, 6 < f6 < 6.5; where f1, f2, f3, f4, f5, and f6 are the focal lengths of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth lenses, respectively.

2. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The absolute value of the ratio of the focal length of the first lens, the second lens, the third lens, the fourth lens, the fifth lens, and the sixth lens to the overall focal length of the optical imaging lens is given by the following condition: 2 < |f1 / f| < 2.5, 4 < |f2 / f| < 5, 9.5 < |f3 / f| < 11, 2 < |f4 / f| < 3, 2.3 < |f5 / f| < 2.5, 1 < |f6 / f| < 2.5; where f is the overall focal length of the optical imaging lens, f1 is the focal length of the first lens, f2 is the focal length of the second lens, f3 is the focal length of the third lens, f4 is the focal length of the fourth lens, f5 is the focal length of the fifth lens, and f6 is the focal length of the fifth lens.

3. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical imaging lens meets the following conditions: 0.3 < SD1 / TTL < 0.4; where SD1 is the effective aperture of the first lens, and TTL is the distance from the first lens to the imaging surface along the optical axis.

4. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical imaging lens meets the following conditions: 7 < CT3 + CT5 + CT6 < 8; where CT3, CT5, and CT6 are the lens thicknesses of the third, fifth, and sixth lenses on the optical axis, respectively.

5. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical imaging lens meets the following conditions: BFL / CTL > 0.2; where BFL is the distance from the sixth lens to the imaging surface on the optical axis, and CTL is the distance along the optical axis from the object side of the first lens to the image side of the sixth lens.

6. The optical imaging lens according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical imaging lens meets the following conditions: 0.7≤|f 123 / f 456 |≤0.8, where f 123 f is the combined focal length of the first to third lenses. 456 This is the combined focal length of the fourth to sixth lenses.

7. The optical imaging lens according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The first lens has a convex object-side surface and a concave image-side surface, the third lens has a convex object-side surface and a convex image-side surface, the fourth lens has a convex object-side surface and a convex image-side surface, and the sixth lens has a convex object-side surface and a convex image-side surface.

8. The optical imaging lens according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It consists of a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, an aperture stop, a fourth lens, a fifth lens, and a sixth lens arranged sequentially from the object side to the image side.

9. A camera device, characterized in that, Includes the optical imaging lens according to any one of claims 1-8.

Images