A melt-blown material with antibacterial and soundproofing properties, and a method for preparing and using the same

Abstract

This invention discloses a meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties, its preparation method, and its application, relating to the field of meltblown fabric production technology. By adjusting the spinning equipment, the angle θ between the spinneret and the condensing screen, the vertical distance L between them, and other process parameters, the fiber packing pattern and packing density can be altered to obtain a meltblown material with a three-dimensional structure. This increases the specific surface area of ​​the meltblown material, effectively improving its sound absorption and heat insulation effects under the same resistance conditions, and also exhibiting good antibacterial properties. Furthermore, it improves the uniformity of the transverse fibers in the meltblown fabric, reduces the difference in mechanical properties between the transverse and longitudinal directions, increases the fiber bonding strength during the meltblowing process, and thus increases the mechanical strength of the meltblown material. This effectively mitigates the problem of decreased sound absorption efficiency in the obtained meltblown material, and the resulting meltblown material has high bulkiness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of meltblown fabric production technology, and in particular to a meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Pleasant and colorful sounds can enrich people's lives and provide relaxation and satisfaction. However, inappropriate noise can affect people's normal activities such as work, study, and daily life. Prolonged exposure to noisy environments or noise levels exceeding normal human decibel levels can lead to irreversible hearing damage. Therefore, higher requirements are placed on the sound insulation performance of materials. Currently, sound insulation is mainly achieved through shielding or sound absorption. Shielding primarily uses high-density materials to block sound, but these materials are heavy and inconvenient to use. Sound absorption, on the other hand, involves partially reflecting sound and converting some of the sound wave energy into heat. Meltblown fabric, due to its unique porous capillary structure, can achieve certain sound absorption and antibacterial effects. However, the mechanical properties of general polymer materials are relatively low.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN113802269A discloses a sound-insulating, fire-retardant, and heat-insulating meltblown fabric, its preparation method, and its application. By spraying silica aerogel powder onto the surface of PET polyester fibers, the porous nature of the silica aerogel powder broadens the frequency range of sound absorption, achieving good absorption of low-frequency sounds and thus improving sound insulation performance; it also enhances its fire-retardant and heat-insulating properties. Chinese patent application CN103177719B provides a full-frequency sound-absorbing cotton, composed of a meltblown polymer (PP or PET polyester) fiber layer and an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene layer. Its structure contains numerous interconnected micropores from the surface to the interior, enhancing sound absorption capacity and forming a high-performance, highly efficient full-frequency sound-absorbing material, especially effective at absorbing mid- and low-frequency noise. However, the preparation process of these sound-absorbing materials is complex, requiring mixing with various polymers or adding additives to improve their sound absorption performance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the first aspect of this invention provides a method for preparing a meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties, comprising:

[0005] S1. The linear polymer is melted to obtain a melt, which is then pushed into the spinneret by a metering pump. The fiber fineness and meltblown fabric weight are precisely controlled. The melt is then extruded from multiple spinneret holes to form a melt stream.

[0006] S2. Adjust the spinning equipment so that the angle θ between the spinneret and the condensing screen is 0~90° and the vertical distance L between the spinneret and the condensing screen is 10-23cm;

[0007] S3. Adjust the angle of the high-temperature airflow to draw the melt stream formed by S1 extrusion into ultrafine fibers under the stretching action of high-speed hot air, thereby obtaining fibers with better morphology;

[0008] S4. The fibers obtained in S3 are cooled on a condensing screen by a cold air blower, bonded together to form a fiber web, and then wound up by a take-up roller to form the final product.

[0009] In some preferred embodiments, the linear polymer structure in S1 is not particularly limited, as long as it meets the requirements of the meltblown process.

[0010] Preferably, the linear polymer in S1 is selected from one or more of polypropylene, polyethylene, polylactic acid, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, ethylene copolymer, polyurethane, polycarbonate, and polyamide; more preferably, it is polypropylene.

[0011] In some preferred embodiments, the melt index of the polymer is not limited; preferably, the melt index of the polymer at 230℃ / 2.16kg is 800~2100g / 10min; more preferably, it is 1550g / 10min.

[0012] In some preferred embodiments, the melting temperature in S1 is 200~320°C; preferably 240~280°C.

[0013] In some preferred embodiments, the metering pump pushes in S1 at a rate of 50~65 kg / h; preferably 50 kg / h.

[0014] In some preferred embodiments, the temperature of the metering pump in S1 is 220~270℃; preferably 240℃.

[0015] In some preferred embodiments, the angle θ between the spinneret and the condensing screen in S2 can be an angle adjusted along the X-axis, an angle adjusted along the Y-axis, or an angle adjusted simultaneously along both the X-axis and Y-axis. No specific limitation is made in this application.

[0016] Preferably, the angle θ between the spinneret and the condensing screen in S2 is 30-60°; more preferably, it is 45°.

[0017] By vertically positioning the spinneret and receiving device to eject coarse fibers, the resulting meltblown fabric exhibits good mechanical properties. However, it possesses a typical two-dimensional structure, and its inherent fiber structure has poor mechanical filtration performance, leading to reduced sound absorption. Improving sound absorption by reducing fiber fineness results in excessive weight, and the use of conventional meltblown material, polypropylene, as the raw material has drawbacks such as poor mechanical properties. In this application, the spinning equipment is adjusted so that the angle θ between the spinneret and the condensing screen is 0–90°. Specifically, adjusting the angle to 30–60° alters the two-dimensional structure of the meltblown material obtained through traditional melt spinning, resulting in a three-dimensional fiber meltblown material. The likely reason is that adjusting the angle significantly alters the stacking direction of the linear polymer fibers, creating a phase difference. The initially vertically ejected fibers overlap to some extent depending on the angle adjustment, thus giving the meltblown material a three-dimensional and layered appearance. Ultimately, the meltblown material transforms from a two-dimensional to a three-dimensional structure, with the fiber pore structure changing with the angle. Especially when the included angle θ is 45°, under the synergistic effect of a specific vertical distance L of 18cm and other related parameters, the resulting material has a distinct three-dimensional structure, with uniformly distributed fiber pores and interconnected pore sizes, which increases the air viscosity resistance within the pores and can effectively absorb and transmit sound waves, thereby improving the sound absorption effect of the material.

[0018] Furthermore, by adjusting the angle between the spinneret and the condenser screen, the fiber fineness and bulk density range of the resulting meltblown fabric can be adjusted, resulting in meltblown fabrics with more diverse properties. Under the same conditions, selecting coarser fibers, through the formation of a three-dimensional structure, achieves a certain thickness, increasing the bulk density and specific surface area of ​​the meltblown fabric, thereby enhancing its antibacterial properties. On the other hand, it also promotes more fibers to spread laterally, compensating for the uneven thickness of existing meltblown fabrics in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. Simultaneously, it increases the tensile strength in the transverse direction, reduces the difference in mechanical properties between the transverse and longitudinal directions, and optimizes the overall mechanical properties of the resulting three-dimensional meltblown fabric in both directions, extending its service life.

[0019] In some preferred embodiments, the vertical distance L between the spinneret and the condensing screen in S2 is 13~20cm; more preferably 18cm.

[0020] In some preferred embodiments, the diameter of the micropores in the spinneret in S2 is 0.3~0.5mm and the aspect ratio is 11~15; preferably, the diameter of the micropores is 0.35mm and the aspect ratio is 13.

[0021] In some preferred embodiments, the angle of the high-temperature airflow in S3 is 50~70°, the temperature is 220~290°C, and the flow velocity is 150~165m / s; preferably, the angle of the high-temperature airflow is 60°, the temperature is 260°C, and the flow velocity is 160m / s.

[0022] In some preferred embodiments, the temperature of the air cooler in S4 is 10~15℃ and the pressure is 100~1000Pa; preferably, the temperature is 10℃ and the pressure is 300Pa.

[0023] In some preferred embodiments, the rotational speed of the winding roller in S4 is 10~20m / min; preferably 13m / min.

[0024] During the melt spinning process, the condensing screen can promote the deposition of meltblown fibers on its surface and use the residual heat of the fibers to form meltblown fabric through self-adhesion. The applicant has found that the microstructure of the obtained meltblown material can be changed by adjusting the temperature, pressure and speed of the cold air blower. When the temperature is 10~15℃ and the pressure is 100~1000Pa, especially when the pressure is 300Pa, the three-dimensional structure of the meltblown material can be significantly changed. The likely reason is that the fiber fineness obtained after the metering pump is relatively large. Under the stretching effect of high-speed hot air, the fineness of the polypropylene fiber fineness is reduced to a certain extent. Under the combined effect of parameters such as the angle between the spinneret and the condenser curtain, the angle of the high-temperature airflow, and the temperature, the fiber fineness is further reduced, enhancing its bulkiness and more significantly changing the orientation of the fibers in the polypropylene melt. This causes more fibers to orient themselves along the rotation direction of the receiving device, increasing the longitudinal and transverse orientation differences of the meltblown fabric. Combined with the rotation speed of the winding roller, especially at 10~20m / min, the three-dimensional structure of the resulting meltblown material is more obvious, with a uniform and suitable fiber diameter distribution, a large specific surface area, and a moderate basis weight. This further enhances its antibacterial properties and strength, while also having a good heat insulation effect. It can be widely used in the field of sound-absorbing materials, such as automotive interiors and clothing.

[0025] A second aspect of the present invention provides a meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties prepared by the above-described preparation method.

[0026] In some preferred embodiments, the meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties has a thickness of 0.5~3mm, a fiber diameter distribution of 0.5~10μm, and a basis weight of 60~100g / m³. 2 .

[0027] The third aspect of this invention provides an application of meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties in the field of sound-absorbing materials.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) In this invention, by adjusting the spinning equipment, the angle θ between the spinneret and the condensing screen, the vertical distance L between the spinneret and the condensing screen, and other process parameters can be adjusted to change the fiber stacking method and stacking density, thereby obtaining a meltblown material with a three-dimensional structure. This increases the specific surface area of ​​the meltblown material, effectively improving the sound absorption and heat preservation effect of the obtained material under the same resistance conditions. It also has good antibacterial properties, with an antibacterial performance of up to 98% or more against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, etc.

[0030] (2) In this invention, by adjusting the relative position of the spinneret and the condensing screen, the stacking angle of the fiber filaments on the surface of the condensing screen is changed, thereby improving the uniformity of the transverse fibers of the meltblown fabric, reducing the difference in mechanical properties between the transverse and longitudinal directions, increasing the fiber bonding strength during the meltblowing process, and thus increasing the mechanical strength of the meltblown material. This effectively alleviates the problem of the decrease in sound absorption efficiency of the obtained meltblown material, and the obtained meltblown material has high fluffiness.

[0031] (3) The high-filtration performance meltblown fabric of the present invention has a simple preparation process, low requirements for meltblown equipment and technology, and is economical and feasible. It has a wide range of applications in the field of sound-absorbing materials, especially in the fields of automotive interiors and clothing. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Example 1

[0033] 1. A method for preparing a meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties, comprising:

[0034] S1. The linear polymer is melted to obtain a melt, which is then pushed into the spinneret by a metering pump. The fiber fineness and meltblown fabric weight are precisely controlled. The melt is then extruded from multiple spinneret holes to form a melt stream.

[0035] S2. Adjust the spinning equipment so that the angle θ between the spinneret and the condensing screen is 45° and the vertical distance L between the spinneret and the condensing screen is 18cm;

[0036] S3. Adjust the angle of the high-temperature airflow to draw the melt stream formed by S1 extrusion into ultrafine fibers under the stretching action of high-speed hot air, thereby obtaining fibers with better morphology;

[0037] S4. The fibers obtained in S3 are cooled on a condensing screen by a cold air blower, bonded together to form a fiber web, and then wound up by a take-up roller to form the final product.

[0038] The linear structure of polypropylene in S1 is described.

[0039] The polymer has a melt index of 1550 g / 10 min at 230℃ / 2.16 kg (Dongguan Yeqiang Plastic Raw Materials Co., Ltd., Kingfa Science & Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0040] The melting temperature in S1 is 265°C.

[0041] The metering pump in S1 pushes in at a rate of 50 kg / h.

[0042] The temperature of the metering pump in S1 is 240℃.

[0043] In S2, the angle θ between the spinneret and the condensing screen is an angle that is adjusted simultaneously in both the X-axis and Y-axis directions, and is 45°.

[0044] The micropores in the spinneret of S2 have a diameter of 0.35 mm and an aspect ratio of 13.

[0045] The high-temperature airflow in S3 has an angle of 60°, a temperature of 260°C, and a flow velocity of 160m / s.

[0046] The temperature of the air cooler in S4 is 10℃ and the pressure is 300Pa.

[0047] The rotational speed of the winding roller in S4 is 13 m / min.

[0048] 2. A meltblown material with antibacterial and sound insulation properties prepared by the above preparation method.

[0049] The thickness of the meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties is 1.5 mm.

[0050] 3. Application of a meltblown material with antibacterial and sound insulation properties in the field of sound-absorbing materials.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] 1. A meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties, which differs from Example 1 in that:

[0053] In S2, the angle between the meltblown die head and the condensing screen is the angle in the X-axis direction.

[0054] 2. A meltblown material with antibacterial and sound insulation properties prepared by the above preparation method, as in Example 1.

[0055] 3. An application of a high-filtration performance meltblown fabric, as in Example 1.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] 1. A meltblown fabric with high filtration performance, which differs from Example 1 in that:

[0058] In S2, the angle between the meltblown die head and the condensing screen is the angle along the Y-axis.

[0059] 2. A meltblown material with antibacterial and sound insulation properties prepared by the above preparation method, as in Example 1.

[0060] 3. An application of a high-filtration performance meltblown fabric, as in Example 1.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] 1. A meltblown fabric with high filtration performance, which differs from Example 1 in that:

[0063] The receiving distance in S2 is 15cm.

[0064] 2. A meltblown material with antibacterial and sound insulation properties prepared by the above preparation method, as in Example 1.

[0065] 3. An application of a high-filtration performance meltblown fabric, as in Example 1.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] 1. A meltblown fabric with high filtration performance, which differs from Example 1 in that:

[0068] The pressure of the air cooler in S4 is 1500 Pa.

[0069] 2. A meltblown material with antibacterial and sound insulation properties prepared by the above preparation method, as in Example 1.

[0070] 3. An application of a high-filtration performance meltblown fabric, as in Example 1.

[0071] Example 6

[0072] 1. A meltblown fabric with high filtration performance, which differs from Example 1 in that:

[0073] The rotational speed of the winding roller in S4 is 25 m / min.

[0074] 2. A meltblown material with antibacterial and sound insulation properties prepared by the above preparation method, as in Example 1.

[0075] 3. An application of a high-filtration performance meltblown fabric, as in Example 1.

[0076] Performance testing

[0077] 1. Sound absorption coefficient: The sample method obtained from the examples and comparative examples was tested according to GB / T 18696.2-2002.

[0078] 2. Antibacterial properties: The samples obtained in the examples and comparative examples were tested according to GB / T 20944.3-2008 (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). Filtration resistance: Using an automatic filter material efficiency testing device (TSI Model 8130), at a rated flow rate of 300 m³ / h... 3The pressure loss when the sample passes through it under the condition of / h was measured.

[0079] 3. Breaking strength: The transverse and longitudinal breaking strengths of the samples obtained in the examples and comparative examples were measured according to the standard FZ / T 60005-1991 "Determination of breaking strength and elongation at break of nonwoven fabrics".

[0080] 4. Loftiness: The samples obtained from the examples and comparative examples were tested according to FZ / T 64003.

[0081] 5. Heat transfer coefficient: The sample method obtained from the examples and comparative examples was tested according to GB / T 11048.

[0082] The specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0083] Table 1 Performance test results of the examples and comparative examples

[0084]

Claims

1. A method for preparing a meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties, characterized in that, Preparation methods include: S1. After melting the linear polymer structure, a melt is obtained and pushed into the spinneret by a metering pump. The fiber fineness and meltblown fabric weight are precisely controlled. Then the melt is extruded from multiple spinneret holes to form a melt stream. S2. Adjust the spinning equipment so that the angle θ between the spinneret and the condensing screen is 30-60° and the vertical distance L between the spinneret and the condensing screen is 18-23cm. The angle θ and the distance L are controlled in a coordinated manner. S3. Adjust the angle of the high-temperature airflow to draw the melt stream formed by S1 extrusion into ultrafine fibers under the stretching action of high-speed hot air, thereby obtaining fibers with better morphology; S4. The fibers obtained in S3 are cooled on a condensing screen by a cold air blower, bonded together to form a fiber web, and then wound up by a take-up roller to form the final product; The high-temperature airflow in S3 has an angle of 50~70°, a temperature of 220~290℃, and a flow velocity of 165~180m / s; The rotational speed of the take-up roller in S4 is 10~13m / min; The temperature of the air cooler in S4 is 10~15℃ and the pressure is 100~300Pa.

2. The method for preparing a meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the angle θ between the spinneret and the condensing screen can be adjusted in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, or both the X-axis and Y-axis directions.

3. A meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties prepared by a method according to any one of claims 1-2.

4. The meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties according to claim 3, characterized in that, The meltblown material with antibacterial and sound-insulating properties has a thickness of 0.5~3mm, a fiber diameter distribution of 0.5~10μm, and a basis weight of 60~100g / m³. 2 .

5. The application of the meltblown material cloth with antibacterial and sound insulation properties according to claim 3 in the field of sound-absorbing materials.

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