Liquid crystal composition with wide temperature and high birefringence, optical communication component and high-frequency component

Abstract

The present invention discloses a liquid crystal composition with a wide temperature range and a high birefringence, wherein the liquid crystal composition comprises one or more liquid crystal compounds as shown in the general structural formulas I, II, and III: #imgabs0# The present invention also discloses an optical communication element and a high-frequency component comprising the liquid crystal composition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of liquid crystal materials, and in particular relates to a wide-temperature high-birefringence liquid crystal composition, an optical communication element and a high-frequency component. Background Art

[0002] Liquid crystal materials have been widely used in optoelectronic display devices, such as various LCD TVs, desktop LCD monitors, mobile display terminals, etc. Relevant researchers have developed new high-frequency (1GHz~100GHz) components based on liquid crystal materials, such as microwave and terahertz phase shifters based on liquid crystal materials, metamaterial holographic phased array antennas, etc., by utilizing the property that the effective dielectric constant of liquid crystal materials changes with the action of external electric or magnetic fields. In addition, liquid crystal materials also show great application potential in the fields of laser phase modulation and laser communication. For example, wavelength selection switches based on liquid crystals have been used in 5G\6G optical communications.

[0003] In the above-mentioned high-frequency components based on liquid crystal, the dielectric tuning rate of the liquid crystal material determines the tuning ability of the microwave device. For liquid crystal materials, the dielectric tuning rate (τ) is shown in the following formula (1). The dielectric tuning rate (τ) is determined by the dielectric anisotropy (Δε) of the liquid crystal material at high frequencies and the dielectric constant (ε ∥ ) determines:

[0004] τ=Δε / ε ∥ Formula (1);

[0005] Another important parameter of liquid crystal materials is dielectric loss. For liquid crystal materials, the loss tangent (tanδ) changes with the arrangement of the liquid crystal molecule director, that is, the loss tangent values ​​of the long axis and short axis directions of the liquid crystal molecules are different. When calculating the loss of liquid crystal materials, the maximum loss value, max(tanδ ∥ ,tanδ ⊥ ) is used to measure the dielectric loss parameters of liquid crystal materials.

[0006] The performance parameters of liquid crystal materials under microwaves are related to the quality factor (η) parameter, as shown in formula (2):

[0007] η=τ / max(tanδ ∥ ,tanδ ⊥ ) Formula (2);

[0008] For phase shifter type liquid crystal antennas, it is hoped that a larger quality factor will be achieved, and the current research focus is mostly on developing liquid crystal materials with low loss characteristics. However, for metamaterial holographic phased array antennas, as pointed out in the literature Stevenson, RA, AHBily, et al. (2015). Rethinking Wireless Communications: Advanced Antenna Design using LCD Technology. SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 46 (1): 827-830, the performance indicators of liquid crystal materials and phase shifters have different focuses; for metamaterial-based antennas, liquid crystal materials are required to have a larger birefringence, and the device performance is more dependent on high-frequency dielectric anisotropy (Δε) and dielectric tuning rate (τ), that is, liquid crystal materials with as large (Δε) and dielectric tuning rate (τ) as possible are required, and there is no requirement for dielectric loss.

[0009] For satellite communications and other "communication in motion" application scenarios, especially phased array antennas used for medium and low orbit satellite communications, the beam switching speed is a key technical indicator to maintain smooth communication. The beam switching speed depends entirely on the response speed of the liquid crystal, which is determined by the following formula (3):

[0010]

[0011] When the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is fixed, to achieve fast wave speed switching, a liquid crystal material with low rotational viscosity (γ1) is required.

[0012] In addition, since liquid crystal antennas are mostly used outdoors, a wider operating temperature range of nematic liquid crystal is required. At least a nematic liquid crystal phase is required within a temperature range of -20°C to +100°C or wider, and no crystallization or smectic phase is required for long-term storage at a low temperature of -20°C or lower.

[0013] In the study of liquid crystal materials for microwave antennas, it was found that liquid crystal materials with molecular end groups of isothiocyanate (NCS) have relatively large high-frequency dielectric anisotropy. The Chinese patents with application publication numbers CN107955630A, CN105368465A and CN110499163A, and the U.S. patent with publication number US2019292458A1 all disclose liquid crystal compositions with NCS-based molecular ends, but the high-frequency dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal materials in the above patents is still not high enough and the rotational viscosity is large. At the same time, with the increase of high-frequency dielectric anisotropy or birefringence, the intermolecular forces of liquid crystal molecules increase, resulting in crystallization or smectic phase at low temperatures, and also causing a substantial increase in viscosity.

[0014] Therefore, due to the mutual constraints between technical indicators such as dielectric anisotropy, rotational viscosity, and low-temperature performance at high frequencies, it is difficult for the liquid crystal materials disclosed in the prior art to simultaneously meet these diverse technical indicator requirements. Summary of the invention

[0015] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, one object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition to solve the technical problem that the liquid crystal composition in the prior art cannot have a wider operating temperature range, a higher birefringence, a lower viscosity and a larger dielectric anisotropy at high frequency.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical communication element and a high-frequency component to solve the technical problem that the optical communication element and the high-frequency component in the prior art cannot respond quickly within a wide operating temperature range and cannot operate under low voltage conditions.

[0017] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to achieve the above problems:

[0018] A liquid crystal composition, comprising one or more compounds represented by general structural formula I, compounds represented by general structural formula II, and compounds represented by general structural formula III:

[0019]

[0020]

[0021] In the general structural formula I, the general structural formula II and the general structural formula III:

[0022] R1, R2 or R3 are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorinated alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorinated alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and substituted with a cycloalkyl group;

[0023] X1, X2, X3, X4 or X5 are independently fluorine or hydrogen.

[0024] The present invention also has the following technical features:

[0025] Specifically, the liquid crystal composition further comprises one or more compounds as shown in the general structural formula IV:

[0026]

[0027] In the general structural formula IV:

[0028] R4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorinated alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorinated alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and substituted with a cycloalkyl group.

[0029] Specifically, in the liquid crystal composition: the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula I is 10-60%, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula II is 10-40%, and the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula III is 30-50%.

[0030] Preferably, in the liquid crystal composition, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula I is 15-50%.

[0031] More preferably, in the liquid crystal composition, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula I is 20-40%.

[0032] Preferably, in the liquid crystal composition, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula II is 15-30%.

[0033] More preferably, in the liquid crystal composition, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula II is 15-20%.

[0034] Preferably, in the liquid crystal composition, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula III is 30-45%.

[0035] Specifically, in the liquid crystal composition, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula IV is 0 to 30%.

[0036] Preferably, in the liquid crystal composition, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula IV is 5 to 25%.

[0037] More preferably, in the liquid crystal composition, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula IV is 5 to 20%.

[0038] Specifically, the liquid crystal composition has a nematic liquid crystal phase at least in the temperature range of -20°C to +100°C, and has no crystallization or smectic phase when stored for a long time at a temperature of -20°C or less;

[0039] The rotational viscosity of the liquid crystal composition at a temperature of 25° C. is lower than 350 mPa·s.

[0040] Preferably, the liquid crystal composition has a nematic liquid crystal phase at least in the temperature range of -25°C to +110°C.

[0041] Specifically, under the test conditions of a temperature of 25° C. and a wavelength of 589 nm, the birefringence of the liquid crystal composition is greater than 0.42.

[0042] Specifically, under the test conditions of a temperature of 25° C. and a wavelength of 1550 nm, the birefringence of the liquid crystal composition is greater than 0.32.

[0043] Specifically, under high frequency conditions of 19 GHz, the dielectric anisotropy Δε of the liquid crystal composition is greater than or equal to 1.35, and the adjustability τ of the liquid crystal composition is greater than or equal to 0.35.

[0044] Preferably, under high frequency conditions of 19 GHz, the dielectric anisotropy Δε of the liquid crystal composition is greater than or equal to 1.38, and the adjustability τ of the liquid crystal composition is greater than or equal to 0.36.

[0045] Specifically, under the low frequency condition of 1 KHz, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal composition is greater than or equal to 10.0.

[0046] Preferably, under low frequency conditions of 1 KHz, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal composition is greater than or equal to 12.0.

[0047] The present invention also protects an optical communication element, wherein the optical communication element comprises the liquid crystal composition as described above.

[0048] The present invention also protects a high-frequency component, wherein the high-frequency component comprises the liquid crystal composition as described above.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0050] (I) The liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a high birefringence, a wide nematic phase liquid crystal temperature range and a low rotational viscosity, and the liquid crystal composition has a large dielectric tuning rate under high frequency conditions. The liquid crystal composition of the present invention is mainly suitable for filters, adjustable frequency selective surfaces, microwave phase shifters, microwave phased array antennas, laser phase modulation, laser phased arrays, laser communications and other fields.

[0051] (II) The optical communication components and high-frequency components made using the liquid crystal composition of the present invention can respond quickly within a wide operating temperature range and can also operate under low voltage conditions.

[0052] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In the present invention:

[0054] The specific meaning of wide temperature is that liquid crystal compositions, optical communication components and high-frequency components have a wide operating temperature range, that is, they can adapt to high temperature and low temperature environments.

[0055] The structures of the optical communication element and the high-frequency component both adopt the structures of the known optical communication element and the high-frequency component.

[0056] In the present invention, the liquid crystal composition is prepared in a conventional manner, and the specific preparation process is: first, monomer liquid crystals of different weight proportions are weighed with a precision balance, heated to 60°C to 100°C, and homogeneously mixed by magnetic stirring or ultrasonic stirring while heating, and stirred for 1 to 2 hours to make the components dissolve evenly, until the components are completely dissolved and filtered after cooling, and the filtered liquid is degassed under high vacuum conditions (specifically, under conditions of air pressure ≤100Pa), and finally packaged with high-purity nitrogen to obtain the target mixed liquid crystal.

[0057] As an alternative to the present invention, the liquid crystal composition can also be prepared in other conventional ways, for example using so-called premixes, or using so-called "multi-bottle" systems, the components of which are themselves ready-to-use mixtures.

[0058] As an optional solution of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition is composed of multiple compounds; preferably, the liquid crystal composition is composed of 3 to 20 compounds; more preferably, the liquid crystal composition is composed of 5 to 18 compounds.

[0059] As an optional scheme of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition is composed of the following raw materials in terms of mass ratio: 37% of the compound represented by the general structural formula I, 15% of the compound represented by the general structural formula II, 34-40% of the compound represented by the general structural formula III, 8-14% of the compound represented by the general structural formula IV, and the sum of the mass ratios of the raw materials is 100%.

[0060] As an optional solution of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition may further include additives, including but not limited to hindered phenol antioxidants and hindered amine light stabilizers, and the additives are added in an amount of 0.001% to 1% in the liquid crystal composition.

[0061] Specifically, the hindered phenol antioxidant is selected from the compounds shown in the general structural formula V or VI:

[0062]

[0063] In the general structural formula V and the general structural formula VI:

[0064] R5 and R6 are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0065] Preferably, the hindered amine light stabilizer is selected from the compounds shown in chemical formula VII, chemical formula VIII or chemical formula IX:

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] Preferably, the amount of the hindered phenol antioxidant added to the liquid crystal composition is 0.01% to 0.5%.

[0069] More preferably, the amount of the hindered phenol antioxidant added to the liquid crystal composition is 0.02% to 0.2%.

[0070] Preferably, the amount of the hindered amine light stabilizer added to the liquid crystal composition is 0.01% to 0.5%.

[0071] More preferably, the amount of the hindered amine light stabilizer added to the liquid crystal composition is 0.02% to 0.2%.

[0072] Specifically, the liquid crystal composition may further include one or more chiral additives, and the chiral additives are selected from compounds represented by the general structural formula X or the general structural formula XI:

[0073]

[0074] In the general structural formula X and the general structural formula XI:

[0075] R7 and R8 are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0076] Preferably, the mass content of the chiral additive in the liquid crystal composition is 0.01% to 1%.

[0077] More preferably, the mass content of the chiral additive in the liquid crystal composition is 0.1% to 0.5%.

[0078] The optical communication element of the present invention includes the liquid crystal composition as described above, and the optical communication element can be used in the fields of laser phase modulation and wavelength selective switch operating at a wavelength of 1550 nm.

[0079] The liquid crystal composition of the present invention is very suitable for preparing microwave components, and the high-frequency components operate in UHF-band (0.3-1 GHz), L-band (1-2 GHz), S-band (2-4 GHz), C-band (4-8 GHz), X-band (8-12 GHz), Ku-band (12-18 GHz), K-band (18-27 GHz), Ka-band (27-40 GHz), V-band (50-75 GHz), W-band (75-110 GHz) and up to 1 THz. The use of the high-frequency components for the construction of metamaterial phased array antennas is a routine setting for those skilled in the art.

[0080] The prepared target mixed liquid crystal is subjected to physical and photoelectric performance tests. The detailed test methods of the physical and photoelectric performances involved in the present invention are as follows:

[0081] (1) Clearing point (Tni):

[0082] Polarized light hot stage method: Apply the liquid crystal sample on a glass slide and place it in an orthogonal polarized light microscope hot stage, and set the heating rate to 2°C / min. The temperature at which the liquid crystal sample starts to turn black from bright state under a polarized light microscope is the clearing point.

[0083] Alternatively, differential scanning calorimetry was used: under nitrogen atmosphere, the heating rate was set to 2°C / min.

[0084] (2) Low temperature storage temperature (LTS): Place about 1 mL of mixed liquid crystal into a transparent glass bottle (referred to as "inbottle") or a 5μm antiparallel cell (referred to as "in cell") and place it in a low temperature refrigerator. Set the temperature to -20℃, -30℃, and -40℃, store for 120h, 500h, and 1000h respectively, and observe whether there is crystal precipitation or smectic phase. If no crystal precipitation occurs at -30℃, LTS ≤ -30℃.

[0085] (3) Birefringence (Δn): Using an Abbe refractometer, at a constant temperature of 25°C and a light source of 589 nm, the ordinary light (n o ) and extraordinary light (n e ) refractive index, birefringence Δn = n e -n o .

[0086] (4) Dielectric constant (Δε, 1KHz): Tested with an LCR meter at a constant temperature of 25°C. Δε = ε ∥ -ε ⊥ , that is, the dielectric constant along the long axis of the molecule (ε ∥ ) and the dielectric constant along the molecular short axis (ε ⊥ ) is the difference between .

[0087] (5) Elastic constant (K 11 , K 33 ): Under the condition of 25℃ constant temperature, the capacitance-voltage (CV) curve of liquid crystal is tested and K is obtained by fitting. 11 and K 33 .

[0088] (6) Rotational viscosity (γ1): Under a constant temperature of 25°C, by applying voltage to the liquid crystal test box, the instantaneous current value Ip of the liquid crystal molecules deflected by the electric field movement is tested, and the rotational viscosity γ1 is calculated.

[0089] (7) Tuning (τ, 19 GHz): Pour liquid crystal into a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or fused silica capillary, and insert the capillary filled with liquid crystal into the middle of the resonant chamber. Then apply an input signal source and use a vector network analyzer to record the output signal results. Measure the changes in the resonant frequency and Q factor between the capillary filled with liquid crystal and the blank capillary, and calculate the 19 GHz dielectric constant and loss tangent value. The dielectric constants (ε) perpendicular and parallel to the liquid crystal director are ∥ , ε ⊥ ) component is obtained by the orientation of the liquid crystal in a magnetic field, setting the direction of the magnetic field accordingly and then rotating it by 90° accordingly. Adjustability τ = (ε ∥ -ε ⊥ ) / ε ∥ .

[0090] In the present invention, the symbols of the physical parameters are shown in Table 3:

[0091] Table 3 Physical parameters

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] The code descriptions of the liquid crystal compounds are shown in Table 4 and Table 5:

[0095] Table 4 Structural abbreviations

[0096]

[0097] Table 5 Examples of abbreviations

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Symbols for liquid crystal phase transition temperature: C represents melting point, S represents smectic phase, N represents nematic phase, and Iso represents liquid state.

[0101] Embodiment 1:

[0102] This embodiment provides a liquid crystal composition. The components of the liquid crystal composition, the mass ratio of each component in the liquid crystal composition, and the performance data of the liquid crystal composition are shown in Table 1.

[0103] Table 1 Liquid crystal composition and its properties in Example 1

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] Embodiment 2:

[0107] This embodiment provides a liquid crystal composition. The components of the liquid crystal composition, the mass ratio of each component in the liquid crystal composition, and the performance data of the liquid crystal composition are shown in Table 2.

[0108] Table 2 Liquid crystal composition and its properties in Example 2

[0109]

[0110] Embodiment 3:

[0111] This embodiment provides a liquid crystal composition, the components of the liquid crystal composition, the mass ratio of each component in the liquid crystal composition, and the performance data of the liquid crystal composition are shown in Table 3.

[0112] Table 3 Liquid crystal composition and its properties in Example 3

[0113]

[0114] Embodiment 4:

[0115] This embodiment provides a liquid crystal composition. The components of the liquid crystal composition, the mass ratio of each component in the liquid crystal composition, and the performance data of the liquid crystal composition are shown in Table 4.

[0116] Table 4 Liquid crystal composition and properties of Example 4

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] Comparative Example 1:

[0120] This comparative example provides a liquid crystal composition, the components of the liquid crystal composition, the mass ratio of each component in the liquid crystal composition and the performance data of the liquid crystal composition are shown in Table 5. The formula code of the liquid crystal composition is HB-25 and HB-25-2.

[0121] Table 5 Liquid crystal composition and its properties in Comparative Example 1

[0122]

[0123]

[0124] In the liquid crystal composition of comparative example 1, the monomer liquid crystal is selected from the compounds shown in the general structural formula I, the general structural formula III and the general structural formula IV of the present invention, and the liquid crystal composition further comprises a liquid crystal compound having a terphenyl skeleton. Although the liquid crystal composition in comparative example 1 has a high birefringence, the low temperature performance of the liquid crystal composition is poor. It can only maintain a nematic phase for a short period of time under the condition of -15°C, and will become a smectic phase when stored for a long time under the condition of -10°C, which cannot meet the operating temperature requirements of the device.

[0125] Compared with Comparative Example 1, the liquid crystal compositions in Examples 1 to 4 are still in the nematic phase when stored for a long time at -20°C, and no crystallization or smectic phase appears after 500 hours of storage; the liquid crystal compositions in Examples 1 to 4 are poured into a liquid crystal box, and are still in the nematic phase at -40°C, and no crystallization or smectic phase appears after 500 hours of storage. From the above analysis, it can be seen that the present invention significantly improves the low-temperature performance of liquid crystals, and the prepared liquid crystal compositions can meet the adaptability requirements of devices to high-temperature and low-temperature environments in practical applications. At the same time, the liquid crystal compositions in Examples 1 to 4 of the present invention also have a higher birefringence.

[0126] Comparative Example 2:

[0127] This comparative example provides a liquid crystal composition, the components of the liquid crystal composition, the mass ratio of each component in the liquid crystal composition and the performance data of the liquid crystal composition are shown in Table 6.

[0128] Table 6 Liquid crystal composition and its properties in Comparative Example 2

[0129]

[0130]

[0131] The liquid crystal composition of Comparative Example 2, wherein the monomeric liquid crystal is selected from the compounds shown in the general structural formula II, the general structural formula III and the general structural formula IV of the present invention. Under the high frequency condition of 19 GHz, the dielectric anisotropy Δε of the liquid crystal composition of Comparative Example 2 is 1.2803, and the compatibility τ is 0.342. Compared with Comparative Example 2, under the high frequency condition of 19 GHz, the Δε and τ of the liquid crystal compositions in Examples 1 to 4 are significantly increased.

[0132] Comparative Example 3:

[0133] This comparative example provides a liquid crystal composition, the components of the liquid crystal composition, the mass ratio of each component in the liquid crystal composition and the performance data of the liquid crystal composition are shown in Table 7.

[0134] Table 7 Liquid crystal composition and its properties in Comparative Example 3

[0135]

[0136] The liquid crystal composition in Comparative Example 3 has a Δn of 0.403 at 25°C and a rotational viscosity of 423 mPa·s; compared with Comparative Example 3, the liquid crystal compositions in Examples 1 to 4 have a larger Δn, a lower rotational viscosity, and better low-temperature storage performance.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal composition, characterized in that: The liquid crystal composition is composed of a compound shown in general structural formula I, a compound shown in general structural formula II, a compound shown in general structural formula III, and a compound shown in general structural formula IV: I； II; III; IV; In the general structural formula I, the general structural formula II, the general structural formula III and the general structural formula IV: R1, R2 or R3 are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group substituted with a cycloalkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms; X1, X2, X3, X4 or X5 are independently fluorine or hydrogen; R4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and substituted with a cycloalkyl group; In the liquid crystal composition: the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula I is 10-60%, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula II is 10-40%, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula III is 30-50%, the mass proportion of the compound represented by the general structural formula IV is 0-30%, and the mass proportion is not 0.

2. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein The liquid crystal composition has a nematic liquid crystal phase at least in the temperature range of -20°C to +100°C, and has no crystallization or smectic phase when stored for a long time at a temperature of -20°C or less; The rotational viscosity of the liquid crystal composition at a temperature of 25° C. is lower than 350 mPa•s.

3. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein Under the test conditions of a temperature of 25° C. and a wavelength of 589 nm, the birefringence of the liquid crystal composition is greater than 0.

42.

4. The liquid crystal composition according to claim 1, wherein Under high frequency conditions of 19 GHz, the dielectric anisotropy Δε of the liquid crystal composition is greater than or equal to 1.35, and the adjustability τ of the liquid crystal composition is greater than or equal to 0.

35.

5. An optical communication element, characterized in that: The optical communication element comprises the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A high frequency component, characterized in that: The high-frequency component comprises the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

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