A rice field water-saving irrigation and tail water treatment system and method

Abstract

The application relates to a rice field water-saving irrigation and tail water treatment system and method, which comprises a main canal, branch canals, water distribution canals, ring ditches, gates, water flow monitors and water pumps. The main canal is connected with the branch canals, the branch canals are connected with the water distribution canals arranged between multiple fields, and branch gate is arranged at the intersection of the branch canals and the water distribution canals. Irrigation water flows into the branch canals from the main canal and then flows into the water distribution canals. Ring ditches are arranged around each field, inner gates are arranged at the intersections between the ring ditches, the inner gates are opened, irrigation water flows into the rice field along the ring ditches, the water distribution canals are connected with middle canals located in the middle of each field, the middle canals are connected with drainage ditches, and drainage gates are arranged at the connection positions. Due to the height difference between the ring ditches and the middle canals, tail water in the ring ditches is discharged into the middle canals through the water pumps, the drainage gates are closed, tail water gates at the intersections of the middle canals and the water distribution canals are opened, tail water in the middle canals returns to the water distribution canals, and the tail water is recycled for water-saving irrigation. The water-saving irrigation is achieved by using rice, and the treatment method has the same effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of agricultural irrigation technology, and in particular to a water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system and method for paddy fields. Background Technology

[0002] Because of the distinct seasons, abundant sunshine, and large temperature differences between day and night in northern China, rice varieties accumulate organic matter more readily. As a result, northern rice has a higher amylopectin content, a stickier texture, and a softer, chewier consistency, making it of higher quality than southern indica rice. Ningxia, located in the arid northwest, relies heavily on the Yellow River for its development; without irrigation, there is no agricultural production. However, with the gradual increase in irrigated areas in recent years and the decreasing water volume of the Yellow River due to climate warming, Ningxia has tightened water quotas for industrial and agricultural production to address water scarcity, ushering in a period of deep water conservation and control in agriculture.

[0003] In Ningxia, one-third of the water entering the paddy fields is used for rice growth, one-third evaporates into water vapor, and one-third seeps into the soil and surrounding ditches. Each irrigation can keep the paddy fields irrigated for 3-7 days, while the interval between water releases is generally 15-20 days. If the paddy fields are not irrigated after 7 days, it will directly affect the growth and tillering of the rice, leading to a reduction in rice yield. The tailwater seeping out of the paddy fields also contains nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and direct discharge will waste water resources.

[0004] Currently, water-saving irrigation can be achieved using pressure irrigation technologies such as sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, and micro-sprinkler irrigation. However, due to the high initial investment and difficult operation and maintenance of these pressure irrigation technologies, conventional surface irrigation technology remains the most widely used traditional irrigation method. In addition, Ningxia has distinct regional characteristics, especially north of Yinchuan, where there is a lot of salinity and low-lying land. Existing water-saving irrigation systems cannot solve the problems of water accumulation in low-lying areas and balance the salinity of local paddy fields. They also cannot monitor the irrigation water volume of each field, making water-saving irrigation not precise enough. Therefore, a refined water-saving irrigation system based on traditional surface irrigation technology that is easy to promote, economically efficient, suitable for low-lying and saline-alkali land, and can recycle wastewater resources is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the core of this application is to provide a water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system and method for paddy fields, which can solve the problems of water-saving irrigation, water resource recycling and tailwater treatment in low-lying and saline-alkali land.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a water-saving irrigation and wastewater treatment system for paddy fields, comprising:

[0007] The system includes a main canal, branch canals, irrigation ditches between multiple fields, and ring ditches surrounding multiple fields. The main canal connects to the branch canals, and the branch canals connect to the irrigation ditches. A main gate is installed at the connection between the main canal and the branch canals, and a branch gate is installed at the confluence of the branch canals and the irrigation ditches. A water flow monitor is installed on the irrigation ditches. Inner gates are installed at the boundaries between the ring ditches. The irrigation ditches connect to a central canal located in the middle of each field. There is a height difference between the ring ditches and the central canal. A drainage ditch is connected to the side of the central canal away from the main canal. A drainage gate is installed at the connection between the drainage ditch and the central canal. A water pump is installed in the ring ditch near the central canal. A tailrace gate is installed at the confluence of the central canal and the irrigation ditches. Each field comprises the multiple fields.

[0008] In one feasible implementation, the elevation difference of the annular ditch decreases sequentially in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and a water pump is installed at the lowest point within the annular ditch.

[0009] Preferably, production roads are provided on one side of the water distribution channel and on both sides of the central channel, and an archway is provided at the intersection of the production road and the central channel.

[0010] In one feasible design, the annular trench has a width of 6 meters and a depth of 1.5 meters.

[0011] Preferably, a control valve is installed on the branch canal.

[0012] In one feasible implementation, the inner gate includes an inlet gate, an inlet-outlet gate, and an outlet gate. The inlet gate is located at the intersection of the annular ditch and the water distribution channel. Correspondingly, the inlet-outlet gate is located at the intersection of the annular ditch where the inlet gate is located and the annular ditch in the horizontal direction. Correspondingly, the outlet gate is located at the end of the annular ditch where the inlet-outlet gate is located that is away from the water distribution channel.

[0013] To address the aforementioned technical problems, based on the aforementioned paddy field water-saving irrigation and wastewater treatment system, this application also provides a paddy field water-saving irrigation and wastewater treatment method, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Open the main gate and branch gates to release the measured irrigation water;

[0015] Open the inlet gate, and keep both the inlet and outlet gates closed.

[0016] After the irrigation is set for a certain time, the inlet and outlet gates are opened, while the outlet gate remains closed.

[0017] After the irrigation is scheduled for a certain time, the outlet gate is opened;

[0018] Turn on the water pump to pump the tailwater in the ring ditch into the central channel;

[0019] Open the drain gate, while keeping the tailrace gate closed;

[0020] Open the tailrace gate, while keeping the drain gate closed.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, this application achieves water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment for paddy fields by planning and designing main canals, branch canals, diversion canals and ring ditches, and setting up gates, water flow monitors and water pumps. The main canal, drawing water from the Yellow River, connects to branch canals, which in turn connect to irrigation ditches situated between various fields. Yellow River water flows from the main canal into the branch canals. At the confluence of the branch and irrigation ditches are sluice gates; opening these gates allows Yellow River water to flow from the branch canals into the irrigation ditches. Water flow monitors are installed on the irrigation ditches to accurately calculate the irrigation water volume for each field. Each field is surrounded by a ring ditch, with inner gates at the junctions of these ditches. Opening these inner gates allows Yellow River water to flow from the irrigation ditches into the ring ditches, irrigating each field. The irrigation ditches connect to a central canal located in the middle of each field. Water seeping out after irrigation and any remaining irrigation water are stored in the ring ditches, where fish and crabs are raised. Pumps are installed in the ring ditches near the central canal to discharge fish waste and tailwater into the central canal. The central canal is connected to a drainage ditch, and a drainage gate is installed at the connection between the drainage ditch and the central canal. The tailwater produced by the first two irrigations has a high salt and alkali content, which will affect the growth of rice. Therefore, after the first two irrigations, the drainage gate is opened directly to discharge the tailwater in the central canal into the drainage ditch. From the third irrigation onwards, the drainage gate is closed and the tailwater is collected in the central canal. A tailwater gate is installed at the confluence of the central canal and the branch canal. When the tailwater gate is opened, the height of the central canal is higher than that of the branch canal, and the tailwater in the central canal flows into the branch canal and is recycled back to the field. The rice can absorb nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from the tailwater, which reduces the eutrophication of the tailwater and the loss of fertility in the paddy field. The tailwater is recycled and treated at the same time. In addition, the water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment method for paddy fields provided in this application has the same effect. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a paddy field water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is an enlarged view of section A of a schematic diagram of a paddy field water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of section B in the structural schematic diagram of a paddy field water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] In the diagram: 1. Main canal; 2. Branch canal; 3. Diversion canal; 4. Ring ditch; 5. Main gate; 6. Branch gate; 7. Inner gate; 701. Inlet gate; 702. Inlet and outlet gates; 703. Outlet gate; 8. Water flow monitor; 9. Middle canal; 10. Drainage ditch; 11. Drainage gate; 12. Water pump; 13. Tailrace gate; 14. Pump; 15. Production road; 16. Bridge; 17. Control valve. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments of the technical solution of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, and are therefore merely examples and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this application; the terms "comprising," "having," and any variations thereof in the specification, claims, and the foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0028] The core of this application is to provide a water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system and method for paddy fields, which solves the problems of water-saving irrigation, water resource recycling and tailwater treatment in low-lying and saline-alkali lands.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a paddy field water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an enlarged view of section A of a schematic diagram of a paddy field water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an enlarged view of section B in the structural schematic diagram of a paddy field water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; as shown. Figures 1 to 2 As shown.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] A water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system for paddy fields includes a main canal 1, branch canals 2, diversion canals 3, and a ring ditch 4. The main canal 1, which draws water from the Yellow River, connects to the branch canals 2. A main gate 5 is installed at the connection between the main canal 1 and the branch canals 2. During paddy field irrigation, the main gate 5 is opened to release a fixed amount of Yellow River water into the branch canals 2, and then the main gate 5 is closed. Preferably, a control valve 17 is installed on the branch canals 2 to control the water volume upstream and downstream. When the upstream water volume is too high, the control valve 17 is opened to allow irrigation water to flow downstream; when the upstream water volume is too low, the control valve 17 is closed to increase the upstream water volume of the branch canals 2. The branch canals 2 are connected to the diversion canals located between multiple paddy fields. The canal 3 is connected, and a water flow monitor 8 is installed on the branch canal 3 to accurately measure the irrigation water volume of each field. A branch gate 6 is set at the intersection of the branch canal 2 and the branch canal 3. When the branch gate 6 is opened, the Yellow River water in the branch canal 2 flows along the branch canal 3 to the ring ditches 4 set around the multiple fields. Each field contains multiple fields, and all the ring ditches 4 are interconnected. An inner gate 7 is set at the junction of the ring ditches 4. When the inner gate 7 is opened, the Yellow River water flows into the fields along each ring ditches 4 to irrigate each field. When digging the ring ditches 4, if the field is adjacent to the branch canal 3, it is not necessary to set up the ring ditches 4 again on the side of the field closest to the branch canal 3.

[0032] The irrigation canal 3 connects to the central canal 9 located in the middle of each field. Water seeping out after irrigation and the remaining water are stored in the ring ditch 4, where fish and crabs are raised. The seeping water and its salinity provide a good growth environment for the fish and crabs. A water pump 12 is installed in the ring ditch 4 near the central canal 9. Since there is a height difference between the ring ditch 4 and the central canal 9, preferably, the central canal 9 is higher than the ring ditch 4. The water pump 12 discharges the excrement and wastewater produced by the fish in the ring ditch 4 into the central canal 9. The arrangement of the ring ditch 4 and the central canal 9 facilitates drainage and infiltration in the paddy fields, reducing salinity accumulation. A drainage ditch 10 is connected to the side of the central canal 9 away from the main canal 1. A drainage gate 11 is installed at the connection between the drainage ditch 10 and the central canal 9. (The last sentence appears to be incomplete and possibly refers to the first two irrigations.) The wastewater produced has a high salt and alkali content. If it is recycled, the salt content in the soil will be too high, which will affect the growth of rice. Therefore, after the first two irrigations, the drainage gate 11 is opened directly to discharge the wastewater in the middle canal 9 into the drainage ditch 10. When the third irrigation begins, the drainage gate 11 is closed and the wastewater is collected in the middle canal 9. A wastewater gate 13 is set at the intersection of the middle canal 9 and the branch canal 3. When the wastewater gate 13 is opened, the wastewater in the middle canal 9 circulates along the branch canal 3. When the inner gate 7 is opened, the wastewater returns to the field along the ring ditches 4, realizing water-saving irrigation through recycling. At the same time, the rice can absorb nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the wastewater, which reduces the eutrophication of the wastewater and the loss of fertility in the paddy field. The wastewater is treated while being recycled.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] Based on Example 1, the elevation difference of the ring ditch 4 decreases sequentially in either clockwise or counterclockwise direction. A water pump 14 is installed at the lowest point of the ring ditch 4. The irrigation water in the ring ditch 4 flows from high to low and finally collects at the lowest point of the ring ditch 4. It is then pumped by the water pump 14 to the highest point of the ring ditch 4 and flows from high to low again, so that the irrigation water in the ring ditch 4 forms a gravity flow trajectory and realizes internal circulation. The continuous flow of water in the ring ditch 4 can also increase the oxygen content in the ring ditch 4, which is more conducive to the growth of fish and crabs.

[0035] Preferably, the ring ditch 4 is 6 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep. The elevation difference of the fields below the ring ditch 4 decreases sequentially in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction. Gradients are set on both sides of the ring ditch 4. The 6-meter width of the ring ditch 4 facilitates the setting of gradients, and the 1.5-meter depth is conducive to fish and crab farming. Furthermore, the inner gate 7 includes an inlet gate 701, an inlet / outlet gate 702, and an outlet gate 703, which can control the irrigation water volume of each field to ensure that each field can be fully irrigated. The inlet gate 701 is located between the ring ditch 4 and the outlet gate 703. At the confluence of the water diversion canal 3, the corresponding inlet and outlet gate 702 is located at the confluence of the ring ditch 4 where the inlet gate 701 is located and the horizontal ring ditch 4. Correspondingly, the outlet gate 703 is located at the end of the ring ditch 4 where the inlet and outlet gate 702 is located away from the water diversion canal 3. Production roads 15 are provided on one side of the water diversion canal 3 and on both sides of the central canal 9 to facilitate the passage and operation of workers between the fields. A bridge 16 is provided at the confluence of the production road 15 and the central canal 9 to ensure that the flow of the central canal 9 is not blocked by the production road 15.

[0036] Example 3

[0037] The paddy field water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system described in Example 2 includes the following steps:

[0038] S1: Open the main gate 5 and the branch gate 6 to release a measured amount of irrigation water;

[0039] The Yellow River water flows from the main canal 1 through the branch canal 2 into the diversion canal 3. The water flow monitor 8 on the diversion canal 3 can monitor the amount of water entering the diversion canal 3, thereby controlling the total irrigation water for each field.

[0040] S2: Open the inlet gate 701, while the inlet gate 702 and the outlet gate 703 remain closed;

[0041] Irrigation water in the water diversion canal 3 enters the ring ditch between the inlet gate 701 and the outlet gate 702 from the inlet gate 701. The irrigation water flowing in the water diversion canal 3 and the ring ditch seeps into the field with the help of the soil, thus moistening the field. It does not damage the soil structure of the rice roots and can save water by reducing evaporation.

[0042] S3: After the irrigation is set for a certain time, open the inlet and outlet gates 702, and keep the outlet gate 703 closed;

[0043] The irrigation water in the ring ditch between the inlet gate 701 and the outlet gate 702 is divided into two streams. One stream flows into the horizontal ring ditch in the middle of each field, and the other stream flows into the ring ditch between the inlet gate 702 and the outlet gate 703, continuing to irrigate the fields adjacent to the inlet ring ditch.

[0044] S4: After the irrigation is set for a certain time, open the outlet gate 703;

[0045] Based on the total irrigation water volume and area of ​​each field fed back by the water flow monitor 8, the irrigation time required can be estimated. When the irrigation time reaches half of the total required irrigation time, the gate 703 is opened to allow the irrigation water to flow into the ring ditch 4 at the bottom edge of each field and collect at the lowest point of the ring ditch 4 along the height difference of the ring ditch 4.

[0046] S5: Turn on water pump 12 to pump the tailwater in the ring ditch 4 into the central channel 9;

[0047] The irrigation water collected at the lowest point of the ring ditch 4 is pumped into the central canal 9 by the water pump 12. At this time, the tail water in the central canal 9 is treated in two ways.

[0048] S6: Open the drain gate 11, and keep the tailrace gate 13 closed;

[0049] The first treatment mode involves opening the drain gate 11 directly during the first two irrigations to discharge the wastewater with excessively high salt and alkali content.

[0050] S7: Open tailwater gate 13, and keep drain gate 11 closed.

[0051] The second treatment mode is to close the drainage gate 11 during the third irrigation, store the tailwater in the central canal 9, and open the tailwater gate 13 at the confluence of the central canal 9 and the diversion canal 3. Since the height of the central canal 9 is slightly higher than that of the diversion canal 3, after the tailwater gate 13 is opened, the tailwater in the central canal 9 flows into the diversion canal 3, and then enters the ring ditch between the inlet gate 701 and the inlet and outlet gate 702 from the diversion canal 3, realizing external circulation around the entire field.

[0052] This application achieves water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment for paddy fields by planning and designing a main canal 1, branch canals 2, diversion canals 3, and a ring ditch 4, and installing gates, water flow monitors 8, and water pumps 12. Yellow River water enters branch canal 2 from the main canal 1. The Yellow River water in branch canal 2 flows along diversion canal 3 to ring ditch 4. The irrigation water flowing in ring ditch 4 seeps into the fields through the soil, thus moistening the fields without damaging the soil structure around the rice roots, and achieving water-saving effects by reducing evaporation. The irrigation water in ring ditch 4 is used for fish and crab farming. The water pump 12 discharges the excrement and tailwater produced by the fish in ring ditch 4 into the central canal 9. The drainage gate 11 is opened to drain the excess salt and alkali content from the first two irrigations in the central canal 9. The high tailwater is discharged into the drainage ditch 10 to avoid affecting rice growth. After the third irrigation begins, the drainage gate 11 is closed and the tailwater is stored in the central canal 9. The tailwater gate 13 is opened so that the tailwater in the central canal 9 flows into the diversion canal 3 and is recycled back into the field, forming a recycling of tailwater and realizing water-saving irrigation. In addition, rice can absorb nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tailwater, which not only reduces the eutrophication of tailwater, but also reduces the loss of fertility in paddy fields. The recycling of tailwater also achieves the treatment of tailwater.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them. Although the foregoing embodiments have provided a detailed description of this application, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the embodiments can be combined in any way. This application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A water-saving irrigation and wastewater treatment system for paddy fields, characterized in that, include: The main canal (1), branch canals (2), diversion canals (3) set between multiple fields, and ring ditches (4) set around multiple fields are provided. The main canal (1) is connected to the branch canal (2), and the branch canal (2) is connected to the diversion canal (3). A main gate (5) is provided at the connection between the main canal (1) and the branch canal (2). A branch gate (6) is provided at the intersection of the branch canal (2) and the diversion canal (3). A water flow monitor (8) is installed on the diversion canal (3). An inner gate (7) is provided at the junction of the ring ditches (4). The diversion canal (3) is connected to the branch canal (2). There is a central canal (9) located in the middle of each field. There is a height difference between the ring ditch (4) and the central canal (9). The side of the central canal (9) away from the main canal (1) is connected to a drainage ditch (10). A drainage gate (11) is set at the connection between the drainage ditch (10) and the central canal (9). A water pump (12) is set in the ring ditch near the central canal (9). A tailwater gate (13) is set at the intersection of the central canal (9) and the branch canal (3). Each field contains multiple fields. The height of the central canal (9) is higher than the height of the ring ditch (4). The height difference of the ring ditch (4) decreases sequentially in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, and a water pump (14) is installed at the lowest point in the ring ditch (4). The inner gate (7) includes an inlet gate (701), an inlet gate (702) and an outlet gate (703), wherein the inlet gate (701) is located at the intersection of the ring ditch (4) and the water distribution channel (3); Correspondingly, the inlet / outlet gate (702) is located at the intersection of the annular groove (4) where the inlet gate (701) is located and the annular groove (4) in the horizontal direction; Correspondingly, the outlet gate (703) is located at the end of the ring ditch (4) where the inlet and outlet gate (702) is located, away from the water distribution channel (3).

2. The paddy field water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Production roads (15) are provided on one side of the water diversion channel (3) and on both sides of the central channel (9), and a bridge arch (16) is provided at the intersection of the production road (15) and the central channel (9).

3. The paddy field water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the annular trench (4) is 6 meters and the depth is 1.5 meters.

4. The paddy field water-saving irrigation and tailwater treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A control valve (17) is installed on the branch canal (2).

5. A method for water-saving irrigation and wastewater treatment in paddy fields, comprising a water-saving irrigation and wastewater treatment system for paddy fields according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Open the main gate and branch gates to release the measured irrigation water; Open the inlet gate, and keep both the inlet and outlet gates closed. After the irrigation is set for a certain time, the inlet and outlet gates are opened, while the outlet gate remains closed. After the irrigation is scheduled for a certain time, the outlet gate is opened; Turn on the water pump to pump the tailwater in the ring ditch into the central channel; During the first two irrigations, open the drain gate while keeping the tailrace gate closed. During the third irrigation, the tailwater gate is opened, while the drainage gate remains closed.

Images