Adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device and test method

Abstract

The present invention provides an adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device and test method, belonging to the field of geotechnical engineering technology, the test device comprises: a support assembly, comprising two support frames, each support frame is respectively fixed with a support plate arranged in the vertical direction; the two ends of the first slide are respectively fixed on the two support plates, and the height position of either end of the first slide on the corresponding support plate is adjustable, and a material box is arranged on the first slide; a scraping material trough for installing scraping materials is arranged at the bottom of the second slide; the accumulation assembly comprises a buffer plate, and a buffer material trough for installing buffer materials is arranged at the bottom of the buffer plate; the scraping material trough and the buffer material trough are both provided with force measuring pieces for measuring scraping force. The test device provided by the present invention comprehensively considers relevant factors such as the material characteristics of the landslide body, the movement path conditions (such as the slope or scraping area characteristics), and the accumulation site conditions, so as to more realistically restore the landslide movement and accumulation process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and in particular to an adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device and a test method. Background Art

[0002] High-speed long-distance landslides are extremely destructive due to their huge volume and ultra-high fluidity, so the study of their dynamic mechanism and movement and accumulation characteristics is particularly important. From the instability of the landslide to the completion of accumulation, it will be affected by topographic factors such as "slope" and "field", and will undergo a strong fragmentation process. At the same time, the landslide debris flow will interact with the slope base on the path during its migration, entraining and scraping the base material to increase its own volume, and change its movement and accumulation characteristics.

[0003] Model test devices have become an important means of studying landslide debris flows because they can better observe and monitor the movement and accumulation process of landslides and are easy to control. However, the existing related test devices cannot comprehensively consider relevant factors such as the characteristics of landslide materials, movement path characteristics, and accumulation site conditions, resulting in limited test scenarios for simulating landslide movement and accumulation processes. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device and test method to solve the problems mentioned in the prior art.

[0005] Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides an adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device, comprising:

[0006] The support assembly comprises two support frames arranged at intervals, each of the support frames being respectively provided with a support plate arranged in a vertical direction;

[0007] A first slideway, two ends of which are respectively fixed to the two support plates, and the height position of either end of the first slideway on the corresponding support plate is adjustable, and a material box for releasing the test slide is provided on the first slideway;

[0008] A second slide, one end of which is fixed on the support frame and connected to the first slide, a scraping material trough for installing scraping materials is provided at the bottom of the second slide, a baffle is provided in the scraping material trough, and the position of the baffle in the scraping material trough is adjustable;

[0009] The storage assembly comprises a horizontally placed buffer plate, one end of which is butt-jointed with an end of the second slideway away from the first slideway, a buffer material trough for accommodating buffer materials is provided at the bottom of the buffer plate, a partition is provided in the buffer material trough, and the position of the partition in the buffer material trough is adjustable;

[0010] Wherein, force measuring pieces for measuring impact scraping force are provided in both the scraping material trough and the buffer material trough.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0012] A first supporting crossbeam is arranged corresponding to the sliding direction of the first slideway, and a first measuring member movable along the length direction thereof is provided on the first supporting crossbeam;

[0013] A second supporting crossbeam is arranged corresponding to the sliding direction of the second slideway, and a second measuring member movable along the length direction thereof is provided on the second supporting crossbeam;

[0014] a third supporting crossbeam, arranged above the joint position of the first slideway and the second slideway, and provided with a third measuring member movable along the length direction thereof;

[0015] The fourth supporting cross beam is arranged above the buffer plate, and the fourth supporting cross beam is provided with a fourth measuring piece movable along the length direction thereof.

[0016] Furthermore, at least one of the first measuring device, the second measuring device, the third measuring device and the fourth measuring device is a high-speed camera.

[0017] Furthermore, the storage component further comprises:

[0018] An accumulation stop baffle is fixedly connected to one end of the buffer plate close to the second slideway, and the second slideway is butt-connected to the buffer plate after passing through the accumulation stop baffle;

[0019] The accumulation baffle is arranged obliquely relative to the buffer plate, and a blocking portion for blocking the test sliding body from flowing out of the buffer plate in the reverse direction is provided on the accumulation baffle.

[0020] Furthermore, the storage component further comprises:

[0021] A parking plate is detachably arranged on the buffer plate, wherein the inclination angle of the parking plate relative to the buffer plate is adjustable, and the distance between the parking plate and the second slideway on the buffer plate is adjustable;

[0022] An impact force measuring component is fixedly arranged on the impact surface of the parking plate corresponding to the impact direction of the test sliding body.

[0023] Furthermore, each of the support plates is provided with a plurality of reserved holes at intervals along its length direction, and a lifting component is provided at the bottom of the support frame. After the first slideway or the second slideway is lifted by the lifting component, a bearing connecting component is passed through the reserved hole to fix the first slideway or the second slideway to the corresponding support plate.

[0024] Furthermore, a reeling mechanism is fixedly provided on the top of the support frame away from the second slide, and the reeling mechanism is fixedly connected to the material box through an anchor rope. The reeling mechanism can reel in or release the anchor rope to adjust the position of the material box on the first slide.

[0025] Furthermore, the material box comprises a box body, the box body has an opening, the box body is pivotally provided with two box doors for jointly blocking the opening, and the two box doors are connected by a connecting piece to form a blocked state of the box body;

[0026] An elastic member is connected between each of the box doors and the box body, and the elastic member has a force to drive the box door to rotate and open the box body.

[0027] Furthermore, it also includes:

[0028] A camera is arranged facing the moving direction of the test sliding body, and is used to record the moving and stopping process of the test sliding body;

[0029] The three-dimensional laser scanner is used to obtain the shape of the scraped material and the shape of the buffer material before the test slide passes through the second slideway, and is also used to obtain the shape of the scraped material, the shape of the buffer material and the shape of the final accumulation body after the scraping and accumulation of the test slide is completed.

[0030] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a test method applicable to the adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device as described in any of the above items, the method comprising:

[0031] Adjusting the inclination angles of the first slideway and the second slideway;

[0032] Adjust the baffle position of the scraper trough and the baffle position of the buffer trough;

[0033] Prepare the test sliding material, load the test sliding material into a material box, and fix the material box loaded with the test sliding material at a preset position of the first slideway;

[0034] Configure scraping materials and buffer materials, and load the scraping materials and buffer materials into the scraping material tank and buffer material tank respectively;

[0035] The 3D laser scanner scans and records the shape of scraped materials and buffered materials;

[0036] Open the material box to release the test slide, record the data of the measuring parts and force measuring parts during the movement and accumulation of the test slide, and use a 3D laser scanner to scan and record the scraped material shape, buffer material shape and final accumulation shape after the test slide is accumulated stably.

[0037] From the above description, it can be seen that the adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device provided by the present invention fixes the two ends of the first slide on the two support plates respectively. Since the height position of either end of the first slide on the corresponding support plate is adjustable, when the second slide is docked with the first slide, the inclination angles of the first slide and the second slide can be adjusted accordingly, thereby realizing variable control of the sliding path length and slope of the landslide body.

[0038] In addition, a scraping material trough is set on the second slideway, and a buffer material trough is set on the buffer plate, and force measuring pieces are set in the scraping material trough and the buffer material trough. By filling different scraping materials and buffer materials, different slope conditions and accumulation site conditions can be simulated. When the position of the baffle or partition is adjusted, the data of the force measuring piece are used to quantify the movement characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the landslide body under different scraping area conditions and different accumulation sites, which is conducive to intuitively and comprehensively analyzing the influence of scraping effect, impact effect, etc. on the movement and accumulation characteristics of the landslide body, and realizing accurate simulation of the whole process of large deformation flow-scraping-impact-accumulation of rock and soil under complex "slope" and "field" conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the test device in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first support frame in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second support frame in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4a This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a material box in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4b It is a structural schematic diagram of a material box in a blocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4c It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the material box in the open state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the first slideway in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second slideway in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of a storage component in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a measuring piece frame in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Fig. 9 1 is a top view of the test device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Description of reference numerals;

[0052] 1. First support frame; 11. First frame frame; 12. First support plate; 13. Welded steel beam; 14. First reserved hole; 15. First lifting piece; 16. Winding mechanism;

[0053] 2. Second support frame; 21. Second frame frame; 22. Second support plate; 23. Welded crossbeam; 24. Second reserved hole; 25. Second lifting member;

[0054] 3. first slideway; 31. fixed pulley; 32. first steel bracket groove; 33. deformable plate;

[0055] 4. Second slideway; 41. Second steel bracket slot; 42. Scraping material slot; 43. Multi-component force sensor; 44. Baffle; 45. Scraping slot cover;

[0056] 5. Stop accumulation assembly; 51. Partition plate; 52. Buffer material trough; 53. Stop accumulation baffle; 54. Stop accumulation plate; 55. Buffer plate; 56. Buffer trough cover; 57. Impact force sensor;

[0057] 6. Material box; 61. Box body; 62. Box door; 63. Elastic member; 64. Connector; 65. Hook; 66. Anchor rope; 67. Box cover;

[0058] 7. Measuring piece frame; 71. First supporting beam; 72. Second supporting beam; 73. Third supporting beam; 74. Fourth supporting beam; 75. Fifth supporting beam;

[0059] 81. First measuring piece; 82. Second measuring piece; 83. Third measuring piece; 84. Fourth measuring piece; 85. Fifth measuring piece; 86. Sixth measuring piece; 87. Seventh measuring piece; 88. Camera; 89. Three-dimensional laser scanner. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0061] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar words used in the present disclosure do not represent any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Including" or "comprising" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing in front of the word cover the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0062] Due to the complexity and suddenness of landslide debris flow, the limitations of on-site monitoring methods and many other factors, model tests have become an important means of studying landslide debris flow because they can better observe and monitor the movement and accumulation process of landslides and are easy to control. However, the existing related test devices have certain technical defects:

[0063] (1) Existing simulation tests lack consideration of landslide site factors (such as whether the site is obstructed) and their movement and accumulation characteristics;

[0064] (2) Existing simulation tests generally directly lay materials with different friction coefficients on the bottom plate of the chute to change the roughness of the sliding bed, and rarely consider the material and energy exchange between the landslide body and the slope base material;

[0065] (3) Existing tests have not considered the impact of the slope base material characteristics on the impact and scraping of landslide debris flow;

[0066] (4) The existing experiments did not compare the impact scraping mechanism at different locations;

[0067] (5) The existing test equipment lacks the recording and extraction of dynamic scraping force signals.

[0068] Based on the above technical problems, the present application proposes an adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device and test method, which is used to simulate the whole process of large deformation flow-scraping-impact-stagnation under different "slope" and "field" conditions of rock and soil. The movement characteristics, flow characteristics, scraping characteristics, impact characteristics and accumulation characteristics of the sliding body can be observed and recorded. The following is a comprehensive explanation in conjunction with the drawings in the specification.

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, the adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device described in the present application includes:

[0070] The support assembly comprises two support frames arranged at intervals, each of the support frames being respectively provided with a support plate arranged in a vertical direction;

[0071] A first slideway 3, both ends of which are fixed to the two support plates respectively, and the height position of either end of the first slideway 3 on the corresponding support plate is adjustable, and a material box 6 for releasing the test slide is provided on the first slideway 3;

[0072] A second slide 4, one end of which is fixed to the support frame and connected to the first slide 3, a scraping material trough 42 for installing scraping materials is provided at the bottom of the second slide 4, a baffle 44 is provided in the scraping material trough 42, and the position of the baffle in the scraping material trough 42 is adjustable;

[0073] The storage assembly 5 comprises a horizontally placed buffer plate 55, one end of which is butt-jointed with the end of the second slideway 4 away from the first slideway 3, a buffer material slot 52 for accommodating buffer materials is provided at the bottom of the buffer plate 55, a partition plate 51 is provided in the buffer material slot 52, and the position of the partition plate 51 in the buffer material slot 52 is adjustable;

[0074] Wherein, force measuring pieces for measuring impact scraping force are disposed in both the scraping material trough 42 and the buffer material trough 52 .

[0075] From the above description, it can be seen that the adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device provided in the present application fixes the two ends of the first slide 3 on the two support plates respectively. Since the height position of either end of the first slide 3 on the corresponding support plate is adjustable, when the second slide 4 is docked with the first slide 3, the inclination angles of the first slide 3 and the second slide 4 can be adjusted accordingly, thereby realizing variable control of the sliding body height and the slope angle.

[0076] In addition, a scraping material trough 42 is provided on the second slide 4, and a buffer material trough 52 is provided on the buffer plate 55. Force measuring pieces are provided in the scraping material trough 42 and the buffer material trough 52. By filling different scraping materials and buffer materials, different slope conditions and accumulation site conditions can be simulated. When the position of the baffle 44 and / or the partition 51 is adjusted, the data of the force measuring piece are used to quantify the movement characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the landslide body under different scraping area conditions and different accumulation site conditions, which is conducive to intuitively and comprehensively analyzing the influence of scraping effect, impact effect, etc. on the movement and accumulation characteristics of the landslide body, and realizing accurate simulation of the whole process of large deformation flow-scraping-impact-accumulation of rock and soil under complex "slope" and "field" conditions.

[0077] Here, it should be noted that the directions of "left", "right", "up" and "down" in this application are references to Figure 1 The directions shown are explained in Figure 1 In the embodiment, the first slide 3 is located on the left side of the second slide 4, and the buffer plate 55 of the parking assembly 5 is located on the right side of the second slide 4. The description of the directions in the embodiments below will not be repeated.

[0078] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the support assembly includes a first support frame 1 and a second support frame 2 that are spaced apart, wherein the height of the first support frame 1 is higher than the height of the second support frame 2, and the first support frame 1 includes a first frame body frame 11 and a first support plate 12 welded and fixed inside the first frame body frame 11, wherein the upper and lower ends of the first support plate 12 are respectively fixed inside the first frame body frame 11 by a welded steel beam 13.

[0079] A first lifting piece 15 is placed at the bottom of the first support frame 1, and a plurality of first reserved holes 14 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the first support plate 12. Assembly holes matching the reserved holes are respectively arranged at both ends of the first slide 3. The lifting piece of the first support frame 1 lifts the left end of the first slide 3 until the assembly hole at the left end of the first slide 3 coincides with the first reserved hole 14 of the support plate, and then the left end of the first slide 3 is fixed to the first support frame 1 by a bearing connector 64 which penetrates the first reserved hole 14 and the assembly hole.

[0080] Similarly, if Figure 3 As shown, the structure of the second support frame 2 is roughly the same as that of the first support frame 1. The second support frame 2 includes a second frame body frame 21 and a second support plate 22 welded and fixed inside the second frame body frame 21. The upper and lower ends of the second support plate 22 are respectively fixed inside the second frame body frame 21 by a welded cross beam 23.

[0081] A second lifting piece 25 is placed at the bottom of the second support frame 2, and a plurality of second reserved holes 24 are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the second support plate 22. An assembly hole matching the second reserved hole 24 is arranged at the left end of the second slide 4. The second lifting piece 25 of the second support frame 2 lifts the left end of the second slide 4 until the assembly hole at the left end of the second slide 4 coincides with the second reserved hole 24 of the second support plate 22, and the left end of the second slide 4 is fixed to the second support frame 2 by a bearing connector 64 which penetrates the second reserved hole 24 and the assembly hole.

[0082] In the above embodiment, the assembly hole at the right end of the first slide 3 is the same size as the assembly hole at the left end of the second slide 4, and the right end of the first slide 3, the left end of the second slide 4 and the second reserved hole 24 of the second support plate 22 can be connected by a bearing connector 64. In addition, illustratively, the first lifting member 15 and the second lifting member 25 can be jacks, and rollers can be provided at the bottom of the first support frame 1 and the second support frame 2 to facilitate adjusting the distance between the first support frame 1 and the second support frame 2.

[0083] Through the above-mentioned arrangement, the first slide 3 can be fixed in different reserved holes of the first support plate 12 and the second support plate 22, and the second slide 4 can be fixed in different second reserved holes 24 of the second support plate 22 after docking with the first slide 3, which can facilitate flexible change of the inclination angles of the first slide 3 and the second slide 4, thereby facilitating the separate control of relevant influencing variables such as the angles of the acceleration zone and the circulation zone in the sliding path.

[0084] Furthermore, since the first slideway 3 and the second slideway 4 are both groove-shaped structures, the butt end of the first slideway 3 and the butt end of the second slideway 4 are connected by an accordion-type deformable plate 33, so that when the inclination angle of the first slideway 3 and the second slideway 4 changes, the accordion-type deformable plate 33 can compensate for the inclination displacement angle of the first slideway 3 and the second slideway 4, thereby avoiding leakage of the test slide material due to insufficient butt connection between the first slideway 3 and the second slideway 4. Here, the deformable plate 33 can also be a corrugated plate or other transparent connecting plate with deformation ability.

[0085] In some embodiments, the inclination angle between the first slideway 3 and the ground is greater than the inclination angle between the second slideway 4 and the ground. This setting can more closely simulate the actual landslide occurrence conditions.

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, a winding mechanism 16 is fixedly provided on the upper end of the first support frame 1, and the winding mechanism 16 is fixedly connected to the material box 6 through an anchor rope 66. The winding mechanism 16 can wind up or release the anchor rope 66 to adjust the position of the material box 6 on the first slide 3.

[0087] Specifically, the winding mechanism 16 can adopt an electric hoist device or a winding machine device. One end of the anchor rope 66 is fixedly connected to the end of the material box 6, and the other end is wound on the winding mechanism 16. Since the first slide 3 is inclined relative to the ground, when the winding mechanism 16 releases the anchor rope 66, the material box 6 will slide down due to the inclination angle of the first slide 3. When the winding mechanism 16 winds up the anchor rope 66, it will drive the material box 6 to move up along the first slide 3, thereby realizing the position adjustment of the material box 6 on the first slide 3.

[0088] Furthermore, in order to improve the smooth connection effect between the winding mechanism 16 and the material box 6 , a fixed pulley 31 is further provided on the crossbeam of the first support frame 1 , and the anchor rope 66 is fixedly connected to the material box 6 via the fixed pulley 31 .

[0089] In the above embodiment, the position of the material box 6 is adjustable on the first slideway 3, so that variable control of the length of the acceleration zone can be achieved.

[0090] like Figure 4a , Figure 4b and Figure 4c As shown in , in some embodiments, the material box 6 includes a box body 61, which has an opening, and two box doors 62 are pivotally arranged on the box body 61 for jointly blocking the opening, and the two box doors 62 are connected by a connecting member 64 to form a blocked state of the box body 61; an elastic member 63 is connected between each of the box doors 62 and the box body 61, and the elastic member 63 has a force to drive the box door 62 to rotate and open the box body 61.

[0091] In the above embodiment, a hook 65 for hooking with an anchor rope 66 is provided at the end of the box body 61, and the box body 61 and the box door 62 of the material box 6 are made of transparent organic glass, so as to facilitate the observation of the hierarchical relationship of the test slide in the material box 6. Exemplarily, the elastic member 63 is a spring, and the box door 62 is a left and right leaf. One end of the elastic member 63 is fixed on the side wall of the box body 61, and the other end is fixed on the box door 62. When the two box doors 62 are connected by the connecting member 64 to form a blocking state of the box body 61, the elastic member 63 is stretched in an elastic extension state. When the external force controls the connecting member 64 to disconnect the box door 62 to open the box body 61, the box door 62 is quickly rotated relative to the box body 61 to the fully open state of the box body 61 by the elastic force of the elastic member 63. The rapid movement of the box door 62 can minimize the influence of the box door 62 on the flow characteristics of the test slide when it is opened.

[0092] Furthermore, the connecting piece 64 can be an electromagnetic pin or a strong magnetic attraction piece, that is, when the two box doors 62 are docked, the sealed state is maintained by the plug-in cooperation of the electromagnetic pin, or the sealed state of the box body 61 is maintained by the magnetic attraction of the strong magnetic attraction piece, and the box door 62 can be quickly opened by switching the control state of the electromagnetic pin, or the box door 62 can be quickly opened by external force to overcome the magnetic force of the strong magnetic attraction piece and pry open the box door 62.

[0093] Here, it should be noted that, in some embodiments, an opening is also provided on the top of the material box 6, and the opening is sealed by a box cover 67 arranged on the top of the material box 6. When the box cover 67 is opened, the test slide can be placed in the material box 6 through the opening to facilitate the placement of the test slide and subsequent adjustment operations.

[0094] In some embodiments, the material selection of the test sliding body in the material box 6 can refer to the different landslide types, grading, volume and other factors designed for the test to configure the landslide material, and load it into the material box 6 in layers. In order to facilitate the observation of the movement state and distribution pattern of the particles of the test sliding body, the test sliding body material can be dyed according to the purpose of the test and then loaded into the material box 6 in layers.

[0095] like Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments, the first slide 3 includes a "U"-shaped first steel bracket groove 32, and organic glass plates are fixedly installed on the bottom and sides of the first steel bracket groove 32, so that the first slide 3 is a transparent groove structure as a whole. This setting can facilitate the observation of the movement characteristics of the test slide in the first slide 3. In addition, both ends of the first slide 3 are respectively provided with reserved holes for connecting with the first support plate 12 and the second support plate 22.

[0096] like Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments, the second slide 4 includes a "U"-shaped second steel bracket groove 41, and organic glass plates are fixedly installed on the bottom and side of the second steel bracket groove 41, so that the second slide 4 is a transparent groove structure as a whole. The two ends of the second slide 4 are also respectively provided with assembly holes for connecting the second support plate 22 and the buffer plate 55. In addition, the bottom of the groove of the second slide 4 is provided with a scraping material groove 42 for installing scraping materials, and a baffle 44 is provided in the scraping material groove 42, and the position of the baffle 44 in the scraping material groove 42 is adjustable. Here, the baffle 44 can be fixed to the bottom of the groove of the second slide 4 by plugging and clamping. By setting different numbers of baffles 44, different numbers of scraping material grooves 42 can be correspondingly separated and formed. By adjusting the position of the baffle 44 at the bottom of the groove of the second slide 4, the length and position of the scraping material groove 42 required for the test can be adjusted, thereby improving the flexibility of adjusting the length of the material in the scraping material groove 42.

[0097] For example, in actual use, after the position and length of the scraping material trough 42 are determined, the baffle 44 is fixed at the corresponding position of the scraping material trough 42, and the scraping material is normally installed in the scraping material trough 42 required for the test after separation, and the remaining empty trough parts that do not need to be installed with scraping materials can be covered with scraping trough covers 45 to allow the test slide to pass through the empty trough parts normally, and the force measuring piece is arranged at the bottom of the corresponding scraping material trough 42, and the scraping material is filled.

[0098] Here, when multiple baffles 44 are provided, the multiple scraping material troughs 42 formed by separation can be respectively filled with scraping material materials of different conditions, so as to simulate different scraping area conditions; at the same time, the provision of the scraping material troughs 42 increases the consideration of the influence of the base material of the circulation area in the sliding path on the movement and deposition characteristics of the test sliding body in the test, which facilitates the acquisition of the mechanical change characteristics of the scraping area and the material and energy exchange characteristics of the test sliding body with the slope base material during the movement.

[0099] like Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, both ends of the buffer plate 55 are also provided with assembly holes, the assembly holes of the buffer plate 55 are the same size as the assembly holes of the second slide 4, and the buffer plate 55 and the second slide 4 are rotatably connected by a bearing connector passing through the two.

[0100] In some embodiments, a buffer material slot 52 for accommodating buffer materials is provided at the bottom of the buffer plate 55, and a partition 51 is provided in the buffer material slot 52, and the position of the partition 51 in the buffer material slot 52 is adjustable. Here, the arrangement of the partition 51 in the buffer material slot 52 can refer to the arrangement of the baffle 44 in the scraping material slot 42.

[0101] Illustratively, during actual use, after the position and length of the buffer material slot 52 are determined, the partition 51 is fixed at the corresponding position of the buffer material slot 52, and the buffer material slot 52 required for the test separated by the partition 51 is normally installed with buffer materials, and the remaining empty slot parts that do not need to be installed with buffer materials can be covered with a buffer slot cover 56 to allow the test slide to pass through the empty slot parts normally, and the force measuring piece is arranged at the bottom of the corresponding buffer material slot 52, and the buffer material is filled.

[0102] Here, the position of the partition 51 is adjusted so that the longer the length of the buffer material slot 52 equipped with the buffer material is, the greater the resistance of the debris accumulation path is. In addition, the number of partitions 51 in the buffer plate 55 can also be adjusted to study the debris accumulation characteristics under different site conditions. Specifically, when multiple partitions 51 are provided, the multiple buffer material slots 52 formed by separation can be filled with buffer material materials of different conditions respectively, so as to simulate different accumulation area conditions.

[0103] Here, the buffer material in the buffer material tank 52 can be set with reference to the material of the scraped material, or can be flexibly set according to different site conditions, test conditions, etc. For example, the following Table 1 shows several different material selection scenarios for scraped materials and buffer materials. By setting different scraped materials and buffer materials, the influencing factors of the scraped area in the landslide scenario can be more accurately simulated.

[0104] Table 1

[0105]

[0106] When selecting buffer materials and scraping materials, the base materials of the buffer material trough 52 and the scraping material trough 42 should be configured according to the cohesion, internal friction angle, moisture content and other related factors in the above Table 1 of the test design, and the base materials should be laid according to the scraping area length or position, material particle size, paving thickness and paving density of the test conditions.

[0107] like Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, the accumulation assembly 5 also includes an accumulation baffle 53, which is fixedly connected to one end of the buffer plate 55 close to the second slide 4, and the second slide 4 is docked with the buffer plate 55 after passing through the accumulation baffle 53; the accumulation baffle 53 is inclined relative to the buffer plate 55, and the accumulation baffle 53 is provided with a blocking portion for preventing the test slide from flowing out of the buffer plate 55 in the opposite direction.

[0108] In the above embodiment, the end of the accumulation baffle 53 is connected and fixed with the right end of the second slide 4 and the left end of the buffer plate 55 by fasteners. The accumulation baffle 53 should be fixed relative to the buffer plate 55, and an obtuse angle is formed between the accumulation baffle 53 and the buffer plate 55. A notch is provided in the middle of the accumulation baffle 53 for avoiding the passage through the second slide 4. The blocking portion is the part at both ends of the notch of the accumulation baffle 53, that is, the front of the accumulation baffle 53 is in a "concave" shape; when the test slide body flows down the second slide 4, the blocking portion of the accumulation baffle 53 blocks the test slide body from flowing out of the buffer plate 55 in the reverse direction.

[0109] In the above embodiment, the parking assembly 5 also includes a parking plate 54, which is detachably arranged on the right end of the buffer plate 55, and the inclination angle of the parking plate 54 relative to the buffer plate 55 is adjustable, and the distance between the parking plate 54 and the second slideway 4 on the buffer plate 55 is adjustable; the parking plate 54 is fixedly provided with an impact force measuring component on the impact surface corresponding to the impact direction of the test slide.

[0110] In the above embodiment, for example, the accumulation plate 54 is arranged on the rightmost partition 51, and the accumulation plate 54 is fixedly connected to the buffer plate 55 end corresponding to the partition 51. Here, in order to prevent the accumulation plate 54 from being displaced by the impact of the test sliding body, the accumulation plate 54 and the partition 51 can be connected by a snap-fitting method. After the snap-fitting is released, the inclination angle of the accumulation plate 54 is readjusted, and then the accumulation plate 54 and the partition 51 are re-engaged to form a snap-fitting method (for example). Figure 7The accumulation plate 54 is shown as the dotted line in the middle. By setting the accumulation plate 54 on the partition 51 at different positions, the length and number of the buffer material slots 52 on the buffer plate 55 can be adjusted, that is, the closer the accumulation plate 54 is to the partition 51 where the accumulation baffle 53 is located, the shorter the length of the buffer material slot 52. Here, setting the accumulation plate 54 can simulate the accumulation process of the landslide body due to movement obstruction and accumulation into a dam, or simulate the blocking structure of the landslide body during the sliding process, thereby increasing the configuration parameter conditions of the test simulation data.

[0111] It should be noted that in the above description, when the accumulation baffle 53 and the accumulation board 54 are both inclined, the two enclose a valley to simulate the accumulation of landslides in the river valley into a dam. By adjusting the relative position of the accumulation board 54 on the buffer plate 55, the scene simulation of the accumulation of landslides into dams in different river valley widths is performed. When simulating the test scene of the landslide body sliding freely until it stops, the accumulation baffle 53 and the accumulation board 54 can be adjusted to be placed horizontally. At this time, the landslide body slides down the second slide 4 and freely enters the accumulation assembly 5.

[0112] It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the force measuring piece can adopt a multi-component force sensor 43 to detect the force data of the landslide body when it flows through the scraping material and the buffer material; the impact force measuring piece can adopt an impact force sensor 57 to detect the impact force of the landslide body impacting the stop plate 54.

[0113] In some embodiments, Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the test device is also provided with a measuring component. Specifically, a measuring component frame 7 is fixedly provided at the corresponding area positions of the support component, the first slide 3, the second slide 4 and the storage component 5. The measuring component frame 7 includes:

[0114] A first supporting beam 71 is arranged corresponding to the sliding direction of the first slideway 3, and a first measuring member 81 movable along its length direction is provided on the first supporting beam 71;

[0115] A second supporting beam 72 is arranged corresponding to the sliding direction of the second slideway 4, and a second measuring member 82 movable along the length direction thereof is provided on the second supporting beam 72;

[0116] A third supporting beam 73 is disposed above the joint position of the first slideway 3 and the second slideway 4, and a third measuring member 83 movable along the length direction thereof is disposed on the third supporting beam 73;

[0117] The fourth supporting beam 74 is disposed above the buffer plate 55 , and a fourth measuring member 84 movable along the length direction thereof is disposed on the fourth supporting beam 74 .

[0118] In the above embodiment, the measuring piece frame 7 is arranged roughly along the flow path of the landslide body, and includes a plurality of support rods for supporting and fixing. The first support beam 71 and the second support beam 72 are welded and fixed between two adjacent support rods, wherein the axis of the first support beam 71 roughly coincides with the axis of the first slide 3, and the axis of the second support beam 72 roughly coincides with the axis of the second slide 4, so that the first measuring piece 81 and the second measuring piece 82 can observe the flow characteristics of the internal landslide body through the transparent glass material.

[0119] In the above embodiment, the third supporting beam 73 and the fourth supporting beam 74 are vertically arranged relative to the first supporting beam 71 , and the third supporting beam 73 is parallel to the joint between the first slideway 3 and the second slideway 4 .

[0120] In addition, it should be noted that the movement mode of the first measuring member 81 on the first supporting beam 71 can be set with reference to the existing linear drive mode, for example, the first measuring member 81 is driven to move freely on the first supporting beam 71 by a ball screw mode or a linear motor drive mode. Similarly, the movement modes of other measuring members on the corresponding supporting beams can be set with reference to the movement mode of the first measuring member 81 on the first supporting beam 71 described above.

[0121] In some embodiments, a fifth supporting beam 75 is provided above the second slide 4, and a fifth measuring piece 85 movable along its length direction is provided on the fifth supporting beam 75. A sixth measuring piece 86 is also provided at the connecting position of the first supporting beam 71 and the second supporting beam 72, and a seventh measuring piece 87 is provided at the right end of the second supporting beam 72.

[0122] In the above embodiment, the first measuring piece 81 is used to record the data of the instability start-up process and the speed change of the landslide body; the third measuring piece 83 and the sixth measuring piece 86 are used to record the data of the movement state change of the landslide body passing through the turning and docking position of the first slide 3 and the second slide 4; since the second slide 4 is paved with scraping materials, the second measuring piece 82 and the fifth measuring piece 85 are used to record the movement scraping process and the movement state change data of the landslide body; since the buffer plate 55 is paved with buffer materials and a stop plate 54 is provided at the right end of the buffer plate 55, the fourth measuring piece 84 and the seventh measuring piece 87 are used to record the data of the impact stop process of the landslide body.

[0123] In the above embodiment, illustratively, the first measuring piece 81, the second measuring piece 82, the third measuring piece 83, the fourth measuring piece 84, the fifth measuring piece 85, the sixth measuring piece 86 and the seventh measuring piece 87 are all high-speed cameras. Of course, the measuring pieces can also use high-precision cameras 88 to record data.

[0124] In some embodiments, the measuring component further comprises:

[0125] A camera 88 is arranged facing the flow direction of the test slide, and the camera 88 is used to record the whole process of movement and accumulation of the test slide;

[0126] The three-dimensional laser scanner 89 is used to obtain the scraped material shape and buffer material shape before the test slide body scrapes the material through the second slideway, the scraped material shape and buffer material shape after the test slide body completes the scraping and accumulation, and the shape of the final accumulation body.

[0127] It should be noted that the measuring parts, camera 88, three-dimensional laser scanner 89, etc. used in the measuring assembly in this application are only used as examples for illustration, and the number, setting position and setting spacing of the above-mentioned measuring equipment can be flexibly adjusted according to the test purpose and test conditions.

[0128] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a test method, which is applicable to the adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device as described in any of the above embodiments, and the method comprises:

[0129] Step 100, adjusting the inclination angles of the first slideway 3 and the second slideway 4;

[0130] Step 200, configuring a test sliding material, loading the test sliding material into a material box 6, and fixing the material box 6 loaded with the test sliding material at a preset position of the first slideway 3;

[0131] Step 300, adjusting the baffle position of the scraping material trough and adjusting the partition position of the buffer material trough;

[0132] Step 400, configuring scraping materials and buffer materials, and loading the scraping materials and buffer materials into the scraping material tank and the buffer material tank respectively;

[0133] Step 500, a three-dimensional laser scanner scans and records the shape of scraped materials and the shape of buffer materials;

[0134] Step 600, open the material box 6 to release the test slide material, record the data of the force measuring piece during the movement and accumulation of the test slide, and use a three-dimensional laser scanner to scan and record the scraped material shape, buffer material shape and final accumulation shape after the test slide is accumulated stably.

[0135] The above test steps can be performed in combination with any embodiment of the aforementioned test device.

[0136] Exemplary, the steps of the test method are as follows:

[0137] The first step is to adjust the height of the first slide 3 on the first support frame 1 and the second support frame 2 according to the "slope" and "field" terrain conditions designed for the test, adjust the left end of the second slide 4 to be connected with the right end of the first slide 3, determine the number and position of the baffles 44 and the partitions 51, and assemble and fix the accumulation baffles 53 and the accumulation plates 54;

[0138] In the second step, according to the working conditions of the test design, various measuring parts, cameras 88 and three-dimensional laser scanners 89 are arranged at corresponding positions, and multi-component force sensors 43 are arranged in the corresponding storage material grooves of the second slide 4, multi-component force sensors 43 are arranged in the buffer material grooves 52 of the buffer plate 55, and fixed impact force sensors 57 are arranged on the storage plate 54;

[0139] The third step is to configure the landslide material according to the gradation and volume of the test design, dye the landslide material according to the test purpose, and load it into the material box 6 in layers, and fix the filled material box 6 at the required position of the test on the first slide 3;

[0140] The fourth step is to configure the matrix material (scraping material) of the scraping area (that is, the area where the scraping material groove 42 is located) according to the scraping material material, moisture content and other related factors designed in the test. In order to facilitate the observation of the scraping process of the landslide body, the matrix material can be dyed according to the test purpose, and the corresponding matrix material can be laid according to the specific working conditions such as the scraping area position, paving thickness, and paving density of the test conditions. Referring to the above method, the buffer material groove 52 on the buffer plate 55 is also filled with the corresponding buffer material;

[0141] Step 5: Use a 3D laser scanner 89 to scan the scraping material trough 42 and the buffer plate 55 before the test. After the scanning, turn on the high-speed camera, the video camera 88, the multi-component force sensor 43 and the impact force sensor 57;

[0142] The sixth step is to open the box door 62 to release the landslide body in the material box 6. After the landslide body is accumulated and stabilized, the high-speed camera and the video camera 88 are turned off. Then, a three-dimensional laser scanner 89 is used to scan the surface morphology of the matrix material of the scraping material trough 42 and the buffer material trough 52 of the buffer plate 55, as well as the final three-dimensional morphology of the accumulation body located on the buffer plate 55 and the accumulation stop plate 54.

[0143] The seventh step is to perform data processing and analysis operations, specifically: use particle image velocimetry technology to calculate the movement velocity vector of the landslide body in the sliding stage, scraping stage and accumulation stage, the velocity distribution of the particle flow, the shear rate, etc., and analyze the movement characteristics and flow characteristics of the landslide body; obtain the scraping mode and dynamic scraping force changes under different conditions through high-speed photos, multi-component force sensors 43 and three-dimensional laser scanning data, and analyze the scraping effect and its mechanical mechanism; analyze the impact effect of the landslide body under different test conditions through high-speed photos and impact force sensor 57 data; obtain the accumulation range and morphological parameters of the accumulation body through three-dimensional laser scanning data, use digital image recognition technology to count the particle distribution on the surface of the accumulation body, and perform partition and layered sampling and screening on the accumulation body to obtain the particle distribution inside the accumulation body; combine the above data to analyze the response law of scraping effect and impact effect to the movement and accumulation characteristics of the landslide body.

[0144] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Within the scope of the present invention, the above embodiments or technical features in different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0145] The embodiments of the present invention are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device, characterized in that: include: The support assembly comprises two support frames arranged at intervals, each of the support frames being respectively provided with a support plate arranged in a vertical direction; A first slideway, two ends of which are respectively fixed to the two support plates, and the height position of either end of the first slideway on the corresponding support plate is adjustable, and a material box for releasing the test slide is provided on the first slideway; A second slide, one end of which is fixed on the support frame and connected to the first slide, a scraping material trough for installing scraping materials is provided at the bottom of the second slide, a baffle is provided in the scraping material trough, and the position of the baffle in the scraping material trough is adjustable; The storage assembly comprises a horizontally placed buffer plate, one end of which is butt-jointed with an end of the second slideway away from the first slideway, a buffer material trough for accommodating buffer materials is provided at the bottom of the buffer plate, a partition is provided in the buffer material trough, and the position of the partition in the buffer material trough is adjustable; Wherein, the scraping material trough and the buffer material trough are both provided with force measuring pieces for measuring the impact scraping force; The parking assembly also includes: An accumulation stop baffle is fixedly connected to one end of the buffer plate close to the second slideway, and the second slideway is butt-connected to the buffer plate after passing through the accumulation stop baffle; The accumulation baffle is arranged obliquely relative to the buffer plate, and a blocking portion is provided on the accumulation baffle for blocking the test sliding body from flowing out of the buffer plate in the reverse direction; The parking assembly also includes: A parking plate is detachably arranged on the buffer plate, wherein the inclination angle of the parking plate relative to the buffer plate is adjustable, and the distance between the parking plate and the second slideway on the buffer plate is adjustable; An impact force measuring component is fixedly arranged on the impact surface of the parking plate corresponding to the impact direction of the test sliding body.

2. The adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: A first supporting crossbeam is arranged corresponding to the sliding direction of the first slideway, and a first measuring member movable along the length direction thereof is provided on the first supporting crossbeam; A second supporting crossbeam is arranged corresponding to the sliding direction of the second slideway, and a second measuring member movable along the length direction thereof is provided on the second supporting crossbeam; a third supporting crossbeam, arranged above the joint position of the first slideway and the second slideway, and provided with a third measuring member movable along the length direction thereof; The fourth supporting cross beam is arranged above the buffer plate, and the fourth supporting cross beam is provided with a fourth measuring piece movable along the length direction thereof.

3. The adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: At least one of the first measuring device, the second measuring device, the third measuring device and the fourth measuring device is a high-speed camera.

4. The adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each of the support plates is provided with a plurality of reserved holes at intervals along its length direction, and a lifting piece is provided at the bottom of the support frame. After the first slideway or the second slideway is lifted by the lifting piece, a bearing connector is passed through the reserved hole to fix the first slideway or the second slideway to the corresponding support plate.

5. The adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A reeling mechanism is fixedly provided on the top of the support frame away from the second slide, and the reeling mechanism is fixedly connected to the material box through an anchor rope. The reeling mechanism can reel in or release the anchor rope to adjust the position of the material box on the first slide.

6. The adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The material box comprises a box body, the box body has an opening, the box body is pivotally provided with two box doors for jointly blocking the opening, and the two box doors are connected by a connecting piece to form a blocked state of the box body; An elastic member is connected between each of the box doors and the box body, and the elastic member has a force to drive the box door to rotate and open the box body.

7. The adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: A camera is arranged facing the moving direction of the test sliding body, and is used to record the moving and stopping process of the test sliding body; The three-dimensional laser scanner is used to obtain the shape of the scraped material and the buffer material before the test slide passes through the second slideway, and is also used to obtain the shape of the scraped material, the buffer material and the final accumulation body after the scraping and accumulation of the test slide is completed.

8. A test method, characterized in that: The adjustable landslide scraping and accumulation simulation test device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising: Adjusting the inclination angles of the first slideway and the second slideway; Install the accumulation baffles and accumulation boards to enclose the valley to simulate the landslide accumulation into a dam in the valley, and adjust the relative position of the accumulation board on the buffer board to simulate the scene of the landslide accumulation into a dam in different valley widths; Adjust the baffle position of the scraper trough and the baffle position of the buffer trough; Arrange a test slide, load the test slide into a material box, and fix the material box loaded with the test slide at a preset position of the first slide; Configure scraping materials and buffer materials, and load the scraping materials and buffer materials into the scraping material tank and buffer material tank respectively; The 3D laser scanner scans and records the shape of scraped materials and buffered materials; Open the material box to release the test slide, record the data of the force measuring piece during the movement and accumulation of the test slide, and use a 3D laser scanner to scan and record the scraped material shape, buffer material shape and final accumulation shape after the test slide is accumulated stably.

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