A sand body carrier layer oil and gas migration path prediction method and device

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and apparatus for predicting hydrocarbon migration paths in sandstone transport layers. The method includes: determining the hydrocarbon migration direction based on at least one set of ratio distribution data of nitrogen-containing compounds in two types of crude oil; predicting hydrocarbon migration channels based on the extent of the hydrocarbon supply area and a paleotectonic map of the hydrocarbon migration period in the sandstone transport layer; determining whether the hydrocarbon migration channel matches the hydrocarbon migration direction; if not, re-determining the extent of the hydrocarbon supply area and / or the paleotectonic map, and returning to the step of predicting the hydrocarbon migration channel based on the extent of the hydrocarbon supply area and the paleotectonic map of the hydrocarbon migration period in the sandstone transport layer; if yes, determining the hydrocarbon migration path based on the hydrocarbon migration direction and the current hydrocarbon migration channel. By repeatedly checking and modifying the hydrocarbon migration channel based on the hydrocarbon migration direction determined by the nitrogen-containing compound tracing method until the two match, a more accurate prediction of lateral hydrocarbon migration paths in sandstone transport layers is achieved, providing quantitative data support for risk assessment of lateral hydrocarbon migration in traps during oil and gas exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oil and gas exploration and development technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for predicting oil and gas migration paths in sand body transport layers. Background Technology

[0002] Oil and gas migration pathways are the link between source rocks and oil and gas reservoirs. The distribution of effective oil and gas migration pathways directly determines the location of oil and gas enrichment. Trap formation near or located on effective oil and gas migration pathways has a high probability of reservoir formation, while trap formation far from effective migration pathways has a high risk of reservoir formation. Therefore, the prediction of the distribution of effective oil and gas migration pathways has very important application value for the assessment of trap formation risk.

[0003] Conduit layers, faults, and unconformities are three important carriers of hydrocarbon migration. Among them, conduit layers are crucial for lateral hydrocarbon migration, controlling the planar range and accumulation location of hydrocarbons. Conduit layers are mainly classified into two types: sand body conduit layers and carbonate rock conduit layers. Sand body conduit layers make significant contributions to hydrocarbon migration in many basins, and there is considerable research on hydrocarbon migration within sand body conduit layers. Currently, research on hydrocarbon migration within sand body conduit layers mainly includes three categories:

[0004] 1) Laboratory-scale physical and numerical simulations: including microscale-based physical simulations (Tokunaga et al., 2000; Zeng Jianhui, et al., 2000; Zhang Faqiang, et al., 2003; Jiang Zhenxue, et al., 2005) and small-scale microscale numerical simulations (Hindle, 1997; Bekele et al.). 1) Basin simulation (Hao et al., 1999) or basin simulation (Hao et al., 2007), which focuses on characterizing small-scale hydrocarbon migration phenomena and mechanisms; 2) Static hydrocarbon migration path characterization: Based on physical experimental simulation phenomena, methods such as "range advantage", "separation advantage", "pressure advantage", "flow direction advantage" and "fault plane advantage" are proposed to characterize static hydrocarbon migration paths, which focus on characterizing possible underground hydrocarbon migration paths and do not represent the actual hydrocarbon migration paths; 3) Geochemical tracer parameter analysis of hydrocarbon migration direction: Based on the principle of geological color layers and experimental analysis technology, the direction of hydrocarbon migration is analyzed by analyzing the changes in the content and relative content of crude oil components, nitrogen-containing compound series, oxygen-containing compound series and sulfur-containing compound series (Wang Tieguan, et al., 2005; Li Sumei, et al., 2000; Larter, et al., 1995; Liu Luofu, et al., 2006), but the specific hydrocarbon migration path cannot be determined. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The inventors discovered that while the three existing methods each have their advantages, they also have certain drawbacks. Physical experimental simulation and numerical simulation belong to the scope of laboratory theoretical research, with the advantage of studying the mechanism of oil and gas migration, but it is difficult to combine them with the oil and gas migration of actual geological units. The basin simulation method has the advantage of showing the oil and gas accumulation system more intuitively, but its research requires the provision of a variety of geological parameters, and the accuracy of the assignment of these parameters and the accurate description of their spatial distribution characteristics are difficult, making it difficult to use. The introduction of new concepts and methods such as flow direction advantage and fault plane advantage has effectively combined the theoretical understanding of laboratory simulation with actual geological conditions. The parameters used are all obtainable through conventional geological analysis. The advantage is that it can characterize the distribution of all possible migration channels in a region, but the disadvantage is that it cannot determine the effective oil and gas migration path. Geochemical tracer compound parameters are a new method proposed in recent years based on the progress of geochemical analysis technology. Its advantage is that it can determine the direction of oil and gas migration relatively accurately, but this depends on the number of sample points and the accuracy of analysis and testing. The disadvantage is that it is limited by the number and distribution of sample points, making it difficult to characterize the oil and gas migration path over a larger area. In order to at least partially solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the inventors made this invention, which provides a method and device for predicting oil and gas migration paths in sand body transport layers through specific embodiments, thereby improving the accuracy of depicting the distribution of oil and gas migration paths in sand body transport layers.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for predicting the migration path of oil and gas in sand body transport layers, comprising: determining the migration direction of oil and gas based on at least one set of ratio distribution data of nitrogen-containing compounds in two crude oils;

[0007] Based on the extent of the hydrocarbon supply area and the paleotectonic map of the oil and gas migration period of the sand body conduit, predict the oil and gas migration channels;

[0008] Determine whether the oil and gas migration channel matches the oil and gas migration direction;

[0009] If not, redetermine the hydrocarbon supply area and / or paleotectonic map, and return to the step of predicting the hydrocarbon migration channel based on the hydrocarbon supply area and the paleotectonic map of the sand body transport layer during the hydrocarbon migration period.

[0010] If so, the oil and gas migration path is determined based on the described oil and gas migration direction and the current oil and gas migration channel.

[0011] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a device for predicting the oil and gas migration path of a sand body conduit, including...

[0012] Oil and gas migration direction prediction module, oil and gas migration channel prediction module, judgment module, influencing parameter determination module, and oil and gas migration path prediction module;

[0013] The oil and gas migration direction prediction module is used to determine the oil and gas migration direction based on at least one set of ratio distribution data of nitrogen compounds in two crude oils.

[0014] The oil and gas migration channel prediction module is used to predict oil and gas migration channels based on the range of the hydrocarbon supply area and the paleotectonic map of the oil and gas migration period of the sand body transport layer.

[0015] The judgment module is used to determine whether the oil and gas migration channel is consistent with the oil and gas migration direction;

[0016] If the judgment module determines no, the influence parameter determination module is used to re-determine the hydrocarbon supply area and / or paleotectonic map, and the oil and gas migration channel prediction module is used to re-predict the oil and gas migration channel.

[0017] If the judgment module determines that it is yes, the oil and gas migration path prediction module is used to determine the oil and gas migration path based on the oil and gas migration direction and the current oil and gas migration channel.

[0018] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide a computer program product with oil and gas migration path prediction function, including a computer program / instruction, wherein the computer program / instruction, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method for predicting oil and gas migration paths in sand body transport layers.

[0019] Fourthly, this disclosure provides a server, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the above-mentioned method for predicting the oil and gas migration path of sand body transport layers.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0021] The method for predicting hydrocarbon migration paths in sandstone transport layers provided in this invention uses the hydrocarbon migration direction determined by a reliable nitrogen-containing compound tracing method as a basis. It verifies the rationality of the hydrocarbon migration channels predicted through numerical simulation. If the two are inconsistent, the method repeatedly checks and modifies the hydrocarbon supply area range and / or the paleotectonic map of the hydrocarbon migration period on the top surface of the sandstone transport layer, and re-determines the hydrocarbon migration channels until the predicted hydrocarbon migration channels are consistent with the hydrocarbon migration direction. The final hydrocarbon migration path is then output. By comprehensively utilizing the advantages of numerical simulation, geological analysis, and nitrogen-containing compound tracing methods in predicting hydrocarbon paths, this method achieves more accurate predictions of lateral hydrocarbon migration paths in sandstone transport layers. It can provide quantitative data support for the risk assessment of lateral hydrocarbon migration in traps during oil and gas exploration, improving the accuracy of trap risk assessment and the success rate of trap drilling.

[0022] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings.

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for predicting the oil and gas migration path in the sand body transport layer in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the specific implementation of the method for predicting the oil and gas migration path in the sand body transport layer in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a comparison of oil sources based on the mass spectrum characteristics of M / Z 191 and M / Z 217 in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the simulated oil and gas migration channel and oil and gas accumulation zone during the main migration period of the M1_ss layer in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a distribution map of oil and gas migration directions based on nitrogen-containing compound tracer parameters in Embodiment 3 of the invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a distribution map of the predicted oil and gas migration paths in the M1_ss layer in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sand body transport layer oil and gas migration path prediction device in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0033] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0034] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0035] To address the problem of difficulty in reasonably predicting the distribution of oil and gas migration paths in sand body transport layers in existing technologies, this invention provides a method and apparatus for predicting oil and gas migration paths in sand body transport layers, thereby improving the accuracy of characterizing the distribution of oil and gas migration paths in sand body transport layers.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for predicting the oil and gas migration path in sand body transport layers, the process of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0038] Step S11: Determine the direction of oil and gas migration based on at least one set of ratio distribution data of nitrogen compounds in two types of crude oil.

[0039] Specifically, the distribution data can be a planar distribution map.

[0040] The ratio of nitrogen compounds in the two types of crude oil is represented by a distribution map of nitrogen compound ratios between shielded and exposed crude oil, or between semi-shielded and exposed crude oil. It may include either or both, depending on the data that can be collected in the study area.

[0041] Furthermore, the ratio of nitrogen-containing compounds in the two crude oils can be at least one of the following ratios in the crude oil:

[0042] The ratio of 1,8-dimethylcarbazole to 2,7-dimethylcarbazole, the ratio of 1,8-dimethylcarbazole to 2,5-dimethylcarbazole, and the ratio of 1,5-dimethylcarbazole to 2,7-dimethylcarbazole.

[0043] Furthermore, the ratio of nitrogen compounds in crude oil refers to the ratio of nitrogen compounds measured in the same crude oil sample.

[0044] The direction of oil and gas migration determined by nitrogen-containing compound tracing methods is highly reliable.

[0045] Step S12: Based on the hydrocarbon supply area and the paleotectonic map of the oil and gas migration period of the sand body conduit, predict the oil and gas migration channel.

[0046] The difference between the top surface of the sand body's transport layer and the top surface of the strata developed during the hydrocarbon migration period can be approximated as the paleotectonic map of the sand body's transport layer during the hydrocarbon migration period.

[0047] The initial paleotectonic map of the sand body's conduit for hydrocarbon migration is determined in advance through the following steps:

[0048] Based on the well-seismic calibration results, the time-depth relationship between the time domain and depth domain of the study area was established. According to the time-depth relationship, the time domain structural maps of the top surface of the sand body transport layer and the top surface of the strata developed during the hydrocarbon migration period were converted into depth domain structural maps. The difference between the depth domain structural map of the top surface of the sand body transport layer and the depth domain structural map of the top surface of the strata developed during the hydrocarbon migration period was determined as the paleotectonic map of the sand body transport layer during the hydrocarbon migration period.

[0049] The initial hydrocarbon supply area can be determined in advance through the following steps:

[0050] The area with a depth greater than the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold depth in the paleotectonic map of the sand body's transport layer during the hydrocarbon migration period is defined as the hydrocarbon supply area.

[0051] Furthermore, the aforementioned oil and gas migration period and the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold depth can be predetermined in any of the following ways:

[0052] If the number of data points in the geochemical sample data point set meets the set requirement, the hydrocarbon expulsion model of the source rock layer is established by using the hydrocarbon generation potential method based on the geochemical sample data point set. The hydrocarbon generation period and hydrocarbon generation threshold depth are determined based on the hydrocarbon expulsion model. The hydrocarbon generation threshold depth is used as the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold depth, and the hydrocarbon generation period is used as the hydrocarbon expulsion period.

[0053] If the number of data points in the geochemical sample data point set does not meet the set quantity requirement, the hydrocarbon generation period and hydrocarbon generation threshold depth are determined based on the analysis results of the basin's thermal evolution history and the maturity of crude oil in the source rock strata or the temperature of fluid inclusions in the sand body's transport layer. The hydrocarbon generation threshold depth is used as the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold depth, and the hydrocarbon generation period is used as the hydrocarbon expulsion period.

[0054] Step S13: Determine whether the oil and gas migration channel is consistent with the oil and gas migration direction.

[0055] If step S13 is incorrect, proceed to step S14; if step S13 is correct, proceed to step S15.

[0056] Step S14: Redetermine the extent of the hydrocarbon supply area and / or paleotectonic map.

[0057] Through the process of determining the initial paleotectonic map in step S12, the re-determination of the paleotectonic map can be achieved by adjusting the time-depth relationship and performing a time-depth conversion to obtain the paleotectonic map again.

[0058] Further adjustments to the time-depth relationship can be made by adjusting the well-seismic calibration results; if the well-seismic calibration results are found to be correct, virtual wells (containing virtual well coordinates, depth, and corresponding time information) can be added through geological analysis. Adding virtual wells can further optimize the current time-depth relationship.

[0059] The determination of the initial hydrocarbon supply area in step S12 can be achieved by further modifying the paleotectonic map; or by modifying the hydrocarbon supply area based on geochemical analysis results, data from drilled wells, and other information.

[0060] After step S14, return to step S12.

[0061] Step S15: Determine the oil and gas migration path based on the direction of oil and gas migration and the current oil and gas migration channel.

[0062] The method for predicting hydrocarbon migration paths in sandstone transport layers provided in Embodiment 1 of this invention uses the hydrocarbon migration direction determined by a reliable nitrogen-containing compound tracing method as a basis. It verifies the rationality of the hydrocarbon migration channels predicted through numerical simulation. If the two are inconsistent, the method repeatedly checks and modifies the hydrocarbon supply area range and / or the paleotectonic map of the hydrocarbon migration period on the top surface of the sandstone transport layer, until the predicted hydrocarbon migration channel is consistent with the hydrocarbon migration direction, and then outputs the final hydrocarbon migration path. By comprehensively utilizing the advantages of numerical simulation, geological analysis, and nitrogen-containing compound tracing methods in predicting hydrocarbon paths, this method achieves more accurate prediction of lateral hydrocarbon migration paths in sandstone transport layers. It can provide quantitative data support for the risk assessment of lateral hydrocarbon migration in traps during oil and gas exploration, improving the accuracy of trap risk assessment and the success rate of trap drilling.

[0063] Example 2

[0064] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a specific implementation flow of a method for predicting the oil and gas migration path in sand body conduits, as follows: Figure 2 As shown. Specifically, the prediction process for hydrocarbon migration paths in sand body conduits can include the following steps:

[0065] (1) Identify the main source rock layer.

[0066] ① Adopting previous understanding: By reviewing research literature and drawing on previous research results, the main source rock layer of the target layer in the study area was determined to be the S layer;

[0067] ② Independent Analysis: Crude oil samples were taken from the study area, and samples from potential source rock strata within the basin where the study area is located were also taken. Analytical methods such as gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS were used to compare the numerical similarity of characteristic compound parameters and the distribution characteristics of some typical compounds between the crude oil samples and the source rock samples. These included, but were not limited to: the carbon number of the main peak of n-alkanes and the distribution characteristics of n-alkanes; the numerical distribution range of isoprene components; the distribution characteristics of tricyclic terpenoids on the m / z 191 mass spectrum; and the distribution characteristics of regular steranes and rearranged steranes on the m / z 217 mass spectrum. Finally, the main source rock stratum was determined to be layer S. (See also...) Figure 3 As shown.

[0068] (2) Semi-quantitative analysis of oil and gas migration direction using geochemical data.

[0069] ① Collect data on nitrogen-containing compounds in crude oil from the study area;

[0070] ② Collect crude oil samples from the study area and conduct geochemical analysis of nitrogen-containing compounds in the crude oil;

[0071] ③ Select 2 to 5 special compound ratios of “shielded / exposed” or “semi-shielded / exposed” types, such as 1,8-dimethylcarbazole / 2,7-dimethylcarbazole, 1,8-dimethylcarbazole / 2,5-dimethylcarbazole, 1,5-dimethylcarbazole / 2,7-dimethylcarbazole, etc., plot their planar numerical variation trends, and comprehensively determine the direction of oil and gas migration based on the principle that the variation patterns of most parameters are consistent.

[0072] (3) Determine the main migration period of oil and gas.

[0073] ① Adopting previous understanding: By reviewing research literature and drawing on previous research results, the main hydrocarbon generation period of the S layer of the source rock in the study area was determined to be T1;

[0074] ② Independent analysis of the main migration period: Conduct source rock maturity index (Ro) analysis and basin thermal evolution history simulation to determine the depth and time corresponding to when the maturity (Ro) enters the oil generation threshold, and then determine the hydrocarbon generation period of the source rock, which is approximately the main migration period of crude oil T1; or use the hydrocarbon generation potential method to directly determine the hydrocarbon expulsion depth and main expulsion period of the source rock layer S; or take fluid inclusion samples and measure the temperature of the transport layer to determine the temperature range with the most fluid inclusion samples, and combine with the basin thermal evolution history analysis to determine the time T1 when crude oil passes through the transport layer, which is the main migration period of oil and gas.

[0075] (4) Compile paleotectonic maps of the oil and gas migration period on the top surface of the sand body's transport layer.

[0076] ① Regional geological background survey and analysis, combined with regional well profiles, to analyze the regional sand body transport layer in the study area, named the Ai layer (i is a natural number);

[0077] ② Detailed well-seismic calibration to clearly define the top surface S of the transport layer Ai of the transport sand body. Ai The top surface S of stratum B, which developed during the main hydrocarbon migration period. B Earthquake co-directional axis response characteristics;

[0078] ③ Conduct detailed seismic interpretation and draw the top surface S of the transport layer of the transported sand body. Ai and the top surface S of stratum B B Time-domain construction diagram;

[0079] ④ Based on the well-seismic calibration results, the time-depth relationship in the time and depth domains of the study area is established, expressed by the formula D=f(t), where D represents the depth domain value and t represents the time domain value;

[0080] ⑤ Drawing level S Ai and level S B The depth domain is constructed into a graph;

[0081] ⑥ Obtain the structural map S of bedding plane Ai before the deposition of stratum B. Ai’ This is approximately a paleotectonic diagram of the hydrocarbon migration period at the top of the sand body's conduit layer, where S... Ai’ =S Ai -S B .

[0082] (5) Determine the hydrocarbon supply area.

[0083] The hydrocarbon expulsion model of the main hydrocarbon source rock layer S was established using the hydrocarbon generation potential method, and then the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold depth (H) was determined. 排 On the paleotectonic map of the transport layer migration period, delineate the depth range greater than the oil-generating threshold (K). 排 When localized sample data points are insufficient to accurately establish a hydrocarbon expulsion model, the relationship between the maturity Ro of the main source rock layer S and its depth can be fitted to determine the depth value (H) at which the source rock layer S enters the oil generation threshold. 生 On the paleotectonic map of the transport layer migration period, delineate the area greater than the oil-generating threshold depth (K). 生 This range is used to approximate the hydrocarbon emission range (K). 排 ).

[0084] (6) Numerical simulation of the oil and gas migration channels in the sand body layer.

[0085] Hydrocarbon emission range (K) 排 (or approximately using the hydrocarbon generation range (K)) 生 The hydrocarbon supply range is defined by replacing the previous one, and migration channel simulation is carried out based on the paleotectonic map of the top surface of the transport layer to clarify the oil and gas migration channel.

[0086] (7): Determine whether the oil and gas migration channel is consistent with the oil and gas migration direction.

[0087] If yes, proceed to step (8); otherwise, return to step (3).

[0088] (8) Determine the oil and gas migration path based on the direction of oil and gas migration and the current oil and gas migration channel.

[0089] Embodiment 2 of this invention proposes a method for predicting hydrocarbon migration channels in sandstone transport layers by integrating numerical simulation, geological analysis, and nitrogen-containing compound tracer analysis. Specifically, it determines the effective source rock strata and their distribution through source rock evaluation; determines the main hydrocarbon migration and accumulation time through fluid inclusions and thermal evolution history simulation; predicts the distribution of hydrocarbon migration paths in the transport layer during the main migration period through numerical simulation; and semi-quantitatively analyzes the direction of hydrocarbon migration through geochemical analysis. Finally, it comprehensively analyzes the static transport path distribution and geochemical analysis to predict the effective migration path distribution. This method can be used for trap accumulation risk assessment, improving the accuracy of resource evaluation and target selection.

[0090] This method organically combines source rock evaluation, hydrocarbon accumulation period analysis, static transport path distribution simulation and prediction, and quantitative analysis of nitrogen-containing compounds to determine hydrocarbon migration directions. Leveraging the advantages of numerical analysis, geological analysis, and nitrogen-containing compound tracing methods in predicting hydrocarbon pathways, it achieves more accurate predictions of lateral hydrocarbon migration paths in sandstone transport layers. This provides quantitative data support for assessing the lateral hydrocarbon migration risks within traps during oil and gas exploration, improving the accuracy of trap risk assessment and the success rate of trap drilling, thereby significantly reducing the cost of discovering a single barrel of crude oil.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] This invention provides a specific application of a method for predicting oil and gas migration paths in sandstone transport layers. It predicts oil and gas migration paths within the transverse transport layer of the Cretaceous M1ss section sandstone in Block X of the Ecuadorian slope zone. The method of this invention has achieved ideal results, providing a new solution for fine oil and gas exploration.

[0093] The X block in South America is generally a southwest-dipping monocline with multiple faults.

[0094] 1) Literature review clearly shows that the oil and gas discovered in the sandstone reservoir of the M1_ss section of the slope zone comes from the marl of the Cretaceous Napo Formation in the basin, and the hydrocarbon generation threshold depth is Hs = 2400m;

[0095] 2) Literature review clearly indicates that the main migration period of the Cretaceous Napo Formation marl was during the Oligocene and Miocene;

[0096] 3) A paleotectonic map of the M1_ss segment of the conduction layer after the deposition of the Oligocene O strata was compiled using 3D fine seismic interpretation;

[0097] 4) Numerical simulations were performed on the paleotectonic pathways of the top surface of the M1_ss segment after the deposition of the O layer. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 As shown;

[0098] 5) Analytical data on nitrogen compounds in crude oil from the study area were compiled, and planar distribution maps of 1,8-dimethylcarbazole / 2,6-dimethylcarbazole and 1,5-dimethylcarbazole / 2,7-dimethylcarbazole were plotted. Based on the combined numerical variation patterns of the two parameters, the direction of oil and gas migration was indicated. (See [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 5 As shown;

[0099] 6) Combining the analysis results of steps 4) and 5), the final distribution of oil and gas migration paths within the M1_ss sand body transport layer of block X is determined as follows: Figure 6 As shown, the favorable areas for oil and gas accumulation within the region are indicated.

[0100] Based on the inventive concept of this invention, embodiments of this invention also provide a device for predicting the oil and gas migration path of sand body transport layers, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, it includes an oil and gas migration direction prediction module 71, an oil and gas migration channel prediction module 72, a judgment module 73, an influence parameter determination module 74, and an oil and gas migration path prediction module 75;

[0101] The gas migration direction prediction module 71 is used to determine the oil and gas migration direction based on at least one set of ratio distribution data of nitrogen compounds in two crude oils.

[0102] The oil and gas migration channel prediction module 72 is used to predict oil and gas migration channels based on the range of the hydrocarbon supply area and the paleotectonic map of the oil and gas migration period of the sand body transport layer.

[0103] The judgment module 73 is used to determine whether the oil and gas migration channel is consistent with the oil and gas migration direction;

[0104] If the judgment module 73 determines no, the influence parameter determination module 74 is used to redetermine the hydrocarbon supply area range and / or paleotectonic map, and the oil and gas migration channel prediction module 72 is used to redetermine the oil and gas migration channel.

[0105] If the judgment module 73 determines that it is true, the oil and gas migration path prediction module 75 is used to determine the oil and gas migration path based on the oil and gas migration direction and the current oil and gas migration channel.

[0106] Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0107] Based on the inventive concept of this invention, this embodiment of the invention also provides a computer program product with oil and gas migration path prediction function, including a computer program / instruction, wherein the computer program / instruction, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method for predicting oil and gas migration paths in sand body transport layers.

[0108] Unless otherwise specifically stated, terms such as processing, calculation, operation, determination, display, etc., may refer to the actions and / or processes of one or more processing or computing systems or similar devices that represent the manipulation and conversion of data representing physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the registers or memory of the processing system into other data similarly representing physical quantities within the memory, registers, or other such information storage, transmission, or display devices of the processing system. Information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0109] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process may be rearranged without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The appended method claims provide elements of various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to limit the scope to the specific order or hierarchy described.

[0110] In the detailed description above, various features are combined together in a single embodiment to simplify this disclosure. This approach to disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are explicitly stated in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is presented with fewer features than all of the features in a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby explicitly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim representing a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0111] Those skilled in the art will also understand that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability between hardware and software, the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described above are generally described in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functionality in alternative ways for each specific application; however, such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0112] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be directly embodied in hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. The software modules can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is connected to the processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0113] For software implementation, the techniques described in this application can be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in this application. This software code can be stored in memory units and executed by a processor. The memory units can be implemented within the processor or outside the processor; in the latter case, they are communicatively coupled to the processor via various means, as is well known in the art.

[0114] The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is certainly impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods in order to describe the above embodiments, but those skilled in the art will recognize that further combinations and arrangements of the various embodiments are possible. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the term "comprising" as used in the specification or claims is interpreted in a manner similar to the term "including," as interpreted when used as a conjunction in the claims. Additionally, the use of any term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or."

Claims

1. A method for predicting an oil and gas migration path of a sand body fairway, characterized by, include: The direction of oil and gas migration is determined based on at least one set of ratio distribution data of nitrogen-containing compounds in two crude oils; Based on the hydrocarbon supply area and the paleotectonic map of the sand body transport layer during the hydrocarbon migration period, the hydrocarbon migration channel is predicted. The paleotectonic map of the sand body transport layer during the hydrocarbon migration period is the difference between the top surface of the sand body transport layer and the top surface of the strata developed during the hydrocarbon migration period. The initial paleotectonic map of the sand body transport layer during the hydrocarbon migration period is determined in advance through the following steps: Based on the well-seismic calibration results, the time-depth relationship between the time domain and depth domain of the study area is established; according to the time-depth relationship, the time domain structural map of the top surface of the sand body transport layer and the top surface of the strata developed during the hydrocarbon migration period are converted into depth domain structural maps respectively; the difference between the depth domain structural map of the top surface of the sand body transport layer and the depth domain structural map of the top surface of the strata developed during the hydrocarbon migration period is determined as the paleotectonic map of the sand body transport layer during the hydrocarbon migration period. Determine whether the oil and gas migration channel matches the oil and gas migration direction; If not, redetermine the hydrocarbon supply area and / or paleotectonic map, and return to the step of predicting the hydrocarbon migration channel based on the hydrocarbon supply area and the paleotectonic map of the sand body transport layer during the hydrocarbon migration period. If so, determine the oil and gas migration path based on the described oil and gas migration direction and the current oil and gas migration channel; The paleotectonic map of the top surface of the sand body's transport layer during the hydrocarbon migration period is redefined. Specifically, this includes: adjusting the time-depth relationship and returning to the previous step of converting the time-domain tectonic map of the top surface of the sand body's transport layer and the top surface of the strata developed during the hydrocarbon migration period into a depth-domain tectonic map based on the time-depth relationship.

2. The method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one set of ratio distribution data for nitrogen-containing compounds in two crude oils includes at least one of the following: Distribution of nitrogen compound ratios in shielded and exposed crude oils; distribution of nitrogen compound ratios in semi-shielded and exposed crude oils.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, The at least one set of ratio distribution data for nitrogen-containing compounds in two crude oils includes at least one of the following: Distribution charts of the ratios of 1,8-dimethylcarbazole to 2,7-dimethylcarbazole in crude oil, the ratios of 1,8-dimethylcarbazole to 2,5-dimethylcarbazole, and the ratios of 1,5-dimethylcarbazole to 2,7-dimethylcarbazole.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The initial hydrocarbon supply area is determined in advance through the following steps: The area with a depth greater than the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold depth in the paleotectonic map of the sand body's transport layer during the hydrocarbon migration period is defined as the hydrocarbon supply area.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The oil and gas migration period and the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold depth are predetermined by any of the following methods: If the number of data points in the geochemical sample data point set meets the set requirement, the hydrocarbon expulsion pattern of the source rock layer is established using the hydrocarbon generation potential method based on the geochemical sample data point set. The hydrocarbon generation period and hydrocarbon generation threshold depth are determined based on the hydrocarbon expulsion pattern. The hydrocarbon generation threshold depth is used as the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold depth, and the hydrocarbon generation period is used as the hydrocarbon expulsion period. If the number of data points in the geochemical sample data point set does not meet the set quantity requirement, the hydrocarbon generation period and hydrocarbon generation threshold depth are determined based on the analysis results of the basin's thermal evolution history and the maturity of crude oil in the source rock strata or the temperature of fluid inclusions in the sand body's transport layer. The hydrocarbon generation threshold depth is used as the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold depth, and the hydrocarbon generation period is used as the hydrocarbon expulsion period.

6. A device for predicting an oil and gas migration path of a sand body fairway layer, characterized by, The device is used to execute the method for predicting the oil and gas migration path of the sand body transport layer as described in claim 1. The device includes an oil and gas migration direction prediction module, an oil and gas migration channel prediction module, a judgment module, an influence parameter determination module, and an oil and gas migration path prediction module. The oil and gas migration direction prediction module is used to determine the oil and gas migration direction based on at least one set of ratio distribution data of nitrogen compounds in two crude oils. The oil and gas migration channel prediction module is used to predict oil and gas migration channels based on the range of the hydrocarbon supply area and the paleotectonic map of the oil and gas migration period of the sand body transport layer. The judgment module is used to determine whether the oil and gas migration channel is consistent with the oil and gas migration direction; If the judgment module determines no, the influence parameter determination module is used to re-determine the hydrocarbon supply area and / or paleotectonic map, and the oil and gas migration channel prediction module is used to re-predict the oil and gas migration channel. If the judgment module determines that it is yes, the oil and gas migration path prediction module is used to determine the oil and gas migration path based on the oil and gas migration direction and the current oil and gas migration channel.

7. A computer program product with oil and gas migration path prediction function, comprising a computer program / instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program / instruction is executed by the processor, it implements the method for predicting the oil and gas migration path of the sand body transport layer as described in any one of claims 1 to 5.

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