A rivet disassembling tool and a disassembling method

Abstract

This invention provides a rivet disassembly fixture and method, belonging to the field of riveting and fastening technology. It includes a fixture body, a first connecting body, and a driving component. The fixture body has a positioning rod, the lower end of which abuts against the top of the rivet head. The first connecting body is rotatably sleeved on the positioning rod, and a planer gun is mounted on the first connecting body. The driving component is located on the fixture body, and its driving end is connected to the first connecting body, driving the first connecting body to rotate, thereby causing the planer gun to rotate around the positioning rod and cut the rivet head. This rivet disassembly fixture provides a way to prevent direct contact between the operator and the planer gun during operation, thus avoiding the problem of fatigue and hand tremors that can easily lead to damage and ruin of critical components when manually cutting rivets with a planer gun.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of riveting and fastening technology, and more specifically, it relates to a tooling and method for disassembling rivets. Background Technology

[0002] During railway freight car maintenance, it is necessary to disassemble the riveted rivets and reuse the raw materials such as the center plate and coupler. In order to reduce costs, these key components need to be reused. When disassembling rivets, it is usually done manually by hand with a planer gun to remove the rivet head. During the disassembly operation, in order to ensure that the key components are not cut, the operators must maintain a high state of tension for a long time. The labor intensity is high. Once the operator is fatigued, the hand will shake slightly, which will cause the key components to be cut. In severe cases, the key components will be scrapped. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tooling for disassembling rivets, which aims to solve the problem that manual hand-held cutting of rivets is prone to fatigue and hand tremors, resulting in the damage and scrapping of key components.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: to provide a rivet disassembly fixture, comprising:

[0005] The tooling body is provided with a positioning rod, the lower end of which abuts against the top of the rivet head;

[0006] A first connector is rotatably mounted on the positioning rod, and a planing gun is provided on the first connector.

[0007] A driving component is disposed on the tooling body. The driving end of the driving component is connected to the first connecting body and is used to drive the first connecting body to rotate, so as to drive the planing gun to rotate around the positioning rod and cut the rivet head.

[0008] In one possible implementation, a mounting bracket is fitted onto the positioning rod, the mounting bracket being located above the first connecting body, and the driving component includes a motor mounted on the mounting bracket, the driving end of the motor being connected to the first connecting body in a transmission manner.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the drive end of the motor is provided with a gear, and the first connecting body is provided with transmission teeth, the gear meshing with the transmission teeth.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the first connecting body is provided with a clamping component, the cutting gun is clamped on the clamping component, and the clamping component is slidably connected to the first connecting body to adjust the distance between the cutting gun and the positioning rod.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the clamping component includes a slide rod and a connecting sleeve. The slide rod is slidably connected to the first connecting body, and the connecting sleeve is connected to the end of the slide rod away from the positioning rod. The cutting gun is inserted into the connecting sleeve, and the connecting sleeve is rotatably connected to the slide rod for adjusting the angle between the cutting gun and the positioning rod.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the end of the slide bar is provided with a second connecting block, the second connecting block is provided with a second connecting hole that extends laterally, the connecting sleeve is provided with a connecting rod, the connecting rod is provided through the second connecting hole and is rotatably connected to the second connecting hole, and a locking nut is threaded onto the connecting rod. The locking nut is located on the side of the second connecting block away from the connecting sleeve. Rotating the locking nut causes the connecting sleeve to abut against the second connecting block, thereby limiting the rotation angle of the connecting sleeve.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the lower end of the positioning rod is provided with a first magnet, which is used to abut against and adhere to the top of the rivet cap.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the lower end of the first magnet is recessed inward to form an arc surface, which is used to abut against the rivet head.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the positioning rod has a first hole extending longitudinally through its middle section. The first magnet slides through the first hole. The first magnet includes a helical spring and an impact core passing through the helical spring. The helical spring is electrically connected to an external power source via a wire. The lower sidewall of the first hole has multiple longitudinal grooves spaced circumferentially. The first hole has a neck in its middle section. The lower end of the impact core abuts against a rivet cap. A slider is provided on the impact core corresponding to the longitudinal grooves. The helical spring is disposed between the neck and the slider. The upper end of the impact core passes through the neck and extends above the positioning rod.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the rivet disassembly fixture provided by this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, in use, the rivet disassembly fixture of this invention has a planing gun mounted on a first connecting body, a positioning rod abutting against the rivet head, and the positioning rod supporting the first connecting body and the planing gun. Then, a driving component drives the planing gun to rotate around the positioning rod to cut the rivet head, completing the planing operation. The rivet disassembly fixture provided by this invention prevents direct contact between the operator and the planing gun during operation, thus avoiding the problem of fatigue and hand tremors that can easily lead to damage and scrapping of critical components when manually cutting rivets with a planing gun.

[0017] This invention also provides a method for disassembling rivets, which uses plasma planing to disassemble the rivets, including the following steps:

[0018] S1: Install the plasma gun onto the rivet disassembly fixture described above;

[0019] S2: Adjust the position of the plasma gun according to the diameter of the rivet to be cut, so that the cutting angle between the plasma gun and the positioning rod is between 70° and 80°, and the cutting diameter of the plasma gun is smaller than the diameter of the substrate mounting hole.

[0020] S3: Set process parameters: cutting current 70A-100A, cutting speed 150mm-200mm per minute;

[0021] S4: Position the positioning rod perpendicular to the rivet head at 90°, start the drive unit, and drive the plasma gun to rotate around the positioning rod to plan the rivet head, so that the middle part of the rivet head separates from the edge of the rivet head, and the planing of the rivet head is completed.

[0022] S5: Tap the center of the rivet head to remove the rivet from the mounting hole in the base.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the rivet disassembly method provided by this invention are as follows: Compared with the prior art, the rivet disassembly method of this invention introduces plasma planing for disassembly. During the disassembly process, by adjusting the plasma planing current and plasma planing speed, a certain planing depth is ensured. By determining the optimal position, optimal planing angle, and planing width of the plasma planing, circumferential rotational planing is performed to separate the middle part of the rivet head from the edge of the rivet head, thereby achieving rivet disassembly. After disassembly, the base material is not damaged, ensuring the secondary use of the base material, eliminating the need for rework, and greatly reducing maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rivet disassembly fixture provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rivet disassembly fixture provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 3 A top view of a rivet disassembly fixture provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 along Figure 3 Cross-sectional view of line AA in the middle;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the positioning rod in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0031] 100. Tooling body; 200. Base; 300. Rivet cap; 1. Positioning rod; 101. Handle; 11. Mounting bracket; 111. Circular plate; 112. Protective cover; 12. First hole body; 121. Longitudinal groove; 122. Neck; 2. First connecting body; 21. First sleeve body; 22. Second sleeve body; 221. Transmission gear; 23. First connecting block; 24. Slide rod; 241. Second connecting block; 25. Connecting sleeve; 251. Third sleeve body; 252. Connecting rod; 253. Locking nut; 3. Motor; 31. Gear; 4. Planing gun; 5. Impact iron core; 501. Slider; 51. Traction rod; 6. Helical spring; 7. Wire. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0033] Please see Figures 1 to 4 The present invention will now describe a rivet disassembly fixture. The rivet disassembly fixture includes a fixture body 100, a first connecting body 2, and a driving component. A positioning rod 1 is provided on the fixture body 100, with its lower end abutting against the top of the rivet head 300. The first connecting body 2 is rotatably sleeved on the positioning rod 1, and a cutting gun 4 is provided on the first connecting body 2. The driving component is located on the fixture body 100, and its driving end is connected to the first connecting body 2, driving the first connecting body 2 to rotate, thereby causing the cutting gun 4 to rotate around the positioning rod 1 and cut the rivet head 300.

[0034] This invention provides a rivet disassembly fixture. Compared with existing technologies, in use, a planer gun 4 is mounted on a first connecting body 2, and a positioning rod 1 abuts against the rivet head 300. The positioning rod 1 provides support for the first connecting body 2 and the planer gun 4. Then, a driving component drives the planer gun 4 to rotate around the positioning rod 1 to cut the rivet head 300, completing the planing operation. This rivet disassembly fixture avoids direct contact between the operator and the planer gun 4 during operation, thus preventing fatigue and hand tremors that can easily lead to damage and scrapping of critical components when manually holding the planer gun 4 to cut rivets.

[0035] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 1 to 4 The upper end of the positioning rod 1 is provided with a handle 101, and the middle part of the positioning rod 1 is fitted with a mounting bracket 11. The mounting bracket 11 is located above the first connecting body 2. The mounting bracket 11 includes a circular plate 111 fitted on the positioning rod 1. A protective cover 112 is fitted around the circumference of the circular plate 111 and extends towards the first connecting body 2. In this embodiment, the driving mechanism is a motor 3. The motor 3 is located on the upper end surface of the circular plate 111. The output shaft of the motor 3 extends downward through the circular plate 111 to the lower end of the circular plate 111. The first connecting body 2 is provided with a gear 31. The first connecting body 2 includes a first sleeve 21 and a second sleeve 22 that are connected at the bottom and coaxially arranged. The first sleeve 21 is fitted onto the positioning rod 1, and a ball bearing is provided between the first sleeve 21 and the positioning rod 1. The upper end of the second sleeve 22 extends into the interior of the protective cover 112. The inner sidewall of the upper end of the second sleeve 22 is provided with a transmission tooth 221. The gear 31 is positioned inside the second sleeve 22 by means of the output shaft of the motor 3 and meshes with the transmission tooth 221. Through the above arrangement, the motor 3 can drive the first connecting body 2 to rotate around the positioning rod 1.

[0036] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 4A first connecting block 23 is provided on the outer wall of the first housing 21. A first connecting hole is formed in the first connecting block 23, and the axis of the first connecting hole is perpendicular to the axis of the positioning rod 1. A clamping component slides through the first connecting hole. The cutting gun 4 is mounted on the clamping component. Specifically, the clamping component includes a sliding rod 24 and a connecting sleeve 25 connected to each other. The sliding rod 24 slides through the first connecting hole. A second connecting block 241 is provided at the end of the sliding rod 24 away from the positioning rod 1. The second connecting block 241 has a second connecting hole that extends horizontally through it. The axis of the second connecting hole is perpendicular to the axis of the first connecting hole and the axis of the positioning rod 1. The axis is perpendicular. The connecting sleeve 25 includes a third sleeve body 251 and a connecting rod 252 connected to the third sleeve body 251. The connecting rod 252 passes through the second connecting hole and is rotatably connected to the second connecting hole. The planer gun 4 is fitted inside the third sleeve body 251. In this embodiment, the end of the connecting rod 252 away from the third sleeve body 251 is provided with a thread. A locking nut 253 is threadedly connected to the connecting rod 252. The locking nut 253 is located on the side of the second connecting block 241 away from the third sleeve body 251. Rotating the locking nut 253 can cause the third sleeve body 251 to abut against the second connecting block 241, which can restrict the rotation of the connecting rod 252. In actual operation, the planer gun 4 is first installed in the third sleeve 251. By rotating the locking nut 253, the third sleeve 251 is loosened from the second connecting block 241. With the help of the connecting rod 252, the third sleeve can be rotated in the vertical plane to adjust the cutting angle between the planer gun 4 and the positioning rod 1. After the cutting angle is determined, the locking nut 253 is rotated again to lock the third sleeve 251 against the second connecting block 241. Then, the slide rod 24 is pushed to slide in the first connecting hole to adjust the distance between the planer gun 4 and the positioning rod 1, and the cutting diameter of the planer gun 4 is determined accordingly.

[0037] In some embodiments, a first magnet is provided at the lower end of the positioning rod 1. In use, the first magnet abuts against the rivet cap 300. By means of the magnetic attraction between the first magnet and the rivet, the positioning rod 1 is attracted to the rivet, which restricts the positioning rod 1 from sliding on the rivet cap 300 and prevents the positioning rod 1 from being misaligned with the rivet cap 300.

[0038] Optionally, the lower end of the first magnet is recessed inward to form an arc surface. In use, the arc surface abuts against the rivet head 300, which increases the contact area between the first magnet and the rivet head 300 and improves the adsorption force of the first magnet.

[0039] Optional, please refer to Figures 4 to 5The positioning rod 1 has a first hole 12 extending longitudinally through its middle section. A first magnet slides through the first hole 12. The first magnet includes a helical spring 6 and an impact core 5 inserted within the helical spring 6. The helical spring 6 is electrically connected to an external power source via a wire 7. The lower side wall of the first hole 12 has multiple longitudinal grooves 121 spaced circumferentially. The first hole 12 has a neck 122 in its middle section. The lower end of the impact core 5 abuts against a rivet cap 300. A slider 501 is provided on the impact core 5 corresponding to the longitudinal groove. The helical spring 6 is positioned between the neck 122 and the slider 501. The impact core 5... The upper end passes through the neck 122 and extends above the positioning rod 1. Optionally, the distance between the impact core 5 and the slider 501 is greater than the distance between the lower end of the positioning rod 1 and the longitudinal groove 121. With this setting, when the slider 501 abuts against the bottom of the longitudinal groove 121, the lower end of the impact core 5 can be located below the positioning rod 1. Optionally, the upper end of the impact core 5 is connected to a traction rod 51. The lower half of the traction rod 51 slides through the first hole 12 and fits against the first hole 12. The upper half of the traction rod 51 extends above the positioning rod 1 to facilitate the operator's grip. With the above setup, during use, the spiral spring 6 is powered through the wire 7. The spiral spring 6 then acts as a coil, causing the impact core 5 to become magnetic through electromagnetic induction, thus attracting the impact core 5 to the rivet head 300. The magnetic connection between the impact core 5 and the rivet head 300 restricts the relative movement between the positioning rod 1 and the rivet head 300, making it less likely for the positioning rod 1 to become misaligned during processing. After the rivet head 300 is cut, the power supply to the spiral spring 6 is stopped. The operator holds the traction rod 51 and pulls it upward, causing the impact core 5 to slide upward within the first hole 12 and compress the spiral spring 6. After the traction rod 51 is pulled to a certain height, it is released. Under the elastic force of the spiral spring 6, the impact core 5 strikes the rivet head 300 downward, causing the rivet to detach from the base 200.

[0040] In existing technologies, rivet disassembly typically employs manual oxy-acetylene torch cutting. During cutting, the large heated area of ​​the flame leads to overheating of the rivet head, which is then transferred to the connecting components. Oxy-acetylene torch cutting generally has a penetrating cutting characteristic. Due to the length of the rivet and the influence of the cutting angle, damage to critical components is inevitable. The difficulty in controlling the cutting line length and manual shaking during cutting exacerbate the damage around the rivet hole. This damage is severe around the holes of these critical rivet components. Furthermore, because the components are fused together with the rivet by heat, separation is extremely difficult, severely impacting disassembly efficiency and becoming a production bottleneck. All disassembled components require secondary repairs such as welding, grinding, and flaw detection, resulting in high repair costs. This also leads to multiple repairs of some critical components, ultimately rendering them unusable. To overcome these technical challenges, ensure that critical components are not damaged during rivet disassembly, achieve good cutting quality, and eliminate the need for secondary welding, grinding, and flaw detection after damage, this invention proposes a rivet disassembly method.

[0041] The present invention provides a rivet disassembly method, which includes disassembling the rivet using plasma planing, specifically including the following steps:

[0042] S1: Install the plasma gun onto the rivet disassembly fixture described above;

[0043] S2: Adjust the position of the plasma gun according to the diameter of the rivet to be cut, so that the cutting angle between the plasma gun and the positioning rod is between 70° and 80°, and the cutting diameter of the plasma gun is smaller than the diameter of the substrate mounting hole.

[0044] S3: Set process parameters: cutting current 70A-100A, cutting speed 150mm-200mm per minute;

[0045] S4: Position the positioning rod perpendicular to the rivet head at 90°, start the drive unit, and drive the plasma gun to rotate around the positioning rod to plan the rivet head, so that the middle part of the rivet head separates from the edge of the rivet head, and the planing of the rivet head is completed.

[0046] S5: Tap the center of the rivet head to remove the rivet from the mounting hole in the base.

[0047] Plasma planing can control the cutting depth by controlling the magnitude of the cutting current. Moreover, plasma planing can produce relatively narrow, smooth, neat, slag-free, and nearly vertical cuts with minimal deformation and heat-affected zone, thus preventing damage to the substrate where rivets are installed.

[0048] During the actual operation, the cutting diameter is adjusted according to the different rivet diameters to ensure that the rivet diameter after planing is smaller than the diameter of the mounting hole of the rivet in the base body. The cutting angle of the plasma gun is adjusted by rotating the third set to ensure that the included angle between the plasma gun and the positioning rod is about 70°, so as to facilitate planing on the rivet rod in the mounting hole. The distance between the plasma gun nozzle and the rivet is also kept 5mm-10mm to facilitate arc ignition during plasma planing. The planing current is then adjusted according to the thickness of the rivet with different diameters. Generally, when the thickness is 4mm-6mm, the planing current is adjusted to 80A, gradually increasing as the rivet thickness increases. Apply current and adjust the cutting speed to approximately 150-200 mm per minute. After planing, the planing depth should be about 0-0.5 mm below the substrate surface. During planing, attach the first magnet at the bottom of the positioning rod to the rivet to prevent misalignment and ensure cutting stability. Position the positioning rod perpendicular to the rivet at a 90° angle. Start the motor, and the plasma gun will maintain the planing angle as it rotates around the circumference of the rotating gear, separating the center of the rivet head from its edge. Due to the planing width, the diameter of the remaining central area of ​​the rivet head after planing is smaller than the diameter of the mounting hole on the substrate, ensuring the integrity of the substrate. After planing, take advantage of the rivet head's higher center than the substrate to facilitate hammering and remove the rivet.

[0049] This invention provides a method for disassembling rivets. Compared with existing technologies, this method introduces plasma planing for disassembly. During the disassembly process, the plasma planing current and speed are adjusted to ensure a certain planing depth. By determining the optimal position, angle, and width of the plasma planing, a circular rotational planing is performed to separate the center of the rivet head from the edge of the rivet head, thus achieving rivet disassembly. After disassembly, the base material is not damaged, ensuring the secondary use of the base material, eliminating the need for rework, and greatly reducing maintenance costs.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tooling for disassembling rivets, characterized in that, include: Tooling body (100), the tooling body (100) is provided with a positioning rod (1), the lower end of the positioning rod (1) is provided with a first magnet, the first magnet is used to abut and be attracted to the top of the rivet head (300); The first connecting body (2) is rotatably sleeved on the positioning rod (1), and the first connecting body (2) is provided with a planing gun (4); A driving component is provided on the tooling body (100). The driving end of the driving component is connected to the first connecting body (2) and is used to drive the first connecting body (2) to rotate so as to drive the cutting gun (4) to rotate around the positioning rod (1) and cut the rivet head (300). The positioning rod (1) has a first hole (12) that runs longitudinally through its middle part. The first magnet slides through the first hole (12). The first magnet includes a helical spring (6) and an impact core (5) that runs through the helical spring (6). The helical spring (6) is electrically connected to an external power source through a wire (7). The side wall at the lower end of the first hole (12) is provided with a plurality of longitudinal grooves (121) spaced apart circumferentially. The first hole (12) has a neck (122) in the middle part. The lower end of the impact core (5) abuts against a rivet cap (300). The impact core (5) has a slider (501) corresponding to the longitudinal groove (121). The helical spring (6) is located between the neck (122) and the slider (501). The upper end of the impact core (5) passes through the neck (122) and extends to the top of the positioning rod (1). In use, the helical spring (6) is powered, and the helical spring (6) is equivalent to a coil. Through electromagnetic induction, the impact core (5) is magnetized, causing the impact core (5) to be attracted to the rivet head (300). By means of the magnetic connection between the impact core (5) and the rivet head (300), the relative movement between the positioning rod (1) and the rivet head (300) is restricted. After the rivet head (300) is cut, the power supply to the helical spring (6) is stopped, and the upper end of the impact core (5) is pulled upward, so that the impact core (5) slides upward in the first hole (12) and compresses the helical spring (6). After the impact core (5) is pulled to a certain height, it is released. Under the action of the elastic force of the helical spring (6), the impact core (5) strikes the rivet head (300) downward, which can dislodge the rivet.

2. The rivet disassembly fixture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning rod (1) is fitted with a mounting bracket (11), which is located above the first connecting body (2). The driving component includes a motor (3), which is mounted on the mounting bracket (11). The driving end of the motor (3) is connected to the first connecting body (2) in a transmission manner.

3. The rivet disassembly fixture as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The motor (3) has a gear (31) at its drive end, and the first connecting body (2) has a transmission tooth (221) on its drive end. The gear (31) meshes with the transmission tooth (221).

4. The rivet disassembly fixture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first connecting body (2) is provided with a clamping component, and the cutting gun (4) is clamped on the clamping component. The clamping component is slidably connected to the first connecting body (2) and is used to adjust the distance between the cutting gun (4) and the positioning rod (1).

5. The rivet disassembly fixture as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The clamping component includes a slide rod (24) and a connecting sleeve (25). The slide rod (24) is slidably connected to the first connecting body (2). The connecting sleeve (25) is connected to the end of the slide rod (24) away from the positioning rod (1). The cutting gun (4) is inserted into the connecting sleeve (25). The connecting sleeve (25) is rotatably connected to the slide rod (24) to adjust the angle between the cutting gun (4) and the positioning rod (1).

6. The rivet disassembly fixture as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The end of the slide rod (24) is provided with a second connecting block (241), the second connecting block (241) is provided with a second connecting hole that extends laterally, the connecting sleeve (25) is provided with a connecting rod (252), the connecting rod (252) is provided through the second connecting hole and is rotatably connected to the second connecting hole, the connecting rod (252) is threaded with a locking nut (253), the locking nut (253) is located on the side of the second connecting block (241) away from the connecting sleeve (25), the locking nut (253) is rotated so that the connecting sleeve (25) abuts against the second connecting block (241) to limit the rotation angle of the connecting sleeve (25).

7. The rivet disassembly fixture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end of the first magnet is recessed inward to form an arc surface, which is used to abut against the rivet head (300).

8. A method for disassembling rivets, characterized in that, Disassembling rivets using plasma planing includes the following steps: S1: Install the plasma gun onto the rivet disassembly fixture as described in any one of claims 1-7; S2: Adjust the position of the plasma gun according to the diameter of the rivet to be cut, so that the cutting angle between the plasma gun and the positioning rod is between 70° and 80°, and the cutting diameter of the plasma gun is smaller than the diameter of the substrate mounting hole. S3: Set process parameters: cutting current 70A-100A, cutting speed 150mm-200mm per minute; S4: Position the positioning rod perpendicular to the rivet head at 90°, start the drive unit, and drive the plasma gun to rotate around the positioning rod to plan the rivet head, so that the middle part of the rivet head separates from the edge of the rivet head, and the planing of the rivet head is completed. S5: Tap the center of the rivet head to remove the rivet from the mounting hole in the base.

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