State estimation device and state estimation system for brake device of traction machine

Abstract

The present application relates to a state estimation device for a brake device of a hoisting machine, a state estimation system, a brake system for a hoisting machine, an elevator maintenance system, a storage medium, and a state estimation method. Embodiments of the present application relate to a state estimation device for a brake device of a hoisting machine. A state estimation device for a brake device of a hoisting machine is provided, which can grasp the performance reduction over time, the inspection timing, and the replacement timing of the brake device of a hoisting machine. According to the embodiments, a processor of the state estimation device for the brake device of a hoisting machine acquires waveform information of an elastic wave generated when a brake material contacts a metal plate using a sensor provided to the metal plate, and estimates at least one of the surface state of the brake material, the metal plate, and the contact state of the brake material and the metal plate based on a feature quantity of the waveform information.

Description

[0001] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2022-120751 (filed on July 28, 2022), and enjoys priority from that application. This application incorporates the entire contents of that application by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The embodiments of the present invention relate to a state estimation device, a state estimation system, a braking system for a traction machine of an elevator, an elevator maintenance system, a storage medium storing a state estimation program, and a state estimation method. Background Technology

[0003] A traction machine used in elevators is a device that uses a sheave fixed to a rotating shaft to wind up a rope until the passenger car reaches a designated floor. The braking device of the traction machine functions as a holding brake to fix the movement of the passenger car at the designated floor and a braking brake to stop the descending passenger car in an emergency. This braking device, for example, uses a non-excitation type electromagnetic brake, which is a structure that utilizes the force of a spring to generate torque (friction) during braking. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a state estimation device, a state estimation system, a traction machine braking system, an elevator maintenance system, a storage medium storing a state estimation program, and a state estimation method that can grasp the performance degradation, inspection period, and replacement period of a traction machine braking device used in elevators.

[0005] According to an embodiment, the state estimation device of the braking device of the traction machine includes a processor. The processor uses a sensor provided on a metal plate to acquire waveform information of an elastic wave generated when the braking material fixed to the brake plate connected to the rotating shaft of the traction machine comes into contact with the metal plate that holds the braking material and constrains the movement of the brake plate. Based on the characteristic quantities of the waveform information, the processor estimates at least one of the surface state of the braking material, the surface state of the metal plate, and the contact state between the braking material and the metal plate.

[0006] The above-described traction machine braking device is capable of determining the performance degradation, inspection period, and replacement period of the traction machine braking device used in elevators over time. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram that represents the general structure of the elevator.

[0008] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the elevator traction machine according to the first embodiment.

[0009] Figure 3 From Figure 2 The direction of observation is indicated by reference numeral III in the attached figure. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the braking device (disc brake) of the traction machine shown.

[0010] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 When the brake of the braking device shown is in the closed position, along Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along line AA in the diagram.

[0011] Figure 5 It is Figure 3 The brake of the braking device shown is configured to be in the open position, along... Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along line AA in the diagram.

[0012] Figure 6 It means along Figure 4 The diagram shows a cross-section of the braking device along line VI-VI and a side view of the bracket.

[0013] Figure 7 It means along Figure 4 The diagram shows a cross-section of the VI-VI line of the braking device and a side view of the armature.

[0014] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the decrease in holding and braking torque (brake performance) of a typical braking device over time.

[0015] Figure 9 It is a block diagram representing a general outline of the elevator maintenance system.

[0016] Figure 10 It is possible to be Figure 6 and Figure 7 The image shows an example of an elastic wave signal (waveform information) detected by a sensor.

[0017] Figure 11 This is an example of a flowchart used when performing state estimation processing for the braking device of a traction machine.

[0018] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing a portion of the braking device (drum brake) of the elevator traction machine according to the second embodiment.

[0019] Figure 13 It means from Figure 12 The diagram shows an example of the sensor mounting location as seen in the direction indicated by arrow XIII in the braking device.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0021] 10…Elevator, 12…Shaft, 12a…Top, 12b…Pit, 13…Guide rail, 14…Traction machine, 14a…Spinning shaft, 15…Frame, 16…Car, 18…Counterweight, 20…Rope, 22…Control device, 32…Sheave, 34…Brake, 42…Bracket, 42a…Opening, 43…Contact area, 44…Brake plate, 46…Armature, 46a…Opening, 47…Contact area, 48…Coil housing , 48a… opening, 48b… support, 50… fastening bolt, 52… force-applying body, 54… electromagnetic coil, 62, 64… pad (brake pad), 72a-72f, 74a-74f… sensor, 80… management system (state estimation system), 80a… management server (state estimation device), 82… processor, 84… storage unit, 86… memory, 88… notification unit, 92… braking system, 94… elevator maintenance system. Detailed Implementation

[0022] (First Embodiment)

[0023] use Figures 1 to 11 The elevator maintenance system 94 of the first embodiment will be described.

[0024] exist Figure 1 The diagram shows a schematic perspective view of the overall structure of the elevator (lift) 10.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the elevator 10 has a shaft 12, a traction machine 14, a passenger car 16, a counterweight 18, ropes 20, and a control device 22.

[0026] The passenger car 16 and the counterweight 18 are connected by a rope 20 wound on a pulley 32 of the traction machine 14 (described later). The traction machine 14 is positioned, for example, at the top 12a of the hoistway 12. The passenger car 16 moves up and down along a guide rail 13 provided within the hoistway 12 according to the traction / release of the rope 20 fixed via the pulley 32 of the traction machine 14.

[0027] The passenger car 16 moves between the top 12a above the hoistway 12 and the pit 12b below. It should be noted that the traction machine 14 can also be configured in the pit 12b.

[0028] The control device 22 controls, for example, the rotation of the rotating shaft 14a of the traction machine 14 (described later) and the opening and closing of the braking device (braking device for traction machine) 34.

[0029] exist Figure 2 The schematic structure of the traction machine 14 used in elevator 10 is shown.

[0030] The traction machine 14 is equipped with a motor (not shown) that rotates the rotating shaft 14a by means of an electric power supply. The rotating shaft 14a rotates in two directions. Furthermore, via... Figure 1 The control device 22 shown controls the driving and stopping of the motor's rotating shaft 14a. When the direction of movement in and out of the elevator car 16 of the traction machine 14 is taken as the longitudinal direction, the rotating shaft 14a of the motor protrudes from the end (left and right ends) in a horizontal direction that intersects the longitudinal direction relative to the frame 15 on the inner side, where the motor is housed. A sheave 32 for suspending the rope 20 is provided on one side of the rotating shaft 14a, and a braking device 34 is provided on the other side of the rotating shaft 14a.

[0031] A rope 20 is wound on the pulley 32 of the traction machine 14. Therefore, when the pulley 32 rotates together with the rotating shaft 14a by the rotation of the rotating shaft 14a, the passenger car 16 suspended by the rope 20 rises and falls within a predetermined range in the hoistway 12.

[0032] exist Figures 3-7 The structure of the braking device 34 is shown in the figure.

[0033] Figure 3 From Figure 2 Observe in the direction indicated by reference numeral III in the attached figure. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the braking device (disc brake) 34 of the traction machine 14 shown. Figure 4 It is Figure 3 When the brake of the braking device 34 shown is in the closed position, along Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along line AA in the diagram. Figure 5 It is Figure 3 The brake of the braking device 34 shown is configured in the open position, along... Figure 3 A cross-sectional view along line AA in the diagram.

[0034] Figure 6 The left image is along Figure 4 The sectional view of line VI-VI in the middle, Figure 6 The right figure shows that in Figure 4 The diagram shows the state of the sensors 72a to 72f mounted on the bracket 42. This is observed when viewed from the direction indicated by arrow VI. Figure 6 When the right image in the middle is displayed, it becomes Figure 6 The left image in the image.

[0035] Figure 7 The left image is along Figure 4 A sectional view of line VII-VII in the diagram. Figure 7 The right figure shows that in Figure 4 The diagram shows the state of the sensors 74a-74f mounted on the bracket 42. This is observed when viewed from the direction indicated by arrow VII. Figure 7 When the right image in the middle is displayed, it becomes Figure 7 The left image in the image.

[0036] The braking device 34 has a bracket 42, a disc-shaped brake plate 44, an armature 46, a coil housing 48, a fastening bolt 50, a force-applying body 52, and an electromagnetic coil 54.

[0037] The bracket 42 is formed, for example, in the shape of a rectangular plate or a disc. The bracket 42 is fixed to a frame 15 on which the motor of the traction machine 14 is disposed inside. The rotating shaft 14a protrudes from the opening 42a at the center of the bracket 42.

[0038] A brake plate 44 is disposed opposite to the bracket 42. The brake plate 44 is formed in the shape of a disc. The brake plate 44 is connected to the rotating shaft 14a of the traction machine 14 via a spline. Therefore, when the rotating shaft 14a rotates, the brake plate 44 rotates together in the same direction. In addition, the brake plate 44 is capable of moving along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 14a. The brake plate 44 is formed of a magnetic material, or a disc-shaped magnetic material is fixed on the brake plate 44.

[0039] An armature 46 is positioned opposite the bracket 42 on the side of the brake plate 44. The armature 46 is formed in the shape of a disc with an opening 46a through which the rotation shaft 14a passes. The armature 46 is formed of a magnetic material, or a magnetic material, such as a disc, is fixed to the armature 46.

[0040] A coil housing 48 is located on the side of the armature 46 opposite to the brake plate 44. The coil housing 48 is formed in the shape of a disc with an opening 48a through which the rotating shaft 14a passes.

[0041] Multiple fastening bolts 50 are parallel to the rotation shaft 14a, pass through the coil housing 48 and the armature 46, and are fixed to the bracket 42. Therefore, the multiple fastening bolts 50 restrict the movement of the armature 46 and the coil housing 48 in the direction of rotation.

[0042] It should be noted that, for example, there is an appropriate gap between the plurality of fastening bolts 50 and the armature 46. Therefore, the armature 46 is able to move within a predetermined range in the axial direction of the fastening bolts 50.

[0043] Furthermore, the multiple fastening bolts 50 are positioned further outward from the central axis of the rotation shaft 14a than the outer edge of the brake plate 44. Therefore, the multiple fastening bolts 50 do not restrict the rotation of the brake plate 44.

[0044] In the brake plate 44, a first brake pad (brake material) 62 is fixed on the bracket 42 side, and a second brake pad (brake material) 64 is fixed on the armature 46 side. Therefore, brake pads 62 and 64 are provided on both sides of the brake plate 44. The first pad 62 and the second pad 64 are preferably formed into annular shapes of the same material, the same shape, the same size, and the same thickness.

[0045] The coil housing 48 has a plurality of concave support portions 48b, each supporting one end of a plurality of force-applying bodies 52. Each support portion 48b is formed at equal intervals along the circumference of the coil housing 48, which is concentric with respect to the central axis of the rotation axis 14a. Each support portion 48b has a recessed hole with an opening on the armature 46 side. A force-applying body 52 is disposed on each support portion 48b. That is, between the armature 46 and the coil housing 48, the plurality of force-applying bodies 52 are equally spaced on a predetermined circumference. Therefore, the armature 46 is subjected to force towards the brake plate 44 by the plurality of force-applying bodies 52. For example, compression coil springs are preferably used as the plurality of force-applying bodies 52. Therefore, the bracket 42 and the first pad 62, and the armature 46 and the second pad 64, are generally in contact through the force-applying bodies 52.

[0046] A circular electromagnetic coil 54 is provided on the coil housing 48. The electromagnetic coil 54 is positioned, for example, further inward on the predetermined circumference of the support portion 48b where the force-applying body 52 is located. When the electromagnetic coil 54 is energized, the armature 46 and the brake plate 44 are electromagnetically attracted to the coil housing 48 side and stretched. Therefore, when the electromagnetic coil 54 is energized, the bracket 42 separates from the first pad 62. It should be noted that the brake plate 44 is restricted from moving towards the coil housing 48 side, for example, by a limiting member (not shown) provided between the inner side of the opening 46a of the armature 46 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotation shaft 14a. Therefore, when the electromagnetic coil 54 is energized, the bracket 42 separates from the first pad 62, and the armature 46 separates from the second pad 64.

[0047] When the power supply to the electromagnetic coil 54 is stopped, the armature 46 moves toward the brake plate 44 by the force exerted by the force body 52. ​​Therefore, the bracket 42 and the first pad 62 are pressed together, and the armature 46 and the second pad 64 are pressed together. The friction between the bracket 42 and the first pad 62 and the friction between the armature 46 and the second pad 64 brakes the rotation of the brake plate 44.

[0048] like Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of sensors 72a-72f are preferably provided on the bracket 42. In this embodiment, one sensor 72a-72f is provided between each of the fastening bolts 50. Each sensor 72a-72f is provided, for example, on the brake plate 44 side (first pad 62 side). Each sensor 72a-72f is provided away from the area 43 where the first brake pad 62 contacts the bracket 42. Figure 6The illustration shows an example where each sensor 72a-72f is located on the outer side of the area 43 in the bracket 42 that contacts the first brake pad 62. Preferably, each sensor 72a-72f is also located on the inner side of the area 43 in the bracket 42 that contacts the first brake pad 62. It should be noted that if each sensor 72a-72f is located on the outer side of the area 43 in the bracket 42 that contacts the first brake pad 62, it is easier to arrange the wiring of each sensor 72a-72f on the outer side of the bracket 42, and maintenance of each sensor 72a-72f is easier.

[0049] like Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of sensors 74a-74f are preferably provided on the armature 46. In this embodiment, one sensor 74a-74f is provided between each of the fastening bolts 50. Each sensor 74a-74f is provided, for example, on the brake plate 44 side (second pad 64 side). Each sensor 74a-74f is provided away from the area 47 where the second brake pad 64 contacts the armature 46. Figure 7 The illustration shows an example where each sensor 74a-74f is located on the outer side of the region 47 in the armature 46 that contacts the second brake pad 64. Preferably, each sensor 74a-74f is also located on the inner side of the region 47 in the armature 46 that contacts the second brake pad 64. It should be noted that if each sensor 74a-74f is located on the outer side of the region 47 in the armature 46 that contacts the second brake pad 64, it is easier to arrange the wiring of each sensor 74a-74f on the outer side of the armature 46, and maintenance of each sensor 74a-74f is easier.

[0050] Sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f are preferably arranged at equal intervals near the areas 43 and 47 of either or both of the bracket 42 and armature 46 that contact the brake pads 62 and 64.

[0051] In this embodiment, sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f are positioned at equal distances from the central axis of the rotation axis 14a, for example, every 60°. They are also positioned away from the fastening bolts 50, such as at the center between them. The number of sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f can be appropriately set. Figure 3 As shown, the group of sensors 72a and 74a, which are axially separated on the rotation shaft 14a, is preferably arranged in a position where they overlap in the axial direction. Similarly, the group of sensors 72b and 74b, the group of sensors 72c and 74c, the group of sensors 72d and 74d, the group of sensors 72e and 74e, and the group of sensors 72f and 74f are preferably arranged in a position where they overlap in the axial direction.

[0052] The number of sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f can be adjusted, for example, by the number of fastening bolts 50.

[0053] Sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f can, for example, use the AE sensor NANO30 manufactured by Physical Acoustics. In addition to using an AE sensor, sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f can also use vibration sensors that detect changes in vibration such as displacement, velocity, or acceleration of an object.

[0054] Each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f is controlled, for example, by control device 22.

[0055] The control device 22 is, for example, a computer, and includes a processor (processing circuitry) and a storage medium. The processor may be any one of a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), a microcomputer, a FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), or a DSP (Digital Signal Processor). The storage medium may include auxiliary storage devices in addition to main storage devices such as memory. Examples of storage media include HDDs (Hard Disk Drives), SSDs (Solid State Drives), magnetic disks, optical disks (CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, DVDs, etc.), optical discs (MOs, etc.), and non-volatile memories capable of being written to and read from at any time, such as semiconductor memories.

[0056] It can be seen that in the braking device 34, the braking torque is maintained as follows: Figure 8 The results show a tendency to change (decrease) over time. This is believed to be mainly due to the decrease in friction at the contact surfaces of the first brake pad 62 and the bracket 42, and the contact surfaces of the second pad 64 and the armature 46.

[0057] Typically, the holding / braking torque is below the reference value (safety line) several years after the installation of the traction machine 14 or the replacement of the brake device 34. It is preferable to maintain or replace the brake device 34 before the holding / braking torque falls below the reference value. Currently, during periodic inspections of the brake device 34, if the aforementioned performance falls below the reference value, measures to replace the brake device 34 are required.

[0058] The following are some examples of reduced friction between brake pad 62 and bracket 42, and between brake pad 64 and armature 46.

[0059] (1) The contact area is reduced due to uneven wear of brake pads 62, 64 or object parts (bracket 42 or armature 46).

[0060] (2) The changes in the physical properties of brake pads 62 and 64 reduce the actual contact rate of the contact area with the object.

[0061] (3) Foreign matter is mixed into the contact surface between the brake pads 62 and 64 and the object (bracket 42 or armature 46).

[0062] (4) The object (bracket 42 or armature 46) is rusted and the surface roughness increases.

[0063] exist Figure 9 The diagram shows a schematic representation of the elevator maintenance system 94. Figure 9 As shown, the state estimation system 80, which is the management system for the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 in this embodiment, includes: sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f installed on the braking device 34; a control device 22 that controls the sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f; and a management server 80a that communicates with the control device 22 via wired or wireless means and serves as the state estimation device for the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14. It should be noted that the control of the sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f can be performed by the control device 22 or, for example, remotely by the management server 80a.

[0064] The management server 80a is connected to multiple elevators 10 via communication networks such as the Internet and intranets 90.

[0065] The management server 80a acquires waveform information from sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f controlled by the control devices 22 of each elevator 10. Based on the characteristic quantities of the waveform information, it infers at least one of the surface states of the brake pads 62 and 64, the bracket 42, and the armature 46, as well as the contact state between the brake pad 62 and the bracket 42 and the contact state between the brake pad 64 and the armature 46.

[0066] The management server 80a has a processor 82, a storage unit (auxiliary storage device) 84 as a storage medium, a memory 86, and a notification unit 88.

[0067] Processor 82 may include any one of the following: CPU (Central Processing Unit), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), microcomputer, FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and DSP (Digital Signal Processor). Processor 82 serves as the controller for controlling the entire management server 80a.

[0068] Storage unit 84 may be a non-volatile memory such as an HDD, SSD, or flash memory. Storage unit 84 may also include volatile memory. Storage unit 84 may also use cloud storage, for example.

[0069] The memory 86 is, for example, composed of volatile semiconductor memory. The memory 86 is also used as the working memory of the processor 82.

[0070] Various programs are stored in the storage unit 84, for example. The processor 82 performs the function of following the program by writing the various programs stored in the storage unit 84 into the memory 86 and executing them.

[0071] Various programs do not necessarily need to be stored in the storage unit 84; the processor 82 can also execute various programs on the server via the network.

[0072] The storage unit 84 stores, for example, the state estimation program or algorithm of the braking device 34 in this embodiment, and the signal processing program corresponding to the settings of each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f. The state estimation program of the braking device 34 may also be stored in ROM.

[0073] The state estimation program for braking device 34 can be pre-installed on management server 80a, stored on non-volatile storage media, or distributed via a network. The state estimation program for braking device 34 can also reside outside of management server 80a, for example, on a suitable server. That is, regarding the execution of the state estimation program, the state estimation program can be executed either using a state estimation program from a server different from management server 80a, or the entire processing of the state estimation program can be performed internally within management server 80a.

[0074] The storage unit 84 serves as a database that stores waveform information acquired from each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f and the state estimation result that is compared with reference data and output.

[0075] In the management server 80a, there may be one processor 82 and multiple storage units 84. In the management server 80a, the processor 82 performs processing by executing programs stored in the storage unit 84, etc. Furthermore, the programs executed by the processor 82 of the management server 80a may be stored via a network such as the Internet on a computer (server) different from the management server 80a, or on a server in a cloud environment. In this case, the processor 82 downloads the program via the network. In the management server 80a, the processor 82, etc., performs computational processing that compares the waveform information acquired using each of the sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f with reference data, and stores the computational processing result along with the waveform information acquired using each of the sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f in the storage unit 84.

[0076] Furthermore, at least a portion of the processing performed by processor 82 can also be executed by a cloud server constituting a cloud environment. The infrastructure of the cloud environment consists of virtual processors such as virtual CPUs and cloud storage. In one example, the virtual processor performs the acquisition of waveform information from sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f, and various computational processing based on the waveform information acquired from sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f, while the cloud storage functions as a data storage unit.

[0077] The notification unit 88 can display, for example, a display screen, waveform information acquired by each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f of each elevator 10, and the comparison calculation results obtained based on the waveform information with reference data. It should be noted that the notification unit 88 can display sensor information from sensors 72a-72f, 74a-74f installed in the brake device 34 of the traction machine 14 of the elevator 10 that has experienced a problem, as well as information about the parts of the brake device 34 presumed to have experienced a problem. In addition to using a display screen, the notification unit 88 can also notify the building management company, the elevator 10 maintenance company, and / or the manufacturer of the elevator 10 (brake device 34) of various information via sound or light.

[0078] Assuming that, in the storage unit 84 of the management server 80a, a holding / braking torque exceeding [amount missing] is stored. Figure 8 The waveform information obtained from sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f at the reference value shown is also included. Additionally, the accumulated holding / braking torque is lower than... Figure 8 The waveform information obtained by sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f at the reference value is shown. Maintain braking torque below... Figure 8 The waveform information obtained by each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f at the reference value shown can be experimentally obtained by the elevator 10 manufacturer, for example, through fatigue testing.

[0079] Through the use of elevator 10, i.e., traction machine 14, over a certain number of years since the installation of traction machine 14 or the replacement of braking device 34, the characteristic quantities of the waveform information of elastic waves, compared with reference data, assume that the amplitude of the elastic waves decreases and the frequency increases. The processor 82 of management server 80a uses these characteristic quantities of waveform information to pre-set the assumed correspondence between the characteristic quantities of waveform information acquired by each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f and the holding / braking torque, and stores it in storage unit 84.

[0080] Therefore, the processor 82 of the management server 80a can output whether the braking device 34 exceeds the reference value of the holding / braking torque, or the margin of the holding / braking torque relative to the reference value, based on the waveform information acquired by each of the sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f. Thus, the processor 82 of the management server 80a infers at least one of the surface states of the braking pads 62 and 64, the bracket 42, the armature 46, the contact state between the brake pad 62 and the bracket 42, and the contact state between the brake pad 64 and the armature 46, based on the characteristic quantities of the waveform information. More specifically, the processor 82 of the management server 80a can infer the surface state of the braking pad 62, the surface state of the bracket 42, and the contact state between the brake pad 62 and the bracket 42 based on the characteristic quantities of the waveform information acquired by the sensors 72a-72f. In addition, the processor 82 of the management server 80a can infer the surface state of the braking pad 64, the surface state of the armature 46, and the contact state between the braking pad 64 and the armature 46 based on the feature quantities of the waveform information acquired by the sensors 74a-74f.

[0081] It should be noted that the braking device 34 and the management system (state estimation system) 80 of the traction machine 14 can form a braking system 92 for the traction machine 14.

[0082] In addition, the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 and the management system (state estimation system) 80 can form an elevator maintenance system 94 including the braking system 92 for the traction machine 14.

[0083] The following explains the state estimation process for the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 that uses the elevator maintenance system 94.

[0084] When the traction machine 14 raises or lowers the passenger car 16, it rotates the rotating shaft 14a, sending the rope 20 out of or winding it around the rope sheave 32. At this time, the braking device 34 applies current to the electromagnetic coil 54 built into the coil housing 48, causing the electromagnetic coil 54 to attract the armature 46 while rotating the rotating shaft 14a in the appropriate direction.

[0085] When the traction machine 14 stops the passenger car 16 at the desired floor, it cuts off the power supply to the rotation of the rotating shaft 14a and stops applying current to the electromagnetic coil 54 housed in the coil housing 48. The braking device 34 releases the armature 46 from the electromagnetic coil 54 while generating friction between the first brake pad 62 of the brake plate 44 and the bracket 42, and between the second brake pad 64 of the brake plate 44 and the armature 46. The braking device 34 then maintains the passenger car 16 at the predetermined position stopped at the desired floor.

[0086] Thus, the braking device 34 operates by attracting / releasing the armature 46 based on the presence or absence of an electromagnetic force generated when current is applied to the electromagnetic coil 54 housed in the coil housing 48. A force-applying body 52 is housed within the coil housing 48. When the electromagnetic attraction is zero, the restoring force of the force-applying body 52 acts on the armature 46, pressing the brake plate 44 against the bracket 42. The brake plate 44 is connected to the rotating shaft 14a of the traction machine 14 via a spline. Therefore, by constraining the brake plate 44, the rotating shaft 14a of the traction machine 14 is fixed.

[0087] When the passenger car 16, which is moving up and down in the vertical direction, is stopped, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first brake pad 62 contacts the contact area 43 of the bracket 42, and the second brake pad 64 contacts the contact area 47 of the armature 46. Sensors 72a-72f detect the sound (vibration) during the contact between the first brake pad 62 and the contact area 43 of the bracket 42. Similarly, sensors 74a-74f detect the sound (vibration) during the contact between the second brake pad 64 and the contact area 47 of the armature 46.

[0088] It should be noted that the detection triggers of sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f can be appropriately set. For example, the cessation of energizing the electromagnetic coil 54 can also be used as a trigger, and the management server 80a or control device 22 can obtain waveform information through sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f.

[0089] The management server (state estimation device for braking device 34 of traction machine 14) 80a acquires waveform information from each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f via the control device 22. For example, Figure 10The waveform information shown is acquired by individual sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f. The length (time) for acquiring waveform information from the triggered input signal in each sensor 72a-72f and 74a-74f can be appropriately set. The management server 80a acquires waveform information, for example, over a period of several milliseconds starting from the triggered input. In this case, when acquiring waveform information by each sensor 72a-72f and 74a-74f, it is possible, for example, to suppress reflected waves from the outer edge of the bracket 42 and the outer edge of the armature 46 from being detected as waveform information.

[0090] The management server 80a, for example, uses the waveform information obtained from each sensor 72a-72f and 74a-74f as a reference waveform, i.e., reference data at the time of installation of the traction machine 14 or replacement of the braking device 34, immediately after the traction machine 14 is installed. The management server 80a stores the reference data of each sensor 72a-72f and 74a-74f in the storage unit 84, etc.

[0091] Typically, the positional relationships between the bracket 42 and the brake plate 44 of the braking device 34, and between the brake plate 44 and the armature 46, differ depending on whether the passenger car 16 stops at the first designated floor specified by the first user or at the second designated floor specified by the second user. Therefore, the contact positional relationship (phase) between the bracket 42 and the brake plate 44, and between the brake plate 44 and the armature 46, may not be the same.

[0092] Therefore, the management server 80a acquires waveform information from each sensor 72a-72f and 74a-74f when the passenger car 16 is stopped at each floor, stores it in the storage unit 84, etc., and compares each waveform information with reference data. In this embodiment, since the braking device 34 has 12 sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f, the management server 80a stores reference data in the storage unit 84, etc., for the number of floors the passenger car 16 can stop at × 12.

[0093] It should be noted that the passenger car 16 may stop on the first designated floor, such as the 1st floor of the building, and then stop again on the first designated floor, such as the 2nd floor of the building. At this time, the contact position relationship (phase) between the bracket 42 and the brake plate 44 of the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 on the first designated floor (e.g., the 1st floor), and the contact position relationship (phase) between the brake plate 44 and the armature 46 are approximately constant.

[0094] Next, use Figure 11The flowchart shown illustrates the method for estimating the state of the braking device 34, i.e., the method for determining whether the braking device 34 needs to be inspected / replaced. Here, the management server 80a, for example, estimates whether the holding / braking torque exceeds a reference value, and also estimates the margin relative to the reference value. Furthermore, the management server 80a estimates any abnormal parts of the braking device 34 where possible.

[0095] Whenever the passenger car 16 stops at the appropriate floor desired by the user, the management server 80a acquires waveform information from each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f, and stores it in the storage unit 84 along with the acquisition time, thus accumulating waveform information (step ST1).

[0096] The management server 80a compares the waveform information acquired by each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f with the reference data of each layer of each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f.

[0097] Through the use of elevator 10, i.e., traction machine 14, over time, from the installation of traction machine 14 or the replacement of braking device 34, the state of the contact surfaces between the first pad 62 and bracket 42, and between the second pad 64 and armature 46, may change. It is assumed that due to such changes, the characteristic quantities of the waveform information (elastic wave) acquired by each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f change. These characteristic quantities may include, for example, amplitude changes, frequency changes, and arrival time delays (see reference). Figure 10 Furthermore, it is believed that the peak frequency and centroid frequency of the power spectrum obtained by frequency analysis (FFT analysis) of the waveform information (elastic wave signal) also change according to the state of the contact surface. The processor 82 of the management server 80a calculates such changes (amount of change) and outputs the possibility of reduced performance of the brake plate 44, bracket 42, and armature 46 (step ST2). For example, if at least one of the above-mentioned amplitude change, frequency change, arrival time delay, and changes in the peak frequency and centroid frequency of the power spectrum obtained by frequency analysis (FFT analysis) of the elastic wave signal exceeds a certain threshold, the processor 82 of the management server 80a may output the brake device 34 to the notification unit 88, for example, causing an anomaly.

[0098] In this way, the management server (state estimation device) 80a, using the characteristic quantities of the waveform information of the elastic wave, uses the amplitude and frequency of the elastic wave acquired by sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f, and based on the difference with the reference data acquired during the installation of the traction machine 14 or the replacement of the braking device 34, to estimate the contact state of the first pad 62 with the bracket (metal plate) 42 and the contact state of the second pad 64 with the armature (metal plate) 46. That is, the management server 80a estimates the changes in the surface state of the first pad 62 with the bracket (metal plate) 42 and / or the surface state of the second pad 64 with the armature (metal plate) 46 based on the characteristic quantities of the waveform information.

[0099] Furthermore, the management server 80a estimates the decreasing state of the holding / braking torque based on the relationship between the characteristic values ​​of the waveform information acquired by each sensor 72a-72f and 74a-74f and the characteristic values ​​of the waveform information stored in the storage unit 84, and estimates whether the current performance of the braking device 34 exceeds the reference value of the holding / braking torque. That is, the processor 82 of the management server 80a estimates the state of the braking device 34. This estimation result is stored in the storage unit 84, for example, along with the time.

[0100] When the processor 82 of the management server 80a determines that the current performance of the braking device 34 exceeds the reference value for maintaining the braking torque, it notifies the notification unit 88 of the redundancy. This redundancy is preferably of multiple levels.

[0101] With a high margin of safety and the current braking device 34 having a surplus relative to the reference value of holding and braking torque (step ST3-No), the elevator 10 can be used as usual. Therefore, the management server 80a goes into standby mode to obtain new waveforms (when the passenger car 16 stops at other positions) from the sensors 72a-72f, 74a-74f.

[0102] In this way, the management server 80a can obtain information related to the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 of the elevator 10 each time the passenger car 16 of the elevator 10 stops, and repeatedly estimate the state of the braking device 34.

[0103] If the processor 82 of the management server 80a determines that the current performance of the braking device 34 exceeds the reference value for holding and braking torque, and determines that the margin is low (step ST3-Yes), it notifies the notification unit 88 (step ST4). At this time, the notification from the processor 82 of the management server 80a to the notification unit 88 states that the performance of the braking device 34 is close to the reference value for holding and braking torque, and that the braking device 34 needs to be inspected or replaced. Therefore, the elevator 10 maintenance company can arrange, for example, to inspect or replace the braking device 34 in the near future.

[0104] Additionally, there may be a situation where the processor 82 of the management server 80a determines that the current performance of the braking device 34 is lower than the reference value for holding and braking torque (step ST3-Yes). In this case, the processor 82 of the management server 80a notifies the notification unit 88 (step ST4). The notification from the processor 82 of the management server 80a to the notification unit 88 at this time states that the performance of the braking device 34 is lower than the reference value for holding and braking torque, and the elevator 10 needs to be stopped immediately for inspection or replacement of the braking device 34.

[0105] If the processor 82 of the management server 80a determines that the current performance of the braking device 34 is lower than the reference value for holding and braking torque, the control device 22 can either maintain the state of stopping the passenger car 16 and end the processing of the management server 80a, or quickly stop the use of the elevator 10 after all the users currently riding in the passenger car 16 have disembarked and check the status of the braking device 34.

[0106] It should be noted that the notification destination of the notification unit 88 of the management server 80a may be, for example, the management company of the building where the elevator 10 is installed, the maintenance company of the elevator 10, and / or the manufacturer of the elevator 10 (braking device 34). In this case, the management company of the building where the elevator 10 is installed, the maintenance company of the elevator 10, or the manufacturer of the elevator 10 (braking device 34) may, for example, stop using the elevator 10, check the status of the braking device 34, and replace it if necessary.

[0107] For example, suppose the passenger car 16 is stopped at a predetermined position, for example, on the first floor. At this time, suppose the processor 82 of the management server 80a outputs a signal that is deemed abnormal relative to reference data, detected by a sensor 72a fixed to the bracket 42. If the characteristic quantity of the waveform information acquired by the sensor 72a remains unchanged even when it is again deemed abnormal on other floors, such as the second floor, the processor 82 of the management server 80a can determine that there is a problem with the bracket 42 since the positional relationship between the bracket 42 and the sensors 72a-72f is fixed (step ST3 - Yes). In this case, the processor 82 of the management server 80a displays to the notification unit 88 that a problem has occurred in the bracket 42 (step ST4). Therefore, the location of the problem with the braking device 34 can be notified to the notification unit 88, regardless of whether the holding / braking torque is close to the reference value. Thus, for example, the processor 82 of the management server 80a can not only estimate the location of the problem in the braking device 34 based on the waveform information of the passenger car 16 when it stops on the first floor, but also based on the waveform information of the passenger car 16 when it stops on multiple floors.

[0108] The processor 82 of the management server (state estimation device) 80a is able to determine, based on the waveform information acquired by each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f, and the continuity of the accumulated waveform information, whether the state of the brake pads (brake materials) 62 and 64 has changed, or whether the state of the bracket 42 and / or armature 46 in contact with the brake pads (brake materials) 62 and 64 has changed.

[0109] As described above, the reference data for the waveform information of each sensor 72a-72f and 74a-74f changes at each arrival layer. Therefore, if the characteristic values ​​of the waveform information of each sensor 72a-72f and 74a-74f change relative to the reference data, for example, at other arrival layers such as layer 2, it is unclear whether the problem lies on the brake plate 44 side or on the bracket 42.

[0110] It is known that the surfaces of the pads (friction elements) 62 and 64 of the brake plate 44 after fatigue testing simulating the ON / OFF operation of the brake device 34 are harder than those of new friction elements. Furthermore, it is assumed that the mechanical properties of the surfaces of the pads (friction elements) 62 and 64 of the brake plate 44 change due to temperature and humidity changes after the installation of the traction machine 14, and the history of emergency braking. In the state estimation device 80a for the brake device 34 of the traction machine 14 in this embodiment, by detecting these characteristic quantities according to the ON / OFF operation of the brake device 34, the state changes of the brake device 34 can be monitored at minute intervals.

[0111] In this embodiment, the management system 80 sends waveform information acquired by sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f of the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 in the brake-off position to the management server 80a via the control device 22 of the elevator 10. The management server 80a saves the waveform information received from sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f to a database and performs state estimation processing by comparing it with reference data. When a specific value calculated based on the difference between the reference data and the waveform information acquired by sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f exceeds or falls below a threshold, the management server 80a, for example, notifies the building management company or the maintenance company of the elevator 10 via the notification unit 88 that the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 is due for replacement.

[0112] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the state estimation program for the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 obtains waveform information from the management server 80a via the control device 22 when the sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f installed on the braking device 34 are in the brake-off position. The management server 80a saves the waveform information received from the control device 22 into a database and performs state estimation processing that compares it with reference data. When a specific value calculated based on the difference between the reference data and the waveform information obtained by the sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f exceeds or falls below a threshold, the management server 80a, for example, notifies the notification unit 88 that the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 is due for replacement.

[0113] It should be noted that the aforementioned management server 80a can, for example, use the server of the elevator 10 management company, which can obtain information related to the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 of the elevator 10 managed by the company each time the passenger car 16 of the elevator 10 stops, and repeatedly estimate the state of the braking device 34.

[0114] The management server 80a can obtain waveform information from each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f each time the passenger car 16 of the elevator 10 stops. Therefore, the management server 80a can accumulate waveform information continuously from the setting of the traction machine 14 or the replacement of the braking device 34, and can infer the state of the braking device 34 based on the waveform information obtained each time the passenger car 16 stops.

[0115] In this embodiment, an example is described where the processor 82 of the management server 80a is pre-set with a pre-defined correspondence between the characteristic quantities of the waveform information acquired by each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f and the holding / braking torque, and stored in the storage unit 84. For example, it is assumed that the management server 80a has artificial intelligence. In this case, the processor 82 of the management server 80a can also perform machine learning such as deep learning whenever waveform information is acquired from each sensor 72a-72f, 74a-74f via the control device 22, and appropriately set the correspondence between the characteristic quantities of the waveform information and the holding / braking torque. That is, when setting the correspondence between waveform information and holding / braking torque, the management server 80a can, for example, use a machine learning algorithm that utilizes artificial intelligence.

[0116] The management server 80a can, for example, verify the correspondence between the characteristic quantities of the waveform information and the holding / braking torque when the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 in each elevator 10 is replaced, and store this data in the management server 80a. In addition, the management server 80a can use this data to update the correspondence between the characteristic quantities of the waveform information and the holding / braking torque based on the output of machine learning.

[0117] In this embodiment, waveform information obtained by sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f when the passenger car 16 stops at each floor during the installation of the traction machine 14 or the replacement of the braking device 34 is used as reference data. Alternatively, one set of data may be set for acquisition within an appropriate period shortly after the installation of the traction machine 14 or the replacement of the braking device 34. Furthermore, multiple waveform information acquired at the same floor for each of the sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f may be used as reference data. In this case, multiple reference data can be used for each of the sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f.

[0118] In this embodiment, an example of arranging six sensors 72a-72f on the bracket 42 is described. It is preferable to have multiple sensors arranged on the bracket 42, but a single sensor is also acceptable. Additionally, an example of arranging six sensors 74a-74f on the armature 46 is described. It is preferable to have multiple sensors arranged on the armature 46, but a single sensor is also acceptable.

[0119] In this embodiment, starting from the installation of the traction machine 14 into the elevator 10 or the replacement of the braking device 34, multiple sensors 72a-72f are installed on the metal body, i.e., the bracket 42, which contacts the brake pad (friction element) 62 of the braking device 34, and multiple sensors 74a-74f are installed on the metal body, i.e., the armature 46, which contacts the brake pad 64. These sensors record the elastic waves generated by the solid contact between the brake pad 62 and the bracket 42, and the solid contact between the brake pad 64 and the armature 46, when the passenger car 16 reaches a predetermined floor and the brake operates. Then, the characteristic quantities of these elastic waves acquired and recorded by sensors 72a-72f and 74a-74f are compared with reference data from the installation of the traction machine 14 or the replacement of the braking device 34. Therefore, according to this embodiment, unstable braking action is not required; whenever the brake device 34, which is a stable action, is activated (ON / OFF), the state of the brake device 34 can be estimated and evaluated.

[0120] According to this embodiment, a state estimation device 80a, a state estimation system 80, a braking system 92 for the traction machine 14, an elevator maintenance system 94, a storage medium storing a state estimation program, and a state estimation method can be provided. This allows for the understanding of the time-related performance degradation, inspection period, and replacement period of the braking device 34 for the traction machine 14 of the elevator 10, so as to perform maintenance on the braking device 34, such as inspection and replacement, before the holding / braking torque of the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 of the elevator 10 falls below the reference value (safety line).

[0121] (Second Implementation)

[0122] The elevator maintenance system 94 of the second embodiment will be described. The configuration of the sensors in the elevator maintenance system 94 of the second embodiment differs from that in the elevator maintenance system 94 of the first embodiment.

[0123] use Figure 12 and Figure 13 The traction machine 14 of the elevator (lift) 10 according to the second embodiment will be described. In the first embodiment, an example of a disc brake for the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 was described. In this embodiment, the braking device 134 of the traction machine 14 is a drum brake.

[0124] Regarding this embodiment, descriptions of the same content as those described in the first embodiment are appropriately omitted.

[0125] The elevator maintenance system 94 of this embodiment can use the state estimation system 80 of the braking device 34 of the traction machine 14 described in the first embodiment.

[0126] Figure 12 This indicates that a part of the braking device (drum brake) 134 of the traction machine 14 for the elevator 10 in the second embodiment is from... Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the view in the direction indicated by reference numeral XIII in the attached figure. Figure 13 From Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the braking device 134 as seen in the direction indicated by arrow XIII.

[0127] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the braking device 134 includes: a drum 144 disposed on a rotating shaft 14a and rotating together with the rotating shaft 14a; and a pair of brake shoes 162, 164, which press against the outer peripheral surface of the drum 144 from the outside toward the central axis, for example. It should be noted that a brake pad 144a is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the drum 144.

[0128] It should be noted that brake shoes 162 and 164 operate in a linked manner, for example, using hydraulic pressure. Typically, brake shoes 162 and 164 hold the brake pads 144a on the outer circumferential surface of drum 144 in a clamping manner. When the rotating shaft 14a is allowed to rotate, the state in which brake shoes 162 and 164 clamp drum 144 is released.

[0129] The control device 22 uses the movement of the brake shoes 162 and 164 to clamp the drum 144 as a trigger signal, and uses the sensors 192a-192c and 194a-194c installed on the brake shoes 162 and 164 to output waveform information.

[0130] It should be noted that sensors 182a-182d are preferably positioned within drum 144 away from brake shoes 162, 164. Control device 22 uses the movement of brake shoes 162, 164 to clamp drum 144 as a trigger signal, and outputs waveform information using sensors 182a-182d mounted on drum 144. In this case, drum 144 rotates. Therefore, sensors 182a-182d can also rotate together with rotating shaft 14a and drum 144.

[0131] In this case, as described in the first embodiment, the processor 82 of the management server 80a can obtain the difference between the waveform information acquired by each of the sensors 182a-182d, 192a-192c, and 194a-194c and the reference data, and estimate the contact state between the first brake shoe (pad) 162 and the drum (metal body) 144, as well as the contact state between the second brake shoe (pad) 164 and the drum (metal body) 144. Specifically, the surface state of the brake shoe 162 and the contact state between the brake shoe 162 and the liner 144a of the drum 144 can be estimated based on the waveform information acquired by the sensors 182a-182c and 192a-192c. The surface state of the brake shoe 164 and the contact state between the brake shoe 164 and the liner 144a of the drum 144 can be estimated based on the waveform information acquired by the sensors 182a, 182c, 182d, and 194a-194c. That is, the management server 80a can determine at least one of the following: the surface state of the braking material, the surface state of the metal plate, and the contact state between the braking material and the metal plate.

[0132] In this way, the processor 82 of the management server 80a can obtain information related to the braking device 134 of the traction machine 14 of the elevator 10 each time the passenger car 16 of the elevator 10 stops, and repeatedly perform state estimation of the braking device 134.

[0133] In this embodiment, starting from the installation of the traction machine 14 into the elevator 10 or the replacement of the braking device 134, multiple sensors 182a-182d are installed on the metal body, i.e., the drum 144, which contacts the brake pads (friction elements) 162, 164 of the braking device 134; or multiple sensors 192a-192c, 194a-194c are installed on the brake shoes 162, 164. These sensors record the elastic waves generated by the solid contact between the brake shoes 162, 164 and the drum 144 when the passenger car 16 reaches a predetermined floor and the brake is activated. Then, the characteristic quantities of these elastic waves acquired and recorded by the sensors 192a-192c, 194a-194c are compared with reference data from the time the traction machine 14 is installed or the braking device 134 is replaced. Therefore, according to this embodiment, there is no need for unstable brake braking action. Whenever the brake device 134, which is a stable action, is ON / OFF operated, the state of the brake device 134 can be estimated and the state of the brake device 134 can be evaluated.

[0134] According to this embodiment, a state estimation device 80a, a state estimation system 80, a braking system 92 for the traction machine 14, an elevator maintenance system 94, a storage medium storing a state estimation program, and a state estimation method can be provided. This allows for the understanding of the time-related performance degradation, inspection period, and replacement period of the braking device 134 for the traction machine 14 of the elevator 10, so as to perform maintenance on the braking device 134, such as inspection and replacement, before the holding / braking torque of the braking device 134 of the traction machine 14 of the elevator 10 falls below the reference value (safety line).

[0135] According to at least one of the embodiments described above, a state estimation device 80a, a state estimation system 80, a braking system 92 for the traction machine 14, an elevator maintenance system 94, a storage medium storing a state estimation program, and a state estimation method can be provided. This allows for the understanding of the time-related performance degradation, inspection period, and replacement period of the braking devices 34 and 134 for the traction machine 14 of the elevator 10, so as to perform maintenance on the braking devices 34 and 134 by inspection, replacement, etc., before the holding / braking torque of the braking devices 34 and 134 of the traction machine 14 of the elevator 10 falls below the reference value (safety line).

[0136] Several embodiments of the present invention have been described, but these embodiments are given by way of example and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other ways, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their variations are included in the scope and spirit of the invention, and likewise included in the scope of the invention as described in the claims and its equivalents.

Claims

1. A state estimation device for the braking system of a traction machine, comprising a processor, The processor uses a sensor mounted on a metal plate to acquire waveform information of the elastic wave generated when the braking material, which is fixed to a brake plate connected to the rotating shaft of the traction machine, comes into contact with the metal plate that holds the braking material and constrains the movement of the brake plate. Based on the characteristic quantities of the waveform information, at least one of the surface state of the braking material, the surface state of the metal plate, and the contact state between the braking material and the metal plate is estimated.

2. The state estimation device according to claim 1, wherein, The processor, as a feature quantity of the waveform information of the elastic wave, estimates the contact state between the braking material and the metal plate based on the amplitude and frequency of the elastic wave obtained by the sensor and the difference between the data obtained when the traction machine is installed or the braking device is replaced.

3. The state estimation device according to claim 2, wherein, As a characteristic quantity of the waveform information of the elastic wave, compared with the reference data, the elastic wave has a smaller amplitude and a higher frequency.

4. The state estimation device according to claim 1, wherein, The processor stores the waveform information and compares the difference between the waveform information and reference data when the traction machine is installed or the braking device is replaced.

5. The state estimation device according to claim 4, wherein, The processor determines, based on the continuity of the accumulated waveform information, whether the state of the braking material has changed, and which of the braking material and the metal plate has changed state.

6. A state estimation system for a braking device of a traction machine, wherein, The state estimation system for the braking device of the traction machine has the following features: The sensor is in contact with braking material fixed to a brake plate connected to the rotating shaft of the traction machine, and is disposed on a metal plate that constrains the movement of the brake plate; and The state estimation device according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The state estimation system according to claim 6, wherein, The sensor is an AE sensor or a vibration sensor.

8. A braking system for a traction machine, wherein, The braking system of this traction machine has the following features: The brake plate is connected to the rotating shaft of the traction machine; Braking material, fixed to the brake plate; A metal plate, holding the braking material and constraining the movement of the braking plate; and The state estimation system for the braking device of the traction machine as described in claim 6.

9. An elevator maintenance system, wherein, The elevator maintenance system includes the traction machine braking system as described in claim 8.

10. A storage medium storing a state estimation program for a braking device of a traction machine, the state estimation program for the braking device of the traction machine causing a computer to perform the following actions: A sensor mounted on a metal plate is used to acquire waveform information of the elastic wave generated when the braking material, which is fixed to a brake plate connected to the rotating shaft of the traction machine, comes into contact with the metal plate that holds the braking material and constrains the movement of the brake plate. Based on the characteristic quantities of the waveform information, at least one of the surface state of the braking material, the surface state of the metal plate, and the contact state between the braking material and the metal plate is estimated.

11. A method for estimating the state of a braking device of a traction machine, wherein, The method for estimating the state of the braking device of the traction machine includes: A sensor mounted on a metal plate is used to acquire waveform information of the elastic wave generated when the braking material, fixed to a brake plate connected to the rotating shaft of the traction machine, comes into contact with the metal plate that holds the braking material and constrains the movement of the brake plate; and Based on the characteristic quantities of the waveform information, at least one of the surface state of the braking material, the surface state of the metal plate, and the contact state between the braking material and the metal plate is estimated.

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