Landslide safety monitoring system and early warning method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a landslide safety monitoring system and a warning method thereof and relates to the technical field of safety monitoring. The system comprises a control terminal connected with a cloud server and landslide sensors buried in a soil slope for monitoring. The landslide sensors are uniformly distributed on the soil slope to be monitored, and the soil layer tightness data and the soil layer offset data of different depths of the installation points of the landslide sensors are acquired. The control terminal acquires the soil layer tightness data and the soil layer offset data sent by the landslide sensors, combines with the three-dimensional image of the region of the soil slope to be monitored acquired in advance, and constructs a three-dimensional monitoring model of the soil layer of the soil slope to be monitored. The control terminal acquires the data sent by the landslide sensors in real time and updates the three-dimensional monitoring model of the soil layer. If the variation of the three-dimensional monitoring model of the soil layer exceeds a preset threshold, the control terminal sends a landslide warning alarm. The variation of the three-dimensional monitoring model of the soil layer is the comparison value of the real-time three-dimensional monitoring model of the soil layer and the initial three-dimensional monitoring model of the soil layer, and comprises the soil layer tightness variation and the soil layer offset.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of safety monitoring technology, and in particular to a landslide safety monitoring system and its early warning method. Background Technology

[0002] Landslides are dynamic geological disasters affecting the rock and soil of the Earth's surface, and are a common type of geological hazard in nature. Among various geological disasters in my country, landslides cause the most severe losses. The formation of most landslides involves a process from the appearance of deformation signs to gradual development and eventual instability and failure. During this process, deformation is the most obvious and easily observed phenomenon, and therefore, it is considered the most important indicator for landslide early warning and forecasting.

[0003] CN204085568U discloses an automatic slope soil stress and strain monitoring device, specifically relating to an automatic slope soil stress and strain monitoring device, including a sensing device. One end of the sensing device is connected to a data acquisition device, and the other end is a sealed end. The sensing device includes a flexible tube, and resistance strain gauges are provided on the outer wall of the flexible tube. The data acquisition device includes a housing, and a data acquisition unit, a power supply, and a signal output device are provided inside the housing. The data acquisition unit is connected to the signal output device. The resistance strain gauges are connected to the data acquisition unit. This patent uses a flexible tube and sets resistance strain gauges on the flexible tube. Although it can measure stress, due to the special characteristics of the soil layer, when the flexible tube is buried in the soil layer, the prestress on the flexible tube is large-area, and the stress reflected by the flexible tube may not change much, or there may only be one data point. The data may change only when the soil layer slides relative to each other. The combination of a flexible tube and resistance strain gauges does not meet the requirements for soil layer stress detection.

[0004] Furthermore, stress changes in the soil layer cannot accurately reflect the soil's tightness and have limitations. Therefore, a device or system capable of safely monitoring landslides is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, this invention provides a landslide safety monitoring system and its early warning method, used to measure slope deformation and soil compaction changes, in order to meet the needs of landslide monitoring.

[0006] The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0007] A landslide safety monitoring system includes a control terminal connected to a cloud server and landslide sensors buried in the slope for monitoring; characterized in that:

[0008] The landslide sensors are evenly distributed on the slope to be monitored to obtain soil tightness data and soil offset angle data at different depths of the landslide sensor installation points.

[0009] The control terminal acquires soil tightness data and soil offset angle data sent by the landslide sensor, and combines them with the pre-acquired three-dimensional image of the area of ​​the slope to be monitored to construct a three-dimensional monitoring model of the soil layer of the slope to be monitored.

[0010] The control terminal acquires the data sent by the landslide sensor in real time and updates the three-dimensional soil monitoring model. If the change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model exceeds a preset threshold, the control terminal issues a landslide early warning alarm.

[0011] The change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model is a comparison between the real-time three-dimensional soil monitoring model and the initial three-dimensional soil monitoring model, including the change in soil tightness and soil offset. The soil tightness data is the distance the soil layer is pushed apart under a certain thrust. The soil offset angle data is the angular translation of soil layers at different depths relative to the landslide sensor anchor point at the landslide sensor installation point.

[0012] Preferably, the landslide sensor includes an anchor bolt, a measuring section, and a monitoring head, which are connected in sequence.

[0013] The anchor rod is used to form an anchor point within the soil layer;

[0014] The measuring segment comprises several segments connected sequentially, vertically embedded in the soil layer, with adjacent segments connected by a spherical hinge. Each measuring segment includes a rod, a soil tension measuring structure, and an angle measuring assembly. One end of the rod is a spherical structure, and the other end is a concave structure corresponding to the spherical structure and capable of forming a spherical hinge. The two ends of the rod are connected by a central column. An outer frame, coaxial with the central column, is provided around the central column and fixed to the end of the central column. The soil tension measuring structure includes multiple opening plates arranged circumferentially along the outer frame, two sliding blocks ring-fitted onto the central column, two connecting rods hinged between the opening plates and the sliding blocks, and a mechanism that allows the two sliding blocks to... For the close-applied springs; the opening plate can fold onto the outer frame to form a column concentric with the central column; when the two sliding blocks slide close to each other, the connecting rod drives the opening plate to move radially outward relative to the rod; when the two sliding blocks slide away from each other, the opening plate can fold onto the outer frame; the spring is sleeved on the central column and located between the sliding block and the end of the rod; the end of the rod is equipped with a pressure sensor that measures the pressure of the spring on the end of the rod and a displacement sensor that measures the distance between the two sliding blocks; the opening plate can move a distance relative to the outer frame that is 1-3 times the diameter of the outer frame; the angle measuring component is located at the end of the rod and is used to measure the deflection angle between the two hinged rods;

[0015] The monitoring head is installed outside the soil layer and includes a monitoring head body, a battery for power supply, a wireless module, a monitoring circuit, and a marker light. The battery, wireless module, and monitoring circuit are installed inside the monitoring head body, and the monitoring circuit is connected to a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, and an angle measurement component. The monitoring circuit transmits the collected data to the control terminal through the wireless module. The marker light is installed at the end of the monitoring head body away from the measurement section and is used to display the operating status of the landslide sensor.

[0016] Preferably, the length of the measuring segment is 5-15cm.

[0017] Preferably, the rotation angle between two adjacent measurement segments is 0-60°.

[0018] Preferably, the angle measuring component includes electrode plates, which are evenly distributed on a spherical structure and a concave structure, and capacitance can be formed on the spherical structure and the concave structure. The deflection angle between two adjacent measuring segments is obtained by measuring the capacitance formed between the electrode plates.

[0019] Preferably, the measuring segment is fitted inside a waterproof sleeve, which is radially extendable.

[0020] Preferably, the landslide sensor further includes a mounting rod, a pretensioning strip, and a pretensioning strip tearing structure. The pretensioning strip is connected between the sliding block and the end of the central rod, so that the opening piece connected to the sliding block folds onto the outer frame. The pretensioning strip tearing structure is located at the end of the pretensioning strip and is used to tear off the pretensioning strip. At least one mounting rod is provided, which can extend sequentially into the measuring section and the anchor rod along the monitoring head and connect with the pretensioning strip tearing structure in the measuring section. During installation, the pretensioning strip tearing structure is pulled by rotating the mounting rod to break the pretensioning strip and release the spring.

[0021] Preferably, the control terminal is connected to a solar power supply device.

[0022] Preferably, the landslide sensor is installed at a 90° angle relative to the soil layer.

[0023] A landslide safety monitoring and early warning method, comprising the following steps:

[0024] Landslide sensors are laid out on the slope to be monitored at longitudinal and transverse intervals of 2-5m×2-5m along the slope direction. The landslide sensors are inserted into the soil layer at a 90° angle to obtain soil tightness data and soil layer offset angle data at intervals of 5-15m below the landslide sensor installation point.

[0025] A three-dimensional image of the slope to be monitored is obtained by the UAV, and combined with the soil compaction data and soil offset angle data sent by the landslide sensor obtained by the control terminal, an initial three-dimensional soil monitoring model is established.

[0026] The three-dimensional soil monitoring model is updated in real time. The real-time three-dimensional soil monitoring model is compared with the initial three-dimensional soil monitoring model to obtain the change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model. If the change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model exceeds a preset threshold, the control terminal issues a landslide early warning alarm.

[0027] The changes include the changes in soil tightness and soil offset.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0029] This invention's landslide safety monitoring system can monitor key indicators such as slope displacement, deformation, and soil compaction in real time, enabling timely detection of landslide signs. By analyzing the monitoring data, the early warning method can accurately predict landslide occurrences, providing relevant departments and personnel with sufficient time to take countermeasures.

[0030] This invention relates to a landslide safety monitoring system that can operate automatically, reducing manual intervention and improving monitoring efficiency. The system is suitable for monitoring various types of landslides, including mountain landslides, soil landslides, and rock landslides.

[0031] The landslide safety monitoring system of this invention has relatively low construction and operation costs, can effectively protect people's lives and property, and improve economic efficiency. The construction and operation of the landslide safety monitoring system can raise public awareness of geological disaster prevention and promote social stability and sustainable development. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the installation environment of the monitoring system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a functional framework diagram of the monitoring system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a functional framework diagram of the landslide sensor of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the landslide sensor installation of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the landslide sensor measurement section structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the soil tightness measurement structure of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproof structure of the landslide sensor measurement section of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary installation structure for the landslide sensor of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the pretensioning strip tearing structure of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring and early warning method steps of the present invention.

[0042] In the attached diagram, 100 represents the control terminal, 200 represents the landslide sensor, 300 represents the slope to be monitored, and 400 represents the cloud server.

[0043] 201-Monitoring head, 202-Measuring section, 203-Anchor bolt, 204-Spherical structure, 205-Concave structure, 206-Central column, 207-Outer frame, 208-Opening plate, 209-Sliding block, 210-Connecting rod, 211-Spring, 212-Pressure sensor, 213-Waterproof adhesive end, 214-Waterproof sleeve, 215-Mounting rod, 216-Pretensioning strip, 217-Tear strip, 218-Pretensioning strip tearing structure. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The embodiments of the invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the objectives, technical solutions and technical effects of the invention will be more clearly presented.

[0045] like Figure 1 The diagram shows an environmental installation schematic of the landslide safety monitoring system of the present invention. As a landslide safety monitoring system, this invention can be used to monitor landslides on civil engineering road slopes, engineering foundation pits, etc., to prevent and reduce the occurrence of geological disasters. Figure 2 As shown, this invention mainly includes a control terminal 100 connected to a cloud server 400 and landslide sensors 200 buried in the slope for monitoring. The cloud server 400 provides computing power support to the control terminal 100, including receiving data uploaded by the control terminal 100, processing, analyzing, and issuing early warnings for the uploaded data, and sending the analysis results back to the control terminal 100. The control terminal 100 collects data from the landslide sensors 200, monitors the status of the landslide sensors 200, and processes the analysis results fed back from the cloud server 400. The landslide sensors 200 acquire soil density data and soil offset angle data at different depths of the monitored slope 300 and send them to the control terminal 100.

[0046] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 2 The functional architecture of the landslide safety monitoring system of this invention is as follows:

[0047] Landslide sensors 200 are evenly distributed on the slope to be monitored to obtain soil tightness data and soil offset angle data at different depths of the installation points of the landslide sensors 200.

[0048] The control terminal 100 acquires soil tightness data and soil offset angle data sent by the landslide sensor 200, and combines them with the pre-acquired three-dimensional image of the area of ​​the slope to be monitored 300 to construct a three-dimensional monitoring model of the soil layer of the slope to be monitored.

[0049] The control terminal 100 acquires data sent by the landslide sensor 200 in real time and updates the three-dimensional soil monitoring model. If the change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model exceeds a preset threshold, the control terminal 100 issues a landslide early warning alarm.

[0050] The change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model is a comparison between the real-time three-dimensional soil monitoring model and the initial three-dimensional soil monitoring model, including the change in soil tightness and soil offset. The soil tightness data is the distance the soil layer is pushed apart under a certain thrust. The soil offset angle data is the angular translation of the soil layer at different depths relative to the anchor point of the landslide sensor 200 at different installation points.

[0051] Here, the control terminal 100 is connected to the solar power supply equipment.

[0052] This embodiment provides an implementation structure of a landslide sensor 200, which is described below in conjunction with... Figures 3-9 Please provide a detailed explanation.

[0053] The landslide sensor 200 includes an anchor rod 203, a measuring section 202, and a monitoring head 201, which are connected in sequence, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown. Anchor rod 203 is used to form an anchor point in the soil layer. The measuring segment 202 consists of several segments connected in sequence, vertically buried in the soil layer, and two adjacent measuring segments 202 are connected by a spherical hinge.

[0054] The measurement section 202 includes a pole, a soil tightness measurement structure, and an angle measurement assembly.

[0055] Here, one end of the rod is a spherical structure 204, and the other end is a concave structure 205 corresponding to the spherical structure 204 and capable of forming a spherical hinge. The two ends of the rod are connected by a central column 206. An outer frame 207 is provided on the outside of the central column 206 and is coaxially arranged with the central column 206. The outer frame 207 is fixed to the end of the central column 206. The soil tightness measurement structure includes multiple opening plates 208 arranged circumferentially along the outer frame 207, two sliding blocks 209 ring-fitted on the central column 206, two connecting rods 210 hinged between the opening plates 208 and the sliding blocks 209, and a spring 211 that brings the two sliding blocks 209 closer together. The opening plates 208 can be folded up on the outer frame 207 to form a column concentric with the central column 206. When the two sliding blocks 209 slide closer to each other, the connecting rod 210 causes the opening piece 208 to move radially outward relative to the rod body. When the two sliding blocks 209 slide further apart, the opening piece 208 can fold onto the outer frame 207. (See attached drawings.) Figure 5-6 As shown. Spring 211 is sleeved on the central post 206 and located between the sliding block 209 and the end of the rod. The end of the rod is equipped with a pressure sensor 212 to measure the pressure exerted by spring 211 on the end of the rod, and a displacement sensor to measure the distance between the two sliding blocks 209. It should be noted that the size of the opening plate 208 is determined by the maximum pressure per square centimeter exerted by spring 211 on the opening plate 208, and can be determined with reference to relevant standards or not less than 0.1 MPa / cm². 2 Here, the junction between the uppermost measuring section 202 or monitoring head 201 and the soil surface should be compacted to prevent rainwater from flowing in along the outside of the measuring section 202, affecting the stability of the soil layer corresponding to the measuring section 202, and affecting the accuracy of the measurement.

[0056] The angle measuring component is set at the end of the rod and is used to measure the deflection angle between the two hinged rods. The rotation angle between two adjacent measuring segments 202 is 0-60°. Through multiple measuring segments 202, the soil layer change can also be obtained to exceed 60°.

[0057] The angle measuring component includes electrode plates, which are evenly distributed on the spherical structure 204 and the concave structure 205. Capacitors can be formed on the spherical structure 204 and the concave structure 205. The deflection angle between two adjacent measuring segments 202 is obtained by measuring the capacitance formed between the electrode plates.

[0058] Here, the monitoring head 201 is set outside the soil layer and includes the monitoring head 201 body, a battery for power supply, a wireless module, a monitoring circuit, and a marker light. The battery, wireless module, and monitoring circuit are set inside the head body, and the monitoring circuit is connected to the pressure sensor 212, the displacement sensor, and the angle measurement component. The monitoring circuit transmits the collected data to the control terminal 100 through the wireless module. The marker light is set at the end of the monitoring head 201 body away from the measuring section 202 and is used to display the operating status of the landslide sensor 200. Red, orange, and green can be used to represent different levels of danger. For example, red means that a landslide may occur at any time or a landslide has already occurred, orange means that there is a risk of landslide, and green means that the detection is good. Of course, different flashing colors can also be used to reflect the operating status.

[0059] The extension distance of the opening section 208 is related to the measurement result. The distance that the opening section 208 can move relative to the outer frame 207 is twice the diameter of the outer frame 207, and can be selected between 1 and 3 times as needed. The length of the measuring section 202 is 10cm, and can be selected between 5 and 15cm, so as to meet the measurement needs of different soil structures.

[0060] like Figure 7 As shown, the measuring segment 202 is fitted inside the waterproof sleeve 214. The waterproof sleeve 214 is radially extendable. To provide better waterproofing, the waterproof sleeve 214 can be sealed and bonded between the two ends of the measuring segment 202, that is, the end of the waterproof sleeve 214 and the end of the measuring segment 202, forming a waterproof bonding end 213. The waterproof sleeve 214 is also fitted between adjacent measuring segments 202. Similarly, waterproof sealing can be used at the data cable ports of different measuring segments 202, thus forming multiple independent waterproof segments, which greatly ensures the reliability and stability of the landslide sensor 200.

[0061] like Figure 8-9As shown, to facilitate the installation of the landslide sensor 200 in the measurement section 202 and avoid placement difficulties or misalignment due to the presence of multiple measurement sections 202, the system also includes an installation rod 215, a pre-tensioning strip 216, and a pre-tensioning strip tearing structure 218. The pre-tensioning strip 216 connects the sliding block 209 to the end of the central rod, allowing the opening piece 208 connected to the sliding block 209 to fold onto the outer frame 207. The pre-tensioning strip tearing structure 218 is located at the end of the pre-tensioning strip 216 and is used to tear and break the pre-tensioning strip 216. At least one installation rod 215 is provided, extending sequentially from the monitoring head 201 into the measurement section 202 and the anchor rod 203, and connecting with the pre-tensioning strip tearing structure 218 in the measurement section 202. During installation, rotating the installation rod 215 pulls the pre-tensioning strip tearing structure 218 to break the pre-tensioning strip 216, releasing the spring 211. Here, the pretensioning strip 216 and the pretensioning strip tearing structure 218 can be plastic structures, with the pretensioning strip tearing structure 218 being an easy-tear plastic structure. This can be referenced from existing technology and will not be further discussed in this embodiment. To facilitate the removal of the mounting rod 215 after tearing the pretensioning strip tearing structure 218, a metal wire for pulling the pretensioning strip tearing structure 218 can be provided between the pretensioning strip tearing structure 218 and the mounting rod 215. The metal wire continuously wraps around the mounting rod 215 during its rotation, causing the pretensioning strip tearing structure 218 to tear. However, one end of the pretensioning strip tearing structure 218 is fixedly connected to a sliding block 209. As the mounting rod 215 continues to rotate, the metal wire disconnects from the pretensioning strip tearing structure 218, making it easy to remove the mounting rod 215. It should be noted that after setting the waterproof sleeve 214, once the mounting rod 215 can be easily removed, only the uppermost mounting hole needs to be plugged.

[0062] This section details the system deployment process based on the above scheme.

[0063] First, basic data on the slope 300 to be monitored is collected, including soil composition, thickness of different soil layers, geological structure, soil moisture content, and slope gradient. This data is used to determine the number of landslide sensors 200 to be used and their density. Generally, a higher density is used for high-risk monitoring requirements, and a lower density is used for low-risk monitoring requirements, but lateral placement should generally be ensured first. The parameters for the landslide sensors 200 are mainly selected based on the thickness of the topsoil and subsoil layers of the slope 300 to be monitored. For example, with a measurement segment 202 length of 12cm, 4-6 measurement segments 202 or more can generally be selected. Anchor rods 203 are generally 1-2m long.

[0064] After selecting the installation location for the landslide sensor 200, first use a drill bit of the same diameter as the landslide sensor 200 to drill holes at a 90° angle relative to the soil layer to accommodate the insertion of the measuring segment 202. During installation, the anchor rod 203 can be installed first, and then multiple measuring segments 202 equipped with installation rods 215 can be inserted into the corresponding holes to form a connection with the anchor rod 203. A lockable plug-in structure can be used here to form a quick and stable connection. After the measuring segment 202 is connected to the anchor rod 203, the installation rod 215 can be removed. Specifically, it is done by continuously rotating in one direction so that the installation rod 215 drives the tearing structure 218 of the pre-tensioning strip to break the connection of the pre-tensioning strip 216, i.e., the spring 211 returns to its free state. Since the measuring segment 202 is already buried in the soil hole, it will not rebound violently. After rotating several times to ensure that the tearing structure 218 of the pre-tensioning strip is broken, the installation rod 215 can be pulled out. The monitoring head 201 should be initialized before the mounting rod 215 is removed to establish a data communication link with the control terminal 100 and prepare for data collection. This completes the installation and setup.

[0065] Based on the above scheme, a landslide safety monitoring and early warning method is also disclosed here, such as Figure 10 As shown, the steps include:

[0066] The landslide sensor 200 is laid out on the slope to be monitored at a longitudinal and transverse interval of 2-5m×2-5m along the slope direction. The landslide sensor 200 is inserted into the soil layer at a 90° angle to obtain soil tightness data and soil layer offset angle data at intervals of 5-15m below the installation point of the landslide sensor 200.

[0067] A three-dimensional image of the area of ​​the slope to be monitored 300 is obtained by the UAV, and combined with the soil tightness data and soil offset angle data sent by the landslide sensor 200 obtained by the control terminal 100, an initial three-dimensional soil monitoring model is established.

[0068] The three-dimensional soil monitoring model is updated in real time. The real-time three-dimensional soil monitoring model is compared with the initial three-dimensional soil monitoring model to obtain the change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model. If the change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model exceeds a preset threshold, the control terminal 100 issues a landslide early warning alarm.

[0069] The changes include the changes in soil tightness and soil offset.

[0070] Here, the displayed 3D image of the area does not need to dynamically show the actual changes of the monitored slope by 300 mm; it only needs to display prompts based on the soil compaction data and soil offset angle data.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes, substitutions or modifications made within the technical spirit and principles indicated by the present invention should be included within the scope of patent protection covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A landslide safety monitoring system, comprising a control terminal connected to a cloud server and landslide sensors embedded in the slope for monitoring; characterized in that: The landslide sensors are evenly distributed on the slope to be monitored to obtain soil tightness data and soil offset angle data at different depths of the landslide sensor installation points. The control terminal acquires soil tightness data and soil offset angle data sent by the landslide sensor, and combines them with the pre-acquired three-dimensional image of the area of ​​the slope to be monitored to construct a three-dimensional monitoring model of the soil layer of the slope to be monitored. The control terminal acquires the data sent by the landslide sensor in real time and updates the three-dimensional soil monitoring model. If the change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model exceeds a preset threshold, the control terminal issues a landslide early warning alarm. The change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model is a comparison between the real-time three-dimensional soil monitoring model and the initial three-dimensional soil monitoring model, including the acquisition of changes in soil tightness and soil offset; the soil tightness data is the distance the soil layer is pushed apart under a certain thrust; the soil offset angle data is the angular translation of soil layers at different depths relative to the landslide sensor anchor point at the landslide sensor installation point. The landslide sensor includes an anchor bolt, a measuring section, and a monitoring head, which are connected in sequence. The anchor rod is used to form an anchor point within the soil layer; The measuring segment comprises several segments connected sequentially, vertically embedded in the soil layer, with adjacent segments connected by a spherical hinge. Each measuring segment includes a rod, a soil tension measuring structure, and an angle measuring assembly. One end of the rod is a spherical structure, and the other end is a concave structure corresponding to the spherical structure and capable of forming a spherical hinge. The two ends of the rod are connected by a central column. An outer frame, coaxial with the central column, is provided around the central column and fixed to the end of the central column. The soil tension measuring structure includes multiple opening plates arranged circumferentially along the outer frame, two sliding blocks ring-fitted onto the central column, two connecting rods hinged between the opening plates and the sliding blocks, and a mechanism that allows the two sliding blocks to... For the close-applied springs; the opening plate can fold onto the outer frame to form a column concentric with the central column; when the two sliding blocks slide close to each other, the connecting rod drives the opening plate to move radially outward relative to the rod; when the two sliding blocks slide away from each other, the opening plate can fold onto the outer frame; the spring is sleeved on the central column and located between the sliding block and the end of the rod; the end of the rod is equipped with a pressure sensor that measures the pressure of the spring on the end of the rod and a displacement sensor that measures the distance between the two sliding blocks; the opening plate can move a distance relative to the outer frame that is 1-3 times the diameter of the outer frame; the angle measuring component is located at the end of the rod and is used to measure the deflection angle between the two hinged rods; The monitoring head is installed outside the soil layer and includes a monitoring head body, a battery for power supply, a wireless module, a monitoring circuit, and a marker light. The battery, wireless module, and monitoring circuit are installed inside the monitoring head body, and the monitoring circuit is connected to a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, and an angle measurement component. The monitoring circuit transmits the collected data to the control terminal through the wireless module. The marker light is installed at the end of the monitoring head body away from the measurement section and is used to display the operating status of the landslide sensor.

2. The landslide safety monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the measuring segment is 5-15cm.

3. The landslide safety monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The included angle between two adjacent measurement segments is 0-60°.

4. The landslide safety monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle measuring component includes electrode plates, which are evenly distributed on a spherical structure and a concave structure. Capacitors can be formed on the spherical structure and the concave structure. The deflection angle between two adjacent measuring segments is obtained by measuring the capacitance formed between the electrode plates.

5. A landslide safety monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring segment is fitted inside a waterproof sleeve, which is radially extendable.

6. The landslide safety monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The landslide sensor also includes a mounting rod, a pretensioning strip, and a pretensioning strip tearing structure. The pretensioning strip is connected between the sliding block and the end of the central rod, so that the opening piece connected to the sliding block folds onto the outer frame. The pretensioning strip tearing structure is located at the end of the pretensioning strip and is used to tear and break the pretensioning strip. At least one mounting rod is provided, which can extend sequentially into the measuring section and the anchor rod along the monitoring head and connect with the pretensioning strip tearing structure in the measuring section. During installation, the pretensioning strip tearing structure is pulled by rotating the mounting rod to break the pretensioning strip and release the spring.

7. A landslide safety monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control terminal is connected to a solar power supply device.

8. A landslide safety monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The landslide sensor is installed at a 90° angle relative to the soil layer.

9. The early warning method for a landslide safety monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps include: Landslide sensors are laid out on the slope to be monitored at longitudinal and transverse intervals of 2-5m×2-5m along the slope direction. The landslide sensors are inserted into the soil layer at a 90° angle to obtain soil tightness data and soil layer offset angle data at intervals of 5-15m below the landslide sensor installation point. A three-dimensional image of the slope to be monitored is obtained by the UAV, and combined with the soil compaction data and soil offset angle data sent by the landslide sensor obtained by the control terminal, an initial three-dimensional soil monitoring model is established. The three-dimensional soil monitoring model is updated in real time. The real-time three-dimensional soil monitoring model is compared with the initial three-dimensional soil monitoring model to obtain the change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model. If the change in the three-dimensional soil monitoring model exceeds a preset threshold, the control terminal issues a landslide early warning alarm. The changes include the changes in soil tightness and soil offset.

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