A Vegetation Planting System and Method for Biodiversity Restoration Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)

Abstract

This invention discloses a vegetation planting system and method for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the field of biodiversity conservation technology. The system includes: a UAV monitoring unit, a control unit, and a planting unit. The UAV monitoring unit includes a UAV, a first data acquisition terminal mounted on the UAV, and a fixed component. The planting unit includes a mobile device and a planting component mounted on the mobile device. The planting component is equipped with a spraying component, a pit-digging and soil-filling component, and a second data acquisition terminal. The planting component is detachably mounted on the fixed component. The control unit includes a processing device mounted on the planting component. In this application, by mounting the planting component on the fixed component, the UAV monitoring unit is connected to the planting unit, allowing the UAV monitoring unit to fly with the planting unit, increasing the movement speed of the planting unit, improving the efficiency of vegetation planting, and thus promoting the efficiency of biodiversity restoration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of biodiversity conservation technology, specifically to a vegetation planting system and method for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Background Technology

[0002] Biodiversity is an important foundation for maintaining the ecological environment. Therefore, in the process of protecting the ecological environment, it is necessary to restore or protect biodiversity. Among them, vegetation planting is a way to restore or protect biodiversity. In this process, drones are generally used to collect information on the target area to determine whether the vegetation in the target area is sufficient. If the target area is found to lack vegetation, a planting robot will be controlled to plant plants in the target area. For example, the vegetation planting device is disclosed in the publication document CN107810676B, which discloses an intelligent environmental restoration system based on vegetation planting and its control method.

[0003] However, the device has certain limitations in use. For example, the drone and the planting robot are two separate parts and are not connected (the drone can only be parked on the planting robot's landing pad), which means that the planting robot can only move on the ground. Since the target area is outdoors and the outdoor ground is uneven, it will affect the movement speed of the planting robot, thereby reducing the efficiency of vegetation planting and affecting the restoration of biodiversity. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a vegetation planting system and method for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in order to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that the UAV and the planting robot are two separate parts with no connection between them, which causes the planting robot to move only on the ground. Since the target area is outdoors and the outdoor ground is uneven, it affects the movement speed of the planting robot, thereby reducing the efficiency of vegetation planting and affecting biodiversity restoration.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), comprising: a UAV monitoring unit, a control unit, and a planting unit;

[0006] The drone monitoring unit includes a drone and a first acquisition terminal and fixed components installed on the drone.

[0007] The planting unit includes a mobile device and a planting component mounted on the mobile device. The planting component is equipped with a spraying component, a pit-digging and soil-filling component, and a second collection end. The planting component can be detachably installed on a fixed component.

[0008] The control unit includes a processing device installed on the planting assembly. The processing device is used to acquire and analyze image information within the target area collected by the first acquisition end. When the number of plants in the target area is insufficient, the processing device controls the fixing assembly to release the planting unit and plant the plant within the target area. The processing device is also used to acquire image information collected by the second acquisition end to control the moving device, the digging and filling assembly, the planting assembly, and the spraying assembly to cooperate in planting vegetation.

[0009] Preferably, the planting assembly includes a box for storing vegetation, with an opening on one side of the box. A door for closing the opening and a motor for driving the door to rotate are hinged inside the opening. A servo slide is provided inside the box, and a clamp for holding the vegetation is provided on the moving end of the servo slide. A first transmission component for transferring the vegetation to the clamp is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box. The motor, servo slide, clamp, and first transmission component are all controlled by a processing device.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom of the inner cavity of the box is provided with a slot, and an electric telescopic rod is provided in the slot. The first transmission component is installed on the moving end of the electric telescopic rod. The box is provided with a tray and a third driving component for driving the tray to rise and fall. A second transmission component is provided on the tray. The electric telescopic rod, the third driving component and the second transmission component are all controlled by the processing equipment.

[0011] Preferably, the mobile device is provided with a clamping assembly for fixing the box to the mobile device.

[0012] Preferably, the spray assembly includes a second telescopic member and a water supply assembly mounted on the housing. The moving end of the second telescopic member is provided with an installation component, and the installation component is provided with a nozzle for communicating with the water supply assembly. Both the second telescopic member and the water supply assembly are controlled by the treatment equipment.

[0013] Preferably, the excavation and backfilling assembly includes a first telescopic member mounted on a housing. The movable end of the first telescopic member is provided with a mounting plate. The mounting plate is provided with a punch and a first driving member for driving the punch to rise and fall. The mounting plate is provided with a second driving member. The movable end of the second driving member is provided with a drive motor. The output end of the drive motor is provided with a push plate. The mounting plate is provided with a water spraying assembly. The first telescopic member, the first driving member, the second driving member, the drive motor, and the water spraying assembly are all controlled by the processing equipment.

[0014] Preferably, the punch includes two arc-shaped plates, with a third telescopic component between the two arc-shaped plates, and the third telescopic component is controlled by the processing equipment.

[0015] Preferably, the drone includes a drone body and a support block disposed at the bottom of the drone body's legs. The bottom of the support block is provided with a first pressure sensor for transmitting information to the processing device. When the processing device controls the drone to descend and the drone body's legs contact the ground, the first pressure sensor is pressed against the ground, and the processing device controls the fixing component to release the planting unit.

[0016] Preferably, the support block is equipped with a scraper and a servo motor for driving the scraper to rotate horizontally. The servo motor is controlled by a processing device. The support block is equipped with a second pressure sensor located on the scraper's movement path and used to transmit information to the processing device. After the processing device detects that the first pressure sensor is under pressure, the processing device controls the servo motor to work, so that the scraper rotates horizontally.

[0017] Preferably, a method for planting vegetation for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), utilizing the aforementioned UAV-based vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration, includes the following steps:

[0018] S1: The drone carries the first acquisition end and the planting unit to fly in the target area, so that the first acquisition end can collect image information in the target area and transmit the collected image information to the processing equipment.

[0019] S2: The processing device analyzes the collected image information and determines whether the amount of vegetation in the target area is lower than the preset value. If the amount of vegetation in the target area is detected to be greater than or equal to the preset value, the drone continues to fly. If the amount of vegetation in the target area is detected to be lower than the preset value, the processing device controls the drone to descend and causes the fixing component to release the planting unit.

[0020] S3: The processing equipment controls the planting unit to work, so that the second acquisition end can acquire images of the surrounding area. Based on the acquired images, the processing equipment controls the moving device to move to the planting area. Then, the hole-digging and soil-filling component digs holes in the ground. After the planting component plants the vegetation in the holes, the hole-digging and soil-filling component fills the holes with soil. Then, the spraying component waters the planted vegetation.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: by installing the planting component on the fixed component, the drone monitoring unit is connected to the planting unit, so that the drone monitoring unit can fly with the planting unit, thereby increasing the moving speed of the planting unit, improving the efficiency of vegetation planting, and thus promoting the efficiency of biodiversity restoration. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the drone monitoring unit and the planting unit of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the planting unit structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spray assembly structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the planting component of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the mounting plate and the punch of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hole punch structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the support block and the scraper of the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Drone; 101. Drone body; 102. Support block; 103. Scraper; 104. First pressure sensor; 105. Second pressure sensor; 2. First data acquisition end; 3. Fixing component; 4. Moving device; 5. Planting component; 51. Box body; 52. Box door; 53. Servo slide; 54. Fixture; 55. First transmission component; 56. Slotting; 57. Electric telescopic rod; 58. Support plate; 59. Third drive component; 510. 6. Second transmission component; 7. Clamping component; 8. Spraying component; 9. Second telescopic component; 10. Mounting component; 11. Nozzle; 12. Water supply component; 13. Second acquisition end; 14. Excavation and backfilling component; 15. First telescopic component; 16. Mounting plate; 17. Push plate; 18. Drilling tool; 19. Arc plate; 10. Third telescopic component; 11. First driving component; 12. Second driving component; 13. Drive motor; 14. Water spraying component; 15. Processing equipment. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Please see Figure 2A vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) includes: a UAV monitoring unit, a control unit, and a planting unit; the UAV monitoring unit is used to collect information about the target area and also to move the control unit and the planting unit; the control unit is used to receive and analyze the collected information, determine whether the vegetation quantity in the target area meets the standard (i.e., determine the vegetation coverage rate), and the control unit can also control the operation of the UAV monitoring unit and the planting unit; the planting unit is used to plant vegetation.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 The drone monitoring unit includes a drone 1, a first acquisition end 2 (camera) and a fixing component 3 (the fixing component 3 includes an electric telescopic pole and an electric clamp installed on the moving end of the electric telescopic pole).

[0035] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The planting unit includes a mobile device 4 (mobile vehicle, such as a smart car, which is an existing device and will not be described in detail here), a planting component 5, a spraying component 7, a digging and filling component 9, and a second acquisition end 8 (camera). The planting component 5 is mounted on the mobile device 4. The planting component 5 is equipped with the spraying component 7, the digging and filling component 9, and the second acquisition end 8. An installation block is mounted on the top of the planting component 5. An electric clamp on the fixing component 3 clamps the installation block, allowing the planting component 5 to be detachably mounted on the fixing component 3. The installation block is released by the electric clamp, allowing the drone monitoring unit and the planting unit to be separated.

[0036] Please see Figure 3 The control unit includes a processing device 10 (such as a computer), which is installed on the planting component 5. The processing device 10 is connected to the first acquisition terminal 2 and the second acquisition terminal 8 via a wireless communication device. The processing device 10 is used to receive information collected by the first acquisition terminal 2 and the second acquisition terminal 8. The processing device 10 is also connected to the drone 1, the fixed component 3, the mobile device 4, the planting component 5, the spraying component 7, and the digging and filling component 9 (the connection is wired or wireless) to control the opening and closing of the drone 1, the fixed component 3, the mobile device 4, the planting component 5, the spraying component 7, and the digging and filling component 9 (i.e., to control the above devices to work or stop working).

[0037] A method for vegetation planting for biodiversity restoration based on drones, comprising the following steps:

[0038] First, the drone 1, carrying the first acquisition terminal 2 and the planting unit, flies within the target area (the target area refers to a pre-selected area where biodiversity needs to be protected or restored), enabling the first acquisition terminal 2 to collect image information within the target area and transmit the collected image information to the processing device 10.

[0039] Second, the processing device 10 analyzes the collected image information to determine whether the amount of vegetation in the target area is lower than the preset value (the preset value is the value set by the staff in advance). If the amount of vegetation in the target area is detected to be greater than or equal to the preset value, the drone 1 continues to fly. If the amount of vegetation in the target area is detected to be lower than the preset value, the processing device 10 controls the drone 1 to descend and causes the fixing component 3 to loosen the planting unit.

[0040] It should be noted that when the number of plants in the target area is lower than the preset value, the processing device 10 will also analyze the collected image information, detect areas with large plant spacing (i.e., areas with less vegetation, and plan the areas to be planted and the number of plants to be planted), and then the processing device 10 will control the drone to descend in the area and place the planting unit in the area.

[0041] Third, the processing device 10 controls the planting unit to work, so that the second acquisition end 8 can acquire images around the planting unit and transmit the acquired images to the processing device 10. The processing device 10 analyzes the images and determines the area to be planted (i.e., according to the planting plan in the second step). Then, the processing device 10 controls the moving device 4 to move the planting component 5 to the area to be planted. The processing device 10 then controls the digging and filling component 9 to dig holes in the ground. Next, the processing device 10 controls the planting component 5 to plant the vegetation in the holes. Then, the processing device 10 controls the digging and filling component 9 to fill the holes with soil. Finally, the processing device 10 controls the spraying component 7 to water the planted vegetation. After completion, the processing device 10 controls the spraying component 7 to stop working. The operation is repeated until all vegetation is planted.

[0042] It should be noted that after planting is completed, the processing equipment 10 will control the drone 1 to descend, so that the fixing component 3 and the planting component 5 can be reconnected, and then the drone 1 will carry the planting unit to move.

[0043] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 5The planting component 5 includes a housing 51. An opening is provided on the right side wall of the housing 51 (through which the interior of the housing 51 communicates with the outside). A door 52 is hinged inside the opening (the door 52 is hinged to the inner wall of the opening via a pivot, and is used to close the opening). A motor is installed on the housing 51, and the output shaft of the motor is connected to the pivot (the motor operates to drive the door 52 to rotate at the opening, opening or closing the opening). A servo slide 53 is provided inside the housing 51. A clamp 54 is provided on the moving end of the servo slide 53 (the clamp 54 is an electric clamp, and the servo slide 53 can move the clamp 54 left and right, up and down). A first transmission component 55 is provided at the bottom of the interior of the housing 51 (the first transmission component 55 includes two transmission rollers, and the two transmission rollers...). (Transmission via conveyor belt) Planting is placed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box 51, above the first transmission component 55. When the processing device 10 controls the planting component 5 to work, the motor first works to rotate the box door 52 and open the opening. Then the first transmission component 55 works to move a plant to the clamp 54. Then the clamp 54 works to clamp the plant. Then the servo slide 53 moves the clamp 54 to the right, so that the clamped plant is removed from the inside of the box 51. Then the servo slide 53 moves the clamp 54 downward to insert the plant into the hole. After the plant is planted, the clamp 54 is reset. (During the above process, the motor, servo slide 53, clamp 54 and the first transmission component 55 are all controlled by the processing device 10 to open and close.)

[0044] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 5The bottom of the inner cavity of the housing 51 has a slot 56, and an electric telescopic rod 57 is installed in the slot 56. The first transmission component 55 is installed on the moving end of the electric telescopic rod 57, and the electric telescopic rod 57 can drive the first transmission component 55 to move up and down. A slider (the slider can move up and down) is slidably installed on the left inner wall of the housing 51. A support plate 58 is detachably installed on the side wall of the slider (the support plate 58 is connected to the slider by bolts, so that the support plate 58 can be removed from the slider). A third driving component 59 is installed on the housing 51 (the third driving component 59 includes a motor that can rotate forward and reverse and a connecting rope wound around the output shaft of the motor. The end of the connecting rope away from the motor is connected to the slider. When the motor works, it causes the output shaft of the motor to rotate, and the connecting rope is wound around the output shaft of the motor or wound around the output shaft of the motor. The connecting rope is released, causing the slider to move up or down. The pallet 58 is equipped with a second transmission component 510 (the second transmission component 510 has the same structure as the first transmission component 55). Plants are placed on the top of the second transmission component 510. The electric telescopic rod 57, the third drive component 59, and the second transmission component 510 are all controlled by the processing device 10. After the plants on the top of the first transmission component 55 are used up, the electric telescopic rod 57 moves the first transmission component 55 down, and at the same time the third drive component 59 works to move the pallet 58 down, aligning the top of the pallet 58 with the bottom of the inner cavity of the box 51. In the subsequent process of transporting plants, the second transmission component 510 transports the plants to the clamp 54. The arrangement of the pallet 58 increases the amount of plants that can be stored inside the box 51.

[0045] It should be noted that the top of the box 51 has an installation opening, and a cover plate can be detachably installed inside the installation opening (the cover plate is bolted into the installation opening to seal it); after removing the cover plate from the installation opening, the installation opening is opened, and vegetation can be added to the bottom of the inner cavity of the box 51 and above the support plate 58 through the installation opening; a camera is installed inside the box 51 to collect images of the inside of the box 51 and transmit the information to the processing device 10, which determines the amount of vegetation inside the box 51 and determines the status of the box 51. The amount of vegetation at the bottom of the inner cavity: When there is vegetation at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box 51, the processing device 10 only controls the first transmission component 55 to work (the second transmission component 510 does not work). After detecting that the vegetation at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box 51 has been used up, the processing device 10 controls the electric telescopic rod 57 to move the first transmission component 55 down and controls the third drive component 59 to work, so that the tray 58 moves down. In the subsequent planting process, the processing device 10 only controls the second transmission component 510 to work to transport the vegetation (the first transmission component 55 does not work).

[0046] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 3The mobile device 4 is equipped with a clamping assembly 6, which includes a telescopic member (electric, hydraulic or pneumatic telescopic rod) and a clamping plate installed on the moving end of the telescopic member. The side wall of the clamping plate away from the telescopic member is attached to the outer wall of the box 51 to fix the box 51 to the top of the mobile device 4. When the telescopic member with the clamping plate is not in contact with the outer wall of the box 51, the connection between the clamping assembly 6 and the box 51 is disconnected, so that the box 51 can be removed from the mobile device 4.

[0047] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 4 The sprinkler assembly 7 includes a second telescopic member 71 (electric telescopic rod) and a water supply assembly 74 (including a water tank and a water pump installed inside the water tank). Both the second telescopic member 71 and the water supply assembly 74 are installed on the side wall of the housing 51. The moving end of the second telescopic member 71 is provided with an installation part 72 (a plate or block). The installation part 72 is provided with a nozzle 73. The inlet of the nozzle 73 is connected to the outlet of the water pump through a pipe. When the treatment equipment 10 controls the sprinkler assembly 7 to work, the second telescopic member 71 works first, causing the installation part 72 to move and point the nozzle 73 at the vegetation. Then the water pump works, delivering water from the water tank to the nozzle 73 and spraying it out to water the vegetation. After completion, the water pump stops working, and at the same time, the second telescopic member 71 drives the installation part 72 to reset (during the above operation, both the second telescopic member 71 and the water supply assembly 74 are controlled by the treatment equipment 10).

[0048] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 The excavation and backfilling assembly 9 includes a first telescopic member 91 (electric telescopic rod), which is installed on the side wall of the housing 51. A mounting plate 92 is provided on the moving end of the first telescopic member 91, and a hole punch 94 (ring-shaped, according to…) is slidably provided on the right side wall of the mounting plate 92. Figure 3As shown, the punch 94 can move up and down. A first driving component 95 (which can be a hydraulic telescopic component, with the moving end of the hydraulic telescopic rod connected to the punch 94) is mounted on the mounting plate 92. A second driving component 96 (which can also be a hydraulic telescopic component) is mounted on the mounting plate 92. A drive motor 97 is mounted on the moving end of the second driving component 96 (which can move up and down with the drive motor 97). A push plate 93 is mounted on the output end of the drive motor 97 (when the drive motor 97 is working, the push plate 93 can rotate to change its angle). A water spray assembly 98 is mounted on the mounting plate 92 (the water spray assembly 98 includes a water tank, a pump, and an atomizing nozzle; the pump is installed inside the water tank, and the atomizing nozzle is installed outside the water tank and connected to the pump). The first telescopic component 91, the first driving component 95, the second driving component 96, the drive motor 97, and the water spray assembly 98 are all controlled by the processing equipment 10. When the digging and filling assembly 9 is working, the first telescopic member 91 extends and moves the mounting plate 92, causing the punch 94 to move to the digging area. Then, the water spraying assembly 98 works first, spraying water onto the digging area (to soften the soil). Next, the first drive member 95 moves the punch 94 down into the soil and then up (the punch 94 will lift the soil in the hole), digging holes in the planting area. Then, the first telescopic member 91 shortens, causing the punch 94 to move away from the top of the hole. Then, the soil in the punch 94 is discharged (the soil falls to the ground). The drive motor 97 drives the push plate 93 to rotate downward. Then, the second drive member 96 moves the push plate 93 up and down to compact the soil and spread it out. After the vegetation is placed in the hole, the drive motor 97 drives the push plate 93 to rotate in the opposite direction (to stand the push plate 93 upright and contact the ground). Then, the moving device 4 moves, causing the push plate 93 to push the compacted soil into the hole for filling.

[0049] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 7 The punch 94 includes two arc-shaped plates 941, and a third telescopic member 942 (electric telescopic rod) is provided between the two arc-shaped plates 941. The third telescopic member 942 is controlled by the processing equipment 10. When it is necessary to discharge the soil from the punch 94, the processing equipment 10 controls the third telescopic member 942 to extend, so that the two arc-shaped plates 941 are separated, increasing the distance between them, and discharging the soil from the punch 94.

[0050] It should be noted that during the operation of the planting component 5, the spraying component 7, and the digging and filling component 9, the second acquisition terminal 8 will acquire image information of the planting area in real time and transmit it to the processing device 10. After analysis and processing by the processing device 10, the planting component 5, the spraying component 7, and the digging and filling component 9 will be adjusted to ensure that the vegetation is planted normally.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] As a further optimization of Example 1, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 8 The drone 1 includes a drone body 101 and a support block 102 set at the bottom of the legs of the drone body 101. The bottom of the support block 102 is provided with a first pressure sensor 104, which is used to transmit information to the processing device 10. When the processing device 10 controls the drone 1 to descend, when the legs of the drone body 101 contact the ground, the first pressure sensor 104 is pressed against the ground. After the processing device 10 detects the pressure information, it controls the fixing component 3 to release the planting unit to ensure that the planting unit falls stably on the ground.

[0053] In this embodiment, as a further optimization, please refer to... Figure 8 The support block 102 has a mounting groove on its side wall, in which a servo motor is installed. A scraper 103 is mounted on the output shaft of the servo motor. The servo motor is controlled by the processing device 10. A second pressure sensor 105 is mounted on the support block 102, located on the movement path of the scraper 103, and transmits information to the processing device 10. After the processing device 10 detects pressure on the first pressure sensor 104, it controls the servo motor to rotate the scraper 103 horizontally, scraping away protruding parts on the ground (including soil, stones, or other impurities) until the scraper 103... 3. When the scraper 103 contacts the second pressure sensor 105 (the second pressure sensor 105 will receive pressure from the scraper 103), the processing device 10 will control the control fixing component 3 to release the planting unit after detecting that the second pressure sensor 105 is under pressure (it will control the servo motor to stop working and the scraper 103 to stop moving). This will allow the wheels of the moving device 4 to contact the ground without being lifted up, ensuring that the planting unit moves normally. If the scraper 103 cannot contact the second pressure sensor 105 after rotating (i.e., the processing device 10 does not detect that the second pressure sensor 105 is under pressure), the drone 1 will be controlled to adjust its landing position until the planting unit falls normally.

[0054] It should be noted that after the scraper 103 is used, the processing equipment 10 controls the servo motor to rotate in the reverse direction, so that the scraper 103 is reset.

[0055] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), characterized in that: include: The drone includes a monitoring unit, a control unit, and a planting unit. The UAV monitoring unit includes a UAV (1) and a first acquisition terminal (2) and a fixed component (3) installed on the UAV (1). The planting unit includes a mobile device (4) and a planting component (5) disposed on the mobile device (4). The planting component (5) is provided with a spraying component (7), a pit digging and filling component (9) and a second collection end (8). The planting component (5) can be detachably installed on the fixed component (3). The control unit includes a processing device (10) installed on the planting assembly (5); the processing device (10) is used to acquire and analyze image information in the target area acquired by the first acquisition end (2). When the number of plants in the target area is insufficient, the processing device (10) controls the fixing assembly (3) to loosen the planting unit and plant the planting unit in the target area. The processing device (10) is also used to acquire image information acquired by the second acquisition end (8) to control the moving device (4), the digging and filling assembly (9), the planting assembly (5), and the spraying assembly (7) to cooperate in planting plants. The drone (1) includes a drone body (101) and a support block (102) set at the bottom of the support legs of the drone body (101). The bottom of the support block (102) is provided with a first pressure sensor (104) for transmitting information to the processing device (10). When the processing device (10) controls the drone (1) to descend and the support legs of the drone body (101) contact the ground, the first pressure sensor (104) is pressed against the ground, and the processing device (10) controls the fixing component (3) to release the planting unit. The support block (102) is equipped with a scraper (103) and a servo motor for driving the scraper (103) to rotate horizontally. The servo motor is controlled by the processing device (10). The support block (102) is equipped with a second pressure sensor (105) located on the moving path of the scraper (103) and used to transmit information to the processing device (10). After the processing device (10) detects that the second pressure sensor (105) is under pressure, it controls the control fixing component (3) to release the planting unit so that the wheels of the moving device (4) can contact the ground without being lifted up, ensuring that the planting unit moves normally. If the scraper (103) cannot contact the second pressure sensor (105) after rotating, it will control the drone (1) to adjust the falling position until the planting unit falls normally.

2. The vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting component (5) includes a box (51) for storing vegetation. An opening is provided on one side of the box (51). A door (52) for closing the opening is hinged in the opening, and a motor for driving the door (52) to rotate is provided. A servo slide (53) is provided inside the box (51). A clamp (54) for holding vegetation is provided on the moving end of the servo slide (53). A first transmission component (55) for transferring vegetation to the clamp (54) is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the box (51). The motor, servo slide (53), clamp (54) and first transmission component (55) are all controlled by the processing device (10).

3. The vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the inner cavity of the box (51) is provided with a slot (56), and an electric telescopic rod (57) is provided in the slot (56). The first transmission component (55) is installed on the moving end of the electric telescopic rod (57). The box (51) is provided with a tray (58) and a third drive component (59) for driving the tray (58) to rise and fall. The tray (58) is provided with a second transmission component (510). The electric telescopic rod (57), the third drive component (59) and the second transmission component (510) are all controlled by the processing equipment (10).

4. A vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mobile device (4) is provided with a clamping assembly (6) for fixing the box (51) to the mobile device (4).

5. A vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spray assembly (7) includes a second telescopic member (71) and a water supply assembly (74) installed on the housing (51). The moving end of the second telescopic member (71) is provided with an installation part (72). The installation part (72) is provided with a nozzle (73) for communicating with the water supply assembly (74). Both the second telescopic member (71) and the water supply assembly (74) are controlled by the treatment equipment (10).

6. A vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) according to claim 2, characterized in that: The excavation and filling assembly (9) includes a first telescopic member (91) installed on the housing (51). The moving end of the first telescopic member (91) is provided with an installation plate (92). The installation plate (92) is provided with a punch (94) and a first drive member (95) for driving the punch (94) to rise and fall. The installation plate (92) is provided with a second drive member (96). The moving end of the second drive member (96) is provided with a drive motor (97). The output end of the drive motor (97) is provided with a push plate (93). The installation plate (92) is provided with a water spray assembly (98). The first telescopic member (91), the first drive member (95), the second drive member (96), the drive motor (97), and the water spray assembly (98) are all controlled by the processing equipment (10).

7. A vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) according to claim 6, characterized in that: The punch (94) includes two arc-shaped plates (941), and a third telescopic member (942) is provided between the two arc-shaped plates (941). The third telescopic member (942) is controlled by the processing device (10).

8. A method for planting vegetation for biodiversity restoration based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), utilizing the UAV-based vegetation planting system for biodiversity restoration as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1: The drone (1) flies in the target area with the first acquisition end (2) and the planting unit, so that the first acquisition end (2) can collect image information in the target area and transmit the collected image information to the processing device (10); S2: The processing device (10) analyzes the collected image information and determines whether the amount of vegetation in the target area is lower than the preset value. If the amount of vegetation in the target area is detected to be greater than or equal to the preset value, the drone (1) continues to fly. If the amount of vegetation in the target area is detected to be lower than the preset value, the processing device (10) controls the drone (1) to descend and causes the fixing component (3) to loosen the planting unit. S3: The processing device (10) controls the planting unit to work, so that the second acquisition end (8) acquires the surrounding images. The processing device (10) controls the moving device (4) to move to the planting area according to the acquired images. Then the pit digging and filling component (9) digs a pit on the ground. After the planting component (5) plants the vegetation in the pit, the pit digging and filling component (9) fills the pit with soil. Then the spraying component (7) waters the planted vegetation.

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