A soil ecological risk assessment method
By constructing a toxicology database and selecting applicable evaluation methods, the problem of insufficient data in soil ecological risk assessment is solved, the pollutant assessment needs are achieved under different scientific research foundations, and the accuracy and reliability of the assessment are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410835825.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-06-26
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, soil ecological risk assessment relies on sufficient quantity and quality of ecological toxicity data, but due to the variety of pollutants and insufficient data accumulation, the assessment lacks accuracy.
Provide a soil ecological risk assessment method, by judging the type of soil pollution, screening target pollutants, investigating soil properties, collecting data to construct a toxicology database, and selecting applicable assessment methods, such as ecological receptor method or environmental benchmark method, based on the toxicology data review conditions.
This method can effectively evaluate soil ecological risks in the absence of sufficient toxicity data, avoid overestimating the ecological toxicity of pollutants, and provide support for the accumulation of basic biotoxicity data of pollutants.
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Figure CN118586719B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil ecological risk assessment, and in particular relates to a soil ecological risk assessment method. Background Art
[0002] The assessment of soil ecological risk depends on the ecotoxicity data of pollutants. Existing studies have found that different ecological receptors (organisms or ecological processes in ecosystems that are affected by the toxicity of pollutants) have significant differences in their toxic responses to pollutants. The species sensitivity distribution method (SSD), as a probability distribution function based on describing the differences in the toxic response effects of limited receptors in an ecosystem to pollutants, is currently an important method for rationally assessing soil ecological risks. The final result aims to protect most (generally 95%) of the ecological receptors in the ecosystem and uses soil property normalization to eliminate the impact of soil properties on the toxicity of pollutants. However, the rationality and scientificity of this method depend on sufficient quantity and quality of ecotoxicity data. In most studies, the application conditions of this method are required to cover three trophic levels (decomposers, producers and consumers), include at least five species, and the experimental design for obtaining toxicity data is scientific and reasonable.
[0003] With the rapid economic development, more and more pollutants are entering the soil through various channels caused by industrial production and human activities. However, the accumulation of ecotoxicity data lacks a long-term scientific research basis. Therefore, the use of species sensitivity distribution method to assess soil risks in this situation lacks accuracy. Summary of the invention
[0004] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a soil ecological risk assessment method, which aims to solve the problem that the current pollutant ecotoxicity data is insufficient to support the construction of species sensitivity distribution.
[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a soil ecological risk assessment method, comprising the following steps:
[0006] Step S1: Determine whether the soil pollution type is a new pollutant or a pollutant generated in a specific process. If so, use the ecological receptor method to conduct soil risk assessment; if not, proceed to the next step;
[0007] Step S2: Screening target pollutants and investigating soil properties;
[0008] Step S3: Collect data and build a toxicology database through literature research, domestic and foreign toxicity database research, and information research;
[0009] Step S4: If the soil meets the toxicology data review conditions, the environmental benchmark method is used for soil risk assessment; if the soil can meet the toxicology data review conditions through limited experiments, the environmental benchmark method is used for soil risk assessment after data supplementation; if the soil cannot meet the toxicology data review conditions through limited experiments, the ecological receptor method is used for soil risk assessment.
[0010] Furthermore, the ecological receptor method: through the physicochemical properties, toxic mechanism and toxicological data of pollutants, two ecological receptors that are sensitive and insensitive to pollutants with standard testing methods are selected, and toxicological tests are carried out on the soil actually collected from the polluted plots. The specific standard is that the pollution concentration is lower than the EC of the sensitive receptors. 10 -Sen, it can be directly used for ecological land; the pollution concentration is higher than the sensitive receptor EC 10 -Sen, and lower than the insensitive receptor EC 10 -Insen, ecological restoration measures are required before the land can be used for ecological purposes; the pollution concentration is higher than the insensitive receptor EC 10 -Insen, it means that the polluted land is not suitable for ecological use.
[0011] Furthermore, in step S4, the toxicological data review conditions include covering decomposers, producers and consumers, and including at least 5 species.
[0012] Furthermore, in step S4, the environmental benchmark method: based on the toxicology database and the species sensitivity distribution method, the toxicology data in the toxicology database are normalized by using the interspecies extrapolation of the elution parameters, aging model and biological toxicity model; finally, the target pollutant concentrations for protecting 95% and 5% of the ecological receptors, HC5 and HC 95 , used to carry out soil ecological risk assessment for construction land.
[0013] Furthermore, in step S4, if the specific standard of the environmental benchmark method is that the pollution concentration is lower than HC5, it can be directly used for ecological land, and if the pollution concentration is higher than HC5 and lower than HC 95 It needs to undergo certain ecological restoration measures before it can be used for ecological purposes. The pollution concentration is higher than HC 95 This means that the polluted land is not suitable for ecological use.
[0014] The present invention innovatively constructs a soil ecological risk assessment system for pollutants that do not have a toxicological data basis or have an insufficient basis. The ecological receptor method and the environmental benchmark method are used in different scenarios to meet the pollutant assessment needs under different scientific research bases. This method can not only solve the problem that the current pollutant ecotoxicity data is insufficient to support the construction of species sensitivity distribution, but also directly test the method to avoid overestimating the ecological toxicity of pollutants. At the same time, it can also accumulate basic biological toxicity data for pollutants and provide a data basis for constructing the species sensitivity distribution curve of this pollutant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a soil ecological risk assessment method.
[0016] Figure 2 It is a normal distribution cumulative probability curve of toxicity value of a soil ecological risk assessment method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0018] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0019] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.
[0020] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0021] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, a soil ecological risk assessment method of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0022] Embodiment 1:
[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a soil ecological risk assessment method, comprising the following steps:
[0024] Step S1: Determine whether the soil pollution type is a new pollutant or a pollutant generated in a specific process. If so, use the ecological receptor method to conduct soil risk assessment; if not, proceed to the next step;
[0025] Step S2: Screening target pollutants and investigating soil properties;
[0026] Step S3: Collect data and build a toxicology database through literature research, domestic and foreign toxicity database research, and information research;
[0027] Step S4: If the soil meets the toxicology data review conditions, the environmental benchmark method is used for soil risk assessment; if the soil can meet the toxicology data review conditions through limited experiments, the environmental benchmark method is used for soil risk assessment after data supplementation; if the soil cannot meet the toxicology data review conditions through limited experiments, the ecological receptor method is used for soil risk assessment.
[0028] If the soil properties are highly specific, the ecological receptor method is used for soil risk assessment.
[0029] The ecological receptor method: through the physicochemical properties, toxic mechanism and toxicological data of pollutants, two ecological receptors that are sensitive and insensitive to pollutants with standard test methods are selected, and toxicological tests are carried out on the soil actually collected from the polluted plots. The specific standard is that the pollution concentration is lower than the EC of the sensitive receptors. 10 -Sen (the concentration value that causes 10% inhibition rate of sensitive receptor toxicity endpoint), it can be directly used for ecological land; the pollution concentration is higher than the sensitive receptor EC 10 -Sen, and lower than the insensitive receptor EC 10 -Insen (the concentration value that causes 10% inhibition rate of insensitive receptor toxicity endpoint), ecological restoration measures are required before the land can be used for ecological purposes; if the pollution concentration is higher than the insensitive receptor EC 10 -Insen, it means that the polluted land is not suitable for ecological use.
[0030] In step S4, the toxicological data review conditions include covering three trophic levels (decomposers, producers and consumers) and including at least five species.
[0031] In step S4, the environmental benchmark method: based on the toxicology database and the species sensitivity distribution method, the toxicology data in the toxicology database are normalized by using the interspecies extrapolation of the elution parameters, aging model and biological toxicity model to ensure that the impact of the differences in toxicology data obtained under different research conditions is eliminated; finally, combined with the species sensitivity distribution method, the target pollutant concentrations that protect 95% and 5% of the ecological receptors, i.e., HC5 and HC6, are derived. 95 , used to carry out soil ecological risk assessment for construction land.
[0032] In step S4, the specific standard of the environmental benchmark method is that the pollution concentration is lower than HC5, then it can be directly used for ecological land, and the pollution concentration is higher than HC5 and lower than HC 95 It can be used for ecological purposes only after certain ecological restoration measures have been taken. If the pollution concentration is higher than HC95, it means that the polluted land is not suitable for ecological use.
[0033] Embodiment 2:
[0034] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a soil ecological risk assessment method of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific practical examples.
[0035] (1) Conduct ecological risk assessment on arsenic-contaminated sites. According to the data survey results, the existing publicly available toxicological data on arsenic can meet the data review conditions of covering three trophic levels (decomposers, producers, and consumers), including at least five species, and a scientific and reasonable experimental design for obtaining toxicity data. The environmental benchmark method can be used to conduct ecological risk assessment.
[0036] At present, a total of 197 arsenic toxicological data have been collected. With the soil pH value (6.06-8.86) of a certain city as the restriction condition, 107 data were screened out, which met the data review requirements, including 3 microbial indicators, 9 plant indicators and 2 invertebrate indicators. In order to ensure the conservatism of the final results, the most sensitive data under the same study were selected, and the geometric mean was used as the indicator data for the same indicator study. The toxicological data were used to derive the environmental benchmark value HC5 using the species sensitivity distribution method.
[0037] The "National Ecological Environmental Benchmark Calculation Software EEC-SSD" released by the National Ecological Environmental Benchmark Committee in 2021 was used to fit the toxicological data using the ecological distribution model, lognormal distribution model, logistic distribution model, log-logistic distribution model, and the relatively mature Burr III model in literature research. The fitting results are as follows. Through r2, RMSE and p value (AD test), the optimal fitting model is the ecological distribution model, as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[0038] Table 1 Fitting results of different models
[0039]
[0040]
[0041] Table 2 Normal distribution model to calculate hazardous concentration
[0042]
[0043] To protect 95% of species, the data that should be selected are HC5 = 2.42 mg / kg and HC 95 =257.39 mg / kg. According to the survey results of soil background values in a certain city, the background value of As is (7.90±1.47) mg / kg. Therefore, the final soil screening value SQC5 for protecting 95% of species is (2.24+7.90)=10.14 mg / kg. 95 It is (257.39+7.90)=265.29 mg / kg.
[0044] According to the Technical Guidelines for Site Environmental Investigation (HJ 25.1-2014), the contaminated land is sampled and tested. When the concentration is lower than 10.14 mg / kg, it can be directly used for ecological purposes; between 10.14 and 265.29 mg / kg, ecological restoration technology can be used for ecological utilization; when it is higher than 265.29 mg / kg, ecological use is not recommended.
[0045] (2) Conduct ecological risk assessment on benzopyrene-contaminated land. In the case that the pollution characteristics are not specific, the toxicological data are judged. The currently published toxicological data do not meet the review requirements (covering 3 trophic levels, at least 5 species, and the experimental design for obtaining toxicity data is scientific and reasonable). Therefore, the ecological receptor method is selected to conduct ecological risk assessment. Nitrogen conversion rate and earthworm avoidance rate can be used as sensitive test endpoints, and dehydrogenase activity and mortality can be used as insensitive receptors. Therefore, for the actual contaminated soil, actual receptor toxicity tests of these four indicators are carried out, and the results of the most sensitive receptor and the least sensitive receptor are used as the evaluation criteria.
[0046] According to the Technical Specification for Soil Environmental Monitoring (HJ / T 166), soil samples with a benzo[a]pyrene pollution concentration of approximately 10 mg / kg were collected and stored in clean brown glass bottles with stoppers. After being transported to the laboratory, the samples were placed on an enamel plate or stainless steel plate, mixed, and foreign matter such as branches, leaves, and stones were removed. The samples were roughly divided into two groups using the quartering method, as shown in Tables 3, 4, 5, and 6.
[0047] Table 3 Ecological receptor toxicity test results with nitrogen transformation rate as the tested endpoint
[0048]
[0049]
[0050] Table 4 Test results of earthworm avoidance rate
[0051]
[0052] In summary, the nitrogen conversion rate inhibition rate was 74.02%, and the earthworm avoidance rate was (37.50-7.30)%=30.2%, among which the nitrogen conversion rate was a more sensitive indicator and was evaluated based on the nitrogen conversion rate. Since the nitrogen conversion rate inhibition rate (74.02%) was >10%, further experiments on the least sensitive receptors were needed.
[0053] Table 5 Results of eco-receptor toxicity tests with dehydrogenase activity as the tested endpoint
[0054]
[0055]
[0056] Table 6 Test results of earthworm avoidance rate
[0057]
[0058] In summary, dehydrogenase activity did not produce an inhibitory effect, and the avoidance rate inhibition rate was 3.33%. Therefore, dehydrogenase activity is a more insensitive receptor and was used as a standard for evaluation.
[0059] According to the results of nitrogen conversion rate and dehydrogenase activity, the contaminated soil is between the 10% inhibition rate of sensitive receptors and insensitive receptors. Therefore, it can be ecologically utilized after ecological restoration.
[0060] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A soil ecological risk assessment method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Determine whether the soil pollution type is a new pollutant or a pollutant generated in a specific process. If so, use the ecological receptor method to conduct soil risk assessment; if not, proceed to the next step; Step S2: Screening target pollutants and investigating soil properties; Step S3: Collect data and build a toxicology database through literature research and domestic and foreign toxicity database research; Step S4: If the soil meets the toxicology data review conditions, the environmental benchmark method is used for soil risk assessment; if the soil can meet the toxicology data review conditions through limited experiments, the environmental benchmark method is used for soil risk assessment after data supplementation; if the soil cannot meet the toxicology data review conditions through limited experiments, the ecological receptor method is used for soil risk assessment; Among them, the ecological receptor method: through the physicochemical properties, toxic mechanism and toxicological data of pollutants, two ecological receptors that are sensitive and insensitive to pollutants with standard testing methods are selected, and toxicological tests are carried out on the actual soil collected from the polluted plots. The specific standard is that the pollution concentration is lower than the EC of the sensitive receptors. 10 -Sen, it is directly used for ecological land; the pollution concentration is higher than the sensitive receptor EC 10 -Sen, and lower than the insensitive receptor EC 10 -Insen, ecological restoration measures are required before the land can be used for ecological purposes; the pollution concentration is higher than the insensitive receptor EC 10 -Insen, it means that the polluted land is not suitable for ecological use; Among them, the EC of sensitive receptors 10 -Sen is the concentration value that causes 10% inhibition rate of sensitive receptor toxicity endpoint, and EC value of insensitive receptor 10 -Insen is the concentration value that causes 10% inhibition rate of the insensitive receptor toxicity endpoint; The environmental benchmark method: based on the toxicology database and the species sensitivity distribution method, the toxicology data in the toxicology database are normalized by using the interspecies extrapolation of elution parameters, aging models and biological toxicity models; finally, the target pollutant concentrations that protect 95% and 5% of the ecological receptors, HC5 and HC6, are derived by combining the species sensitivity distribution method. 95 , used to carry out soil ecological risk assessment for construction land; if the specific assessment standard is that the pollution concentration is lower than HC5, it will be directly used for ecological land; if the pollution concentration is higher than HC5 and lower than HC 95 It is necessary to carry out certain ecological restoration measures before using it for ecological use. The pollution concentration is higher than HC 95 This means that the polluted land is not suitable for ecological use.
2. The soil ecological risk assessment method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the toxicological data review conditions include covering decomposers, producers and consumers, and including at least 5 species.