A water resources scheduling early warning method based on the Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention provides a water resource scheduling and early warning method based on the Internet of Things, and relates to the technical field of water resource scheduling and early warning. The invention installs liquid level meters in reservoirs and rivers in a warning area to detect the real-time liquid levels of reservoirs and rivers, installs soil water volume detectors in soil to detect the real-time humidity of the soil, and sends the results to an Internet of Things server for preprocessing and storage. The current water volume, water volume early warning level, water volume change amplitude, water volume change rate index, and water volume stability coefficient of the reservoirs, rivers, and soil are calculated respectively. A linear model for water resource optimization scheduling in a domain is established to determine the scheduling water volume between the reservoirs, rivers, and soil, and perform water scheduling. The overall water resource index of the region is calculated according to the early warning levels of the scheduled reservoirs, rivers, and soil, and an early warning is performed. The water diversion relationship between the region and the outside world is determined according to the water resource index.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water resource scheduling and early warning, and in particular to a water resource scheduling and early warning method based on the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] In today's agriculture, water resource scheduling refers to the scientific management and reasonable allocation of water resources to meet the needs of land planting and ensure the sustainable use and protection of water resources. Water resource scheduling can effectively solve the problem of agricultural production reduction and water resource waste caused by uneven regional distribution of water resources. Traditional water resource scheduling methods often rely on the experience and intuition of water resource managers, manually dispatching water resources from water-rich areas to other water-deficient areas, and rarely considering the results of scheduling. This method is inefficient and easily leads to resource waste.

[0003] With the rise of the Internet of Things, more Internet of Things technologies have begun to be applied in water resource scheduling. Internet of Things technologies use various sensors to monitor key water resource parameters in real time. These data can provide accurate real-time status information, help decision makers respond and adjust quickly, and make water resource scheduling more intelligent, precise and efficient.

[0004] Although existing technologies can improve the efficiency of water resource scheduling, existing technologies only rely on the collected real-time status information of water resources to schedule water resources. There is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the status of water resources and coordinated water resource scheduling within the region, which often leads to incorrect judgments on water resources and incorrect scheduling of water resources.

[0005] Therefore, in the existing technology, there is still a lack of overall regional systematic scheduling judgment standards in the water resources scheduling method to further improve the scheduling efficiency of water resources.

[0006] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute the prior art that is already known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water resources scheduling early warning method based on the Internet of Things to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A water resources scheduling early warning method based on the Internet of Things, the specific steps include:

[0010] Step 1: Install liquid level meters in the reservoirs and rivers in the warning area, and install soil moisture detectors in the soil to collect the real-time liquid levels of the reservoirs and rivers and the real-time humidity of the soil;

[0011] Step 2: Obtain the curve relationship diagram of the reservoir liquid level and capacity and the safe water storage range of the reservoir in the warning area, obtain the real-time water storage capacity of the reservoir based on the collected real-time reservoir liquid level, and divide different reservoir warning levels according to the safe water storage range of the reservoir, and calculate the reservoir water storage stability coefficient;

[0012] Step 3: Obtain the curve relationship diagram of the river liquid level and the water level cross-sectional area at the installation position of the liquid level meter in the river in the warning area, the length between the installation positions of the liquid level meter and the safe water storage range of the river, calculate the real-time water storage capacity of the river based on the real-time liquid level of the collected river, divide the river into different warning levels based on the safe water storage range of the river, and calculate the stability coefficient of the river water storage;

[0013] Step 4: Obtain the humidity of multiple soil locations in the warning area, the safe soil moisture range, the soil area in the area, and the tillage depth, calculate the real-time soil moisture content, divide the soil into different warning levels according to the safe range of soil moisture content, and calculate the soil moisture stability coefficient;

[0014] Step 5: Establish a linear model for optimizing water resource dispatch in the warning area, with the goal of minimizing the warning level and dispatching the least amount of water in the warning area, calculate the amount of water dispatched between reservoirs, rivers and soil, and dispatch according to the amount of water that needs to be dispatched;

[0015] Step 6: Calculate the current overall water resource index based on the reservoir water storage, river water storage and soil moisture content after scheduling, and issue an early warning based on the current overall water resource index.

[0016] Furthermore, the method of collecting the real-time liquid level of the reservoir and the river, and the real-time humidity of the soil is:

[0017] The real-time liquid level of the reservoir and river, and the real-time humidity of the soil are stamped with the collected timestamp to form time series data, and then the time series data is taken to the same time. The discretization process is performed by interval sampling.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific steps of dividing different reservoir warning levels according to the safe water storage range of the reservoir are:

[0019] The reservoir early warning index is calculated according to the safe water storage range of the reservoir. Different reservoir early warning levels are divided according to the reservoir early warning index. The specific formula for calculating the reservoir early warning index is:

[0020]

[0021] in, It is a reservoir early warning indicator. is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The upper limit of the safe water storage capacity of the reservoir. It is the lower limit of safe water storage capacity of the reservoir;

[0022] Compare the reservoir warning index with the reservoir safe water storage warning threshold to divide the warning levels into different levels, including over-water level warning and low-water level warning.

[0023] when When the water level is safe, no warning is issued;

[0024] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 1 over-water level warning is issued;

[0025] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 2 water level over-water warning is issued;

[0026] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 3 water level warning is issued;

[0027] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 1 warning is issued;

[0028] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 2 warning is issued;

[0029] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 3 warning is issued;

[0030] in, is the upper limit of the reservoir safety water storage warning threshold, It is the lower limit of the reservoir safety water storage warning threshold.

[0031] Furthermore, the specific steps of calculating the reservoir water storage stability coefficient are:

[0032] According to the collected reservoir liquid level, the water storage change amplitude and water storage change rate index of the reservoir with a cycle of one day are calculated, and the reservoir water storage stability coefficient is calculated according to the water storage change amplitude and water storage change rate index;

[0033] The calculation formula for the change range of the reservoir water storage capacity is:

[0034]

[0035] in, Cycle time The change range of water storage capacity in the reservoirs within is the real-time water storage at the current time point, is the water storage capacity of the reservoir at a time point in the previous cycle, is the cycle time;

[0036] The calculation formula of the reservoir water storage change rate index is:

[0037]

[0038] in, is the reservoir storage change rate index, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The last time interval is The reservoir water storage at the time point For the time interval, is a positive integer, is the number of time intervals;

[0039] The calculation formula of the stability coefficient of the calculated reservoir water storage capacity is:

[0040]

[0041] in, is the reservoir water storage stability coefficient, Cycle time The change in water storage capacity of the reservoirs within is the cycle time, is the reservoir storage capacity change rate index.

[0042] Furthermore, the specific steps of calculating the real-time water storage of the river and dividing different river warning levels according to the safe water storage range of the river are:

[0043] The calculation formula for calculating the real-time water storage capacity of the river is:

[0044]

[0045] in, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The current time point The liquid level of the river at each collection point, The current time point River water level cross-sectional area data of each collection point, For the current time point The collection point and The river length data between the collection points, is the number of sampling points of the liquid level in the river, is a positive integer, is the number of level gauges in the river;

[0046] The river warning index is calculated according to the safe water storage range of the river. Different river warning levels are divided according to the river warning index. The specific formula for calculating the river warning index is:

[0047]

[0048] in, It is a river warning indicator. is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The upper limit of the safe water storage capacity of the river. The minimum safe water storage capacity for rivers;

[0049] Compare the river warning index with the safe water storage warning threshold and divide it into different warning levels, including over-water level warning and low-water level warning.

[0050] when When the water level is too high, no warning is issued for safe water storage;

[0051] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 1 water level over-water warning is issued;

[0052] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 2 water level over-water warning is issued;

[0053] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 3 water level warning is issued;

[0054] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 1 warning is issued;

[0055] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 2 warning is issued;

[0056] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 3 warning is issued;

[0057] in, The upper limit of the warning threshold for safe water storage in rivers, It is the lower limit of the warning threshold for safe water storage in rivers.

[0058] Furthermore, the calculation steps of the river water storage stability coefficient are as follows:

[0059] According to the collected river liquid level, the change range of the river water storage volume and the water storage volume change rate index with a cycle of one day are calculated, and the river water storage stability coefficient is calculated according to the change range of the water storage volume and the water storage volume change rate index;

[0060] The calculation formula for the change range of the river water storage volume is:

[0061]

[0062] in, Cycle time Changes in river water storage in is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The amount of water stored in the river at the time point of the previous cycle;

[0063] The calculation formula of the river water storage change rate index is:

[0064]

[0065] in, is the river water storage change rate index, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The last time interval is The amount of water in the river at a given time, For the time interval, is a positive integer, is the number of time intervals;

[0066] The calculation formula for calculating the stability coefficient of river water storage is:

[0067]

[0068] in, is the river water storage stability coefficient, Cycle time Changes in river water storage in is the cycle time, It is the river water storage change rate index.

[0069] Furthermore, the specific steps of calculating the real-time soil moisture content and dividing the soil into different early warning levels according to the safe range of soil moisture content are as follows:

[0070] The calculation formula for calculating the real-time soil moisture content is:

[0071]

[0072] in, is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, For the The soil moisture at each sensor collection point is is the overall soil moisture, is the soil area data in the warning area, is the tillage depth of the soil in the warning area, is the soil moisture characteristic value in the warning area, The number of sensors for collecting soil moisture;

[0073] The soil early warning index is calculated according to the safe range of soil moisture content, and different soil early warning levels are divided according to the soil early warning index. The calculation formula of the soil early warning index is:

[0074]

[0075] in, It is a soil early warning indicator. is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, The upper limit of soil safety moisture content is It is the lower limit of soil safety moisture content;

[0076] Compare the soil warning index with the warning threshold of soil safe moisture content to divide the soil into different warning levels, including over-water level warning and low-water level warning.

[0077] when When , it is the safe water content and no warning is issued;

[0078] when When the water content exceeds the upper limit of safety, a Level 1 over-water level warning is issued;

[0079] when When the water content exceeds the upper limit of safety, a Level 2 over-water level warning is issued;

[0080] when When the water content exceeds the upper limit of safety, a Level 3 water level warning is issued;

[0081] when When the water content exceeds the lower limit of safety, a low water level level 1 warning is issued;

[0082] when When the water content exceeds the lower limit of safety, a low water level level 2 warning is issued;

[0083] when When the water content exceeds the lower limit of safety, a low water level level 3 warning is issued;

[0084] in, is the upper limit of the warning threshold of soil safety moisture content. It is the lower limit of the warning threshold for safe soil moisture content.

[0085] Furthermore, the specific steps of calculating the soil moisture stability coefficient are:

[0086] According to the soil moisture content, the soil moisture content change range and the moisture content change rate index with a cycle of one day are calculated, and the soil moisture content stability coefficient is calculated according to the moisture content change range and the moisture content change rate index;

[0087] The calculation formula for the variation range of soil moisture content is:

[0088]

[0089] in, Cycle time The change in soil moisture content, is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, is the soil moisture content at the last cycle time point;

[0090] The calculation formula of the soil moisture content change rate index is:

[0091]

[0092] in, is the soil moisture content change rate index, is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, The last time interval is The soil moisture content at the time point The first Soil moisture data, the value range is 1, 2, , is the number of time intervals represented;

[0093] The calculation formula of the soil moisture stability coefficient is:

[0094]

[0095] in, is the soil moisture stability coefficient, Cycle time The change in soil moisture content, is the cycle time, It is the soil moisture content change rate index.

[0096] Furthermore, the specific steps of establishing a linear model for optimizing water resource scheduling in the early warning area are:

[0097] Determine the objective function;

[0098]

[0099] in, Scheduling water for minimum water resources, is the amount of water dispatched in the reservoir, is the amount of water dispatched in the river, is the amount of water deployed in the soil, The minimum warning level. It is a reservoir early warning indicator. It is a river warning indicator. It is a soil early warning indicator. is the reservoir water storage stability coefficient, is the river water storage stability coefficient, is the soil moisture stability coefficient;

[0100] Establish constraints;

[0101]

[0102] in, , are the upper and lower limits of the reservoir's safe water storage capacity, respectively. , are the upper and lower limits of the safe water storage capacity of the river, , are the upper and lower limits of soil safety moisture content, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, It is the real-time moisture content at the current time point.

[0103] Furthermore, the current calculation formula for the overall water resource index is;

[0104]

[0105] in, is the current overall water resources indicator, is the weight of the reservoir in the overall water resources index, is the warning level of the reservoir, is the weight of the river in the overall water resources index, is the warning level of the river, is the weight of soil water in the overall water resources index, is the warning level number of the soil;

[0106] The warning level number is divided according to the warning level. When it is an over-water level warning, the warning level number is a positive number, and when it is a low-water level warning, the warning level number is a negative number;

[0107] The method of early warning based on the current overall water resources indicators is:

[0108] When the overall water resources in the region are in good condition, they will not participate in water resource dispatching;

[0109] When the overall water resources in the region are in short supply, water needs to be transferred into the region;

[0110] At this time, the overall water resources in the region are in a state of excess water, and water needs to be transferred outside the region.

[0111] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by installing level meters in reservoirs and rivers in the area to be warned to detect the real-time liquid levels of reservoirs and rivers, installing soil water content detectors in the soil to detect the real-time humidity of the soil, and sending them to the Internet of Things server for preprocessing and storage, by respectively calculating the current water volume, water volume warning level, water volume change amplitude and water volume change rate index of reservoirs, rivers and soil, and water volume stability coefficient, by establishing a linear model for optimal scheduling of water resources in the domain, determining the scheduling water volume values ​​between reservoirs, rivers and soil, and performing water volume scheduling, calculating the overall water resource indicators of the region according to the warning levels of the scheduled reservoirs, rivers and soil, and determining the water diversion relationship between the region and the outside world according to the water resource indicators.

[0112] The present invention detects the water resources distributed in the reservoirs, rivers and soil in the early warning area, and issues an early warning based on the safe water volume. The water resources are first redistributed within the area to prevent local water shortages or local water floods caused by uneven distribution of water resources between reservoirs, rivers and soil within the area, and effectively reduce the dispatching amount of water resources outside the early warning area. After the water resources within the area are dispatched, the detection is performed again and the overall water resources index is generated. The overall area early warning is issued based on the overall water resources index. The overall water resources index reflects the overall water shortage or water resources transition state of the early warning area, and then water resources are dispatched with the outside world based on the overall water resources index. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0113] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0114] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0115] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0116] Example:

[0117] See also Figure 1 , the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0118] A water resources scheduling early warning method based on the Internet of Things, the specific steps include:

[0119] Step 1: Install liquid level meters in reservoirs and rivers in the warning area, and install soil moisture detectors in the soil to collect real-time liquid levels of reservoirs and rivers and real-time soil humidity.

[0120] In the scheduling of water resources, surface water is mainly involved in scheduling, which is mainly distributed in reservoirs, rivers and surface soil. Moreover, the water resources in the region are ultimately reflected by the water volume in reservoirs, rivers and soil. Reservoirs can regulate the peak flow in the region. Reservoirs can store a large amount of water to prevent flooding and gradually release water by controlling flood discharge. Rivers play an important role in water resource scheduling, connecting the water resources between soil and reservoirs as a scheduling channel, and can also accommodate a large amount of water resources. Soil is one of the important reservoirs in nature, which can store precipitation and irrigation water. The pore space and capillary action in the soil enable it to retain a certain amount of water and release it to plants or infiltrate into rivers when needed. Understanding the moisture status of the soil can help decision makers arrange irrigation and water resource utilization reasonably to avoid water waste and crop drought.

[0121] The liquid level model is a 4G ultrasonic wireless Internet of Things ultrasonic liquid level meter, and the soil moisture detector model is a 4G Internet of Things humidity sensor SN-WX-TR, which can send the collected liquid level to the Internet of Things server in real time.

[0122] In this embodiment, the method of collecting the real-time liquid level of the reservoir and the river and the real-time humidity of the soil is:

[0123] The real-time liquid level of the reservoir and river, and the real-time humidity of the soil are stamped with the collected timestamp to form time series data, and then the time series data is taken to the same time. The discretization process is performed by interval sampling.

[0124] Step 2: Obtain the curve relationship diagram of the reservoir liquid level and capacity and the safe water storage range of the reservoir in the warning area. According to the collected real-time reservoir liquid level, obtain the real-time water storage capacity of the reservoir. According to the safe water storage range of the reservoir, divide the reservoir into different warning levels and calculate the reservoir water storage stability coefficient.

[0125] The curve of the reservoir liquid level and capacity and the safe water storage range of the reservoir can be obtained by consulting the reservoir engineering design documents. The water volume value of the reservoir can be obtained by obtaining the reservoir liquid level and checking the capacity corresponding to the curve of the liquid level and capacity.

[0126] In this embodiment, the specific steps of dividing different reservoir warning levels according to the safe water storage range of the reservoir are:

[0127] The reservoir early warning index is calculated according to the safe water storage range of the reservoir. Different reservoir early warning levels are divided according to the reservoir early warning index. The specific formula for calculating the reservoir early warning index is:

[0128] in, It is a reservoir early warning indicator. is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The upper limit of the safe water storage capacity of the reservoir. It is the lower limit of safe water storage capacity of the reservoir;

[0129] Compare the reservoir warning index with the reservoir safe water storage warning threshold to divide the warning levels into different levels, including over-water level warning and low-water level warning.

[0130] when When the water level is safe, no warning is issued;

[0131] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 1 over-water level warning is issued;

[0132] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 2 water level over-water warning is issued;

[0133] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 3 water level warning is issued;

[0134] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 1 warning is issued;

[0135] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 2 warning is issued;

[0136] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 3 warning is issued;

[0137] in, is the upper limit of the reservoir safety water storage warning threshold, It is the lower limit of the reservoir safety water storage warning threshold.

[0138] In this embodiment, the specific steps of calculating the reservoir water storage stability coefficient are:

[0139] According to the collected reservoir liquid level, the water storage change amplitude and water storage change rate index of the reservoir with a cycle of one day are calculated, and the reservoir water storage stability coefficient is calculated according to the water storage change amplitude and water storage change rate index;

[0140] The calculation formula for the change range of the reservoir water storage capacity is:

[0141]

[0142] in, Cycle time The change range of water storage capacity in the reservoirs within is the real-time water storage at the current time point, is the water storage capacity of the reservoir at the previous cycle time point, is the cycle time;

[0143] The calculation formula of the reservoir water storage change rate index is:

[0144]

[0145] in, is the reservoir storage change rate index, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The last time interval is The reservoir water storage at the time point For the time interval, is a positive integer, is the number of time intervals.

[0146] The change amplitude of reservoir water storage directly reflects the utilization of water resources in the region. When the change amplitude of reservoir water storage is positive, it indicates that the water volume of the reservoir has increased. When the change amplitude of reservoir water storage is negative, it indicates that the water volume of the reservoir has decreased. The reservoir water storage change rate index indicates the change of reservoir water volume within the cycle. The change amplitude of reservoir water storage can only simply reflect the utilization of water resources. The reservoir water storage change rate index can better describe the internal details of the change amplitude of reservoir water storage. For example, when the change amplitude of reservoir water storage within the cycle is zero, it seems that the reservoir has not utilized water, but the reservoir water storage change rate index is very large, which means that multiple water diversions have been carried out within the cycle, but the final water diversion is the same as before the water diversion, indicating that the reservoir water volume remains unstable and is given priority in subsequent scheduling.

[0147] The calculation formula of the stability coefficient of the calculated reservoir water storage capacity is:

[0148]

[0149] in, is the reservoir water storage stability coefficient, Cycle time The change in water storage capacity of the reservoirs within is the cycle time, is the reservoir storage capacity change rate index.

[0150] The reservoir water storage stability coefficient is an indicator used to measure the stability of the reservoir water volume. The smaller the reservoir water storage stability coefficient value, the more stable the reservoir water volume.

[0151] Step 3: Obtain the curve relationship diagram of the river liquid level and water level cross-sectional area at the installation location of the liquid level meter in the river within the warning area, the length between the installation locations of the liquid level meter and the safe water storage range of the river, calculate the real-time water storage capacity of the river based on the real-time liquid level of the collected river, divide the river into different warning levels based on the safe water storage range of the river, and calculate the river water storage stability coefficient.

[0152] The curve relationship diagram of the river liquid level and the water level cross-sectional area and the data on the safe water storage range of the river are obtained by referring to the river engineering design documents. The length between the sensor installation positions is obtained by measuring tools, such as directly measuring with a distance measuring wheel. According to the detected river liquid level, the curve of the river liquid level and the cross-sectional area can be checked to obtain the cross-sectional area corresponding to the river liquid level. According to the measured length between the sensors, the water storage capacity of the river can be calculated.

[0153] In this embodiment, the specific steps of calculating the real-time water storage of the river and dividing different river warning levels according to the safe water storage range of the river are:

[0154] The calculation formula for calculating the real-time water storage capacity of the river is:

[0155]

[0156] in, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The current time point The liquid level of the river at each collection point, The current time point River water level cross-sectional area data of each collection point, For the current time point The collection point and The river length data between the collection points, is the number of sampling points of the liquid level in the river, is a positive integer, is the number of level gauges in the river.

[0157] The river warning index is calculated according to the safe water storage range of the river. Different river warning levels are divided according to the river warning index. The specific formula for calculating the river warning index is:

[0158]

[0159] in, It is a river warning indicator. is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The upper limit of the safe water storage capacity of the river. It is the lower limit of safe water storage in rivers.

[0160] The river warning index reflects the degree of danger of the reservoir water volume. The larger the river warning index, the more water there is in the river, and the smaller the river warning index, the less water there is in the river. The river warning index is compared with the safe water storage warning threshold to divide it into different warning levels. The warning level more concisely reflects the degree of danger of the reservoir water volume. The warning level includes two types: over-water level warning and low-water level warning.

[0161] when When the water level is too high, no warning is issued for safe water storage;

[0162] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 1 water level over-water warning is issued;

[0163] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 2 water level over-water warning is issued;

[0164] when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 3 water level warning is issued;

[0165] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 1 warning is issued;

[0166] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 2 warning is issued;

[0167] when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 3 warning is issued;

[0168] in, The upper limit of the warning threshold for safe water storage in rivers, It is the lower limit of the warning threshold for safe water storage in rivers.

[0169] In this embodiment, the calculation steps of the river water storage stability coefficient are:

[0170] According to the collected river liquid level, the change range of the river water storage volume and the water storage volume change rate index with a cycle of one day are calculated, and the river water storage stability coefficient is calculated according to the change range of the water storage volume and the water storage volume change rate index;

[0171] The calculation formula for the change range of the river water storage volume is:

[0172]

[0173] in, Cycle time Changes in river water storage in is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The amount of water stored in the river at the time point of the previous cycle;

[0174] The calculation formula of the river water storage change rate index is:

[0175]

[0176] in, is the river water storage change rate index, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The last time interval is The amount of water in the river at a given time, For the time interval, is a positive integer, is the number of time intervals represented.

[0177] The change amplitude of river water storage directly reflects the utilization of water resources in rivers in the region. When the change amplitude of river water storage is positive, it indicates that the amount of water in the river has increased. When the change amplitude of river water storage is negative, it indicates that the amount of water in the river has decreased. The river water storage change rate index indicates the change of river water volume within the cycle. The change amplitude of river water storage can only simply reflect the utilization of water resources. The river water storage change rate index can better describe the internal details of the change amplitude of river water storage. For example, when the change amplitude of river water storage within the cycle is zero, it seems that the river has not utilized water, but the river water storage change rate index is very large, which means that multiple water diversions have been carried out within the cycle, but the final water diversion result is the same as before the water diversion, indicating that the river water volume remains unstable and is given priority in subsequent scheduling.

[0178] The calculation formula for calculating the stability coefficient of river water storage is:

[0179]

[0180] in, is the river water storage stability coefficient, Cycle time Changes in river water storage in is the cycle time, It is the river water storage change rate index.

[0181] The river water storage stability coefficient is an indicator used to measure the stability of river water volume. The smaller the river water storage stability coefficient value, the more stable the river water volume.

[0182] Step 4: Obtain the humidity of the soil at multiple locations in the warning area, the safe soil moisture content range, the soil area in the area, and the tillage depth, calculate the real-time soil moisture content, divide the soil into different warning levels according to the safe range of soil moisture content, and calculate the soil moisture stability coefficient.

[0183] The data on the safe soil moisture range is obtained by consulting agricultural experts in the warning area. They have a relatively authoritative understanding of the use and characteristics of the local soil. The soil moisture detectors are evenly distributed in the soil at a distance of 500 meters to obtain the soil moisture data of the area. The detection depth is 30 centimeters, because at this depth the roots of plants are the most distributed and the rainwater penetration effect is stable, which can reflect the water content change characteristics of the soil.

[0184] In this embodiment, the specific steps of calculating the real-time soil moisture content and dividing different soil warning levels according to the safe range of soil safe moisture content are as follows:

[0185] The calculation formula for calculating the real-time soil moisture content is:

[0186]

[0187] in, is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, For the The soil moisture at each sensor collection point is is the overall soil moisture, is the soil area data in the warning area, is the tillage depth of the soil in the warning area, is the soil moisture characteristic value in the warning area, The number of sensors for collecting soil moisture;

[0188] The calculation formula of the soil early warning index is:

[0189]

[0190] in, It is a soil early warning indicator. is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, The upper limit of soil safety moisture content is It is the lower limit of soil safety moisture content;

[0191] The soil warning index reflects the dangerous degree of water content in the soil. The larger the soil warning index, the more water content in the soil. The smaller the soil warning index, the less water content in the soil. The soil water storage warning level is compared with the safe water storage warning threshold to divide different warning levels. The warning levels include two types: over-water level warning and low-water level warning.

[0192] when When , it is the safe water content and no warning is issued;

[0193] when When the water content exceeds the upper limit of safety, a Level 1 over-water level warning is issued;

[0194] when When the water content exceeds the upper limit of safety, a Level 2 over-water level warning is issued;

[0195] when When the water content exceeds the upper limit of safety, a Level 3 water level warning is issued;

[0196] when When the water content exceeds the lower limit of safety, a low water level level 1 warning is issued;

[0197] when When the water content exceeds the lower limit of safety, a low water level level 2 warning is issued;

[0198] when When the water content exceeds the lower limit of safety, a low water level level 3 warning is issued;

[0199] in, is the upper limit of the warning threshold of soil safety moisture content. It is the lower limit of the warning threshold for safe soil moisture content.

[0200] In this embodiment, the specific steps of calculating the soil moisture stability coefficient are:

[0201] According to the soil moisture content, the soil moisture content change range and the moisture content change rate index with a cycle of one day are calculated, and the soil moisture content stability coefficient is calculated according to the moisture content change range and the moisture content change rate index;

[0202] The calculation formula for the variation range of soil moisture content is:

[0203]

[0204] in, Cycle time The change in soil moisture content, is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, is the soil moisture content at the previous cycle time point.

[0205] The change amplitude of soil moisture content directly reflects the utilization of water resources in the soil in the region. When the change amplitude of soil moisture content is positive, it indicates that the soil water content has increased. When the change amplitude of soil moisture content is negative, it indicates that the soil water content has decreased. The soil moisture content change rate index indicates the change of soil water content within the cycle. The change amplitude of soil moisture content can only simply reflect the utilization of water resources. The soil moisture content change rate index can better describe the internal details of the change amplitude of soil moisture content. For example, when the change amplitude of soil moisture content within the cycle is zero, it seems that the soil has not utilized water, but the soil moisture content change rate index is very large, which means that multiple water transfers have been carried out within the cycle, but the final water transfer combination is the same as before the water transfer, indicating that the soil water content remains unstable and is given priority in subsequent scheduling.

[0206] The calculation formula of the soil moisture content change rate index is:

[0207]

[0208] in, is the soil moisture content change rate index, is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, The last time interval is The soil moisture content at the time point The first Soil moisture data, the value range is 1, 2, , is the number of time intervals;

[0209] The calculation formula of the soil moisture stability coefficient is:

[0210]

[0211] in, is the soil moisture stability coefficient, Cycle time The change in soil moisture content, is the cycle time, It is the soil moisture content change rate index.

[0212] The soil moisture stability coefficient is an indicator used to measure the stability of water content in the soil. The smaller the soil moisture stability coefficient value, the more stable the water content in the soil.

[0213] Step 5: Establish a linear model for optimizing water resource scheduling in the warning area. With the goal of minimizing the warning level and the least amount of water to be scheduled in the warning area, calculate the amount of water that needs to be scheduled between reservoirs, rivers and soil, and perform scheduling based on the amount of water that needs to be scheduled.

[0214] Linear model is a systematic engineering analysis method that studies how to arrange and use a certain amount of various resources to maximize their benefits. Generally, the decision variables are first determined according to the nature of the research problem, and the objective function related to the decision variables is listed according to the goal of the problem. Then, according to the restriction conditions of the problem, the constraints related to the decision variables are listed to establish a mathematical model. In the present invention, the water volume of reservoirs, rivers and soil scheduling is used as the decision variable, the total amount of water resources scheduling and the lowest warning level in the region are used as the objective function, and the total scheduling water volume, the upper and lower limits of the reservoir's safe water storage capacity, the upper and lower limits of the river's safe water storage capacity, and the upper and lower limits of the soil's safe water content are used as constraints to establish a linear model to calculate the scheduling water volume of reservoirs, rivers and soil.

[0215] In this embodiment, the specific steps of establishing the linear model for optimizing water resource scheduling in the early warning area are:

[0216] Determine the objective function;

[0217]

[0218] in, Scheduling water for minimum water resources, is the amount of water dispatched in the reservoir, is the amount of water dispatched in the river, is the amount of water deployed in the soil, The minimum warning level. It is a reservoir early warning indicator. It is a river warning indicator. It is a soil early warning indicator. is the reservoir water storage stability coefficient, is the river water storage stability coefficient, is the soil moisture stability coefficient;

[0219] Establish constraints;

[0220]

[0221] in, , are the upper and lower limits of the reservoir's safe water storage capacity, respectively. , are the upper and lower limits of the safe water storage capacity of the river, , are the upper and lower limits of soil safety moisture content, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, It is the real-time moisture content at the current time point.

[0222] Step 6: Calculate the current overall water resource index based on the reservoir water storage, river water storage and soil moisture content after scheduling, and issue an early warning based on the current overall water resource index.

[0223] In this embodiment, the calculation formula of the current overall water resource index is:

[0224]

[0225] in, is the current overall water resources indicator, is the weight of the reservoir in the overall water resources index, is the warning level of the reservoir, is the weight of the river in the overall water resources index, is the warning level of the river, is the weight of soil water in the overall water resources index, is the warning level of the soil.

[0226] The method of early warning based on the current overall water resources indicators is:

[0227] When the overall water resources in the region are in good condition, they will not participate in water resource dispatching;

[0228] When the overall water resources in the region are in short supply, water needs to be transferred into the region;

[0229] At this time, the overall water resources in the region are in a state of excess water, and water needs to be transferred outside the region.

[0230] The warning level number is divided according to the warning level. When it is an over-water level warning, the warning level number is a positive number, and when it is a low-water level warning, the warning level number is a negative number.

[0231] The overall water resources index reflects the overall water resources situation in the warning area. When the overall water resources index is negative, there is an overall water shortage in the area and water resources need to be dispatched for replenishment. When the overall water resources index is positive, there is an excess of water resources in the area and water resources need to be dispatched to reduce the amount of water.

[0232] By installing level meters in reservoirs and rivers in the area to be warned to detect the real-time liquid level of reservoirs and rivers, and installing soil water content detectors in the soil to detect the real-time humidity of the soil, the data are sent to the Internet of Things server for preprocessing and storage. By calculating the current water volume, water volume warning level, water volume change amplitude, water volume change rate index and water volume stability coefficient of reservoirs, rivers and soil respectively, a linear model for optimal scheduling of water resources in the domain is established to determine the scheduling water volume values ​​between reservoirs, rivers and soil, and water volume scheduling is carried out. The overall water resource indicators of the region are calculated according to the warning levels of the scheduled reservoirs, rivers and soil, and the water diversion relationship between the region and the outside world is determined according to the water resource indicators.

[0233] The present invention detects the water resources distributed in the reservoirs, rivers and soil in the early warning area, and issues an early warning based on the safe water volume. The water resources are first redistributed within the area to prevent local water shortages or local water floods caused by uneven distribution of water resources between reservoirs, rivers and soil within the area, and effectively reduce the dispatching amount of water resources outside the early warning area. After the water resources within the area are dispatched, the detection is performed again and the overall water resources index is generated. The overall area early warning is issued based on the overall water resources index. The overall water resources index reflects the overall water shortage or water resources transition state of the early warning area, and then water resources are dispatched with the outside world based on the overall water resources index.

[0234] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula for the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0235] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented by software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0236] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0237] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A water resources scheduling and early warning method based on the Internet of Things, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Install liquid level meters in the reservoirs and rivers in the warning area, and install soil moisture detectors in the soil to collect the real-time liquid levels of the reservoirs and rivers and the real-time humidity of the soil; Step 2: Obtain the curve relationship diagram of the reservoir liquid level and capacity and the safe water storage range of the reservoir in the warning area, obtain the real-time water storage capacity of the reservoir based on the collected real-time reservoir liquid level, and divide different reservoir warning levels according to the safe water storage range of the reservoir, and calculate the reservoir water storage stability coefficient; Step 3: Obtain the curve relationship diagram of the river liquid level and the water level cross-sectional area at the installation position of the liquid level meter in the river in the warning area, the length between the installation positions of the liquid level meter and the safe water storage range of the river, calculate the real-time water storage capacity of the river based on the real-time liquid level of the collected river, divide the river into different warning levels based on the safe water storage range of the river, and calculate the stability coefficient of the river water storage; Step 4: Obtain the humidity of multiple soil locations in the warning area, the safe soil moisture range, the soil area in the area, and the tillage depth, calculate the real-time soil moisture content, divide the soil into different warning levels according to the safe range of soil moisture content, and calculate the soil moisture stability coefficient; Step 5: Establish a linear model for optimizing water resource dispatch in the warning area, with the goal of minimizing the warning level and dispatching the least amount of water in the warning area, calculate the amount of water dispatched between reservoirs, rivers and soil, and dispatch according to the amount of water that needs to be dispatched; Step 6: Calculate the current overall water resource index based on the reservoir water storage, river water storage and soil moisture content after scheduling, and issue an early warning based on the current overall water resource index; The specific steps of calculating the reservoir water storage stability coefficient are: According to the collected reservoir liquid level, the water storage change amplitude and water storage change rate index of the reservoir with a cycle of one day are calculated, and the reservoir water storage stability coefficient is calculated according to the water storage change amplitude and water storage change rate index; The calculation formula for the change range of the reservoir water storage capacity is: in, Cycle time The change range of water storage capacity in the reservoirs within is the real-time water storage at the current time point, is the water storage capacity of the reservoir at the previous cycle time point, is the cycle time; The calculation formula of the reservoir water storage change rate index is: in, is the reservoir storage change rate index, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The last time interval is The reservoir water storage at the time point For the time interval, is a positive integer, is the number of time intervals; The calculation formula of the stability coefficient of the calculated reservoir water storage capacity is: in, is the reservoir water storage stability coefficient, Cycle time The change in water storage capacity of the reservoirs within is the cycle time, is the reservoir storage capacity change rate index; The calculation steps of the river water storage stability coefficient are as follows: According to the collected river liquid level, the change range of the river water storage volume and the water storage volume change rate index with a cycle of one day are calculated, and the river water storage volume stability coefficient is calculated according to the change range of the water storage volume and the water storage volume change rate index; The calculation formula for the change range of the river water storage volume is: in, Cycle time Changes in river water storage in is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The amount of water stored in the river at the time point of the previous cycle; The calculation formula of the river water storage change rate index is: in, is the river water storage change rate index, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The last time interval is The amount of water in the river at a given time, For the time interval, is a positive integer, is the number of time intervals; The calculation formula for calculating the stability coefficient of river water storage is: in, is the river water storage stability coefficient, Cycle time Changes in river water storage in is the cycle time, is the river water storage change rate index; The specific steps of calculating the soil moisture stability coefficient are: According to the soil moisture content, the soil moisture content change range and the moisture content change rate index with a cycle of one day are calculated, and the soil moisture content stability coefficient is calculated according to the moisture content change range and the moisture content change rate index; The calculation formula for the variation range of soil moisture content is: in, Cycle time The change in soil moisture content, is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, is the soil moisture content at the last cycle time point; The calculation formula of the soil moisture content change rate index is: in, is the soil moisture content change rate index, is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, The last time interval is The soil moisture content at the time point The first Soil moisture data, the value range is 1,2, , is the number of time intervals; The calculation formula of the soil moisture stability coefficient is: in, is the soil moisture stability coefficient, Cycle time The change in soil moisture content, is the cycle time, is the soil moisture content change rate index; The specific steps of establishing the linear model for optimizing water resource dispatching in the early warning area are: Determine the objective function; in, Scheduling water for minimum water resources, is the amount of water dispatched in the reservoir, is the amount of water dispatched in the river, is the amount of water deployed in the soil, The minimum warning level. It is a reservoir early warning indicator. It is a river warning indicator. It is a soil early warning indicator. is the reservoir water storage stability coefficient, is the river water storage stability coefficient, is the soil moisture stability coefficient; Establish constraints; in, , are the upper and lower limits of the reservoir's safe water storage capacity, respectively. , are the upper and lower limits of the safe water storage capacity of the river, , are the upper and lower limits of soil safety moisture content, respectively. is the real-time water storage at the current time point, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, It is the real-time moisture content at the current time point.

2. The water resources scheduling and early warning method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized by: The method of collecting the real-time liquid level of the reservoir and the river, and the real-time humidity of the soil is: The real-time liquid level of the reservoir and river, and the real-time humidity of the soil are stamped with the collected timestamp to form time series data, and then the time series data is taken to the same time. The discretization process is performed by interval sampling.

3. The water resources scheduling and early warning method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of dividing different reservoir warning levels according to the safe water storage range of the reservoir are: The reservoir early warning index is calculated according to the safe water storage range of the reservoir. Different reservoir early warning levels are divided according to the reservoir early warning index. The specific formula for calculating the reservoir early warning index is: in, It is a reservoir early warning indicator. is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The upper limit of the safe water storage capacity of the reservoir. It is the lower limit of safe water storage capacity of the reservoir; Compare the reservoir warning index with the reservoir safe water storage warning threshold to divide the warning levels into two types: over-water level warning and low-water level warning. when When the water level is safe, no warning is issued; when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 1 water level over-water warning is issued; when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 2 water level over-water warning is issued; when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 3 water level warning is issued; when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 1 warning is issued; when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 2 warning is issued; when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 3 warning is issued; in, is the upper limit of the reservoir safety water storage warning threshold, It is the lower limit of the reservoir safety water storage warning threshold.

4. The water resources scheduling and early warning method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of calculating the real-time water storage of the river and dividing different river warning levels according to the safe water storage range of the river are as follows: The calculation formula for calculating the real-time water storage capacity of the river is: in, is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The current time point The liquid level of the river at each collection point, The current time point River water level cross-sectional area data of each collection point, For the current time point The collection point and The river length data between the collection points, is the number of sampling points of the liquid level in the river, is a positive integer, is the number of level gauges in the river; The river warning index is calculated according to the safe water storage range of the river. Different river warning levels are divided according to the river warning index. The specific formula for calculating the river warning index is: in, It is a river warning indicator. is the real-time water storage at the current time point, The upper limit of the safe water storage capacity of the river. The minimum safe water storage capacity for rivers; Compare the river warning index with the safe water storage warning threshold and divide it into different warning levels, including over-water level warning and low-water level warning. when When the water level is too high, no warning is issued for safe water storage; when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 1 water level over-water warning is issued; when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 2 water level over-water warning is issued; when When the water level exceeds the upper limit of safe water storage, a Level 3 water level warning is issued; when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 1 warning is issued; when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 2 warning is issued; when When the water level exceeds the lower limit of safe water storage, a low water level level 3 warning is issued; in, The upper limit of the warning threshold for safe water storage in rivers, It is the lower limit of the warning threshold for safe water storage in rivers.

5. The water resources scheduling and early warning method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of calculating the real-time soil moisture content and dividing the soil into different early warning levels according to the safe range of soil moisture content are as follows: The calculation formula for calculating the real-time soil moisture content is: in, is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, For the The soil moisture at each sensor collection point is is the overall soil moisture, is the soil area data in the warning area, is the tillage depth of the soil in the warning area, is the soil moisture characteristic value in the warning area, The number of sensors for collecting soil moisture; The soil early warning index is calculated according to the safe range of soil moisture content, and different soil early warning levels are divided according to the soil early warning index. The calculation formula of the soil early warning index is: in, It is a soil early warning indicator. is the real-time moisture content at the current time point, The upper limit of soil safety moisture content is It is the lower limit of soil safety moisture content; Compare the soil warning index with the warning threshold of soil safe moisture content to divide the soil into different warning levels, including over-water level warning and low-water level warning. when When , it is the safe water content and no warning is issued; when When the water content exceeds the upper limit of safety, a Level 1 over-water level warning is issued; when When the water content exceeds the upper limit of safety, a Level 2 over-water level warning is issued; when When the water content exceeds the upper limit of safety, a Level 3 water level warning is issued; when When the water content exceeds the lower limit of safety, a low water level level 1 warning is issued; when When the water content exceeds the lower limit of safety, a low water level level 2 warning is issued; when When the water content exceeds the lower limit of safety, a low water level level 3 warning is issued; in, is the upper limit of the warning threshold of soil safety moisture content. It is the lower limit of the warning threshold for safe soil moisture content.

6. The water resources scheduling and early warning method based on the Internet of Things according to claim 1 is characterized by: The current calculation formula for the overall water resource index is; in, is the current overall water resources indicator, is the weight of the reservoir in the overall water resources index, is the warning level of the reservoir, is the weight of the river in the overall water resources index, is the warning level of the river, is the weight of soil water in the overall water resources index, is the warning level number of the soil; The warning level number is divided according to the warning level. When it is an over-water level warning, the warning level number is a positive number, and when it is a low-water level warning, the warning level number is a negative number; The method of early warning based on the current overall water resources indicators is: When the overall water resources in the region are in good condition, they will not participate in water resource dispatching; When the overall water resources in the region are in short supply, water needs to be transferred to the region; At this time, the overall water resources in the region are in a state of excess water, and water needs to be transferred outside the region.

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