Quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method and system based on turbo code

Abstract

The application discloses a quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method and system based on a Turbo code, aiming at a classical Rayleigh channel, error correction is carried out by using a classical Turbo code, so that the measurement result can be reliably transmitted from a transmitting end to a receiving end, and the QBER and BER of the system are significantly improved. Under the condition of a quantum depolarization channel, the influence of classical channel errors and quantum channel errors on the QBER is analyzed in depth, transmission of pre-shared entangled quantum bits is protected by using a quantum error correction Shor code, and finally, a safe and reliable teleportation protocol is obtained by using a QSDC scheme and verifying entangled quantum bit pairs by a trusted third party, so that the quantum communication demand in various application scenarios can be met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the cross technical field of quantum communication, information security and coding technology, and particularly relates to a quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method and system based on Turbo code. BACKGROUND

[0002] Quantum teleportation enables the transmission of an arbitrary unknown quantum state between two different locations. To achieve this goal, the system requires a classical channel and a quantum channel for transmitting two classical bits and an entangled quantum bit. Although it is usually assumed in theory that both channels are error-free, in actual hardware implementation, the teleportation protocol can only operate effectively when the noise level is low and both classical and quantum transmissions are error-free. Any error in the classical or quantum channel will reduce the fidelity of the final transmitted quantum state. Teleportation has been widely considered for applications in secure communication, quantum networks and quantum repeaters, and is also the basis for the application of some concepts in quantum information theory. However, research on practical teleportation schemes with error correction capabilities is still relatively scarce.

[0003] Turbo code is one of the most popular classical error correction coding techniques, which takes advantage of traditional concatenated codes and uses interleaving technology to reduce the correlation between member codes. This coding technique not only performs well in low signal-to-noise ratio environments with high noise, but also has strong anti-fading and anti-interference capabilities. Due to the good application of the randomness coding condition in Shannon channel coding theorem, Turbo code has achieved decoding performance close to the Shannon theoretical limit. It creatively introduces the idea of iterative decoding, that is, using extrinsic information about the reliability of decoding decisions generated by each sub-decoding module to iterate between sub-decoding modules multiple times, gradually improving decoding accuracy. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method and system based on Turbo code to solve the technical problem of the lack of practical teleportation schemes with error correction capabilities in the prior art. The present application can ensure the security and reliability of quantum teleportation even when errors occur in both classical and quantum channels.

[0005] The application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method based on Turbo code, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1, simulating and verifying the quantum teleportation protocol through the Qiskit quantum computing framework;

[0008] S2, correcting the classical bit error in the classical channel by using the classical Turbo code;

[0009] S3, under the conditions of the classical Rayleigh channel and the quantum depolarization channel, analyzing the influence of the classical channel error and the quantum channel error on the quantum error rate and the error rate;

[0010] S4, using the quantum error correction Shor code to protect the transmission of the pre-shared entangled quantum bits;

[0011] S5, using the quantum secure direct communication scheme, verifying the entangled quantum bit pairs through a trusted third party, and realizing a secure and reliable quantum teleportation protocol.

[0012] Preferably, step S2 is specifically:

[0013] S201, the input information sequence is assigned to two parallel recursive systematic convolutional encoders;

[0014] S202, pseudo-randomly rearranging the input data sequence through an interleaver to obtain an interleaved data sequence;

[0015] S203, the second RSC encoder encodes the interleaved data sequence to generate a check bit sequence;

[0016] S204, the generated check bits are selectively deleted by a puncturer to reduce redundant data;

[0017] S205, multiplexing the systematic bits and the punctured check bits to finally generate a Turbo code sequence;

[0018] S206, using a soft decision method to decode the received signal and calculating the confidence of each bit;

[0019] S207, using an iterative decoding method to decode through two soft-input soft-output decoders and corresponding interleavers / deinterleavers;

[0020] S208, using a soft output Viterbi algorithm for soft decision decoding.

[0021] Preferably, in the two parallel recursive systematic convolutional encoders, one RSC encoder encodes the original input data sequence to generate a check bit sequence.

[0022] Preferably, step S3 is specifically:

[0023] S301, using a depolarization channel model to simulate an imperfect quantum channel and analyzing the influence of its error on the error rate and the quantum error rate;

[0024] S302, respectively analyze the influence of classical channel error and quantum channel error on quantum error rate when they dominate, and verify the effect of teleportation under different channel conditions through simulation.

[0025] Preferably, step S4 is specifically:

[0026] S401, using 3-qubit bit flip code and 3-qubit phase flip code for basic quantum error correction;

[0027] S402, construct 9-qubit Shor code by combining the two basic quantum error correction codes obtained in step S401;

[0028] S403, simulate and analyze the QBER performance of 9-qubit Shor code on depolarization channel.

[0029] Preferably, step S5 is specifically:

[0030] S501, prepare n pairs of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs by a third party, half of the EPR pairs will be transmitted to the transmitter, and the other half will be transmitted to the receiver;

[0031] S502, prepare m pairs of virtual EPR pairs and insert them into the secret position of the original EPR qubit pairs;

[0032] S503, use Shor encoding, now there are n+m pairs of EPR pairs, use Shor code to encode them, and generate a total of 9(n+m) pairs of qubits;

[0033] S504, use Shor decoding, implement the corresponding Shor decoding process at the receiver, and remove the redundant qubit pairs after Shor decoding, and restore n+m qubits at the receiver;

[0034] S505, measurement of the decoded virtual qubits can be used to determine the severity of possible eavesdropping, and the position of the virtual qubits will be transmitted to the receiver;

[0035] S506, if the QBER of the virtual qubits is lower than a certain selected security threshold, the quantum communication is considered to be secure;

[0036] S507, when the EPR pairs are safe and reliable, the transmission of information qubits based on classical measurement bits can continue.

[0037] Preferably, in step S501, each of the n pairs of EPR pairs is prepared in the state

[0038] Preferably, in step S502, the state of the virtual EPR pair is The virtual EPR pair is used to detect an eavesdropper.

[0039] Preferably, in step S506, when the QBER of the virtual qubit is lower than the threshold, the pre-shared n pairs of EPR qubits are secure, and the decoded EPR pairs are used for transmission.

[0040] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a quantum teleportation communication security enhancement system based on Turbo code, comprising:

[0041] A verification module performs simulation verification of the quantum teleportation protocol through a Qiskit quantum computing framework.

[0042] A correction module corrects classical bit errors in a classical channel using classical Turbo code.

[0043] An analysis module analyzes the influence of classical channel errors and quantum channel errors on quantum error rates and error rates under the conditions of a classical Rayleigh channel and a quantum depolarization channel.

[0044] A transmission module uses quantum error correction Shor code to protect the transmission of pre-shared entangled qubits.

[0045] An output module uses a quantum secure direct communication scheme to verify entangled qubit pairs through a trusted third party, and realizes a secure and reliable quantum teleportation protocol.

[0046] In a third aspect, a computer device comprises a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor implements the steps of the above-mentioned quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method based on Turbo code when executing the computer program.

[0047] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium comprising a computer program, and the computer program implements the steps of the above-mentioned quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method based on Turbo code when executed by a processor.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0049] The application discloses a quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method based on a Turbo code, adopts a classical Turbo code to correct errors in a classical channel, and reliably transmits measurement results from a transmitter to a receiver.

[0050] Further, the application is aimed at quantum teleportation under imperfect quantum channels and classical channels, adopts a classical Rayleigh channel and a quantum depolarization channel model, analyzes the influence of classical channel errors and quantum channel errors on QBER, and through quantitative analysis of the errors, more effective error correction and protection measures can be formulated to improve the anti-interference capability of the quantum channel in a complex environment.

[0051] Further, the application protects the transmission of pre-shared entangled qubits by quantum error correction Shor code, and ensures the integrity of quantum information in the transmission process.

[0052] Further, the application utilizes a quantum secure direct communication scheme to verify entangled qubit pairs through a trusted third party, and ensures the security and reliability of quantum teleportation.

[0053] Further, the purpose or benefits of the arrangement according to claim 9 are supplemented.

[0054] It can be understood that the beneficial effects of the second aspect described above can be referred to the related description in the first aspect described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0055] In summary, the application provides a practical quantum teleportation scheme through the simulation verification of the Qiskit quantum computing framework, the combination of classical Turbo code and quantum error correction Shor code, and the quantum secure direct communication scheme.

[0056] The technical solutions of the present application are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0057] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the accompanying drawings to be used in the relative example description are briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other accompanying drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort on the basis of the accompanying drawings.

[0058] Figure 1 Quantum circuit diagram of the teleportation protocol system of the present application under the condition of imperfect classical channel and imperfect quantum channel;

[0059] Figure 2 Encoding flow chart of the Turbo code used in the present application;

[0060] Figure 3 Decoding flow chart of the Turbo code used in the present application;

[0061] Figure 4 QBER / BER and SNR performance analysis simulation diagram of the present application when using uncoded binary phase shift keying (BPSK), 4-PSK, 8-PSK, 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) and 64-QAM schemes to communicate through an AWGN channel;

[0062] Figure 5 QBER / BER and SNR performance analysis simulation diagram of the present application when using uncoded 4PSK scheme and Turbo coded 4PSK scheme to communicate through a Rayleigh fading channel;

[0063] Figure 6 Simulation diagram of the relationship between QBER and BER of the present application when using Turbo coded 4PSK auxiliary scheme to communicate on a Rayleigh fading channel, wherein the depolarization probability of the quantum channel is Peq=(10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 0).

[0064] Figure 7 Simulation diagram of the relationship between QBER and SNR of the present application when using Turbo coded 4PSK auxiliary scheme to communicate on a Rayleigh fading channel, wherein the depolarization probability of the quantum channel is Peq=(10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 0).

[0065] Figure 8 Quantum circuit diagram of Shor coding used in quantum channel error correction of the present application;

[0066] Figure 9A quantum circuit diagram for Shor decoding used in the present application in quantum channel error correction;

[0067] Figure 10 A process diagram for Shor coding assisted QSDC proposed in the present application;

[0068] Figure 11 In the error threshold selection in the process of Shor coding assisted QSDC proposed in the present application, the comparison graph of the channel depolarization error probability Pe (un-coded) and the error probability Pe (Shor) after Shor decoding is used for determination;

[0069] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] Figure 13 A block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0072] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "comprise" and "include" indicate the presence of described features, whole, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, whole, steps, operations, elements, components and / or sets thereof.

[0073] It should also be understood that the terms used in the present application specification are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. As used in the present application specification and the appended claims, unless otherwise clear from the context, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms.

[0074] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in the present application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes these combinations, for example, A and / or B can represent three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " in the present application generally represents an "or" relationship between the front and rear associated objects.

[0075] It should be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be employed in describing the preset ranges, etc. in the embodiments of the present application, the preset ranges should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the preset ranges from each other. For example, the first preset range can also be referred to as the second preset range, and similarly, the second preset range can also be referred to as the first preset range, without departing from the scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0076] Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein can be interpreted to mean "when" or "while" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting." Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if a stated condition or event is detected" can be interpreted to mean "when it is determined" or "in response to determining" or "when a stated condition or event is detected" or "in response to detecting a stated condition or event."

[0077] Various structural diagrams according to the disclosed embodiments of the present application are shown in the accompanying drawings. These diagrams are not drawn to scale, in which certain details are exaggerated for the purpose of clarity, and certain details can be omitted. The shapes of various regions, layers shown in the drawings and their relative sizes and positional relationships may, in actuality, deviate due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and regions / layers with different shapes, sizes, relative positions can be additionally designed by those skilled in the art according to actual needs.

[0078] The noise quantum channel can be a communication channel that at least retains a certain degree of coherence, a time interval of quantum bit interaction with the environment, or a quantum gate affected by noise. In these cases, the quantum bit will undergo state changes. This change can be a linear combination of quantum bit bit flip errors and quantum bit phase flip errors. The present application proposes in-depth analysis of the influence of classical channel errors and quantum channel errors on QBER under the condition of quantum depolarization channel, and protection of the transmission of pre-shared entangled quantum bits by quantum error correction Shor code. Quantum error correction Shor code can correct any type of error of a single quantum bit, including bit flip and phase flip. By using redundancy and entanglement technology, the reliability and robustness of the quantum communication system are significantly improved, ensuring high fidelity of quantum information transmission and processing in actual operation.

[0079] The present application adopts a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme, which verifies entangled quantum bit pairs through a trusted third party. QSDC can directly transmit confidential information without first establishing a key. It uses the basic principles of quantum mechanics, such as quantum entanglement and the quantum no-cloning theorem, to ensure that any eavesdropping behavior will be discovered in time, thereby ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of the communication. Thus, the present patent obtains a secure and reliable teleportation protocol.

[0080] The application provides a quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method based on Turbo code, adopts classical Turbo code to ensure the transmission of measurement results, combines quantum error correction Shor code to protect the transmission of pre-shared entangled quantum bits, and finally verifies the entangled quantum bit pair through a trusted third party and with the help of a quantum secure direct communication scheme to explore a secure teleportation protocol.

[0081] The application provides a quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method based on Turbo code, which transmits two classical bits and an entangled quantum bit through a classical channel and a quantum channel, and includes the following steps:

[0082] S1, simulate and verify the quantum teleportation protocol through the Qiskit quantum computing framework to prove the feasibility of the protocol under ideal channel conditions;

[0083] The Qiskit quantum computing framework is used to simulate and verify the quantum teleportation protocol. The framework provides a complete set of tools, including quantum circuit design, compilation, optimization, simulation and hardware execution. Through simulation and verification, the feasibility and correctness of the protocol under ideal channel conditions are ensured.

[0084] S2, classical Turbo code is used to correct the classical bit error in the classical channel to ensure the reliability of the measurement result transmission from the transmitter to the receiver;

[0085] Under the condition of classical Rayleigh channel, classical Turbo code is used to correct the error in the classical channel. Turbo code improves the redundancy and anti-interference ability of the code through the combination of recursive systematic convolutional encoder (RSC) and pseudo-random interleaver. The specific steps include:

[0086] The encoding and decoding process of classical Turbo code is as follows:

[0087] S201, the input information sequence is assigned to two parallel recursive systematic convolutional encoders (RSC), one of which encodes the original input data sequence to generate a check bit sequence;

[0088] S202, the input data sequence is pseudo-randomly rearranged through an interleaver to obtain an interleaved data sequence;

[0089] S203, the second RSC encoder encodes the interleaved data sequence to generate a check bit sequence;

[0090] S204, the generated check bits are selectively deleted by a puncturer to reduce redundant data;

[0091] S205, multiplex the systematic bits and the punctured check bits to finally generate a Turbo code sequence.

[0092] The decoding process of the classic Turbo code is as follows:

[0093] S206, using a soft decision method to decode the received signal, calculating the confidence of each bit;

[0094] S207, using an iterative decoding method, decoding through two soft input soft output (SISO) decoders and corresponding interleavers / deinterleavers;

[0095] S208, using soft output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) for soft decision decoding.

[0096] S3, under the conditions of classic Rayleigh channel and quantum depolarization channel, analyzing the influence of classic channel error and quantum channel error on quantum bit error rate (QBER) and bit error rate (BER);

[0097] For teleportation under imperfect quantum channels and classic channels, classic Rayleigh channel and quantum depolarization channel models are used for analysis. These channel models simulate various error types in actual communication environments, including bit flip and phase flip errors. The specific analysis steps include:

[0098] S301, using a depolarization channel model to simulate an imperfect quantum channel, analyzing the influence of its error on BER and QBER;

[0099] S302, respectively analyzing the influence of classic channel error and quantum channel error on QBER when they dominate, and verifying the effect of teleportation under different channel conditions through simulation.

[0100] S4, using quantum error correction Shor code to protect the transmission of pre-shared entangled quantum bits;

[0101] In order to further improve the security and reliability of quantum teleportation, the present application adopts quantum error correction Shor code. Shor code applies error correction algorithm to detect and correct errors, ensuring the integrity of transmitted quantum information. The specific steps include:

[0102] S401, using 3 quantum bit flip codes and 3 quantum phase flip codes for basic quantum error correction;

[0103] S402, combining the two basic quantum error correction codes to construct a 9 quantum bit Shor code;

[0104] S403, simulating and analyzing the QBER performance of 9 quantum bit Shor code on the depolarization channel.

[0105] S5, using a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme, the entangled quantum bit pairs are verified by a trusted third party, and a secure and reliable quantum teleportation protocol is realized.

[0106] The security and reliability of the entangled quantum bit pairs are verified by a trusted third party using a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme. The QSDC scheme allows direct secure communication without the need for pre-shared keys. The specific steps include:

[0107] S501, a third party prepares n pairs of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs, half of the EPR pairs are transmitted to the transmitter, and the other half are transmitted to the receiver. Each of the n pairs of EPR pairs is prepared in the state

[0108] S502, prepare m pairs of virtual EPR pairs and insert them into the secret position of the original EPR quantum bit pairs. The state of the virtual EPR pairs is The virtual EPR pairs are used to detect eavesdroppers, and as the value of m increases, the protocol becomes more accurate;

[0109] S503, using Shor encoding, there are now n+m pairs of EPR pairs, which are encoded using Shor code, and a total of 9(n+m) pairs of quantum bits are generated;

[0110] S504, using Shor decoding, the corresponding Shor decoding process is implemented at the receiver, and after Shor decoding, the redundant quantum bit pairs are removed, and n+m quantum bits are restored at the receiver;

[0111] S505, the measurement of the decoded virtual quantum bits can be used to determine the severity of the eavesdropping that may occur. The position of the virtual quantum bits will be transmitted to the receiver.

[0112] S506, if the QBER of the virtual quantum bits is below a certain selected safety threshold, the quantum communication is considered safe;

[0113] When the QBER of the virtual quantum bits is below the threshold, the pre-shared n pairs of EPR quantum bits are considered safe, and then the decoded EPR pairs can be used for transmission. However, if the QBER of the virtual quantum bits is above the threshold, which indicates that the transmission has been intercepted, the entire transmission process should be discarded and the protocol should start from step 1.

[0114] S507, when the EPR pairs are safe and reliable, the transmission of information quantum bits based on classical measurement bits can continue.

[0115] Embodiment 1

[0116] The application uses the Qiskit quantum computing framework to simulate and verify the quantum teleportation protocol: the specific content of the quantum teleportation protocol is that Alice and Bob are far apart, they generate an EPR pair when they meet, the two qubits in the EPR pair are in an entangled state, and each takes away one qubit in the EPR pair, namely particle 2 and particle 3. Now Alice has a task to transmit a single qubit particle 1 to Bob. However, Alice does not know the state of the qubit, and can only send classical information to Bob. Then Alice makes particle 1 and the particle 2 she has interact with each other, and then measures the two qubits to get a classical bit, that is, one of the four results 00, 01, 10 and 11. Alice sends this classical information to Bob through a classical channel, and Bob performs one of the four corresponding operations on the particle 3 he holds, so that the state of particle 3 becomes the state of the original unknown particle. Thus, the teleportation of the quantum bit is realized. The application simulates the teleportation under ideal channel conditions with the help of an open source software development kit Qiskit. The first step is to generate a quantum bit with an arbitrary random state sai, which is represented as a point on the Bloch sphere, and then construct a quantum circuit to initialize the generated random state sai to the quantum bit 1, and an EPR source prepares a pair of entangled qubits, one of which is allocated to Bob and the other to Alice. In the quantum circuit, it is specifically realized by applying Hadamard gate and controlled non gate. The pair of entangled qubits is also called Bell state, Alice holds bell0, and Bob holds bell1. Alice applies CNOT gate and Hadamard gate to his two qubits. Then they are subjected to Bell measurement to obtain one of the four possible results: 00, 01, 10 and 11. She stores the two measurement results in two classical registers and sends them to Bob through a classical channel. Bob performs one of the four corresponding operations on the quantum bit 3 he holds, and the original sai information can be obtained. When the measurement result is 00, Bob does not need to perform any operation. When the measurement result is 01, the quantum state is corrected by X gate; when the measurement result is 10, the quantum state is corrected by Z gate; and when the measurement result is 11, the quantum state is corrected by X gate and then by Z gate.

[0117] Through this simulation verification, the working process of the quantum teleportation protocol can be intuitively displayed, and the effectiveness of the quantum teleportation protocol under ideal conditions can be verified.

[0118] Embodiment 2

[0119] The application adopts classical Turbo code to correct errors in the classical channel under the condition of classical Rayleigh channel. In the quantum teleportation protocol, only when the two classical bits are transmitted without error, the X gate and Z gate can be correctly enabled or disabled at the receiving end, thereby affecting whether the quantum bit is successfully transmitted. The error of a single classical bit and the simultaneous error of the two will only cause a single quantum error on the transmitted quantum bit. Therefore, the upper limit of QBER is twice the BER. According to the structural characteristics of Turbo code, it is divided into multiple functional modules, and a Turbo coding and decoding system is constructed by utilizing the modular design characteristics of MATLAB. The system will generate a bit stream according to the value of the classical register in the quantum teleportation, and call the corresponding subroutine to perform encoding, transmission and decoding operations. By introducing Turbo code in the classical channel, the QBER of the quantum teleportation protocol is improved.

[0120] Embodiment 3

[0121] The application considers the errors in the classical channel and the quantum channel at the same time. The depolarization error probability P eq is the probability of quantum error in the quantum channel during the transmission of quantum bits. If P eq = 10 -1 , it means that there is one damaged quantum bit in every ten pre-shared quantum bits at the receiving end. In order to more accurately quantify this phenomenon, the application defines the total number of transmitted pre-shared quantum bits as N q , and the total number of damaged transmitted quantum bits as On this basis, the quantum error rate of the quantum channel can be expressed as the following formula:

[0122]

[0123] When the quantum channel has no error, the QBER is about twice the BER. However, with the addition of the imperfect quantum channel, the upper bound of QBER can be represented by the following formula:

[0124] QBER≤2BER+P eq

[0125] This formula provides an upper limit, because in some cases, the errors of the classical channel and the quantum channel may cancel each other out, thereby reducing the actual observed error rate.

[0126] Embodiment 4

[0127] In order to improve the security and reliability of quantum teleportation, the application adopts quantum error correction Shor code. Shor code applies error correction algorithms to detect and correct errors, ensuring the integrity of the transmitted quantum information. The specific steps include:

[0128] 1. Using 3-qubit bit flip code and 3-qubit phase flip code for basic quantum error correction;

[0129] 2. Constructing 9-qubit Shor code by combining the two basic quantum error correction codes;

[0130] 3. Analyzing the QBER performance of 9-qubit Shor code over depolarizing channels through simulation.

[0131] This error correction technique enables quantum information to maintain high fidelity during long-distance transmission, ensuring the integrity and reliability of quantum information.

[0132] Example 5

[0133] EPR pairs are distributed by a trusted third party, and the qubits in each entangled pair are transmitted to the transmitter and receiver, respectively. In this way, the transmission protocol is applied at the transmitter without the need to know the location of the receiver. This adds a layer of security to the generation of entangled qubits and the transmission of EPR pairs. When entangled qubits are securely shared, quantum teleportation (QT) can be considered absolutely secure. This is because only when the eavesdropper possesses the transmitted qubits, the measurement results are advantageous to the eavesdropper. The introduction of a trusted third party means that QT can be used as a one-time password scheme, thus applied to secure quantum communication. Specifically, each pair of entangled qubits can be regarded as a one-time transmitted key. Once the security of the key is authenticated, the transmission process can be considered unconditionally secure.

[0134] However, even if the EPR pairs are transmitted by a trusted third party, there is still a risk that the qubits will be exploited by an eavesdropper. The security of the EPR pairs distributed through the quantum channel can be checked according to the properties of quantum entanglement. On the one hand, measuring any one qubit in the entangled pair will disturb the entangled state, ultimately resulting in an equivalent pure state. Therefore, if an eavesdropper intercepts the transmission of an EPR pair, it will be immediately detected. On the other hand, if an eavesdropper first intercepts any one qubit and re-sends it after performing some operations, the overall structure of the original entanglement will be changed. However, if the transmitted qubit and the receiving qubit in the EPR pair are measured and the results are compared, this attack can be detected.

[0135] For example, consider the transmission of an EPR pair where qubit A is retained at the transmitter and qubit B is transmitted to the receiver. If an eavesdropper prepares an identical EPR pair, i.e. and then captures qubit B, the system can be described as:

[0136]

[0137] where,

[0138]

[0139] The above formula shows that if the eavesdropper measures |BD 00 >, the other qubits are in the state |AC 00 >. Therefore, the original entangled state |AB 00 > is no longer valid, and the qubits |A> and |B> are no longer entangled. When the qubits are no longer entangled, their measurement results can no longer determine the measurement results of the other qubit. In other words, when an eavesdropper exists, the quantum bit error rate (QBER) will be very high, which can be used for secure quantum transmission.

[0140] The present application provides a secure and reliable quantum transmission scheme based on quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) and Shor coding assistance. Under the premise of ensuring the security of the pre-shared entangled qubit pair, the transmission process will be unconditionally secure, so the protocol only focuses on the security of the quantum channel. In addition, compared with the uncoded scheme, the Shor decoded entangled pair is more reliable.

[0141] Through the above specific embodiments, the method of the present application can realize secure and reliable quantum teleportation in the case of errors in both classical channels and quantum channels. By combining classical Turbo code, quantum error correction Shor code and quantum secure direct communication scheme, the noise resistance and transmission fidelity of quantum communication are effectively improved, and the security and reliability of quantum teleportation are ensured.

[0142] Those skilled in the art can understand that each aspect of the present application can be implemented as a system, a method or a program product. Therefore, each aspect of the present application can be specifically implemented as a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment (including firmware, microcode, etc.), or an embodiment combining hardware and software aspects, which can be collectively referred to as "circuitry", "module" or "platform" here.

[0143] In another embodiment of the present application, a quantum teleportation communication security enhancement system based on Turbo code is provided, which can be used to implement the above-mentioned quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method based on Turbo code. Specifically, the quantum teleportation communication security enhancement system based on Turbo code includes a verification module, a correction module, an analysis module, a transmission module and an output module.

[0144] The verification module performs simulation verification of the quantum teleportation protocol through the Qiskit quantum computing framework.

[0145] The correction module corrects the classical bit error in the classical channel by using the classical Turbo code.

[0146] An analysis module is configured to analyze the influence of classical channel error and quantum channel error on quantum error rate and error rate under conditions of a classical Rayleigh channel and a quantum depolarization channel.

[0147] A transmission module is configured to protect transmission of pre-shared entangled quantum bits by using quantum error correction Shor code.

[0148] An output module is configured to realize a secure and reliable quantum teleportation protocol by using a quantum secure direct communication scheme and verifying entangled quantum bit pairs through a trusted third party.

[0149] In another embodiment of the present application, a terminal device is provided, which comprises a processor and a memory, the memory is configured to store a computer program, the computer program comprises program instructions, and the processor is configured to execute the program instructions stored in the computer storage medium. The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), and can also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), ready-to-program gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing core and control core of the terminal, which is suitable for implementing one or more instructions, and is particularly suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions to realize corresponding method processes or corresponding functions. The processor in the embodiments of the present application can be used for the operation of the quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method based on Turbo code, including:

[0150] The simulation verification of the quantum teleportation protocol is performed through the Qiskit quantum computing framework, the classical bit error in the classical channel is corrected by using the classical Turbo code, the influence of the classical channel error and the quantum channel error on the quantum error rate and the error rate is analyzed under the conditions of the classical Rayleigh channel and the quantum depolarization channel, the transmission of the pre-shared entangled quantum bits is protected by using the quantum error correction Shor code, and the quantum teleportation protocol is realized by using the quantum secure direct communication scheme and verifying the entangled quantum bit pairs through the trusted third party.

[0151] In still another embodiment of the present application, a computer readable storage medium (Memory) is also provided, which is a memory device in the terminal equipment, used for storing programs and data. It can be understood that the computer readable storage medium here can include the built-in storage medium in the terminal equipment, and of course can also include the expansion storage medium supported by the terminal equipment, and can be any tangible medium containing or storing programs, which can be used by or in combination with the instruction execution system, device or apparatus. The computer readable storage medium provides a storage space, which stores the operating system of the terminal. Moreover, one or more instructions suitable for being loaded and executed by the processor are also stored in the storage space, which can be one or more computer programs (including program codes). It should be noted that more specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium here include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the above.

[0152] The computer readable storage medium also includes a data signal carried in the baseband or as a part of a carrier wave, in which the readable program code is borne. Such a propagated data signal can take any of a variety of forms, including but not limited to electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. The computer readable storage medium can also be any medium that can be read by the instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or any medium that can communicate or transfer a program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, device or apparatus. The program code contained in the computer readable storage medium can be transmitted by any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, optical fiber, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0153] The program code for carrying out operations of the present application can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C++, etc., and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code can execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device and partly on a remote computing device or entirely on the remote computing device or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computing device can be connected to the user's computing device through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection can be made to an external computing device, such as through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider.

[0154] The one or more instructions stored in the computer readable storage medium can be loaded and executed by the processor to implement the corresponding steps of the method for enhancing security of quantum teleportation communication based on Turbo code in the above embodiments; the one or more instructions stored in the computer readable storage medium are loaded and executed by the processor to implement the following steps:

[0155] The simulation verification of the quantum teleportation protocol is performed through the Qiskit quantum computing framework; the classical bit error in the classical channel is corrected by using the classical Turbo code; under the conditions of the classical Rayleigh channel and the quantum depolarization channel, the influence of the classical channel error and the quantum channel error on the quantum error rate and the error rate is analyzed; the transmission of the pre-shared entangled quantum bits is protected by using the quantum error correction Shor code; the entangled quantum bit pairs are verified by using the quantum secure direct communication scheme, so that the secure and reliable quantum teleportation protocol is realized.

[0156] Please refer to Figure 12 , the terminal device is a computer device, and the computer device 60 of the embodiment includes a processor 61, a memory 62, and a computer program 63 stored in the memory 62 and executable on the processor 61. When the computer program 63 is executed by the processor 61, the method for enhancing security of quantum teleportation communication based on Turbo code in the embodiment is implemented. To avoid repetition, details are not described here. Alternatively, when the computer program 63 is executed by the processor 61, the functions of each model / unit in the system for enhancing security of quantum teleportation communication based on Turbo code in the embodiment are implemented. To avoid repetition, details are not described here.

[0157] The computer device 60 can be a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, and a cloud server, etc. The computer device 60 can include, but is not limited to, a processor 61 and a memory 62. Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 12 The computer device 60 is only an example and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device 60, and can include more or fewer components than those shown, or combine certain components, or different components, for example, the computer device can also include an input / output device, a network access device, a bus, etc.

[0158] The processor 61 can be a central processing unit (CPU), and can also be other general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic components, quantum computing-based data processing logic components, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor.

[0159] The memory 62 can be an internal storage unit of the computer device 60, such as a hard disk or a memory of the computer device 60. The memory 62 can also be an external storage device of the computer device 60, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart media card (SMC), a secure digital (SD) card, a flash card, etc. equipped on the computer device 60.

[0160] Further, the memory 62 can include both an internal storage unit and an external storage device of the computer device 60. The memory 62 is used to store computer programs and other programs and data required by the computer device. The memory 62 can also be used to temporarily store data that has been output or will be output.

[0161] Any reference to storage, databases or other media used to store data in the embodiments provided herein is intended to include at least one of volatile and non-volatile storage. Non-volatile storage can include, for example, optical, floppy disks, hard disks, or solid state drives. Volatile storage can include, for example, random access memory (RAM). A basic input / output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within the electronic device, such as during startup, can typically be stored in non-volatile memory. By way of illustration, and not limitation, a basic input / output system based on the BIOS, can include a BIOS, a unified extensible firmware interface (UEFI), or the like, including without limitation basic input / output system software stored in nonvolatile memory that

[0162] The database referred to in the embodiments provided herein can include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database can include a distributed database based on a blockchain, without being limited thereto. The processor referred to in the embodiments provided herein can be a general processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, without being limited thereto.

[0163] See Figure 13 , the terminal device 600 is an electronic device, which is manifested in the form of a general computing device. The components of the electronic device can include, but are not limited to, at least one processing unit 610, at least one storage unit 620, a bus 630 connecting different platform components including the storage unit 620 and the processing unit 610, a display unit 640, and the like.

[0164] The storage unit stores program codes, which can be executed by the processing unit 610, so that the processing unit 610 performs the steps according to various exemplary embodiments of the present application described in the method part of the present specification. For example, the processing unit 610 can perform the steps as shown in Figure 1 .

[0165] The storage unit 620 can include a readable medium in the form of volatile storage such as random access memory (RAM) 6201 and / or cache memory 6202, and also can include a non-volatile storage such as read only memory (ROM) 6203.

[0166] The storage unit 620 also can include a program / utility 6204 having a set of programs / modules 6205, including an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which can implement aspects of a network environment, as each of these example or some combination thereof.

[0167] The bus 630 can represent one or more of several types of bus structures, including a storage bus or bus controller, a peripheral bus, a graphics bus, a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures.

[0168] The electronic device 600 also can communicate with one or more external devices 700 such as a keyboard or pointing device, a Bluetooth device, etc.; other devices that enable a user to interact with the electronic device 600; and / or one or more devices that enable the electronic device 600 to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication can be facilitated by an Input / Output (I / O) interface 650. Still yet, the electronic device 600 can communicate with one or more networks, such as a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and / or the Internet, through a network adapter 660. The network adapter 660 can communicate with the other modules of the electronic device 600 through the bus 630. As will be appreciated, while the hardware and software modules depicted in the figures can be shown to be connected by bus 630, the modules can be connected by any communication medium, including wire or wireless communication mediums, and the modules can be programs stored in the memory 620 and executed by the processing unit 610.

[0169] For the purpose of clarity, technical solutions and advantages of embodiments of the present application will be further described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present application, but only represents selected embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0170] The effects of this invention are further illustrated through simulation:

[0171] Please see Figure 1 The quantum circuit diagram of the quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method and system based on Turbo codes proposed in this invention includes a classical Rayleigh fading channel for the classical channel and a quantum depolarization channel for simulation of the quantum channel. The channel depolarization error probability is P. eq .

[0172] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 Based on the structural characteristics of the Turbo code system, it is divided into multiple functional modules, and a Turbo encoding and decoding system suitable for computer simulation is constructed using MATLAB modular design. The main modules of this system include: a main control program, an RSC encoding subroutine, a QPSK modulation and channel transmission and demodulation subroutine, and a SOVA decoding subroutine. The main control program is responsible for managing the overall system flow and initializing the system configuration, including setting the frame size, whether to encode or not, the generator matrix of component RSCs, whether to censor, the number of frames, the signal-to-noise ratio, the channel type, and the number of iterations. Then, based on this, the system generates a bitstream according to the classical register values ​​in quantum teleportation and calls the corresponding subroutines to perform encoding, transmission, and decoding operations.

[0173] Please see Figure 4 The performance of communication through an AWGN channel using an uncoded modulation scheme, with the horizontal axis representing "Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)" and the vertical axis representing "QBER / BER".

[0174] Depend on Figure 4 Simulation results show that the impact on QBER is consistent with the previously explained relationship, as given by the following formula:

[0175] QBER≤2BER

[0176] Please see Figure 5 The performance of the Turbo-coded QPSK modulation scheme when communicating through a Rayleigh fading channel is shown on the horizontal axis as "Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)" and the vertical axis as "QBER / BER".

[0177] Depend on Figure 5 Simulation results show that introducing Turbo codes into the classical channel can improve the QBER of the stealth transmission protocol.

[0178] Please see Figure 6 Turbo-coded 4PSK-assisted scheme for communication on Rayleigh fading channels exhibits various P... eqThe relationship between the value and the corresponding BER, with the horizontal axis representing "BER" and the vertical axis representing "QBER". The quantum channel depolarization probability is Peq = (10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 ,0), by Figure 6 Simulation results show that when P eq When the value is small, the QBER follows a trend of QBER ≤ 2BER. For example, when the quantum channel error probability is P... eq =10 -3 When BER is greater than 10 -3 When QBER is greater than 10, QBER satisfies QBER ≤ 2BER. -3 In the region where P is dominant, classical channel error is dominant. However, when P eq When the error rate is >BER, QBER will converge to P in the form of an error layer. eq This is because, according to the formula QBER ≤ 2BER + P, ... eq In this case, quantum error dominates QBER.

[0179] Please see Figure 7 When communicating over a Rayleigh fading channel, the QBER and SNR performance of the Turbo-coded 4PSK-assisted scheme are given, and the quantum channel depolarization probability is Peq = (10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 The x-axis represents the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the y-axis represents the QBER.

[0180] Depend on Figure 7 Simulation results show that the BER of the classic channel gradually decreases as the SNR increases. It can be noted that in the high SNR region, the QBER is lower than that of the P-channel. eq The error limit was reached, which is consistent with expectations.

[0181] Please see Figure 8 The Shor encoder structure employs CNOT and Hadamard gates for phase and bit-flip encoding. Three-qubit phase codes form the internal encoding unit, and bit-flip codes form the external encoding unit.

[0182] Please see Figure 9 The decoding circuit for Shor's code. Similar to the encoder, it is also a series connection of bit-flipping and phase-flipping error correction modules.

[0183] Please see Figure 10 The secure and reliable transmission protocol proposed in this invention is as follows:

[0184] (1) Preparation of n pairs of EPR qubits: These pairs of EPR qubits are prepared by a third party, then half of the EPR pairs will be transmitted to the transmitter, and the other half will be transmitted to the receiver. For this purpose, each of the n pairs of EPR pairs is prepared in the state

[0185] (2) Preparation of m pairs of virtual EPR pairs: These qubits will be inserted into the secret positions of the original EPR qubit pairs. The state of the virtual EPR pairs is The virtual EPR pairs are used to detect eavesdroppers, and as the value of m increases, the protocol becomes more accurate.

[0186] (3) Use of Shor encoding: Now there are n+m pairs of EPR pairs, which are encoded using a 1 / 9 rate Shor code, generating a total of 9(n+m) pairs of qubits.

[0187] (4) Shor decoding: The corresponding Shor decoding process is implemented at the receiver, and after Shor decoding, the redundant pairs of qubits are removed, and n+m qubits are recovered at the receiver.

[0188] (5) Measurement of m virtual qubits: The measurement of the decoded virtual qubits can be used to determine the severity of the eavesdropping that may have occurred. The positions of the virtual qubits will be transmitted to the receiver. These qubits are measured at the receiver, and the results are returned to the transmitter. If there is no eavesdropper in the quantum channel, the results obtained by the receiver should be opposite to those of the transmitter, because the virtual qubits are in the state (when the quantum channel is error-free).

[0189] (6) Evaluation of the security error rate: If the QBER of the virtual qubits is below a certain selected security threshold, the quantum communication is considered secure. When the QBER of the virtual qubits is below the threshold, the pre-shared n pairs of EPR qubits are considered secure, and then the decoded EPR pairs can be used for transmission. However, if the QBER of the virtual qubits is above the threshold, which indicates that the transmission has been intercepted, the entire transmission process should be discarded, and the protocol should start again from step 1.

[0190] (7) Transmission of information qubits: When the EPR pairs are secure and reliable, the transmission of information qubits can be carried out based on the classical measurement bits as described earlier.

[0191] Please refer to Figure 11 , Figure 10 Step (6) of the above-mentioned document requires a security error rate threshold to compare with the error rate of the virtual qubits to determine whether there is an eavesdropper during the transmission of the qubits. This must be determined with the help of Shor code. The security error rate can be determined from Figure 11The horizontal axis is "P e The vertical axis is "corresponding error rate after applying Shor decoding (denoted as P e (Shor)").

[0192] By Figure 11 Simulation results show that, in the absence of eavesdroppers, the depolarization probability of the channel is P e =0.005. It can be reasonably assumed that eavesdroppers will increase the depolarization probability of the channel by at least 10% of the error, which will make the overall channel plus eavesdroppers depolarization probability reach P e >0.105. From Figure 11 It can be seen that, after applying Shor code, for example, when P e =0.005, the corresponding P e (Shor) =1x10 -4 , and when P e >0.105, the corresponding P e (Shor)>0.1213. Therefore, in the absence of Shor code, when the quantum channel has a high depolarization error probability, the 10% additional error introduced by eavesdroppers may be difficult to detect. However, with the help of Shor code, the difference in QBER between the presence and absence of eavesdroppers is significantly increased, P e (Shor) =1x10 -4 corresponds to no eavesdroppers and P e (Shor)>0.1213 corresponds to eavesdroppers. In other words, using Shor code will make it easier to detect eavesdroppers. When there is no eavesdropper, the reliability of the pre-shared quantum bits is also significantly improved from P e =0.005 to P e (Shor) =1x10 -4 .

[0193] In summary, the quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method and system based on Turbo code of the present application, the quantum teleportation communication security enhancement method and system based on Turbo code of the present application, considering the double-channel system of classical channel and quantum channel, both classical Turbo code and quantum error correction Shor code can be used to improve the reliability of the teleportation scheme.

[0194] More specifically, when using Shor code, the overall QBER of the transmitted quantum bits is rewritten as:

[0195] QBER = 2BER + P e (Shor)

[0196] where P eQBER of the pre-shared quantum bits transmitted over the quantum channel with Shor code assistance.

[0197] If the BER is controlled at a relatively low level by classical Turbo code, the QBER error floor can be reached at a lower SNR in the classical channel, as Figure 7 shown. As Figure 6 shown, in order to reach a QBER close to 10 -4 , the corresponding BER must also be close to 10 -4 . Figure 7 It is shown that this condition can be satisfied when SNR > 8dB. In addition, by implementing Shor, when the depolarization probability P e = 0.005, P e (Shor) = 1 x 10 -4 , the higher the reliability and security of the transmission system.

[0198] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, only the above-mentioned division of each functional unit and module is exemplified, and in actual application, the above-mentioned functions can be completed by different functional units and modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure of the device is divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. Each functional unit and module in the embodiment can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can be physically present separately, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be realized in the form of hardware or software. In addition, the specific names of each functional unit and module are only for easy distinction, and do not limit the protection scope of the present application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can refer to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0199] In the above embodiments, the description of each embodiment has its own emphasis, and the parts not described or recorded in detail in a certain embodiment can be referred to the relevant description of other embodiments.

[0200] Those of ordinary skill in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in combination with the embodiments disclosed in the present application can be realized by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are executed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional technicians can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of the present application.

[0201] In the embodiments of the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus / terminal and method can be implemented in other manners. For example, the embodiments of the apparatus / terminal described above are merely schematic, and the division of the modules or units is merely logical function division, and there can be another division manner in actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections between different units, can be indirect couplings or communication connections through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be electrical, mechanical or in other forms.

[0202] The units described as separate components can or can not be physically separate, and the components shown as units can or can not be physical units, i.e., can be located in one place, or can be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiments.

[0203] In addition, each functional unit in the various embodiments of the present application can be integrated into a processing unit, or each unit can be a physically independent unit, or two or more units can be integrated into a unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional unit.

[0204] The integrated module / unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, all or part of the flow of the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by a computer program instructing related hardware, and the computer program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of each method embodiment described above can be implemented. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer readable medium can include any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, U disk, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium, etc. It should be noted that the computer readable medium can include appropriate contents according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction, for example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, the computer readable medium does not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0205] The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks Figure 1 means for functionally implementing the steps in one or more flow or blocks

[0206] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instructions which implement the function specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks Figure 1 means for functionally implementing the steps in one or more flow or blocks

[0207] The computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. Figure 1 one or more flow or blocks Figure 1 means for functionally implementing the steps in one or more flow or blocks

[0208] The above merely provides the technical idea of the present application and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modification made according to the technical idea of the present application on the basis of the technical solutions falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for enhancing the security of quantum teleportation communication based on Turbo codes, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, simulation verification of quantum teleportation protocol is performed through Qiskit quantum computing framework; S2, classical Turbo code is used to correct classical bit error in classical channel; S3, under the conditions of classical Rayleigh channel and quantum depolarization channel, the influence of classical channel error and quantum channel error on quantum error rate and error rate is analyzed; S4, quantum error correction Shor code is used to protect the transmission of pre-shared entangled quantum bits, specifically: S401, 3 quantum bit flip code and 3 quantum bit phase flip code are used for basic quantum error correction; S402, 9 quantum bit Shor code is constructed by combining the two basic quantum error correction codes obtained in step S401; S403, the QBER performance of 9 quantum bit Shor code on the depolarization channel is simulated and analyzed; S5, a quantum secure direct communication scheme is used to verify the entangled quantum bit pairs through a trusted third party, so as to realize a safe and reliable quantum teleportation protocol, specifically: S501, the third party prepares n pairs of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs, half of the EPR pairs are transmitted to the transmitter, and the other half are transmitted to the receiver; S502, m pairs of virtual EPR pairs are prepared and inserted into the secret position of the original EPR quantum bit pairs; S503, Shor coding is used, now there are n + m pairs of EPR pairs, which are encoded using Shor code, a total of 9(n + m) pairs of quantum bits are generated; S504, Shor decoding is used, the corresponding Shor decoding process is implemented at the receiver, after Shor decoding, the redundant quantum bit pairs are removed, and n + m quantum bits are restored at the receiver; S505, the measurement of the decoded virtual quantum bits can be used to determine the severity of the possible eavesdropping, and the position of the virtual quantum bits will be transmitted to the receiver; S506, if the QBER of the virtual quantum bits is lower than a selected safety threshold, the quantum communication is considered to be safe; S507, when the EPR pairs are safe and reliable, the transmission of information quantum bits based on classical measurement bits can be continued.

2. The method for enhancing the security of quantum teleportation communication based on Turbo codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 specifically comprises: S201, the input information sequence is assigned to two parallel recursive systematic convolutional encoders; S202, the input data sequence is pseudo-randomly rearranged through an interleaver to obtain an interleaved data sequence; S203, the second RSC encoder encodes the interleaved data sequence to generate a check bit sequence; S204, the generated check bits are selectively deleted by a puncturer to reduce redundant data; S205, the systematic bits and the punctured check bits are multiplexed to finally generate a Turbo code sequence; S206, the received signal is decoded using a soft decision method to calculate the confidence of each bit; S207, an iterative decoding method is used to decode through two soft-input soft-output decoders and corresponding interleavers / deinterleavers; S208, a soft decision decoding is performed using a soft output Viterbi algorithm.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method is based on a Turbo code. In the two parallel recursive system convolutional encoders, one RSC encoder encodes the original input data sequence to generate a check bit sequence.

4. The method for enhancing the security of quantum teleportation communication based on Turbo codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 is specifically: S301, using a depolarizing channel model to simulate an imperfect quantum channel, analyzing the influence of its error on the quantum error rate and the error rate; S302, respectively analyzing the influence of the classical channel error and the quantum channel error on the quantum error rate when one of them dominates, and verifying the effect of quantum teleportation under different channel conditions through simulation.

5. The method for enhancing the security of quantum teleportation communication based on Turbo codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S501, each of the n pairs of EPR pairs is prepared in the state .

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is a method of enhancing security of quantum teleportation communication based on Turbo codes, and the method comprises: In step S502, the state of the virtual EPR pair is , the virtual EPR pair is used to detect an eavesdropper.

7. The method for enhancing the security of quantum teleportation communication based on Turbo codes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S506, when the QBER of the virtual quantum bit is lower than the threshold value, the pre-shared n pairs of EPR quantum bits are safe, and the decoded EPR pairs are used for transmission. If the QBER of the virtual quantum bit is higher than the threshold value, the transmission has been intercepted, and the entire transmission process is discarded, and step S501 is restarted.

8. A quantum teleportation communication security enhancement system based on Turbo code, characterized in that, It includes: A verification module simulates and verifies the quantum teleportation protocol through the Qiskit quantum computing framework; A correction module corrects the classical bit error in the classical channel using a classical Turbo code; An analysis module analyzes the influence of classical channel error and quantum channel error on quantum error rate and error rate under classical Rayleigh channel and quantum depolarizing channel conditions; A transmission module uses quantum error correction Shor code to protect the transmission of pre-shared entangled quantum bits, specifically: Using 3 quantum bit flip codes and 3 quantum bit phase flip codes for basic quantum error correction; combining the two basic quantum error correction codes to construct a 9 quantum bit Shor code; and simulating and analyzing the QBER performance of the 9 quantum bit Shor code on the depolarizing channel; An output module uses a quantum secure direct communication scheme to verify the entangled quantum bit pairs through a trusted third party, and realizes a safe and reliable quantum teleportation protocol, specifically: The third party prepares n pairs of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs, half of which are transmitted to the transmitter, and the other half are transmitted to the receiver; Prepare m pairs of virtual EPR pairs and insert them into the secret position of the original EPR quantum bit pairs; Using Shor encoding, there are now n+m pairs of EPR pairs, which are encoded using Shor code, generating a total of 9(n+m) pairs of quantum bits; Using Shor decoding, the corresponding Shor decoding process is implemented at the receiver, and after Shor decoding, the redundant quantum bit pairs are removed, and n+m quantum bits are restored at the receiver; The measurement of the decoded virtual quantum bits can be used to determine the severity of possible eavesdropping, and the position of the virtual quantum bits will be transmitted to the receiver; If the QBER of the virtual quantum bit is lower than a certain selected safety threshold, the quantum communication is considered safe; When the EPR pairs are safe and reliable, information quantum bit transmission can continue based on classical measurement bits.

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