Preparation method of floating type foamed aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a floating type foamed aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) forming a polyaniline compound layer modified by 2-propenyl acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide on the surface of a foamed aluminum matrix; (2) loading neodymium oxide on the graphdiyne nanosheets; and (3) inlaying a graphdiyne nanosheet loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer through an electrodeposition method to obtain the foamed aluminum-based composite material. The foamed aluminum-based composite material prepared by the method disclosed by the invention has excellent photothermal effect, outstanding seawater evaporation rate and excellent reuse stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination treatment, in particular to a method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination. Background Art

[0002] 97% of the earth's water resources are seawater, freshwater resources account for about 3% of the total water resources, and terrestrial freshwater resources account for 2.5% of the total water resources. Therefore, the available freshwater resources are difficult to meet the needs of human development. Using seawater desalination to produce fresh water can increase the total supply of fresh water and solve the problem of lack of fresh water resources. Current seawater desalination technologies include reverse osmosis, flash evaporation, distillation, freezing and ion exchange. The reverse osmosis method has high operating costs and the quality of the fresh water obtained is low; the flash evaporation method, distillation method and freezing method have high energy consumption; the ion exchange method requires the use of a large amount of chemical reagents, which will cause secondary pollution; these problems limit the large-scale commercial industrial production of the above-mentioned seawater desalination processes.

[0003] The photothermal effect of light-absorbing materials can be used to evaporate seawater, without the need for additional energy, and is an effective way to desalinate seawater. Compared with submerged light-absorbing materials that are immersed in water, floating light-absorbing materials that float on the surface of water have less heat transfer losses, can achieve local rapid temperature rise at the water interface and improve water evaporation efficiency. However, in the field of seawater desalination, the photothermal effect of existing floating light-absorbing materials is not ideal, and the seawater evaporation rate needs to be improved. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination. The foam aluminum-based composite material prepared by this method has excellent photothermal effect, outstanding seawater evaporation rate and excellent repeated use stability.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step [1] forming a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate;

[0008] Step [2] loading neodymium oxide on the graphyne nanosheets;

[0009] Step [3] embedding the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer by electrodeposition to obtain the foamed aluminum-based composite material.

[0010] Preferably, the step [1] specifically includes the following operations:

[0011] a1. Toluene, urea, 2-propylene acrylic acid, perbenzoic acid and 2-butyl ketone peroxide are added to ethanol and mixed to form a construction liquid; the foam aluminum sample is immersed in the construction liquid, heated to 50-70° C., and reacted for 8-14 hours to construct a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid on the surface of the foam aluminum substrate, and obtain a foam aluminum having a SA-PANI layer, which is recorded as intermediate A;

[0012] a2. Add 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, praseodymium trioxide, aminosulfonic acid and sodium thiosulfate to deionized water and mix to form a praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution; immerse the intermediate A in the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution and react at room temperature for 18-24 hours to obtain a foamed aluminum having a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide formed on the surface, which is recorded as intermediate B.

[0013] Preferably, in step a1, the toluene concentration in the construction liquid is 130 mL / L-160 mL / L, the urea concentration is 180 g / L-220 g / L, the 2-propylene acrylic acid concentration is 90 g / L-110 g / L, the perbenzoic acid concentration is 30 g / L-50 g / L, and the 2-methyl peroxide concentration is 40 mL / L-80 mL / L; the weight of the foamed aluminum immersed in each liter of the construction liquid is 80-150 g.

[0014] Preferably, in step a2, the amount of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid added per liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 20mL-40mL, the amount of praseodymium trioxide added is 140g-170g, the amount of aminosulfonic acid added is 30g-45g, and the amount of sodium thiosulfate added is 60g-100g; the weight of the intermediate A immersed in each liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 60-110g.

[0015] Preferably, the step [2] specifically includes the following operations:

[0016] b1. Add neodymium sulfate, aminosulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and graphyne nanosheets to deionized water and mix to form a suspension; ultrasonically disperse for 1-2 hours to evenly disperse the graphyne nanosheets, then heat in a water bath at 60°C-80°C for 2-4 hours, filter the solid phase, and dry at room temperature for 12-15 hours to obtain a graphyne nanosheet solid phase impregnated with neodymium ions;

[0017] b2. Place the Graphene nanosheet solid phase into an atmosphere furnace, continuously introduce carbon dioxide gas, raise the furnace temperature to 400°C-550°C at a heating rate of 4°C / min-8°C / min, and then keep the temperature for 1.5 to 2.5 hours to obtain Graphene nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide.

[0018] Preferably, in step b1, the concentration of neodymium sulfate in the suspension is 40 g / L-70 g / L, the concentration of aminosulfonic acid is 50 g / L-90 g / L, the concentration of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is 70 mL / L-90 mL / L, and the concentration of graphyne nanosheets is 160 g / L-190 g / L.

[0019] Preferably, in step b2, the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas introduced into the atmosphere furnace is 0.5 L / min-1.5 L / min.

[0020] Preferably, the step [3] specifically includes the following operations:

[0021] c1. Add polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, and graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide to ethanol and ultrasonically disperse for 20min-40min to form an electrodeposition embedding solution;

[0022] c2. Immerse the intermediate B in the electrodeposition embedding solution and use it as the cathode, use stainless steel as the anode, and perform electrodeposition at a constant voltage of 50 to 90 V for 5 to 10 minutes at room temperature to embed the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer, and finally obtain the foam aluminum-based composite material.

[0023] Preferably, in the electrodeposition embedding solution in step c1, the concentration of polyvinyl pyrrolidone is 50 g / L-80 g / L, the concentration of polyethyleneimine is 130 mL / L-160 mL / L, and the concentration of graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide is 110 g / L-150 g / L.

[0024] Preferably, in step c2, the weight of the intermediate B immersed in each liter of the electrodeposition embedding solution is 110-130 g.

[0025] The positive effects of the present invention are as follows: the aluminum foam composite material prepared by the method according to the present invention (schematic structure as shown in FIG. Figure 2The structural characteristics are as follows: with aluminum foam as the matrix skeleton material, polyaniline (SA / Pr2O2S-PANI) modified with 2-acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide is synthesized and constructed on the surface of the aluminum foam matrix, and at the same time, graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide are embedded in the SA / Pr2O2S-PANI layer, and neodymium oxide is uniformly dispersed on the surface of the graphyne nanosheets; wherein, the hydrogen ions and anions of 2-acrylic acid are respectively combined with the nitrogen atoms of the reduction unit and the oxidation unit on the main chain of polyaniline (PANI), and the oxygen and sulfur ions of praseodymium oxysulfide (Pr2O2S) are combined with the nitrogen atoms of the oxidation unit on the main chain of polyaniline (PANI), and these combined electrons are distributed in the π bond orbital of the entire polyaniline molecular chain. Based on the above structural characteristics, the low-density foam aluminum matrix can make the prepared foam aluminum-based composite material float on the surface of the water body to facilitate the photothermal effect, and the porous structure of the foam aluminum matrix can realize the transmission of water in the photothermal process; at the same time, polyaniline has excellent light absorption and photothermal conversion performance caused by molecular thermal vibration in the solar spectrum range; in addition, the hydrogen bond formed between 2-propylene acrylic acid and seawater is beneficial to the heat transfer process, thereby improving the heat transfer rate of the foam aluminum-based composite material to seawater, and the modification of polyaniline with praseodymium oxysulfide increases the rough morphological structure of the foam aluminum-based composite material and improves its light absorption degree; Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon material with unique sp, sp2, and sp3 hybrid states, can produce π orbital transitions during light absorption and has good light absorption performance, and both neodymium oxide and praseodymium oxysulfide have the generation and relaxation of electron-hole pairs and plasma effects, thereby promoting the photothermal effect of the foam aluminum-based composite material during the illumination process in many aspects.

[0026] In summary, the foamed aluminum-based composite material prepared according to the present invention has excellent photothermal effect, outstanding seawater evaporation rate and excellent repeated use stability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the foamed aluminum-based composite material of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the foamed aluminum-based composite material of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide modified polyaniline (SA / Pr2O2S-PANI) according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a comparison diagram of the photothermal temperature of materials in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention under simulated sunlight;

[0031] Figure 5Comparison of the photothermal evaporation of simulated seawater under simulated sunlight of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 It is a relationship diagram between the number of uses of Inventive Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 and the photothermal temperature of the material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Reference Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination, comprising the following steps:

[0034] Step [1] forms a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0035] a1. Toluene, urea, 2-propylene acrylic acid, perbenzoic acid and 2-butyl ketone peroxide are added to ethanol and mixed to form a construction solution having a toluene concentration of 130 mL / L-160 mL / L, a urea concentration of 180 g / L-220 g / L, a 2-propylene acrylic acid concentration of 90 g / L-110 g / L, a perbenzoic acid concentration of 30 g / L-50 g / L, and a 2-butyl ketone peroxide concentration of 40 mL / L-80 mL / L; the foamed aluminum sample is immersed in the construction solution (the weight of the foamed aluminum immersed in each liter of the construction solution is 80-150 g), heated to 50-70° C., and reacted for 8-14 hours to construct a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate, and obtain a foamed aluminum having a SA-PANI layer, which is recorded as intermediate A;

[0036] a2. Add 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, praseodymium trioxide, aminosulfonic acid and sodium thiosulfate to deionized water and mix to form a praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution, wherein the amount of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid added per liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 20mL-40mL, the amount of praseodymium trioxide added is 140g-170g, the amount of aminosulfonic acid added is 30g-45g, and the amount of sodium thiosulfate added is 60g-100g; immerse the intermediate A in the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution (the weight of the intermediate A immersed in each liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 60-110g), react at room temperature for 18-24 hours, and obtain a foamed aluminum having a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide formed on the surface, which is recorded as intermediate B.

[0037] Step [2] loading neodymium oxide on the graphyne nanosheets specifically comprises the following operations:

[0038] b1. Adding neodymium sulfate, aminosulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and graphyne nanosheets to deionized water, mixing to form a suspension having a neodymium sulfate concentration of 40 g / L-70 g / L, an aminosulfonic acid concentration of 50 g / L-90 g / L, a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid concentration of 70 mL / L-90 mL / L, and a graphyne nanosheet concentration of 160 g / L-190 g / L; ultrasonic dispersion for 1-2 hours to uniformly disperse the graphyne nanosheets, then heat in a water bath at 60 ° C-80 ° C for 2-4 hours, filter the solid phase, and dry at room temperature for 12-15 hours to obtain a graphyne nanosheet solid phase impregnated with neodymium ions;

[0039] b2. Place the graphyne nanosheet solid phase into an atmosphere furnace, continuously introduce carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere furnace at a flow rate of 0.5L / min-1.5L / min, raise the furnace temperature to 400℃-550℃ at a heating rate of 4℃ / min-8℃ / min, and keep it warm for 1.5 to 2.5 hours to obtain graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide.

[0040] Step [3] embedding the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer by electrodeposition, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0041] c1. Add polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, and graphene nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide to ethanol and ultrasonically disperse for 20min-40min to form an electrodeposition inlay solution having a polyvinyl pyrrolidone concentration of 50g / L-80g / L, a polyethyleneimine concentration of 130mL / L-160mL / L, and a graphene nanosheet loaded with neodymium oxide at a concentration of 110g / L-150g / L;

[0042] c2. The intermediate B is immersed in the electrodeposition embedding solution and used as a cathode (the weight of the intermediate B immersed in each liter of the electrodeposition embedding solution is 110-130 g), stainless steel is used as an anode, and electrodeposition is performed at a constant voltage of 50-90 V at room temperature for 5-10 minutes to embed the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer, and finally the foam aluminum-based composite material is obtained.

[0043] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below by way of example.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] Preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination, comprising the following steps:

[0046] Step [1] forms a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0047] a1. Toluene, urea, 2-propylene acrylic acid, perbenzoic acid and 2-butyl ketone peroxide are added to ethanol and mixed to form a construction solution with a toluene concentration of 150 mL / L, a urea concentration of 200 g / L, a 2-propylene acrylic acid concentration of 100 g / L, a perbenzoic acid concentration of 40 g / L, and a 2-butyl ketone peroxide concentration of 70 mL / L; the foamed aluminum sample is immersed in the construction solution (the weight of the foamed aluminum immersed in each liter of the construction solution is 130 g), heated to 65° C., and reacted for 11 hours to construct a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate, and obtain a foamed aluminum having a SA-PANI layer, which is recorded as intermediate A;

[0048] a2. Add 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, praseodymium trioxide, aminosulfonic acid and sodium thiosulfate to deionized water and mix to form a praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution, wherein the amount of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid added per liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 35 mL, the amount of praseodymium trioxide added is 165 g, the amount of aminosulfonic acid added is 40 g, and the amount of sodium thiosulfate added is 95 g; immerse the intermediate A in the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution (the weight of the intermediate A immersed in each liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 105 g), react at room temperature for 20 hours, and obtain a foamed aluminum having a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide formed on the surface, which is recorded as intermediate B.

[0049] Step [2] loading neodymium oxide on the graphyne nanosheets specifically comprises the following operations:

[0050] b1. Add neodymium sulfate, aminosulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and graphyne nanosheets to deionized water to form a suspension having a neodymium sulfate concentration of 60 g / L, an aminosulfonic acid concentration of 80 g / L, a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid concentration of 75 mL / L and a graphyne nanosheet concentration of 180 g / L; ultrasonic dispersion for 1 hour to uniformly disperse the graphyne nanosheets, and then heat in a 70 ° C water bath for 3 hours, filter the solid phase, and dry at room temperature for 13 hours to obtain a graphyne nanosheet solid phase impregnated with neodymium ions;

[0051] b2. Place the graphyne nanosheet solid phase into an atmosphere furnace, continuously introduce carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere furnace at a flow rate of 1.0 L / min, raise the furnace temperature to 500°C at a heating rate of 6°C / min and keep it warm for 2 hours to obtain graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide.

[0052] Step [3] embedding the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer by electrodeposition, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0053] c1. Add polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, and graphene nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide to ethanol and ultrasonically disperse for 30 min to form a polyvinyl pyrrolidone concentration of 60 g / L, a polyethyleneimine concentration of 140 mL / L, and a graphene nanosheet loaded with neodymium oxide at a concentration of 120 g / L of an electrodeposition inlay solution;

[0054] c2. The intermediate B is immersed in the electrodeposition embedding solution and used as a cathode (the weight of the intermediate B immersed in each liter of the electrodeposition embedding solution is 120 g), and stainless steel is used as an anode. Electrodeposition is performed at a constant voltage of 80 V at room temperature for 8 minutes to embed the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer, and finally the foam aluminum-based composite material is obtained, which is recorded as Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 1

[0056] This comparative example 1 provides a method for preparing a floating aluminum foam-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0057] Step [1] forms a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0058] a1. Toluene, urea, 2-propylene acrylic acid, perbenzoic acid and 2-butyl ketone peroxide are added to ethanol and mixed to form a construction solution with a toluene concentration of 140 mL / L, a urea concentration of 200 g / L, a 2-propylene acrylic acid concentration of 100 g / L, a perbenzoic acid concentration of 40 g / L, and a 2-butyl ketone peroxide concentration of 50 mL / L; an aluminum foam sample is immersed in the construction solution (the weight of the aluminum foam immersed in each liter of the construction solution is 100 g), heated to 60° C., and reacted for 10 hours to construct a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid on the surface of the aluminum foam substrate, and obtain an aluminum foam having a SA-PANI layer, which is recorded as intermediate A;

[0059] a2. Add 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, praseodymium trioxide, aminosulfonic acid and sodium thiosulfate to deionized water and mix to form a praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution, wherein the amount of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid added per liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 30 mL, the amount of praseodymium trioxide added is 150 g, the amount of aminosulfonic acid added is 35 g, and the amount of sodium thiosulfate added is 70 g; immerse the intermediate A in the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution (the weight of the intermediate A immersed in each liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 70 g), react at room temperature for 20 hours, and obtain a foamed aluminum having a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide formed on the surface, which is recorded as intermediate B.

[0060] Step [2] embedding the Graphene nanosheets on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer by electrodeposition, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0061] b1. Add polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, and graphene nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide to ethanol and ultrasonically disperse for 30 min to form a polyvinyl pyrrolidone concentration of 60 g / L, a polyethyleneimine concentration of 140 mL / L, and a graphene nanosheet concentration of 120 g / L of an electrodeposition inlay solution;

[0062] b2. The intermediate B is immersed in the electrodeposition embedding solution and used as a cathode (the weight of the intermediate B immersed in each liter of the electrodeposition embedding solution is 120 g), and stainless steel is used as an anode. Electrodeposition is performed at a constant voltage of 70 V at room temperature for 6 minutes to embed graphyne nanosheets on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer, and finally the foam aluminum-based composite material is obtained, which is recorded as Comparative Example 1.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] This comparative example 2 provides a method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material, comprising the step of forming a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide on the surface of a foam aluminum substrate, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0065] a1. Toluene, urea, 2-propylene acrylic acid, perbenzoic acid and 2-butyl ketone peroxide are added to ethanol and mixed to form a construction solution with a toluene concentration of 150 mL / L, a urea concentration of 200 g / L, a 2-propylene acrylic acid concentration of 100 g / L, a perbenzoic acid concentration of 45 g / L, and a 2-butyl ketone peroxide concentration of 70 mL / L; an aluminum foam sample is immersed in the construction solution (the weight of the aluminum foam immersed in each liter of the construction solution is 130 g), heated to 60° C., and reacted for 12 hours to construct a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid on the surface of the aluminum foam substrate, and obtain an aluminum foam having a SA-PANI layer, which is recorded as intermediate A;

[0066] a2. Add 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, praseodymium trioxide, aminosulfonic acid and sodium thiosulfate to deionized water and mix to form a praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution, wherein the amount of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid added per liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 35 mL, the amount of praseodymium trioxide added is 160 g, the amount of aminosulfonic acid added is 40 g, and the amount of sodium thiosulfate added is 90 g; immerse the intermediate A in the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution (the weight of the intermediate A immersed in each liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 100 g), react at room temperature for 22 hours, and obtain a foamed aluminum having a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide formed on the surface, which is the foamed aluminum-based composite material, recorded as Comparative Example 2.

[0067] In order to analyze the photothermal performance, seawater evaporation rate and reusability of seawater desalination in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, 0.5 mol / L sodium chloride solution was prepared with deionized water as simulated seawater, and a xenon lamp light source was used to simulate 1 kW / m 2 100 ml of simulated seawater was poured into three beakers respectively, and 20 g of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were placed into the beakers respectively, and all of them floated on the surface of the simulated seawater. A xenon lamp light source was used to simulate the above-mentioned solar illumination conditions. The beakers were placed on an electronic balance, and the change in the mass of the simulated seawater during the illumination process was weighed. The temperature of the materials of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 during the illumination process was measured with an infrared thermal imager.

[0068] The photothermal temperature of the materials in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 after 50 minutes of irradiation is shown in the figure below: Figure 4 As shown, the results show that Example 1 has better photothermal effect performance than Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Its temperature reaches a stable temperature of about 124°C after about 20 minutes of illumination, which is significantly higher than the maximum temperature of 82°C in Comparative Example 1 and the maximum temperature of 55°C in Comparative Example 2.

[0069] The results of photothermal evaporation of simulated seawater after 120 minutes of illumination are as follows Figure 5 As shown, the results show that the photothermal effect of Example 1 makes the evaporation of simulated seawater reach 85g, while the evaporation of simulated seawater in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 is only 49g and 27g, respectively.

[0070] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the relationship between the number of uses of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 in 100 ml of simulated seawater (120 minutes of illumination each time) and the photothermal temperature of the material. It can be seen from the graph that after 15 uses, Example 1 is still able to maintain good photothermal performance, while the photothermal performance of Comparative Examples 1 and Comparative Examples 2 deteriorates significantly with the increase in the number of uses.

[0071] In summary, the foamed aluminum-based composite material prepared according to the present invention has excellent photothermal effect, outstanding seawater evaporation rate and excellent repeated use stability.

[0072] To illustrate in further detail, three additional examples are provided below.

[0073] Example 2

[0074] Preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination, comprising the following steps:

[0075] Step [1] forms a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0076] a1. Toluene, urea, 2-propylene acrylic acid, perbenzoic acid and 2-butyl ketone peroxide were added to ethanol to form a construction solution with a toluene concentration of 130 mL / L, a urea concentration of 180 g / L, a 2-propylene acrylic acid concentration of 110 g / L, a perbenzoic acid concentration of 30 g / L, and a 2-butyl ketone peroxide concentration of 40 mL / L; the foamed aluminum sample was immersed in the construction solution (the weight of the foamed aluminum immersed in each liter of the construction solution was 80 g), heated to 70° C., and reacted for 8 hours to construct a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate, and a foamed aluminum having a SA-PANI layer was obtained, which was recorded as intermediate A;

[0077] a2. Add 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, praseodymium trioxide, aminosulfonic acid and sodium thiosulfate to deionized water and mix to form a praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution, wherein the amount of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid added per liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 20 mL, the amount of praseodymium trioxide added is 140 g, the amount of aminosulfonic acid added is 45 g, and the amount of sodium thiosulfate added is 60 g; immerse the intermediate A in the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution (the weight of the intermediate A immersed in each liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 60 g), react at room temperature for 18 hours, and obtain a foamed aluminum having a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide formed on the surface, which is recorded as intermediate B.

[0078] Step [2] loading neodymium oxide on the graphyne nanosheets specifically comprises the following operations:

[0079] b1. Add neodymium sulfate, aminosulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and graphyne nanosheets to deionized water to form a suspension having a neodymium sulfate concentration of 40 g / L, an aminosulfonic acid concentration of 50 g / L, a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid concentration of 90 mL / L and a graphyne nanosheet concentration of 190 g / L; ultrasonic dispersion for 2 hours to uniformly disperse the graphyne nanosheets, and then heat in a water bath at 80 ° C for 2 hours, filter the solid phase, and dry at room temperature for 15 hours to obtain a graphyne nanosheet solid phase impregnated with neodymium ions;

[0080] b2. The Graphene nanosheet solid phase is placed in an atmosphere furnace, and carbon dioxide gas is continuously introduced into the atmosphere furnace at a flow rate of 0.5 L / min. The furnace temperature is raised to 400°C at a heating rate of 4°C / min and then kept at this temperature for 2.5 hours to obtain Graphene nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide.

[0081] Step [3] embedding the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer by electrodeposition, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0082] c1. Add polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, and Graphene nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide to ethanol and ultrasonically disperse for 20 min to form a polyvinyl pyrrolidone concentration of 50 g / L, a polyethyleneimine concentration of 160 mL / L, and a graphene nanosheet loaded with neodymium oxide at a concentration of 110 g / L of an electrodeposition inlay solution;

[0083] c2. The intermediate B is immersed in the electrodeposition embedding solution and used as the cathode (the weight of the intermediate B immersed in each liter of the electrodeposition embedding solution is 110 g), stainless steel is used as the anode, and electrodeposition is performed at a constant voltage of 50 V at room temperature for 10 minutes to embed the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer, and finally the foam aluminum-based composite material is obtained.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] Preferred embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination, comprising the following steps:

[0086] Step [1] forms a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0087] a1. Toluene, urea, 2-propylene acrylic acid, perbenzoic acid and 2-butyl ketone peroxide were added to ethanol to form a construction solution with a toluene concentration of 160 mL / L, a urea concentration of 220 g / L, a 2-propylene acrylic acid concentration of 90 g / L, a perbenzoic acid concentration of 50 g / L, and a 2-butyl ketone peroxide concentration of 80 mL / L; the foamed aluminum sample was immersed in the construction solution (the weight of the foamed aluminum immersed in each liter of the construction solution was 150 g), heated to 50° C., and reacted for 14 hours to construct a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate, and a foamed aluminum having a SA-PANI layer was obtained, which was recorded as intermediate A;

[0088] a2. Add 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, praseodymium trioxide, aminosulfonic acid and sodium thiosulfate to deionized water and mix to form a praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution, wherein the amount of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid added per liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 40 mL, the amount of praseodymium trioxide added is 170 g, the amount of aminosulfonic acid added is 30 g, and the amount of sodium thiosulfate added is 100 g; immerse the intermediate A in the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution (the weight of the intermediate A immersed in each liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 110 g), react at room temperature for 24 hours, and obtain a foamed aluminum having a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide formed on the surface, which is recorded as intermediate B.

[0089] Step [2] loading neodymium oxide on the graphyne nanosheets specifically comprises the following operations:

[0090] b1. Add neodymium sulfate, aminosulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and graphyne nanosheets to deionized water to form a suspension having a neodymium sulfate concentration of 70 g / L, an aminosulfonic acid concentration of 90 g / L, a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid concentration of 70 mL / L and a graphyne nanosheet concentration of 160 g / L; ultrasonic dispersion for 1 hour to uniformly disperse the graphyne nanosheets, and then heat in a 60 ° C water bath for 4 hours, filter the solid phase, and dry at room temperature for 12 hours to obtain a graphyne nanosheet solid phase impregnated with neodymium ions;

[0091] b2. Place the graphyne nanosheet solid phase into an atmosphere furnace, continuously introduce carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere furnace at a flow rate of 1.5 L / min, raise the furnace temperature to 550°C at a heating rate of 8°C / min, and keep the temperature for 1.5 hours to obtain graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide.

[0092] Step [3] embedding the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer by electrodeposition, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0093] c1. Add polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, and graphene nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide to ethanol and ultrasonically disperse for 40 min to form a polyvinyl pyrrolidone concentration of 80 g / L, a polyethyleneimine concentration of 130 mL / L, and a graphene nanosheet loaded with neodymium oxide at a concentration of 150 g / L of an electrodeposition inlay solution;

[0094] c2. The intermediate B is immersed in the electrodeposition embedding solution and used as the cathode (the weight of the intermediate B immersed in each liter of the electrodeposition embedding solution is 130 g), and stainless steel is used as the anode. Electrodeposition is performed at a constant voltage of 90 V at room temperature for 5 minutes to embed the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer, and finally the foam aluminum-based composite material is obtained.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] Preferred embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination, comprising the following steps:

[0097] Step [1] forms a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0098] a1. Toluene, urea, 2-propylene acrylic acid, perbenzoic acid and 2-butyl ketone peroxide are added to ethanol and mixed to form a construction solution with a toluene concentration of 145 mL / L, a urea concentration of 200 g / L, a 2-propylene acrylic acid concentration of 100 g / L, a perbenzoic acid concentration of 40 g / L, and a 2-butyl ketone peroxide concentration of 60 mL / L; an aluminum foam sample is immersed in the construction solution (the weight of the aluminum foam immersed in each liter of the construction solution is 110 g), heated to 60° C., and reacted for 11 hours to construct a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid on the surface of the aluminum foam substrate, and obtain an aluminum foam having a SA-PANI layer, which is recorded as intermediate A;

[0099] a2. Add 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, praseodymium trioxide, aminosulfonic acid and sodium thiosulfate to deionized water and mix to form a praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution, wherein the amount of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid added per liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 30 mL, the amount of praseodymium trioxide added is 155 g, the amount of aminosulfonic acid added is 40 g, and the amount of sodium thiosulfate added is 80 g; immerse the intermediate A in the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution (the weight of the intermediate A immersed in each liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 85 g), react at room temperature for 21 hours, and obtain a foamed aluminum having a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide formed on the surface, which is recorded as intermediate B.

[0100] Step [2] loading neodymium oxide on the graphyne nanosheets specifically comprises the following operations:

[0101] b1. Neodymium sulfate, aminosulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and graphyne nanosheets were added to deionized water to form a suspension having a neodymium sulfate concentration of 55 g / L, an aminosulfonic acid concentration of 70 g / L, a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid concentration of 80 mL / L and a graphyne nanosheet concentration of 175 g / L; ultrasonic dispersion was performed for 1.5 hours to uniformly disperse the graphyne nanosheets, and then the graphyne nanosheets were kept in a water bath at 70 ° C for 3 hours, the solid phase was filtered, and dried at room temperature for 13 hours to obtain a graphyne nanosheet solid phase impregnated with neodymium ions;

[0102] b2. The Graphene nanosheet solid phase is placed in an atmosphere furnace, and carbon dioxide gas is continuously introduced into the atmosphere furnace at a flow rate of 1.2 L / min. The furnace temperature is raised to 490°C at a heating rate of 6°C / min and then kept at this temperature for 2 hours to obtain Graphene nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide.

[0103] Step [3] embedding the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer by electrodeposition, specifically comprising the following operations:

[0104] c1. Add polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, and graphene nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide to ethanol and ultrasonically disperse for 30 min to form a polyvinyl pyrrolidone concentration of 65 g / L, a polyethyleneimine concentration of 145 mL / L, and a graphene nanosheet loaded with neodymium oxide at a concentration of 130 g / L of an electrodeposition inlay solution;

[0105] c2. The intermediate B is immersed in the electrodeposition embedding solution and used as the cathode (the weight of the intermediate B immersed in each liter of the electrodeposition embedding solution is 120 g), and stainless steel is used as the anode. Electrodeposition is performed at a constant voltage of 70 V at room temperature for 6 minutes to embed the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer, and finally the foam aluminum-based composite material is obtained.

[0106] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention, and is not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc. made within the ideas and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step [1] forming a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide on the surface of the foamed aluminum substrate; Step [2] loading neodymium oxide on the graphyne nanosheets; Step [3] embedding the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer by electrodeposition to obtain the foamed aluminum-based composite material.

2. The method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step [1] specifically includes the following operations: a1. Toluene, urea, 2-propylene acrylic acid, perbenzoic acid and 2-butyl ketone peroxide are added to ethanol and mixed to form a construction liquid; the foam aluminum sample is immersed in the construction liquid, heated to 50-70° C., and reacted for 8-14 hours to construct a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid on the surface of the foam aluminum substrate, and obtain a foam aluminum having a SA-PANI layer, which is recorded as intermediate A; a2. Add 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, praseodymium trioxide, aminosulfonic acid and sodium thiosulfate to deionized water and mix to form a praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution; immerse the intermediate A in the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution and react at room temperature for 18-24 hours to obtain a foamed aluminum having a polyaniline compound layer modified with 2-propylene acrylic acid / praseodymium oxysulfide formed on the surface, which is recorded as intermediate B.

3. The method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step a1, the toluene concentration in the construction liquid is 130mL / L-160mL / L, the urea concentration is 180g / L-220g / L, the 2-propylene acrylic acid concentration is 90g / L-110g / L, the perbenzoic acid concentration is 30g / L-50g / L, and the 2-methyl peroxide concentration is 40mL / L-80mL / L; the weight of the foamed aluminum immersed in each liter of the construction liquid is 80-150g.

4. The method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step a2, the amount of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid added to each liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 20mL-40mL, the amount of praseodymium trioxide added is 140g-170g, the amount of aminosulfonic acid added is 30g-45g, and the amount of sodium thiosulfate added is 60g-100g; the weight of the intermediate A immersed in each liter of the praseodymium oxysulfide modification solution is 60-110g.

5. The method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step [2] specifically includes the following operations: b1. Add neodymium sulfate, aminosulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and graphyne nanosheets to deionized water and mix to form a suspension; ultrasonically disperse for 1-2 hours to evenly disperse the graphyne nanosheets, then heat in a water bath at 60°C-80°C for 2-4 hours, filter the solid phase, and dry at room temperature for 12-15 hours to obtain a graphyne nanosheet solid phase impregnated with neodymium ions; b2. Place the Graphene nanosheet solid phase into an atmosphere furnace, continuously introduce carbon dioxide gas, raise the furnace temperature to 400°C-550°C at a heating rate of 4°C / min-8°C / min, and then keep the temperature for 1.5 to 2.5 hours to obtain Graphene nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide.

6. The method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step b1, the concentration of neodymium sulfate in the suspension is 40g / L-70g / L, the concentration of aminosulfonic acid is 50g / L-90g / L, the concentration of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is 70mL / L-90mL / L, and the concentration of graphyne nanosheets is 160g / L-190g / L.

7. The method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step b2, the flow rate of carbon dioxide gas introduced into the atmosphere furnace is 0.5L / min-1.5L / min.

8. The method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step [3] specifically includes the following operations: c1. Add polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, and graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide to ethanol and ultrasonically disperse for 20min-40min to form an electrodeposition embedding solution; c2. Immerse the intermediate B in the electrodeposition embedding solution and use it as the cathode, use stainless steel as the anode, and perform electrodeposition at a constant voltage of 50 to 90 V for 5 to 10 minutes at room temperature to embed the graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide on the surface of the polyaniline compound layer, and finally obtain the foam aluminum-based composite material.

9. The method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step c1, the concentration of polyvinyl pyrrolidone in the electrodeposition embedding solution is 50 g / L-80 g / L, the concentration of polyethyleneimine is 130 mL / L-160 mL / L, and the concentration of graphyne nanosheets loaded with neodymium oxide is 110 g / L-150 g / L.

10. The method for preparing a floating foam aluminum-based composite material for seawater desalination according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step c2, the weight of the intermediate B immersed in each liter of the electrodeposition embedding solution is 110-130 g.

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