Cultivation method of strong female balsam pear variety

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of a strong female balsam pear variety. The invention discloses a cultivation method of a strong female bitter gourd variety. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1, planting: planting a strong female variety and a weak female variety in proportion; s2, fruit retention: from the first female flower, two batches of fruits are retained on a main vine, four empty fruits are not pollinated, and two fruits are selectively retained on each side vine between the two batches of fruits of the main vine; s3, pruning; s4, water and fertilizer management; and S5, harvesting. According to the method, the planting proportion of strong female and weak female varieties, a fruit reserving method, pruning, fertilizer and water management and other cultivation technologies are comprehensively optimized, female flowers and male flowers are created to meet in the early stage, the problem that early female flowers of the strong female varieties bloom intensively and no male flowers are used for pollination is solved, the effects of concentrated pollination and concentrated harvesting are achieved, the commodity rate of early fruits is increased, and the economic benefits are increased. The early-stage yield is accurately obtained, and the cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of a strong female bitter melon variety. Background Art

[0002] Usually, the first generation of bitter melon hybrids is monoecious. Generally, male flowers open first and then female flowers. For varieties with strong female main and side vines, female flowers will open continuously on the main vine after the male flowers have opened. At this time, the male flowers on the main and side vines have not opened. According to the existing cultivation method of only planting strong female varieties, the flowering periods of male and female flowers do not meet, resulting in the inability of early female flowers to complete pollination, resulting in loss of early yield. At the same time, due to the concentrated and large number of female flowers in strong female varieties, the number of pollinated fruits and fertilizer and water management are not in place, and the fruits are prone to poor development, affecting the commodity rate of the product. Therefore, in order to harvest the early yield of strong female varieties and improve the commodity rate, further research is needed in the cultivation aspects such as the ratio of planting strong female varieties and weak female varieties, fruit retention methods, pruning and fertilizer and water management, so as to obtain the optimal technical solution.

[0003] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method of a strong female bitter melon variety. The method creates the encounter of female flowers and male flowers in the early stage through the planting ratio of strong female and weak female varieties, the fruit retention method, pruning and fertilizer and water management and other cultivation measures, solves the problem that the early female flowers bloom and concentrate without male flowers for pollination, and improves the commercial rate of early fruits, so as to harvest the early qualified commercial fruits of the strong female variety, more accurately control the early yield and reduce the cost.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A cultivation method for a strong female bitter melon variety comprises the following steps: S1. Planting Plant strong female varieties and weak female varieties in proportion; S2. Leave the fruit Starting from the first female flower, leave 4 fruits between two batches of fruits on the main vine without pollination, select and retain 2 fruits on each side vine between the fruit nodes without pollination, the second batch of fruits on the main vine and the first fruit on the side vine together constitute the second batch, and the number of fruits of the third batch and subsequent batches will be selected and retained as appropriate; S3. Pruning Remove all side vines below the first female flower. After harvesting the third batch of fruits, remove the plants in the middle of the plant spacing and the weak female plants that provide male flowers. S4. Water and fertilizer management The basal fertilizer and water management were carried out according to the normal dosage of bitter melon. Topdressing was applied twice before the first and second batches of fruits were harvested, and once after the third batch of fruits were harvested. After that, topdressing was applied once every 15 days. S5. Harvesting Harvest when the fruit grows into commercial size.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, strong female varieties refer to varieties with the characteristic that the main vine first continuously differentiates into male flowers and then continuously differentiates into more than 14 female flowers, and weak female varieties include varieties and materials with strong male flower differentiation.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the planting ratio of strong female varieties to weak female varieties is 20-25:1.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, double-row planting is adopted with a plant spacing of 50×50 cm.

[0009] Preferably, in step S3, starting from the first female flower, 4-5 fruits are continuously retained on the main vine as the first batch, 4 fruits are left empty without pollination, and another 3-5 fruits are retained on the main vine. Two fruits are selected and retained on each side vine between the two batches of fruits on the main vine. At this time, the first fruits of the main vine and the side vine are together the second batch, and thereafter the number of fruits for the third batch and thereafter is selected depending on the situation.

[0010] Preferably, in step S4, top dressing is performed 6-7 days after pollination and 3-4 days before harvesting of the first and second batches of fruits; top dressing is performed 2-3 days after harvesting of the third batch of fruits, and thereafter once every 15 days.

[0011] Preferably, in step S4, the topdressing is 0.5% urea solution and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and the first four topdressings are applied by foliar spraying, and then topdressing is applied with water.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) Creating a coincidence of flowering periods for female and male flowers: When planting strong female varieties, the present invention plants weak female varieties in combination, providing male flowers for pollination of early female flowers of the strong female varieties, thereby avoiding the mismatch of flowering periods for early female and male flowers, allowing female flowers to be pollinated and achieving early yield.

[0013] (2) Cost saving: In terms of pruning, the present invention only removes the side branches below the first female flower, which is no different from conventional bitter melon planting, and does not waste too much labor for pruning. In addition, for the strong female varieties with the characteristics of the present invention, the main vine blooms one female flower on the same day and 2-3 female flowers on the next day. Taking advantage of this feature, the present invention does not pollinate the female flowers on the main vine, and leaves the fruits in two batches, and leaves 2 fruits on the side vines. Thereafter, the fruits after the third batch are selected according to the situation, so as to achieve centralized pollination and centralized harvesting, greatly reducing labor costs, saving time costs and planting costs, and saving costs in all aspects.

[0014] (3) Accurately harvesting early yields: Cultivating strong female varieties with the characteristic characteristics of the present invention, and optimizing the planting ratio, fruit retention method, pruning and fertilizer and water management and other cultivation measures of the present invention can accurately control the early yield, achieve the effect of centralized harvesting and early market launch, and effectively obtain at least three batches of fruits in a centralized manner, thereby improving the commercial rate and uniformity of the fruits and accurately harvesting the early yield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solution of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example 1

[0016] A cultivation method for a strong female bitter melon variety comprises the following steps: S1. Planting Strong female combination 1 (male parent is MC6, female parent is Gui Nong Keyu No. 4) (green straight tumor type), weak female selection of male flower-rich material MC21-1, planted at a ratio of 25:1; when planting, the furrow width is 80cm, the ridge width is 150cm, and the plant spacing is 50×50cm; S2. Leave the melon In greenhouse planting, the first female flower of combination 1 is at the 15th to 17th node, and the main vine continuously differentiates more than 14 female flowers. Most of the time, the main vine blooms one female flower on the same day, and 2-3 female flowers on the next day, and so on. During this period, the side vines will differentiate one female flower within the first three nodes. When about 10-14 female flowers on the main vine have bloomed, there are no open male flowers on the whole plant. Use the male flowers provided by the weak female variety for artificial pollination or bee pollination. Starting from the first pollination, the main vine will keep 5 fruits in a row as the first batch, and leave 4 fruits empty without pollination. The main vine will keep another 3 fruits. The three side vines between the two batches of fruits on the main vine will select 2 fruits each. At this time, the first fruits of the main vine and the side vine are the second batch together, and the third batch and later will select fruits according to actual conditions. S3. Pruning Remove all side vines below the first female flower. After the third batch of fruits are harvested, the male flowers differentiated from the strong female combination can meet their own pollination needs. At this time, pull out the middle plants with a spacing of 50×50cm and the weak female plants that provide male flowers, so that the spacing becomes 100×100cm to facilitate ventilation and reduce pests and diseases. S4. Water and fertilizer management Apply 250kg of bio-enzymatic organic fertilizer of cattle bone meal (purchased from Nanning Xingjian Agricultural Investment Co., Ltd.), 25kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K is 1:1:1), 25kg of potassium chloride, 20kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (applied every other crop), and 10kg of urea as base fertilizer per mu, put them in when the land is prepared, and mix them thoroughly. Water the soil in time when it is dry. Apply topdressing to the first and second batches of fruits 6 days after pollination and 4 days before harvest, and apply topdressing by foliar spraying; apply topdressing with water once 2-3 days after the third batch of fruits is harvested, and apply topdressing with water once every 15 days thereafter; use 0.5% urea solution and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for topdressing; spray the leaves until the leaves are covered with water droplets and the water droplets just flow down; apply topdressing with water until the soil is moist.

[0017] S5. Harvesting When the fruits grow into commercial fruits, they are harvested in time; the first batch of fruits on the main vines are harvested at the same time, the second batch of fruits on the main vines and the first fruit on the side vines can be harvested at the same time, and the third batch and later fruits are harvested depending on their maturity.

[0018] Combination 1 (male parent MC6, female parent Guinong Keyu 4) was cultivated according to the above pattern, with 15 plants as one replication, 3 replications, and the average value was taken. The early yield results are shown in Table 1.

[0019] Table 1 Cultivation effect of combination 1 Characteristics The first batch of commercial fruits The second batch of commercial fruits The third batch of commercial fruits Number of individual plants 4.8 5.5 4.2 Fruit weight (g) 545.5 547.3 549.7 Fruit length (cm) 23.5 24.9 25.1 Fruit diameter (cm) 7.9 7.8 7.6 As shown in Table 1, from planting to harvesting three batches of fruits, a total of 14.5 fruits were harvested per plant, with an average fruit weight of 547.5 g per fruit, and a total of 7.9 kg of fruits were harvested per plant.

[0020] In addition, in the experiment, it took about 45 days from planting to harvesting the third batch of fruits. If artificial pollination is used, it only takes about 8 days of artificial pollination and 3 days of manual picking, which realizes centralized pollination and centralized harvesting, reduces labor costs and time costs, harvests early yields, and the product's commercial characteristics are more uniform. If it is a traditional cultivation method, there will be no male flowers for pollination before the second batch of fruits, and there will be no early yield. Example 2

[0021] A cultivation method for a strong female bitter melon variety comprises the following steps: S1. Planting Strong female combination 2 (male parent is MC9, female parent is Gui Nong Keyu No. 4) (big top type), weak female material MC21-1 with more male flowers is selected, and planted at a ratio of 20:1; when planting, the furrow width is 80cm, the ridge width is 150cm, and the plant spacing is 50×50cm; S2. Leave the melon In greenhouse planting, the first female flower of combination 2 is at the 9th to 12th node, and the main vine continuously differentiates more than 14 female flowers. Most of the time, the main vine blooms 1 female flower on the same day, and 2-3 female flowers on the next day, and so on. During this period, the side vines will differentiate 2 female flowers within the first 5 nodes. When about 12-16 female flowers on the main vine have bloomed, at this time, there are no open male flowers on the whole plant, and artificial pollination or bee pollination is carried out using male flowers provided by weak female varieties; from the first pollination, the main vine continuously retains 5 fruits as the first batch, and 4 fruits are left empty without pollination. The main vine retains another 4 fruits, and 2 fruits are selected from each side vine between the two batches of fruits of the main vine. At this time, the first fruits of the main vine and the side vine are the second batch, and the third batch and later fruits are selected according to actual conditions; S3. Pruning Remove all side vines below the first female flower. After the third batch of fruits are harvested, the male flowers differentiated from the strong female combination can meet their own pollination needs. At this time, pull out the middle plants with a spacing of 50×50cm and the weak female plants that provide male flowers, so that the spacing becomes 100×100cm to facilitate ventilation and reduce pests and diseases. S4. Water and fertilizer management Apply 250kg of bio-enzymatic organic fertilizer of cattle bone meal (purchased from Nanning Xingjian Agricultural Investment Co., Ltd.), 25kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K is 1:1:1), 25kg of potassium chloride, 20kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer (applied every other crop), and 10kg of urea as base fertilizer per mu, put them in when the land is prepared, and mix them thoroughly. Water the soil in time when it is dry. Apply topdressing to the first and second batches of fruits 6 days after pollination and 4 days before harvest, and apply topdressing by foliar spraying; apply topdressing with water once 2-3 days after the third batch of fruits is harvested, and apply topdressing with water once every 15 days thereafter; use 0.5% urea solution and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for topdressing; spray the leaves until the leaves are covered with water droplets and the water droplets just flow down; apply topdressing with water until the soil is moist.

[0022] S5. Harvesting When the fruits grow into commercial fruits, they should be harvested in time; the first batch of fruits on the main vine can be harvested at the same time, the second batch of fruits on the main vine and the first fruit on the side vine can be harvested at the same time, and the fruits after the third batch can be harvested depending on their maturity.

[0023] Combination 2 was cultivated according to the above pattern, with 15 plants as one replication, and 3 replications were performed to take the average value. The early yield results are shown in Table 2.

[0024] Table 2 Cultivation effect of combination 2 Characteristics The first batch of commercial fruits The second batch of commercial fruits The third batch of commercial fruits Number of individual plants 5.0 6.5 4.6 Fruit weight (g) 425.5 427.8 429.1 Fruit length (cm) 15.9 16.6 17.3 Fruit diameter (cm) 8.9 8.6 8.3 As shown in Table 2, from planting to harvesting three batches of fruits, a total of 16.1 fruits were harvested per plant, with an average fruit weight of 427.5 g, and a total of 6.88 kg was harvested per plant.

[0025] In addition, in the experiment, it took about 38 days from planting to harvesting the third batch of melons. If artificial pollination is used, it only takes about 8 days of artificial pollination and 3 days of manual picking, which realizes centralized pollination and centralized harvesting, reduces labor costs, harvests early yields, and the product's commercial characteristics are more uniform. If it is a traditional cultivation method, there will be no male flowers for pollination before the second batch of fruits, and there will be no early yield.

[0026] In summary, by comprehensively optimizing the planting ratio of strong female and weak female varieties, fruit retention methods, pruning, fertilizer and water management and other cultivation measures, it creates the encounter of female and male flowers in the early stage, solves the problem of concentrated female flowers blooming in the early stage without male flowers for pollination, and increases the commercial rate of early fruits, thereby harvesting early qualified commercial fruits of strong female varieties, more accurately controlling early yields and reducing costs.

[0027] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration and demonstration. These descriptions are not intended to limit the present invention to the precise form disclosed, and it is clear that many changes and variations can be made based on the above teachings. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the present invention and its practical application, so that those skilled in the art can realize and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the present invention and various different selections and changes. The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating a strong female bitter melon variety, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1. Planting Plant strong female varieties and weak female varieties in proportion; S2. Leave the fruit Starting from the first female flower, leave 4 fruits between two batches of fruits on the main vine without pollination, select and retain 2 fruits on each side vine between the fruit nodes without pollination, the second batch of fruits on the main vine and the first fruit on the side vine together constitute the second batch, and the third batch and subsequent fruits are selected and retained as appropriate; S3. Pruning Remove all side vines below the first female flower. After harvesting the third batch of fruits, remove the plants in the middle of the plant spacing and the weak female plants that provide male flowers. S4. Water and fertilizer management The basal fertilizer and water management were carried out according to the normal dosage of bitter melon. Topdressing was applied twice before the first and second batches of fruits were harvested, and once after the third batch of fruits were harvested. After that, topdressing was applied once every 15 days. S5. Harvesting When the fruits grow into commercial fruits, harvest them in time.

2. The cultivation method of the strong female bitter melon variety according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S1, strong female varieties refer to varieties with the characteristic that the main vine first continuously differentiates male flowers and then continuously differentiates more than 14 female flowers, and weak female varieties include varieties and materials with strong male flower differentiation.

3. The cultivation method of the strong female bitter melon variety according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S1, the planting ratio of strong female varieties to weak female varieties is 20-25:

1.

4. The cultivation method of the strong female bitter melon variety according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S1, double-row planting is adopted with a plant spacing of 50×50 cm.

5. The cultivation method of the strong female bitter melon variety according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S2, starting from the first female flower, 4-5 fruits are continuously retained on the main vine as the first batch, 4 fruits are left empty without pollination, and 3-5 fruits are retained on the main vine again. 2 fruits are selected from each side vine between the unpollinated fruit nodes. At this time, the first fruits of the main vine and the side vine are together the second batch. Thereafter, the number of fruits of the third batch and later batches is selected depending on the situation.

6. The cultivation method of the strong female bitter melon variety according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S3, after the third batch of fruits are harvested, the plants with intermediate plant spacing and male plants are pulled out depending on the harvest period. If the harvest period is within 3 months, 1-2 plants are preferably pulled out to make the plant spacing about 100×100 cm or 150×150 cm.

7. The cultivation method of the strong female bitter melon variety according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S4, top dressing is performed 6-7 days after pollination and 3-4 days before harvesting of the first and second batches of fruits; top dressing is performed 2-3 days after harvesting of the third batch of fruits, and thereafter, top dressing is performed once every 15 days.

8. The cultivation method of the strong female bitter melon variety according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In step S4, the topdressing is 0.5% urea solution and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. The first four topdressings are applied by foliar spraying, and then topdressing is applied with water.