Degenerated soil improvement method suitable for cut-flower roses

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a degraded soil improvement method suitable for cut-flower roses. Comprising the following steps: detecting physicochemical properties of soil: taking a soil sample, detecting the physicochemical properties of the soil, and if the soil performance is not suitable for planting Chinese roses, carrying out soil remediation; diseased plants are removed, and plowing is conducted for the third time; turning up the soil for the first time after the humus soil is applied; applying the composite insecticidal bactericide to the soil, and turning up the soil for the second time; after the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioner is applied, plowing the land for the third time, and ridging after the land is leveled; the pH value, the EC value and the organic matter content of the soil are detected, and if expected standards are met, first-step improvement of the soil is completed; re-planting the Chinese roses in the improved soil, watering, and applying a microbial agent and other fertilizers. Soil improvement is carried out from the three aspects of physical, chemical and biological characters, the combined action effects of the humus soil, the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioner and the microbial agent are combined, the soil environment is improved, and the yield and quality of the cut-flower roses are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and in particular relates to a method for improving degraded soil suitable for cut roses. Background Art

[0002] In Kunming, the planting density of cut roses planted in greenhouses is high (up to 7,000 plants / mu) and the yield is high (about 10,000 branches / mu can be harvested per crop). Farmers can harvest more than 4 crops per year on average. This high-intensity production activity requires a large amount of fertilizer input. According to survey statistics, the annual fertilizer consumption of cut roses is 250-300kg / mu, including water-soluble fertilizers of large elements and some medium and trace element fertilizers. However, the large amount of fertilizer input has led to serious soil acidification and secondary salinization and other degradation problems. For example, in Yunnan, the pH value of many cut rose planting soils is between 4.0 and 5.5, the soil salt content is ≥3.0g / kg or the conductivity of the saturated soil extract is ≥4.0mS / cm, and there is an urgent need to improve the soil quality.

[0003] Roses prefer loose, fertile, breathable, well-drained slightly acidic soil, while strongly acidic soil is not conducive to their growth. Long-term application of physiologically acidic fertilizers will lead to an increase in strong acid and weak base salts in the soil, causing the soil to change from weakly acidic to acidic. After the soil becomes acidic, its water permeability deteriorates and the effectiveness of nutrients decreases, resulting in the inability of plants to grow normally. On the other hand, high concentrations of soluble salts in the soil can damage plants and even cause the death of plant roots. When the total amount of water-soluble salts in the soil or the electrical conductivity (EC) of the saturated soil extract is too high, reverse osmotic pressure may be formed, displacing water in the roots, causing the root tips to turn brown or dry up. The reference value of soil EC value suitable for plant cultivation should be between 0.5-3.0mS / cm.

[0004] In the cultivation and application of roses, it is usually divided into three periods: the young plant period (1 to 5 years), the mature plant period (5 to 15 years), and the old plant period (more than 15 years). Generally speaking, after four years of planting, due to the influence of soil degradation, the ground-planted cut roses will begin to show signs of weak seedlings, old branches gradually withering, new branches growing thin and weak, the number of flowers decreasing, and the quality of roses being low, seriously affecting normal production. Some farmers even directly abandon the land after four or five years of planting and turn to planting new land, which is not good for the flower planting industry.

[0005] At present, most soil improvement measures adopted are single improvement measures such as irrigation to remove salt and application of organic fertilizer. Irrigation to remove salt removes excess salt by draining water, but this will not only destroy the soil nutrient composition, but also cause secondary pollution when the drained water enters rivers and lakes. Although the application of organic fertilizer alone can improve the soil structure, most of them will bring in exogenous pathogens and cause negative effects; especially in severely degraded soils, where the microbial community structure is more fragile, this impact cannot be ignored. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving degraded soil suitable for cut roses, which improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and pays attention to the field management of the improved soil for planting flowers.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A method for improving degraded soil suitable for cut roses, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Testing the physical and chemical properties of the soil: Take soil samples for testing. If the soil pH is between 4.0 and 5.5, the soil salt content is ≥3.0 g / kg, or the conductivity of the saturated soil extract is ≥4.0 mS / cm, it means that the land is no longer suitable for the growth of roses and soil remediation is required;

[0010] (2) Remove diseased plants and turn the soil three times; turn the soil for the first time after applying humus; turn the soil for the second time after applying compound insecticide and fungicide to the soil; turn the soil for the third time after applying silicon calcium potassium magnesium soil conditioner, and level the land and make ridges; test the soil pH value, EC value and organic matter content. If they meet the expected standards, the first step of soil improvement is completed;

[0011] (3) After one week of soil improvement, the roses are replanted and watered, and microbial agents and other fertilizers are applied. Furthermore, humus is applied to the surface of the plot where the roses are removed in step (2), and the rose roots in the soil need to be cleaned at the same time when the soil is turned over for the first time;

[0012] and / or, the first tillage depth is 50±5cm;

[0013] And / or, spray compound insecticides and fungicides 5-8 days after the first tillage, and till the soil for the second time at the same time; apply silicon calcium potassium magnesium soil conditioner after leaving it for a week, till the soil for the third time, and then level it to make ridges.

[0014] Furthermore, the soil improvement materials used in step (2) and step (3) include humus, silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioners and microbial agents, and their application amounts and application methods include:

[0015] Application amount: 1000-3000kg / mu of humus soil, 200-400kg / mu of silicon calcium potassium magnesium soil conditioner, and 2-4L / mu of microbial agent;

[0016] Application method: Humus soil: till the soil after applying base fertilizer; Silicon calcium potassium magnesium soil conditioner: till the soil after applying base fertilizer; Microbial agent: dilute 300-500 times with water and then irrigate the roots. Irrigate the roots 2-3 times during the whole growing period. When planting new seedlings, the first application of microbial agent should be done after branch pressing.

[0017] Furthermore, the humus described in step (2) is prepared by composting and fermenting any one or more of black soil, hay, fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees, straw, livestock manure, bone chips or shell powder, pearl powder, and rice bran collected from the wild.

[0018] Furthermore, the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioner in step (2) is prepared by high-temperature sintering or melting natural mineral ingredients such as limestone, dolomite, potassium feldspar, and then grinding them to a certain fineness to obtain a powder, and its main nutrients are effective silicon, effective calcium, effective potassium, and effective magnesium that can be absorbed by plant roots.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (3), the microbial agent is Bacillus subtilis, and the effective viable count is ≥ 10 billion / mL.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (3), other fertilizers applied to the ground-planted roses in the later stage mainly include water-soluble compound fertilizers, rooting fertilizers and some trace element fertilizers, which can be applied according to local fertilization habits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The degraded soil conditions of the Yunnan plot in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 2 For Figure 1 Low-quality roses grown in soil;

[0023] Figure 3 , 4 for Figure 1 Roses planted after soil improvement.

[0024] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0025] The present invention improves the degraded soil for planting cut roses for many years in a step-by-step manner, and adjusts the types, application frequencies and dosages of microbial agents and base fertilizers on the basis of conventional fertilization and additional application of soil improvement materials, and starts from the three aspects of physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, taking into account shaping, pruning and pest and disease management, so as to create a good soil environment for the growth of cut roses; the roses planted in the improved soil have better overall growth, strong leaves and continuous flowering; the time from pruning to flowering is shorter; the yield of cut roses is significantly increased, and the quality of cut flowers is improved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] The present invention discloses a method for improving degraded soil suitable for cut roses, wherein the roses referred to herein are ground-planted roses, which are different from potted roses and are planted in natural land. Degraded soil refers to soil that has undergone acidification and / or secondary salinization.

[0028] (1) Test the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Take soil samples for testing (soil sampling depth 20 cm) according to the soil physical and chemical properties testing method. If the soil pH value is between 4.0 and 5.5, the soil salt content is ≥3.0 g / kg or the conductivity of the saturated soil extract is ≥4.0 mS / cm, it means that the plot is no longer suitable for the growth of roses and soil remediation is required.

[0029] (2) Clean the surface of the soil to be repaired and remove the remaining diseased plants. After applying humus soil, turn the soil for the first time and clean the rose roots in the soil at the same time. The first turning depth is 50±5cm; after leaving it for 5-8 days, spray the soil with compound insecticide and fungicide (Green Capital Fungicide No. 5) and turn the soil for the second time; after leaving it for a week, apply silicon calcium potassium magnesium soil conditioner and turn the soil for the third time, level the land and make ridges; replant roses and water them to complete the first step of improvement.

[0030] (3) Apply microbial agents 2-3 times during the growth period of roses, once a month on average. The first application should be done after thinning the branches when planting new seedlings. The application amount should be diluted 300-500 times and then irrigated into the roots, about 2L / mu.

[0031] (4) For the roses planted in step (2), other fertilizers applied to the ground-planted roses in the later stage mainly include water-soluble compound fertilizers, rooting fertilizers and some trace element fertilizers, which can be referred to the local fertilization habits.

[0032] Strengthen field management during the growth period of roses, including cutting off diseased and insect-infested branches during winter pruning, cleaning up fallen leaves, weeds, and diseased fruits in the garden, and burning and burying them in a centralized manner; apply preventive drugs in advance according to the seasons when diseases and insect pests occur.

[0033] Embodiment 1:

[0034] In this embodiment, the degraded soil for planting ground roses is located in Jinning District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province. After planting ground roses for five consecutive years, the soil has become compacted, acidified, and salt has accumulated on the surface, and plants can no longer grow normally, so soil improvement is needed. Figure 1 The soil conditions of the plot are given. Figure 2 is Figure 1 The quality of flowers grown under poor soil conditions is seriously reduced.

[0035] Therefore, this embodiment provides a method for improving degraded soil, and the steps are as follows:

[0036] (1) First, the degraded soil was tested to assess its degree of degradation, pH value, and EC value. The test results showed that the pH value of the soil sample taken from a depth of 20 cm was 4.90 and the EC value was 10.32 mS / cm.

[0037] (2) Next, remove the planted roses and start soil improvement:

[0038] First, apply 2500kg / mu of humus on the plot where the roses are removed, and then deep plow the land to a depth of 50±5cm. After 5-8 days of placement, use a sprayer to spray the compound insecticide and fungicide, and thoroughly turn the land in the process. After 7 days of placement, apply 400kg / mu of silicon calcium potassium magnesium soil conditioner and turn the land, and make ridges after leveling the land to complete soil improvement. The choice of insecticides and fungicides should be based on the actual situation of local pests and diseases. Afterwards, replant the rose seedlings and water them.

[0039] The improved soil pH was adjusted to 5.76, the EC value dropped to 2.70mS / cm, and the organic matter content increased to 64.39g / kg. The improved soil was slightly acidic, loose in structure, with good air permeability and drainage, and the EC value was within the normal range. The organic matter content exceeded 60g / kg, indicating that the soil was fertile.

[0040] (3) For the rose seedlings planted in step (2), during their growth, especially after branch pressing, a microbial agent is applied to the roots. Each time the agent is applied, the root is irrigated after being diluted 300 to 500 times, and the amount used each time is about 2 L / mu. The addition of Bacillus subtilis helps to degrade organic matter and convert it into soil organic fertilizer, helps to increase the number and diversity of soil microorganisms, rebuild beneficial microbial communities, and promote the elongation of the root system of the seedlings.

[0041] In this embodiment, 15 kg / mu of water-soluble compound fertilizer is applied to the roses at intervals of 2-3 weeks. The compound fertilizer includes N:P2O5:K2O in two ratios of 30:8:12 and 17:17:17.

[0042] In addition, the field management of rose planting needs to be strengthened: first, the soil should be plowed in winter to a depth of 50±5cm to expose overwintering pests to the surface, and the number of pests can be reduced through freezing or predation by natural enemies. Before plowing, it is recommended to apply fungicides for disinfection; secondly, combined with winter pruning, cut off diseased and insect-infested branches, clean and deal with fallen leaves, weeds and diseased fruits in the garden, and reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests through centralized burning or deep burial; finally, according to the season of occurrence of diseases and pests, preventive drugs should be applied in advance.

[0043] According to the method of this embodiment, the comparison of soil physical and chemical properties after planting roses in unimproved and improved soil of the same rose species and the same plot is shown in Table 1:

[0044] Table 1 Comparison of soil physical and chemical properties after planting roses in unimproved and improved soils

[0045]

[0046] After the soil was improved, the pH value increased significantly, which is related to the acid-adjusting and salt-resistant properties of the silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioner. The application of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioner increased the exchangeable calcium and magnesium content of the soil. Calcium ions exchanged hydrogen ions and sodium ions in the soil colloids, which was beneficial to the coagulation of soil colloids, promoted the formation of soil aggregate structure, and enhanced the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water. The addition of humus changed the physical structure of the soil and increased the soil porosity. The addition of microbial agents has a beneficial effect on restoring soil fertility, preventing soil-borne diseases, maintaining the balance of rhizosphere microbial flora, and degrading toxic substances.

[0047] Table 2 Comparison of rose planting in unimproved and improved soils

[0048]

[0049] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown in the figure, from the perspective of the growth and yield of cut roses, the number of cut flowers and the crown width of roses planted in the improved soil have increased, and the flowering period has also been advanced. Overall, the growth of cut roses planted in the improved soil is significantly better than that in the unimproved soil, the number of flowers has increased significantly, and the time from pruning to flowering is shorter.

[0050] Table 3 Comparison of rose grades grown in unimproved and improved soils

[0051]

[0052] From the classification of cut rose grades, it can be seen that although grade A flowers did not receive either treatment, the number of grade B and C cut flowers increased significantly after soil improvement.

[0053] The above embodiments are preferred examples for implementing the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any non-essential additions and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the technical features of the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving degraded soil suitable for cut roses, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Testing the physical and chemical properties of the soil: Take soil samples for testing. If the soil pH is between 4.0 and 5.5, the soil salt content is ≥3.0 g / kg, or the conductivity of the saturated soil extract is ≥4.0 mS / cm, it means that the land is no longer suitable for the growth of roses and soil remediation is required; (2) Remove diseased plants and turn the soil three times; turn the soil for the first time after applying humus; turn the soil for the second time after applying compound insecticide and fungicide to the soil; turn the soil for the third time after applying silicon calcium potassium magnesium soil conditioner, and level the land and make ridges; test the soil pH value, EC value and organic matter content. If they meet the expected standards, the first step of soil improvement is completed; (3) After one week of soil improvement, replant the roses and water them, and apply microbial agents and other fertilizers.

2. The method for improving degraded soil suitable for cut roses according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), humus is applied to the surface of the plot where the roses are removed, and the rose roots in the soil need to be cleaned at the same time when the soil is turned over for the first time; and / or, the first tillage depth is 50±5cm; And / or, spray compound insecticides and fungicides 5-8 days after the first tillage, and till the soil for the second time at the same time; apply silicon calcium potassium magnesium soil conditioner after leaving it for a week, till the soil for the third time, and then level it to make ridges.

3. The method for improving degraded soil suitable for cut roses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil improvement materials used in step (2) and step (3) include humus, silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioners and microbial agents, and their application amounts and application methods include: Application amount: 1000-3000kg / mu of humus soil, 200-400kg / mu of silicon calcium potassium magnesium soil conditioner, and 2-4L / mu of microbial agent; Application method: Humus soil: till the soil after applying base fertilizer; Silicon calcium potassium magnesium soil conditioner: till the soil after applying base fertilizer; Microbial agent: dilute 300-500 times with water and then irrigate the roots. Irrigate the roots 2-3 times during the whole growing period. When planting new seedlings, the first application of microbial agent should be done after branch pressing.

4. The method for improving degraded soil suitable for cut roses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humus described in step (2) is prepared by composting and fermenting any one or more of black soil, hay, fallen leaves of broad-leaved trees, straw, livestock manure, bone chips or shell powder, pearl powder, and rice bran collected from the wild.

5. The method for improving degraded soil suitable for cut roses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium soil conditioner in step (2) is prepared by high-temperature sintering or melting natural mineral ingredients such as limestone, dolomite, potassium feldspar, etc., and then grinding them to a certain fineness to obtain a powder. The main nutrients are effective silicon, effective calcium, effective potassium, and effective magnesium that can be absorbed by plant roots.

6. The method for improving degraded soil suitable for cut roses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent in step (3) is Bacillus subtilis, and the effective viable count is ≥ 10 billion / mL.

7. The method for improving degraded soil suitable for cut roses according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step (3) In the middle and late stages, other fertilizers applied to ground-planted roses mainly include water-soluble compound fertilizers, rooting fertilizers, and some medium and trace element fertilizers. Just refer to local fertilization practices.

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