Compact transportable floating device with support to head and shoulder straps of person in distress

Abstract

The invention relates to equipment for rescuing drowning persons in an open water area, which not only can be used for the work of professional rescue workers, but also can be used for rescuing the drowning persons by people without any special rescue skills, and can also be used as a prevention measure to ensure the safety of people during bathing and swimming in the open water area. A floating device comprises a housing (1) in the form of a buoyancy chamber (1.1), in which the front end of the housing (1) is equipped with means (7) for securing a rope and a cut-out (5) is made at the rear end of the housing (1). The housing (1) can be made of a composite material, consisting of a first part (17) of the housing and a second part (18) of the housing, which are arranged in series along a longitudinal axis of the housing (1) and are connected to each other by a connecting element (19) to form a connection, the connection provides the possibility that the first part (17) of the housing rotates relative to the second part (18) of the housing in a vertical plane. The technical result of the claimed invention is an increase in the efficiency of rescuing drowning persons in open waters and a reduction in mortality during rescue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to equipment for rescuing drowning persons in open waters, which equipment can be used for the work of professional rescuers as well as for rescuing drowning persons by persons without any special rescue skills, and can also be used as a preventive measure to ensure the safety of persons when bathing and swimming in open waters. Background Art

[0002] In situations involving the rescue of drowning persons, a standard rescue board is usually used, which is tied to the legs of the rescuer and floats behind the rescuer until the rescuer reaches the target. Years of using such boards have revealed many problems and inconveniences. In the case of using traditional solid non-inflatable boards, people are faced with the problem of moving and transporting relatively large and cumbersome equipment. The one-piece construction of the rescue board limits its use mainly to fixed rescue stations.

[0003] Furthermore, one of the main reasons for providing the present invention is that modern statistics reflect well that a large number of rescue attempts are carried out by people who are completely unprepared for this. Such rescue attempts are characterized by low efficiency and high mortality. Unlike professional rescuers, random rescuers often do not have the necessary rescue equipment at hand. They swim to the drowning person with almost all their strength and do not have sufficient ability to recover their strength and carry out further rescue actions. The situation is complicated by the fact that the person in distress is almost always exhausted and requires great efforts from the rescuer to provide assistance. Deaths of both drowning people and rescuers often occur. There are also a considerable number of deaths of swimmers who did not wait for help and did not carry personal flotation devices with them.

[0004] In such situations, the most common task for professional rescuers consists of keeping the person in distress above the water (preferably using rescue equipment) and waiting for additional help with minimal expenditure of energy. Rarely are attempts made to transport the person in distress made.

[0005] In such situations, obvious disadvantages of conventional rescue boards include the inability to secure the victim relative to the conventional rescue board. The rescuer must hold both the victim and the rescue board at the same time. The situation often becomes complicated and difficult because the victim has lost consciousness and strength, and it is difficult to hold the rescue board during high waves.

[0006] Additionally, attempts to secure the victim's hands relative to the rescue board are ineffective - this can still result in the victim's head being submerged in the water, especially in the case of unconsciousness or during high seas. Furthermore, the possibility of transporting the victim to shore is almost completely eliminated - the rescuer must hold onto both the rescue board and the victim while waiting for help.

[0007] Furthermore, an important aspect of the invention is the need to ensure the safety of a person bathing or swimming in open water when the swimmer carries the lifesaving safety device directly on his or her body, for example by fastening it to the torso or legs.

[0008] Therefore, there is a need for a lightweight and compact device made of modern materials, which can hold the head of a person in distress above the water surface, which can be used by non-professional rescuers in open water and which does not require special professional skills in its use. Summary of the invention

[0009] The technical result of the claimed invention is that the efficiency of rescuing drowning persons in open water can be improved and the mortality rate during rescue can be reduced.

[0010] Said technical result is achieved by the proposed invention, which can be implemented in the form of a flotation device which in its initial (uninflated) state is a compact product, for example folded in a cover and suitable for transport in a car, for carrying in a backpack or for storage at an aid station, while in the working (inflated) state it is a small raft. Note that the product is made of a lightweight and durable material, which makes it light, convenient for transport, and also reduces drag when in use, and makes swimming with less resistance and therefore less fatigue.

[0011] The shell of the proposed floating device can be made of a composite material and consists of a first part of the shell and a second part of the shell, which are arranged in series and connected to each other to form a connection portion, which provides the possibility of rotating the first part of the shell relative to the second part of the shell in a vertical plane, and the possibility of disassembling the shell into the first part of the shell and the second part of the shell, and either part of the first part and the second part of the shell can maintain buoyancy independently of the other part.

[0012] The proposed rescue device, the first and second parts of the housing of which are equipped with universal valves, allows the rescue device to be inflated, for example by mouth when preparing for swimming, or by a standard electric pump using a suitable nozzle for inflating an inflatable cushion, and by compressed air bladders, which can be used in emergency situations when the flotation device must be ready within seconds or when there is no electricity. Furthermore, unlike known solutions, the proposed rescue device is equipped with a cutout that allows the rescuer to fix the victim's head above the water even if he is unconscious.

[0013] Furthermore, the proposed rescue device is equipped with a fixing device which allows fixing the torso of the person in distress relative to the rescue device in order to reduce the effects of pitching and pitching during movement which could injure the neck of the person in distress and, together with the cutout for fixing the head, minimizes the risk of the flotation device being pulled out by the waves and minimizes the effort required by the rescuer to hold the person in distress and the rescue device.

[0014] Furthermore, the flotation device has locking tightening straps on both the first and second parts of the housing, which allow the rescuer or swimmer to fix at least one of his / her hands relative to the rescue device and to minimize his / her efforts to hold the rescue device. This solution allows the rescuer to remain near the rescue device and the person in distress after being covered by a wave, losing strength or temporarily losing consciousness. With one arm fixed, the rescuer or swimmer can perform a greater range of movements and exert greater efforts with the other free hand.

[0015] In general, the proposed invention allows to keep the person in distress and the rescuer or swimmer afloat for a longer period of time in order to wait for further assistance during said longer period of time, allows to transport the person in distress while his position is fixed (even if he loses his consciousness), which makes it possible to improve the efficiency of the rescue operation and significantly reduce the mortality rate during rescue operations and during normal bathing or swimming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The following figures illustrate the claimed invention.

[0017] Figure 1 and Figure 2 Examples are shown of the flotation device being used by a rescuer while delivering it to a drowning person in water or by a swimmer while swimming.

[0018] Figure 3 An example of a flotation device in the form of a raft is shown when the person in distress is secured.

[0019] Figure 4 An example of a flotation device in the form of a life buoy is shown when the person in distress is secured.

[0020] Figure 5 A top view of the floating device is shown.

[0021] Figure 6 A side view of a flotation device is shown, equipped with shoulder straps and torso straps for securing a person in distress.

[0022] Figure 7Shown is a side view of a flotation device equipped with an inflatable vest-like element for securing the shoulder straps and torso of a person in distress.

[0023] Figure 8 A top view of a flotation device is shown with another arrangement of cutouts for securing the head and neck of a person in distress.

[0024] Fig. 9 A flotation device is shown, the hull of which is made of a composite material.

[0025] The locations on the diagram have the following names.

[0026] 1. The shell of a flotation device in the form of a buoyancy chamber.

[0027] 1.1.Buoyancy chamber.

[0028] 2. The upper part of the flotation device hull.

[0029] 3. The lower part of the flotation device housing.

[0030] 4. Hole for mounting a universal valve 4.1 for pressurizing the buoyancy chamber 1.1.

[0031] 4.1. Universal valve for pressurizing the buoyancy chamber 1.1.

[0032] 5. Used to locate and fix the incision on the neck of the person in distress.

[0033] 5.1. The portion of the cutout 5 configured to accommodate the neck of a person in distress.

[0034] 5.2. Expansion position of incision 5.

[0035] 6. Side wall 1 of the housing.

[0036] 7. Device for securing the rope 8.

[0037] 8. A rope used by rescuers to move a flotation device through the water.

[0038] 9. Loops for securing the rope 8 to the rescuer's legs or torso.

[0039] 10. Handle for holding flotation device.

[0040] 11. Straps for securing rescuer’s wrists.

[0041] 12. Ring for grabbing and holding flotation device.

[0042] 13. Fasteners for the neck of the person in distress.

[0043] 14. Shoulder straps and torso straps for securing the person in distress relative to the flotation device.

[0044] 15. An inflatable vest-like element for securing the shoulder straps and torso of a person in distress relative to a flotation device.

[0045] 16. Elements for attaching light and sound alarms.

[0046] 17. The first part of the housing.

[0047] 18. The second part of the housing.

[0048] 19. Connecting elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The proposed invention achieves the technical effect, which is a floating device, comprising: a shell in the form of a buoyancy chamber, which has an elliptical shape in a plane, and the upper surface and the lower surface are connected to each other along the periphery at the side, wherein the front end of the shell is equipped with a device for fixing a rope so that the floating device can be moved in the water by rescuers or swimmers, and a cutout is made at the rear end of the shell to accommodate and hold the neck of the person in distress, and two symmetrical side walls of the shell are formed at the side, wherein the cutout is made to be recessed into the shell along the longitudinal axis of the shell, and wherein the height at the base of the side wall is made to be lower than or equal to the height at the end of the side wall.

[0050] The shell of the proposed floating device can be made of composite material and consists of a first part of the shell and a second part of the shell, which are arranged in series and connected to each other to form a connection, which provides the possibility of rotating the first part of the shell relative to the second part of the shell in a vertical plane, and the possibility of disassembling the shell into the first part of the shell and the second part of the shell, wherein either part contains a buoyancy chamber and can maintain buoyancy independently of the other part and act as an independent floating device.

[0051] The first and second parts of the housing are each equipped with a common valve for pressurizing the buoyancy chamber, made of waterproof material, a handle for holding the flotation device, a strap for securing the rescuer's or swimmer's wrist, and a ring for grabbing and holding the flotation device. Note that the second part of the housing additionally contains means for attaching a rope to move the second part of the housing in the water.

[0052] In other aspects, the present invention is characterized in that:

[0053] - the cutout is made recessed into the second part of the housing by at least 180 mm along the longitudinal axis of the housing;

[0054] - The side wall thickness is less than the shell thickness;

[0055] - Side wall thickness equal to shell thickness;

[0056] - the cutout is made as a circle with a diameter ranging from 100 mm to 150 mm, inscribed in the portion intended to house the neck;

[0057] - The height of the side wall can be selected from 80mm to 120mm;

[0058] - the rope used to move the flotation device is provided with a loop for fastening the rope to the legs or torso of the rescuer;

[0059] - The length of the rope can be selected from 700mm to 2500mm;

[0060] - the rope is made of a material with a tensile strength of at least 10.8 kN;

[0061] - the device for fastening the rope is a rigid bracket with holes;

[0062] - the device for fastening the rope is a flexible bracket with a hole in which a rigid loop is mounted;

[0063] - fasteners for the neck of a person in distress are provided on the side walls at the expanded location of the incision, which fasteners connect the side walls to one another in the closed state and thus cover the incision;

[0064] - the side walls may be equipped with straps for securing the shoulder straps and torso of the person in distress relative to the flotation device;

[0065] - the side walls may be equipped with inflatable vest-like elements for securing the shoulder straps and torso of the person in distress relative to the flotation device;

[0066] - the straps for securing the rescuer's wrists, the loops for grasping and holding the flotation device, the fastener for the victim's neck, the straps for securing the victim's shoulders and torso, and the inflatable vest-like element are made of a material with a tensile strength of at least 950 N;

[0067] - a universal valve for pressurizing the buoyancy chambers configured for inflation by mouth, pump or cylinder with compressed gas;

[0068] - the first part and / or the second part of the housing is equipped with elements for attaching light and sound alarms;

[0069] - The housing is made so that its length ranges from 300mm to 1500mm, its width ranges from 300mm to 600mm, and its thickness ranges from 100mm to 200mm, so as to form a minimum of 0.01m 3 Up to 0.18m 3 The working volume of the buoyancy chamber;

[0070] - The material of the buoyancy chamber is rubberized fabric;

[0071] - The material of the buoyancy chamber is polyvinyl chloride;

[0072] - The buoyancy chamber material provides a tensile strength of at least 950N, a tear strength of at least 98N, and a 2 The proportion of

[0073] - the buoyancy chamber is made to have a wall thickness of from about 1 mm to about 8 mm;

[0074] - The first part and / or the second part of the hull may be internally divided into two or more buoyancy chambers by horizontal and / or vertical and / or inclined diaphragms.

[0075] - the connection between the first and second parts of the housing is a detachable connection consisting of at least one connection element located between the first and second parts of the housing in the middle of the housing;

[0076] - the connection between the first and second parts of the housing is additionally made by at least two connection elements, wherein each connection element is located on an edge of the housing of the floating device;

[0077] - the connecting element is a carbine;

[0078] - the connecting element is a strip with a fastener;

[0079] - the connecting element is a strap with hook and loop fastener;

[0080] - The connecting element is a combination of a snap hook and a strap with a fastener.

[0081] The technical effects of the claimed invention are achieved in the following ways, including improving the efficiency of rescuing drowning persons in open waters, reducing the mortality rate during rescue, and expanding the use of flotation devices.

[0082] The hull of the flotation device has a streamlined oval shape in plan, which reduces water resistance when the flotation device is transported in open water by rescuers or swimmers.

[0083] Furthermore, in order to enable the floating device to move effectively in the water, the front end of the housing is equipped with a device for attaching a rope, and the rope for moving the floating device is equipped with a ring for fastening the rope to the leg or torso of the rescuer or swimmer, and the length of the rope is selected from 700 mm to 2500 mm. If the rope length is less than 700 mm, it will be inconvenient and hindered when the rescuer or swimmer moves the floating device in open water, and if the rope length is greater than 2500 mm, it will be inconvenient when untying the rope, and the time for pulling the floating device to the drowning person will be excessively increased, and the weight of the floating device will also increase.

[0084] To avoid breaking, the rope is made of a material with a tensile strength of at least 10.8 kN. If the value is lower, the rope may break during the transportation of the person in distress, which will not allow the efficiency of rescuing drowning people to be improved.

[0085] The means for securing the ropes is a bracket which can be made as a rigid bracket with holes or a flexible bracket with holes in which the rigid loops are mounted. These embodiments will maintain the integrity of the buoyancy chambers when the flotation device is used by transferring the load from the ropes to a larger area of ​​the hull.

[0086] The hull of the proposed floating device can be made of composite material and consists of a first part of the hull and a second part of the hull, which are arranged in series along the longitudinal axis of the hull and are connected to each other to form a connection, which connection provides the possibility of rotating the first part of the hull relative to the second part of the hull in a vertical plane. Due to the above fact, the risk of injuries to people in distress caused by sudden movements of the floating device during high seas is reduced, which is also due to the twisting of the floating device relative to the neck of the person in distress located in the cutout.

[0087] The flotation device housing can be disassembled into a first housing portion and a second housing portion, each of which contains a buoyancy chamber and can maintain buoyancy independently of the other portion and act as an independent flotation device for providing independent assistance to two drowning persons by one rescuer.

[0088] Since the cutout is made at the rear end in the shell to accommodate and fix the neck of the person in distress, two symmetrical side walls of the shell are formed on the side, and also since the cutout is made to be recessed in the shell of the flotation device (the second part of the shell), which is suitable for fixing the neck of the person in distress, even if the person in distress loses consciousness, it can effectively keep the person in distress on the water surface and prevent his head from being immersed. Note that the cutout is made to be recessed into the shell from the end of the side wall to the end of the cutout along the longitudinal axis of the shell by at least 180 mm. This depth of the cutout allows the neck of the person in distress to be securely accommodated and surrounded by the side wall, which helps to maintain it reliably. In addition, the cutout is made to have a circle diameter ranging from 100 mm to 150 mm, which is inscribed in the part intended to accommodate the neck. If the cutout size is smaller, it is difficult to accommodate and fix the neck of the person in distress, and the neck will be compressed. If the value is higher, the reliability of fixing the neck and head of the person in distress will be lost, and there will be a risk of spontaneous sliding of the person in distress, especially if she or he is a child.

[0089] Since the side wall is made at its base to be lower than the height of the side wall end, the reliability of keeping the head of the person in distress above the water surface is also ensured by lowering the level of its upper surface at the side wall base. This design feature allows reducing the possibility of the neck of the person in distress naturally and unintentionally withdrawing from the incision under the weight of the body. Note that the height of the side wall is selected in the range of 80 to 120 mm, which is due to the need to effectively hold and support the head of the person in distress. If the height of the side wall is less than 80 mm, reliable head support cannot be provided. If the height of the side wall is greater than 120 mm, it is usually inconvenient to fix the head due to the full use of the distance between the shoulders of the person in distress and his head. In addition, the side wall can be made to have a thickness less than the thickness of the shell, which will allow the combination of a sufficiently large volume of the buoyancy chamber with the convenience and efficiency of fixing the neck of the person in distress. In another embodiment, the side wall can be made to have a thickness equal to the thickness of the shell, which reduces the weight of the floating device, facilitates its transportation, and also simplifies the production of the product.

[0090] Furthermore, to reduce the possibility of the victim's neck being unintentionally withdrawn from the incision, fasteners for the victim's neck are provided on the side walls at the expansion location of the incision, which fasteners, when closed, connect the side walls to each other and thus bridge the incision.

[0091] Furthermore, the reliability of holding the person in distress is ensured, as the side walls may be equipped with straps or inflatable vest-like elements to fix the shoulder straps and torso of the person in distress relative to the flotation device. The additional fixing device allows fixing the torso of the person in distress relative to the rescue device, in order to reduce the effects of pitching and jerking that could injure the neck of the person in distress during the movement, and together with the cutout for fixing the head, minimizes the risk of being pulled out of the flotation device by the waves, and minimizes the efforts of the rescuer to hold the person in distress and the rescue device.

[0092] Due to the fact that the hull (the first and second parts of the hull) is equipped with a universal valve for pressurizing the buoyancy chambers, rapid inflation of the flotation device in emergency situations is ensured, thanks to the presence of the universal valve, because the buoyancy chambers can be inflated by mouth, by a pump or by compressed air cylinders.

[0093] The presence of a handle for holding the flotation device, a strap for fixing the rescuer's or swimmer's wrist, and a ring for grabbing and holding the flotation device, which are located on the first and second parts of the housing, also improves the efficiency of the rescue. Thanks to these elements, the convenience and reliability of holding the flotation device by the rescuer and the person in distress in open waters is also improved, even during large waves. In addition, it allows the rescuer or swimmer to fix at least one of his hands relative to the rescue equipment and minimize his efforts to keep the rescue equipment. This solution allows a single person in distress or a rescuer with a person in distress to stay near the rescue equipment after being covered by a wave, losing strength, cramping or losing consciousness for a short period of time. With one arm fixed, the rescuer or swimmer can perform a greater range of movements with their free hand and make greater efforts.

[0094] The reliability of the device itself is ensured by making the buoyancy chambers from waterproof materials providing a tensile strength of at least 950 N and a tear strength of at least 98 N, such as rubberized fabric or polyvinyl chloride or other similar materials, and by making the straps for fixing the wrists of the rescuer or swimmer, the rings for grabbing and holding the flotation device, the fasteners for the neck of the person in distress, the straps for fixing the shoulder straps and torso of the person in distress, and the inflatable vest-like element from materials with a tensile strength of at least 950 N. Note that the permissible values ​​of the wall thickness of the buoyancy chambers are from about 1 mm to about 8 mm, providing efficiency in production and operation of the flotation device. With smaller values ​​of the wall thickness, the risk of damage to the wall is high, up to the point of losing its tightness. With larger values, the weight of the flotation device is unreasonably increased, while the manufacturability of production and efficiency of use are significantly reduced.

[0095] Furthermore, the efficiency of rescuing drowning persons is increased due to the fact that the housing is equipped with elements for attaching light and sound alarms. The presence of light and sound alarms on the flotation device will allow receiving additional assistance more quickly, which will reduce the mortality rate during the rescue.

[0096] The dimensions of the hull are also chosen to improve the efficiency of rescuing drowning persons in open water: length ranges from 300 to 1500 mm, width from 300 to 600 mm, thickness from 100 mm to 200 mm, and the volume of the buoyancy chamber from 0.01 m 3 Up to 0.18m 3If the size parameter value is smaller, it will not provide reliable support for keeping the rescuer afloat and the person in distress afloat. If the value is larger, it will be difficult for the rescuer or swimmer to use the flotation device when moving the flotation device on the shore and in the water.

[0097] Since the shell or the first part of the shell and / or the second part of the shell can be internally divided into two or more buoyancy chambers by horizontal and / or vertical and / or inclined diaphragms, each of which allows the floating device, rescuers and people in distress to be kept afloat, the reliability of the floating device is increased in the event of damage due to a failure of tightness in one of the buoyancy chambers.

[0098] The proposed floating device can be implemented as follows. The two oval profile parts of the shell 1 are made of a tensile strength of at least 950N, a tear strength of at least 98N, and a specific gravity of 400g / m 2 , and made of a lightweight, durable, water-resistant material, such as rubberized fabric, with a thickness of about 1 mm to about 8 mm, such as 4 mm, more specifically, the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 are connected to each other airtightly along the perimeter, such as by adhesive bonding or by heat welding, so as to form the buoyancy chamber 1.1. Note that an opening 4 is made in the upper part 2 of the shell 1 for installing a universal valve 5 to pressurize the buoyancy chamber 1.1. In addition, a cutout 5 is made at the rear end on each of the parts 2 and 3 of the shell 1, which is recessed into the shell 1 along the longitudinal axis of the shell 1 and forms two symmetrical side walls 6 of the shell 1 on the sides, while the cutout 5 is made to be recessed into the shell 1 along the longitudinal axis of the shell 1 by at least 180 mm and has a diameter of a circle ranging from 100 mm to 150 mm, which is inscribed in the part 5.1 of the cutout 5 intended to accommodate the neck of the person in distress. At the front end, the housing 1 is equipped with a device 7 for fastening a rope 8, which is used by the rescuer or swimmer to move the floating device in the water. The device 7 can be in the form of a rigid bracket with a hole or a flexible bracket with a hole, in which a rigid wear ring is installed (not shown). The rope 8 is fixed in the device 7 for fastening the rope 8 for moving the floating device. The rope 8 is selected to have a length from 700mm to 2500mm, and a ring 9 is provided at the end of the rope 8 to fasten the rope 8 to the leg or torso of the rescuer or swimmer. Note that the rope 8 should be made of a material with a tensile strength of at least 10.8kN. The housing 1 is equipped with a handle 10 for holding the floating device, a strap 11 for fixing the wrist of the rescuer or swimmer, and a ring 12 for grasping and holding the floating device. On the side wall 6, at the expanded position 5.2 of the cutout 5, a fastener 13 for the neck of the person in distress is provided. In one embodiment, the side wall 6 can be equipped with a strap 14 for fixing the shoulder strap and torso of the person in distress relative to the floating device. In another embodiment, the side walls 6 may be provided with an inflatable vest-like element 15 for securing the shoulder straps and torso of the person in distress relative to the flotation device.

[0099] Note that the straps 11 for securing the rescuer's or swimmer's wrists, the loops 12 for grabbing and holding the flotation device, the fasteners 13 for the victim's neck, the straps 14 for securing the victim's shoulders and torso, and the inflatable vest-like element 15 are made of a material with a tensile strength of at least 950N.

[0100] In the hole 4 for mounting a universal valve 4.1, a designated universal valve 4.1 for pressurizing the buoyancy chamber 1.1 is airtightly mounted, the hole 4 being made in the upper part 2 of the shell 1. Furthermore, on the upper part 2 of the shell 1, elements 16 are mounted, such as brackets for attaching light and sound alarms.

[0101] The hull 1 of the proposed floating device may be made of composite material and consists of a first part 17 of the hull and a second part 18 of the hull, which are arranged in series along the longitudinal axis of the hull 1 and connected to each other by a connecting element 19 to form a connection that provides the possibility of mutual rotation of the first part 17 of the hull relative to the second part 18 of the hull in a vertical plane.

[0102] The following dimensional parameters are maintained when manufacturing the floating device: the hull is made with a length ranging from 300 to 1500 mm, preferably 1000 mm, a width of 300 to 600 mm, preferably 400 mm, a thickness of 100 to 200 mm, preferably 150 mm, formed to at least 0.01 m 3 Up to 0.18m 3 , preferably 0.05m 3 The working volume of the buoyancy chamber.

[0103] Although the specific form of the present invention has been illustrated and described, it is obvious that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, depending on the task and method of use, different sizes of floating devices can be used, with different positions and numbers of cutouts for fixing the head and neck of the person in distress, and with different colors of manufacturing materials. Other devices can be used to fix the hands of rescuers or swimmers relative to the floating device. Additional features can be used to attach identification and detection elements, light and sound equipment, etc. The interior of the shell can be divided into two or more buoyancy chambers, each of which has its own universal valve for pressurization. The shell can be made of a composite material, consisting of a first part of the shell and a second part of the shell, which are arranged in series along the longitudinal axis of the shell and connected to each other to form a connection portion, which provides the possibility of the first part of the shell rotating relative to the second part of the shell in a vertical plane, and the possibility of disassembling the shell into the first part of the shell and the second part of the shell, wherein either part contains a buoyancy chamber and can maintain buoyancy independently of the other part and act as an independent floating device. Depending on the task, use intensity and planned load, any other suitable material can be used for manufacturing.

Claims

1. A floating device comprising a shell, the front end of which is provided with means for attaching a rope for use by rescuers to move the floating device in the water, and at the rear end, a cutout is made in the shell to accommodate and secure the neck of a person in distress, two symmetrical side walls of the shell are formed on the sides, the cutout is pear-shaped with a recess into the shell along the longitudinal axis of the shell, in, By lowering the level of the upper surface of the side wall at the base of the side wall, the height at the base of the side wall is made lower than or equal to the height at the end of the side wall.

2. The floating device according to claim 1, wherein: The shell is configured to consist of a first part of the shell and a second part of the shell, which are arranged in series and connected to each other to form a connection portion, wherein the connection portion provides the possibility of the first part of the shell relative to the second part of the shell rotating relative to each other in a vertical plane, and the possibility of disassembling the shell into the first part of the shell and the second part of the shell, and either part of the first part of the shell and the second part of the shell can maintain buoyancy independently of the other part.

3. The floating device according to claim 2, wherein: The first portion of the hull has a buoyancy chamber equipped with a universal valve for pressurizing the chamber, a handle for holding the chamber and straps for securing the swimmer's wrists and a loop for grabbing and holding the flotation device.

4. The floating device according to claim 2, wherein: The second part of the shell has a buoyancy chamber equipped with a universal valve for pressurizing the buoyancy chamber, a handle for holding the buoyancy chamber, a strap for securing the swimmer's wrists and a ring for grasping and holding the flotation device. The second part of the shell further contains means for attaching a rope to move the second part of the shell in the water.

5. The floating device according to claim 2, wherein: The connection between the first part of the shell and the second part of the shell is a detachable connection, which is composed of at least one connection element, and the at least one connection element is located in the middle of the shell between the first part of the shell and the second part of the shell.

6. The floating device according to claim 2 or 5, wherein: The connection of the first part of the hull to the second part of the hull is made by at least two connection elements, each of which is located on an edge of the hull of the floating device.

7. The floating device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: The connecting element is a spring hook.

8. The floating device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: The connecting elements are straps with fasteners.

9. The floating device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: The connecting element is a strip with hook and loop fasteners.

10. The floating device according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: The connecting element is a combination of a snap hook and a strap with a fastener.

11. The floating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The cutout is made recessed into the housing by at least 180 mm along the longitudinal axis of the housing.

12. The floating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The thickness of the side wall is made smaller than the thickness of the housing.

13. The floating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The thickness of the side wall is made equal to the thickness of the housing.

14. The floating device according to claim 1, 2 or 11, wherein: The cutout is made as a circle with a diameter ranging from 100 mm to 150 mm, inscribed in the portion intended to house the neck.

15. The floating device according to any one of claims 1, 2, 12 or 13, wherein: The height of the side walls can be selected in the range of 80 mm to 120 mm.

16. The floating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The rope used to move the flotation device is equipped with a loop for securing the rope to the leg or torso of the rescuer or swimmer.

17. The floating device according to claim 1, 2 or 16, wherein: The length of the rope can be selected from 700mm to 2500mm.

18. The floating device of claim 1, 2, 16 or 17, wherein: The rope is made of a material having a tensile strength of at least 10.8 kN.

19. The floating device according to claim 1, wherein: The device for securing the rope is a rigid bracket with holes.

20. The floating device of claim 1, wherein: The means for securing the rope is a flexible support with a hole in which a rigid loop is mounted.

21. The floating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: Fasteners for the neck of a person in distress are provided on the side walls at the expanded location of the cutout, which fasteners connect the side walls to one another in the closed state and thus cover the cutout.

22. The floating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The side walls are equipped with straps for securing the shoulder straps and torso of the person in distress relative to the flotation device.

23. The floating device of claim 1, wherein: The side walls are equipped with inflatable vest-like elements for securing the shoulder straps and torso of the person in distress relative to the flotation device.

24. The floating device of claim 1, wherein: The hull is equipped with a universal valve for pressurizing the buoyancy chamber, a handle for holding the flotation device, a strap for securing the rescuer's wrists, and a loop for grabbing and holding the flotation device.

25. The floating device of claim 3, 4 or 24, wherein: The straps used to secure the rescuer's or swimmer's wrists are made of a material with a tensile strength of at least 950N.

26. The floating device according to claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein: The loop for grabbing and holding the flotation device is made of a material having a tensile strength of at least 950N.

27. The floating device of claim 21, wherein: The fastener for the neck of the person in distress is made of a material having a tensile strength of at least 950N.

28. The floating device of claim 22, wherein: The shoulder straps and torso straps used to secure the person in distress are made of a material with a tensile strength of at least 950N.

29. The floating device of claim 23, wherein: The inflatable vest-like element is made of a material having a tensile strength of at least 950N.

30. The flotation device of claim 1, wherein: The universal valve for pressurizing the buoyancy chamber is configured to inflate the buoyancy chamber by mouth, pump, or cylinder with compressed air.

31. The floating device of claim 1, wherein: The housing is equipped with elements for attaching light and sound alarms.

32. The floating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The shell is made to have a length ranging from 300mm to 1500mm, a width ranging from 300mm to 600mm, and a thickness ranging from 100mm to 200mm to form a minimum of 0.01m 3 and at most 0.18m 3 The working volume of the buoyancy chamber.

33. The flotation device of claim 1, wherein: The material of the buoyancy chamber is rubberized fabric.

34. The flotation device of claim 1, wherein: The material of the buoyancy chamber is polyvinyl chloride.

35. The floating device according to any one of claims 1, 33 and 34, wherein: The material of the buoyancy chamber provides a tensile strength of at least 950N and a tear strength of at least 98N.

36. The floating device according to any one of claims 1, 33 to 35, wherein: The buoyancy chamber is manufactured to have a wall thickness of about 1 mm to about 8 mm.

37. The flotation device of claim 1, wherein: The interior of the hull can be divided into two or more buoyancy chambers by horizontal and / or vertical and / or inclined membranes.

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