Multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication antennas. Comprising a reconfigurable feed network and a plurality of electromagnetic dipole antenna units. Each antenna unit is composed of four square patches with arc-shaped grooves and two rectangular patches, the four square patches with the arc-shaped grooves are connected with the metal floor through four short circuit columns, the rectangular patches are connected with the feed network through copper columns, the two rectangular patches are printed on the front face and the back face of the dielectric plate respectively, the height difference of the two rectangular patches is 1 mm, and the two rectangular patches are orthogonal in position. Independent tuning of various polarization and wave beam states can be realized, and the antenna has the advantages of high integration level, large bandwidth, multiple polarization, convenient operation, low cost and the like, and is suitable for systems of multi-target detection, traffic communication and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication antennas, and in particular to a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, in crowded scenarios such as theaters and stations, wireless communication systems with limited channel capacity have been unable to meet the requirements of large-scale wireless connection communications and high data rates. Multi-beam antennas have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their advantages in increasing channel capacity, suppressing interference and overcoming multipath fading.

[0003] However, in the case of overlapping applications, such as vehicle communications, intelligent transportation systems, or different wireless services in other orthogonal directions, dual-beam antennas with multiple polarizations are required to reduce the number of antenna units in the system. In addition, the space of future 6G terminals or platforms is quite limited, making antenna structures with multiple radiation states more competitive. Therefore, how to realize multi-beam antennas with multi-polarization functions is an urgent problem to be solved. Although multi-beam antennas and polarization reconfigurable antennas have very mature technologies, how to cleverly combine the two characteristics to achieve independent control of polarization and beam is also a challenging problem.

[0004] To this end, the present invention proposes a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings in the prior art and to propose a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions, comprising an antenna radiation structure, a dielectric plate, a copper column, a metal floor, and a feed layer structure; The antenna radiation structure includes a metal floor, a square patch with an arc groove, a rectangular patch, a rectangular patch, a dielectric plate, a dielectric plate, a grounding copper column, a feeding copper column, a suspended copper column, and an isolation copper column; The feeding layer structure includes a grounding copper column, a microstrip line, a resistor, an inductor, and a diode.

[0007] Preferably, the square patch with arc groove and the rectangular patch have a thickness of 0.035 mm, the length and width of the dielectric plate are both 76 mm, and the length and width of the metal floor are both 76 mm.

[0008] Preferably, the square patch and the rectangular patch with the arc groove are located on the front side of the dielectric plate, the rectangular patch is located on the back side of the dielectric plate, and the feeding copper column is connected to the rectangular patch through the circular groove.

[0009] Preferably: the square patch with the arc groove is 13.6mm long, and the radius of the arc groove is 2mm; the length of the rectangular patch and the rectangular patch is 15mm, and the width is 4.5mm; the thickness of the dielectric plate is 1mm; the thickness of the dielectric plate is 0.5mm; the diameter of the short-circuit copper column is 3mm, and the height is 11.6mm; the diameter of the feeding copper column is 3mm, and the height is 12.1mm; the diameter of the tail suspended copper column is 3mm, and the height is 4mm; the diameter of the isolation copper column is 2mm, and the length is 11.6mm; the diameter of the circular groove is 4mm.

[0010] Preferably: the one-to-two power distribution structure of the feed layer structure is composed of a microstrip line and a resistor; the width of the microstrip line is 0.54 mm, the width of the microstrip line is 1.02 mm, the resistance value of the resistor is 100Ω, and the resistance value of the resistor is 160Ω.

[0011] Preferably: the energy transmission structure of the feed layer structure is composed of a microstrip line and a diode; the width of the microstrip line is 1.34 mm, and the model of the diode is MADP-000907-14020.

[0012] Preferably: the phase shift structure of the feed layer structure consists of a microstrip line and a grounding copper column; the width of the microstrip line is 1 mm, the width of the microstrip line is 0.88 mm, the width of the microstrip line is 0.4 mm, the diameter of the grounding copper column is 0.6 mm, and the height is 0.5 mm.

[0013] Preferably: the voltage bias circuit of the feed layer structure is composed of a microstrip line, an inductor and bias voltages V0~V11; the width of the microstrip line is 0.2mm, the length is 4mm and 5mm, the inductance value of the inductor is 24nH; the voltage values ​​of V0 and V1 are 0.1V, and the voltage value of V2~V11 is 3.3V. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Compared with the same type of beam antennas, the present invention realizes the switching function of unidirectional and bidirectional radiation beams, and has the advantages of multi-polarization, large bandwidth, miniaturization, and multiple beam states.

[0014] 2. The antenna radiation structure of the present invention can realize four polarization characteristics by exciting antenna units at different positions, and can realize switching between unidirectional radiation beam and bidirectional radiation beam by inputting equal-amplitude, in-phase or anti-phase excitation signals to antenna units at different positions.

[0015] 3. The phase shifting part of the feed layer structure of the present invention can provide a stable 180° phase difference in the 3.5-6 GHz frequency band in a small space, thereby achieving stability in the bidirectional beam radiation state.

[0016] 4. The feed layer structure of the present invention selects the feed path by controlling the on-off of the diode to achieve the selection of the feed port and the output phase. It can be controlled by an external voltage and has the advantages of convenient operation and high integration.

[0017] 5. The present invention can realize beam switching functions of four polarizations, unidirectional and bidirectional radiation, with a total of 8 beam states, and has the ability to be applied to multiple working fields.

[0018] Reference numerals: 1. Antenna radiation structure; 11. Square patch; 12. Rectangular patch; 13. Rectangular patch; 2. Dielectric plate; 21. Dielectric plate; 22. Dielectric plate; 3. Copper pillar; 31. Grounding copper pillar; 32. Feeding copper pillar; 33. Suspended copper pillar; 34. Isolation copper pillar; 35. Grounding copper pillar; 4. Metal floor; 41. Circular groove; 5. Feeding layer structure; 50. Microstrip line; 51. Microstrip line; 52. Microstrip line; 53. Resistor; 54. Resistor; 55. Microstrip line; 56. Microstrip line; 57. Microstrip line; 58. Microstrip line; 59. Inductor; 60. Diode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is an overall structural diagram of a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 The antenna radiation structure diagram of a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions proposed by the present invention; Figure 3 A feeding layer structure diagram of a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions proposed by the present invention; Figure 4 The S parameter curves of a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions proposed by the present invention in different states; Figure 5 A 3D radiation diagram of a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions in a single-beam state proposed by the present invention; Figure 6 A 3D radiation diagram of a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions in a bidirectional beam state proposed by the present invention; Figure 7 The single-beam and bidirectional-beam radiation patterns of a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions in an X-polarization state proposed by the present invention; Figure 8 The single-beam and bidirectional-beam radiation patterns of a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions in a Y-polarization state proposed by the present invention; Fig. 9 The single-beam and bidirectional-beam radiation patterns of a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions proposed by the present invention in a +45° polarization state; Fig.10 The invention provides single-beam and bidirectional-beam radiation patterns of a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions in a -45° polarization state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixedly connected or set, or detachably connected or set, or integrally connected or set. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. Example

[0022] like Figure 1-10 As shown, a multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions includes an antenna radiation structure 1, a dielectric plate 2, a copper column 3, a metal floor 4, and a feeding layer structure 5.

[0023] Specifically, the square patch 11, the rectangular patch 12, and the rectangular patch 13 with arc grooves in the present invention are all 0.035 mm thick, the length and width of the dielectric plate 2 are both 76 mm, and the length and width of the metal floor 4 are both 76 mm.

[0024] like Figure 2 The antenna radiation structure is shown, which is characterized by including a metal floor 4, a square patch 11 with an arc groove, a rectangular patch 12, a rectangular patch 13, a dielectric plate 21, a dielectric plate 22, a grounding copper column 31, a feeding copper column 32, a suspended copper column 33, and an isolation copper column 34.

[0025] The square patch 11 and the rectangular patch 12 with arc grooves are located on the front side of the dielectric plate 21 , the rectangular patch 13 is located on the back side of the dielectric plate 21 , and the feeding copper column 32 is connected to the rectangular patches 12 and 13 through the circular groove 41 .

[0026] Specifically, the square patch 11 with an arc groove has a length of 13.6 mm and a radius of the arc groove of 2 mm. The rectangular patch 12 and the rectangular patch 13 have a length of 15 mm and a width of 4.5 mm. The thickness of the dielectric plate 21 is 1 mm. The thickness of the dielectric plate 22 is 0.5 mm. The diameter of the short-circuit copper column 31 is 3 mm and the height is 11.6 mm. The diameter of the feeding copper column 32 is 3 mm and the height is 12.1 mm. The diameter of the tail suspended copper column 33 is 3 mm and the height is 4 mm. The diameter of the isolation copper column 34 is 2 mm and the length is 11.6 mm. The diameter of the circular groove 41 is 4 mm.

[0027] like Figure 3 The figure shows the feeding layer structure of the beam reconfigurable antenna, which is characterized by including a grounding copper column 35 , microstrip lines 50 , 51 , 52 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , resistors 53 , 54 , an inductor 59 , and a diode 60 .

[0028] The one-to-two power distribution structure of the feed layer structure 5 is composed of microstrip lines 51 , 52 , and resistors 53 , 54 .

[0029] Specifically, the width of the microstrip line 51 is 0.54 mm, the width of the microstrip line 52 is 1.02 mm, the resistance value of the resistor 53 is 100Ω, and the resistance value of the resistor 54 is 160Ω.

[0030] The energy transmission structure of the feeding layer structure 5 is composed of a microstrip line 50 and a diode 60 .

[0031] Specifically, the width of the microstrip line 50 is 1.34 mm, and the model of the diode 60 is MADP-000907-14020.

[0032] The phase shift structure of the feeding layer structure 5 is composed of microstrip lines 55 , 56 , 57 and a grounding copper column 35 .

[0033] Specifically, the width of the microstrip line 55 is 1 mm, the width of the microstrip line 56 is 0.88 mm, the width of the microstrip line 57 is 0.4 mm, and the diameter of the grounding copper column 35 is 0.6 mm and the height is 0.5 mm.

[0034] The voltage bias circuit of the feed layer structure 5 is composed of a microstrip line 58, an inductor 59 and bias voltages V0-V11.

[0035] Specifically, the width of the microstrip line 58 is 0.2 mm, and the length is 4 mm and 5 mm. The inductance value of the inductor 59 is 24 nH. The voltage values ​​of V0 and V1 are 0.1 V, and the voltage value of V2 to V11 is 3.3 V.

[0036] The multi-beam reconfigurable antenna has the following 8 operating modes; Mode 1: When voltage is applied to V0, V5, and V7, the antenna is in X-polarization single-beam state.

[0037] Mode 2: When voltage is applied to V0, V5, V9, and V11, the antenna is in X-polarization dual-beam state.

[0038] Mode 3: When voltage is applied to V0, V1, V2, V6, and V9, the antenna is in Y-polarization single-beam state.

[0039] Mode 4: When voltage is applied to V0, V1, V2, V4, and V10, the antenna is in Y-polarization dual-beam state.

[0040] Mode 5: When voltage is applied to V0, V3, V5, and V11, the antenna is in a +45° polarized single beam state.

[0041] Mode 6: When voltage is applied to V0, V7, V10, and V11, the antenna is in a +45° polarized dual-beam state.

[0042] Mode 7: When voltage is applied to V0, V1, V8, and V10, the antenna is in a -45° polarized single beam state.

[0043] Mode 8: When voltage is applied to V0, V1, V4, and V6, the antenna is in -45° polarized dual-beam state.

[0044] In order to further illustrate the superior performance of the multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with beam and polarization independent tuning capabilities of the present invention, the working bandwidth and radiation characteristics of the present invention were simulated using HFSS software.

[0045] like Figure 4 As shown, the S parameter simulation results of the multi-beam reconfigurable antenna of the present invention are shown. It can be seen from the figure that in the eight working modes, the frequency range in which the antenna reflection coefficient is less than -10dB is 3.5-5.9 GHz, which well covers the application frequency bands of communication systems such as traffic communication and radar detection.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, the 3D radiation patterns of the antenna in four modes, namely mode 1, mode 3, mode 5, and mode 7, are shown. It can be seen that different modes exhibit single-beam radiation characteristics in different polarization directions.

[0047] like Figure 6 As shown, the 3D radiation patterns of the antenna in four modes, namely mode 2, mode 4, mode 6, and mode 8, are displayed. It can be seen that different modes exhibit dual-beam radiation characteristics in different polarization directions.

[0048] like Figure 7As shown, the two beam states of the antenna under X polarization are shown. It can be seen that mode 1 presents a single-beam radiation characteristic, and the gain at this time is 9.9 dB; mode 2 presents a dual-beam radiation characteristic, and the beam gain at this time is 7.8 dB.

[0049] like Figure 8 As shown, the two beam states of the antenna under Y polarization are shown. It can be seen that mode 3 presents a single-beam radiation characteristic, and the gain at this time is 10.1 dB; mode 4 presents a dual-beam radiation characteristic, and the beam gain at this time is 7.7dB.

[0050] like Fig. 9 As shown, two beam states of the antenna under +45° polarization are shown. It can be seen that mode 5 presents a single-beam radiation characteristic, and the gain at this time is 10.5 dB; mode 6 presents a dual-beam radiation characteristic, and the beam gain at this time is 8 dB.

[0051] like Fig.10 As shown, two beam states of the antenna under -45° polarization are shown. It can be seen that mode 7 presents a single-beam radiation characteristic, and the gain at this time is 10.7 dB; mode 8 presents a dual-beam radiation characteristic, and the beam gain at this time is 8.1 dB.

[0052] The above results show that the multi-beam reconfigurable antenna of the present invention works in the 3.5-5.9 GHz frequency band, has 8 working modes, has four polarization modes of X polarization, Y polarization, +45° polarization, -45° polarization, and has two radiation states of single beam radiation and dual beam radiation in the same polarization. By switching the antenna working mode through an external voltage, the polarization and beam state can be independently tuned, and it has the advantages of multi-polarization, miniaturization, multiple beam states, and convenient operation.

[0053] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions, characterized in that: It includes an antenna radiation structure 1, a dielectric plate 2, a copper column 3, a metal floor 4, and a feed layer structure 5; The antenna radiation structure 1 includes a metal floor 4, a square patch 11 with an arc groove, a rectangular patch 12, a rectangular patch 13, a dielectric plate 21, a dielectric plate 22, a grounding copper column 31, a feeding copper column 32, a suspended copper column 33, and an isolation copper column 34; The feeding layer structure 5 includes a grounding copper column 35 , microstrip lines 50 , 51 , 52 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , resistors 53 , 54 , an inductor 59 , and a diode 60 .

2. The multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The square patch 11, the rectangular patch 12, and the rectangular patch 13 with arc grooves are all 0.035 mm thick, the length and width of the dielectric plate 2 are both 76 mm, and the length and width of the metal floor 4 are both 76 mm.

3. The multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The square patch 11 and the rectangular patch 12 with arc grooves are located on the front side of the dielectric plate 21 , the rectangular patch 13 is located on the back side of the dielectric plate 21 , and the feeding copper column 32 is connected to the rectangular patches 12 and 13 through the circular groove 41 .

4. The multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The square patch 11 with an arc groove has a length of 13.6 mm and a radius of the arc groove of 2 mm; the rectangular patch 12 and the rectangular patch 13 have a length of 15 mm and a width of 4.5 mm; the thickness of the dielectric plate 21 is 1 mm; the thickness of the dielectric plate 22 is 0.5 mm; the diameter of the short-circuit copper column 31 is 3 mm and the height is 11.6 mm; the diameter of the feeding copper column 32 is 3 mm and the height is 12.1 mm; the diameter of the tail suspended copper column 33 is 3 mm and the height is 4 mm; the diameter of the isolation copper column 34 is 2 mm and the length is 11.6 mm; the diameter of the circular groove 41 is 4 mm.

5. The multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-to-two power distribution structure of the feed layer structure 5 is composed of microstrip lines 51, 52, resistors 53, 54; the width of the microstrip line 51 is 0.54mm, the width of the microstrip line 52 is 1.02mm, the resistance value of the resistor 53 is 100Ω, and the resistance value of the resistor 54 is 160Ω.

6. The multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy transmission structure of the feed layer structure 5 is composed of a microstrip line 50 and a diode 60 ; the width of the microstrip line 50 is 1.34 mm, and the model of the diode 60 is MADP-000907-14020.

7. The multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase shift structure of the feed layer structure 5 is composed of microstrip lines 55, 56, 57 and a grounding copper column 35; the width of the microstrip line 55 is 1 mm, the width of the microstrip line 56 is 0.88 mm, the width of the microstrip line 57 is 0.4 mm, and the diameter of the grounding copper column 35 is 0.6 mm and the height is 0.5 mm.

8. The multi-beam reconfigurable antenna with multi-polarization and beam switching functions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage bias circuit of the feed layer structure 5 is composed of a microstrip line 58, an inductor 59 and bias voltages V0~V11; the width of the microstrip line 58 is 0.2mm, the length is 4mm and 5mm, and the inductance value of the inductor 59 is 24nH; the voltage values ​​of V0 and V1 are 0.1V, and the voltage value of V2~V11 is 3.3V.

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