Vertical axis wind turbine with blades rotating adaptively along with wind speed change

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, in particular to a vertical axis wind turbine with blades rotating in a self-adaptive mode along with wind speed changes. The two vertical main shafts are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the supporting cylinder; the base is arranged at the bottom end of the vertical main shaft located at the bottom; the turning system is arranged in an inner cavity of the supporting cylinder; one ends of the two sets of supporting shafts are connected with the two sides of the turning system correspondingly, and the other ends of the supporting shafts extend out of the supporting cylinders; the blade is arranged at the other end of the supporting shaft; when the turning system is started, the supporting shafts on the two sides can be driven to drive the blades to rotate and adjust in the same direction at 0-90 degrees. By means of the direction changing system, the blades can automatically adjust the rotation angle and change the blade load according to the wind speed change, safe shutdown of the wind turbine is ensured, the risk that the supporting arms deform or are damaged due to overload is reduced, the overall structural safety is improved, and the service life is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular to a vertical axis wind turbine with blades that rotate adaptively as wind speed changes. Background Art

[0002] As an important wind power generation equipment, vertical axis wind turbine has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and adaptability to multi-directional wind directions. Therefore, it has been widely used in the field of small wind power generation. Due to these characteristics of vertical axis wind turbines, medium and large wind turbines are also under research and development. However, in actual operation, especially under strong wind conditions, vertical axis wind turbines face huge energy impact from the incoming wind. This situation will cause the wind turbine blades to transfer a considerable load to the wind turbine blade support structure while bearing strong wind loads.

[0003] When the wind speed is high, the energy of the incoming wind increases sharply, causing the blades of the wind turbine to generate extremely high aerodynamic forces. This force not only increases the fatigue damage of the blades, but also significantly increases the structural load of the blade support. If there are no effective control measures, the supporting structure may be deformed, worn, or even structurally damaged due to the excessive load, seriously affecting the normal operation and service life of the wind turbine.

[0004] In order to deal with this problem, horizontal axis wind turbines are usually equipped with a variable pitch system to reduce wind loads by adjusting the pitch angle of the blades. However, vertical axis wind turbines are currently usually unable to change pitch. In addition, vertical axis wind turbines are equipped with variable pitch, and the variable pitch structure is relatively complex. Because the blades are far away from the center of the hub, the variable pitch mechanism requires a long drive mechanism to make the blades rotate with variable pitch. This drive structure must also be executed by the support arm that supports the blades, which undoubtedly aggravates the structure and support of the blades. In addition, the variable pitch of the horizontal axis wind turbine is used to adjust the power. Because the blade angle of attack basically does not change after the pitch is changed, the power and shutdown protection can be adjusted well. Unlike the horizontal axis wind turbine, after the vertical axis wind turbine changes its pitch, the angle of attack of its blades continues to change after one rotation, which can only change the output power and cannot be shut down well.

[0005] Therefore, in view of the characteristics of vertical axis wind turbines, the present invention proposes a vertical axis wind turbine with a wind speed adaptive direction changing system, which is specifically used to adjust the rotation angle of the blades, adjust the power, change the blade load, and ensure the safe shutdown of the wind turbine under strong wind conditions. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above problems or at least partially solve the above problems, and to propose a vertical axis wind turbine with blades that rotate adaptively as wind speed changes.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a vertical axis wind turbine with blades that rotate adaptively with wind speed, comprising: a support tube; a vertical main shaft, two of which are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the support tube; a base, the base being arranged at the bottom end of the vertical main shaft located at the bottom; a direction-changing system, the direction-changing system being arranged in the inner cavity of the support tube; a support shaft, one end of two groups of the support shafts being respectively connected to the two sides of the direction-changing system, and the other end of the support shaft extending out of the support tube; a blade, the blade being arranged at the other end of the support shaft;

[0008] When the direction-changing system is started, the support shafts on both sides can be driven to drive the blades to rotate and adjust in the same direction between 0 and 90 degrees.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, a wind meter and an anemometer are respectively provided on both sides of the upper surface of the vertical main shaft located at the top of the support tube.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the direction-changing system includes a support arm, a toothed bearing, a servo motor, a first gear, a power source, and a second gear;

[0011] The support arm is a hollow structure, and the support arm is vertically arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the support tube. Toothed bearings are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the support arm, and the toothed bearing includes an inner ring and an outer ring. The inner wall circumference of the inner ring or the outer wall circumference of the outer ring has a toothed structure. The inner ring or outer ring with a toothed structure is installed together with the support arm, and the inner ring or outer ring without a toothed structure located at the top of the support arm is installed together with the inner wall of the support tube. A servo motor is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support tube, and a first gear is arranged at the output end of the servo motor. The first gear is connected to a first gear located at the support The inner ring or outer ring with a toothed structure at the bottom of the support arm is meshed together, a power supply electrically connected to the servo motor is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support tube, first gears in the horizontal direction are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the support arm, and first gears in the vertical direction are rotatably provided on both sides of the inner wall of the support tube, one of the first gears in the horizontal direction is meshed with one of the first gears in the vertical direction, and another first gear in the horizontal direction is meshed with another first gear in the vertical direction, and the outer side of the first gear in the vertical direction is installed together with one end of the support shaft.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, a backup power supply electrically connected to the servo motor is also provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support tube.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, a first sensor is disposed at the bottom of the toothed bearing at the bottom of the support arm, and a second sensor is disposed on the inner side of the blade.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. The present invention uses a direction-changing system to enable the blades to automatically adjust their rotation angles according to wind speed changes. Under strong wind conditions, the wind turbine can be safely shut down by adjusting the blade rotation, adjusting the power, and changing the blade load, thereby greatly reducing the torque transmitted to the support arm, reducing the risk of deformation or damage of the support arm due to overload, and improving the overall structural safety and service life;

[0016] 2. The present invention can dynamically adjust the blade rotation angle according to the real-time wind speed data monitored by the anemometer and the anemometer through the direction change system. Under extreme wind speed conditions, the blades are rotated in the horizontal direction until the blades are completely in a horizontal state. At this time, the wind sweeping area of ​​the vertical axis wind turbine is the blade area, and the wind turbine is shut down, ensuring the safety of the wind turbine under extreme wind speed conditions;

[0017] 3. The present invention effectively reduces the stress on the supports and blades of the vertical axis wind turbine, thereby reducing fatigue damage and extending the service life of key components. It not only reduces the maintenance frequency and cost of the equipment, but also improves the economic benefits and reliability of the wind turbine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure after the present invention is changed;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the support arm in the direction-changing system of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure inside the support tube of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a control logic flow chart of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: 1. base; 2. blades; 3. support shaft; 4. direction changing system; 41. support arm; 42. toothed bearing; 43. sensor one; 44. servo motor; 45. first gear; 46. power supply; 47. backup power supply; 48. second gear; 5. vertical main shaft; 6. anemometer; 7. anemometer; 8. sensor two; 9. support tube. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] See also Figure 1-Figure 5 The present invention provides a technical solution: a vertical axis wind turbine with blades adaptively rotating as wind speed changes, comprising: a support tube 9, a vertical main shaft 5, a base 1, a direction-changing system 4, a support shaft 3 and blades 2, wherein two vertical main shafts 5 are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the support tube 9; the base 1 is arranged at the bottom end of the vertical main shaft 5 located at the bottom; the direction-changing system 4 is arranged in the inner cavity of the support tube 9; one ends of the two groups of support shafts 3 are respectively connected to the two sides of the direction-changing system 4, and the other ends of the support shafts 3 extend out of the support tube 9; the blades 2 are arranged at the other end of the support shaft 3; when the direction-changing system 4 is started, the support shafts 3 on both sides can be driven to drive the blades 2 to rotate in the same direction of 0 to 90 degrees.

[0026] In a specific implementation, a wind meter 6 and an anemometer 7 are respectively arranged on both sides of the upper surface of the vertical main shaft 5 located at the top of the support tube 9.

[0027] In a specific implementation, the direction-changing system 4 includes a support arm 41, a toothed bearing 42, a servo motor 44, a first gear 45, a power source 46 and a second gear 48;

[0028] The support arm 41 is a hollow structure, and the support arm 41 is vertically arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the support tube 9. The upper and lower ends of the support arm 41 are provided with toothed bearings 42, and the toothed bearings 42 include an inner ring and an outer ring. The inner wall circumference of the inner ring or the outer wall circumference of the outer ring has a toothed structure. The inner ring or outer ring with a toothed structure is installed together with the support arm 41, and the inner ring or outer ring without a toothed structure at the top of the support arm 41 is installed together with the inner wall of the support tube 9. A servo motor 44 is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support tube 9, and a first gear 45 is arranged at the output end of the servo motor 44. The first gear 45 is connected to the support arm 41. The inner ring or outer ring with a toothed structure at the bottom is meshed together, a power supply 46 electrically connected to the servo motor 44 is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support cylinder 9, first horizontal gears 48 are arranged on both sides of the outer wall of the support arm 41, and first vertical gears 48 are rotatably arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the support cylinder 9, one of the horizontal first gears 48 is meshed with one of the vertical first gears 48, the other horizontal first gear 48 is meshed with the other vertical first gear 48, and the outer side of the vertical first gear 48 is installed together with one end of the support shaft 3.

[0029] In specific implementation, a backup power supply 47 electrically connected to the servo motor 44 is also provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support tube 9. When the power supply 46 fails, it can automatically switch to the backup motor 47 to provide continuous power supply to the servo motor 44 and the control system, ensuring that the blades 2 can adjust their direction in time under extreme wind speed conditions, thereby avoiding structural damage.

[0030] During specific implementation, a sensor 43 is provided at the bottom of the toothed bearing 42 at the bottom of the support arm 41, and a sensor 8 is provided on the inner side of the blade 2. The sensor 43 is used to monitor the rotation position and angle of the blade and the power generation of the generator in real time, and feed the data back to the control system to ensure the accuracy and timeliness of the direction change operation. At the same time, the sensor 43 has a self-diagnosis function, which can send an alarm signal to the control system when the sensor 43 fails or is abnormal, and switch to a backup sensor (not shown in the accompanying drawings) to ensure the accuracy of the direction adjustment of the blade 2 and the continuous operation of the system.

[0031] The detailed connection means are well-known in the art. The following mainly introduces the working principle and process. The specific work is as follows:

[0032] When the wind speed is within the rated range, the control system keeps the blades 2 of the vertical axis wind turbine in a direction perpendicular to the ground or parallel to the vertical main axis 5 to ensure the maximum swept wind area;

[0033] When the anemometer 6 and the anemometer 7 detect that the wind speed exceeds the rated range, the control system starts the direction changing system 4, drives the toothed bearing 42 through the servo motor 44 to drive the support arm 41 to rotate, and drives the support shaft 3 and the blade 2 to rotate with the cooperation of the second gear 48, so that the blade 2 rotates a certain angle in the horizontal direction with the center of the support arm 41 as the rotation axis, so as to reduce the wind sweeping area of ​​the wind turbine;

[0034] The control system dynamically adjusts the rotation angle of blade 2 according to real-time wind speed data to maintain safe operation of the wind turbine under different wind speed conditions while maximizing power output;

[0035] When the wind turbine is in a stationary shutdown state, the blade 2 rotates in a horizontal direction, and the direction of the blade 2 is perpendicular to the vertical main axis 5, ensuring that the wind turbine sweeping area is the blade area. When the wind speed meets the starting conditions, the servo motor 44 is immediately started through the direction changing system 4, and the horizontal direction of the blade 2 is adjusted to rotate in a direction perpendicular to the ground by rotating the support arm 41, increasing the wind sweeping area of ​​the wind wheel until the blade 2 is parallel to the vertical main axis 5; when the wind speed exceeds the rated wind speed, the direction changing system 4 can immediately drive the blade 2 to rotate in the horizontal direction. Between the rated wind speed and the shutdown wind speed, the rotation angle is adjusted according to the amount of power generation. When the wind speed reaches the shutdown wind speed, the support arm 41 is driven to rotate through the direction changing system 4 until the blade 2 is completely in a horizontal state. At this time, the wind sweeping area of ​​the wind wheel is the blade area.

[0036] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vertical axis wind turbine with blades that rotate adaptively with wind speed, characterized in that: Included are: Support tube (9); A vertical main shaft (5), two vertical main shafts (5) are provided at the upper and lower ends of the support cylinder (9); A base (1), the base (1) being arranged at the bottom end of a vertical main shaft (5) located at the bottom; A direction-changing system (4), wherein the direction-changing system (4) is arranged in the inner cavity of the support tube (9); Support shafts (3), one end of the two groups of support shafts (3) is respectively connected to two sides of the direction-changing system (4), and the other end of the support shaft (3) extends out of a support tube (9); A blade (2), wherein the blade (2) is arranged at the other end of the support shaft (3); When the direction-changing system (4) is started, it can drive the support shafts (3) on both sides to drive the blades (2) to rotate and adjust in the same direction within a range of 0 to 90 degrees.

2. A vertical axis wind turbine with blades that rotate adaptively with wind speed according to claim 1, characterized in that: A wind meter (6) and an anemometer (7) are respectively arranged on both sides of the upper surface of the vertical main shaft (5) located at the top of the support tube (9).

3. A vertical axis wind turbine with blades that rotate adaptively with wind speed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The direction-changing system (4) comprises a support arm (41), a toothed bearing (42), a servo motor (44), a first gear (45), a power source (46) and a second gear (48); The support arm (41) is a hollow structure. The support arm (41) is vertically arranged in the middle of the inner cavity of the support tube (9). The upper and lower ends of the support arm (41) are provided with toothed bearings (42). The toothed bearing (42) includes an inner ring and an outer ring. The inner wall circumference of the inner ring or the outer wall circumference of the outer ring has a toothed structure. The inner ring or the outer ring with the toothed structure is installed together with the support arm (41). The inner ring or the outer ring without the toothed structure located at the top of the support arm (41) is installed together with the inner wall of the support tube (9). A servo motor (44) is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support tube (9). The output end of the servo motor (44) is provided with a first gear (45). The first gear (45) is connected to the support tube (9). The inner ring or outer ring with a toothed structure at the bottom of the support arm (41) is meshed together, and a power supply (46) electrically connected to the servo motor (44) is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support tube (9). Horizontal first gears (48) are provided on both sides of the outer wall of the support arm (41), and vertical first gears (48) are rotatably provided on both sides of the inner wall of the support tube (9), one of the first horizontal gears (48) is meshed with one of the first vertical gears (48), and another first horizontal gear (48) is meshed with another first vertical gear (48), and the outer side of the first vertical gear (48) is installed together with one end of the support shaft (3).

4. A vertical axis wind turbine with blades that rotate adaptively with wind speed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the inner cavity of the support tube (9) is also provided with a backup power supply (47) electrically connected to the servo motor (44).

5. A vertical axis wind turbine with blades that rotate adaptively with wind speed according to claim 4, characterized in that: A sensor 1 (43) is arranged at the bottom of the toothed bearing (42) at the bottom of the support arm (41), and a sensor 2 (8) is arranged on the inner side of the blade (2).

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