Decoupled uplink and downlink for timing pre-compensation

Abstract

The invention relates to a decoupled uplink and downlink for timing pre-compensation. There is at least one method and apparatus for performing: based on determining a routing point handover of a serving base station from a source routing point to a target routing point in a communication network: creating a pre-compensated transition window for a start and an end of a transition time between availability of the source routing point and availability of the target routing point, and using the duration of the pre-compensated transition window on at least uplink transmissions with the target routing point and at least downlink receptions from the source routing point; and performing at least one of time or frequency pre-compensation based on the pre-compensation transition window to accommodate a time difference of at least one of the serving base station during or after routing point handover, or to accommodate a difference in propagation paths between the source routing point and the target routing point, to maintain continuity of communication of the device at least during start and end of the transition time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Teachings according to example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to configuring the behavior of user equipment in a communication network to allow uplink continuity in transmission. More specifically, they relate to a new machine learning dedicated bearer for performing machine learning or artificial intelligence related configuration of the behavior of user equipment in routing point switching in a communication network to allow uplink continuity in transmission by creating a time and / or frequency pre-compensation "switching window". Background Art

[0002] This section is intended to provide background or context to the disclosure recited in the claims. The descriptions herein may include concepts that may be pursued, but not necessarily concepts that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated herein, what is described in this section is not prior art to the specification and claims in this application and is not considered prior art by virtue of being included in this section.

[0003] Certain abbreviations that may be found in this specification and / or drawings are defined herein as follows: 3GPP: Third Generation Partnership Project DL: Downlink gNB: Base station of 5G system GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System NTN: Non-Terrestrial Network RAN: Radio Access Network RTT: Round Trip Time Rx: Receiver (or receive) SIB: System Information Broadcast TA: Timing ahead TN: Terrestrial Network Tx: Transmitter (or send) UE: User Equipment UL: Uplink

[0004] There are challenges in routing operations in communication networks such as 4G, 5G or 6G networks, etc. Routing operations in these communication systems must be compatible with many existing network technologies and principles, such as Internet Protocol or network-based routing, existing network-based mobility functions, and even satellite system communications, etc.

[0005] At this point, constellations of geosynchronous satellites are used to establish communication systems between each other and / or ground terminals, stations, or other equipment on Earth. Satellites can be classified based on altitude, orbit, and / or other parameters, with some of the more common classifications including: Low Earth Orbit (LEO); Medium Earth Orbit (MEO); High Earth Orbit (HEO); Semi-synchronous Orbit (SSO); Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO); Geostationary Orbit (GSO), and Regional Geostationary Orbit (ASO). In addition to the separation required to avoid physical conflicts, satellites may require a certain amount of orbital separation or angular separation to avoid interference caused by signals overlapping or otherwise conflicting with each other. In communication technologies such as 5G and LTE, these events may result in satellite handoffs for ground base stations.

[0006] Example embodiments of the present disclosure propose improved operations for such satellite and routing point operations. Public Content

[0007] This section contains examples of possible implementations and is not meant to be limiting.

[0008] In another exemplary aspect of the present disclosure, there is an apparatus, such as a user equipment side or a network side apparatus, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one non-volatile memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: based on determining a routing point switch of a serving base station from a source routing point to a target routing point in a communication network: create a pre-compensated switching window for the start and end of a switching time between the availability of the source routing point and the availability of the target routing point, wherein the creation starts at a point in time and the duration of the pre-compensated switching window is used on at least uplink transmission using the target routing point and at least downlink reception from the source routing point; and based on the pre-compensated switching window, perform at least one of time or frequency pre-compensation to adapt to at least one time difference of the serving base station during or after the routing point switch, or to adapt to the difference in propagation paths between the source routing point and the target routing point, so as to maintain the continuity of communication of the apparatus at least during the start and end of the switching time.

[0009] In yet another example aspect of the present disclosure, there is a method comprising: based on determining a routing point switch of a serving base station from a source routing point to a target routing point in a communication network: creating a pre-compensated switching window for the start and end of a switching time between availability of the source routing point and availability of the target routing point, wherein the creation starts at a point in time and the duration of the pre-compensated switching window is used on at least uplink transmission using the target routing point and at least downlink reception from the source routing point; and based on the pre-compensated switching window, performing at least one of time or frequency pre-compensation to adapt to a time difference of at least one of when the serving base station is during or after the routing point switch, or to adapt to a difference in propagation paths between the source routing point and the target routing point, to maintain continuity of communication of the device at least during the start and end of the switching time.

[0010] Another example embodiment is an apparatus and method comprising the apparatus and method of the preceding paragraphs, wherein at least one of the source routing point and the target routing point is embodied in an aerospace device, wherein the timing advance value is considered for timing advance calculations before, during, and after a pre-compensation switch window, wherein during the pre-compensation switch window there is: application of a timing advance corresponding to at least a delay between the apparatus and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with the source routing point; and, if applicable, application of at least one of: a timing advance delay or outage time between the apparatus and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point, wherein after the pre-compensation switch window, there is a timing advance between the apparatus and the uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point. a calculation of a round trip time between an apparatus and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with a source routing point, wherein after a pre-compensation switching window, a downlink and an uplink coupling with the same round trip time are associated with a target routing point, and wherein a timing advance is equal to the round trip time between the uplink synchronization reference points associated with the target routing point, wherein during the pre-compensation switching window, a timing advance equal to a delay is applied between the apparatus and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with a source routing point, wherein an uplink transmission associated with the target routing point and a downlink reception associated with the source routing point have different paths or delays; and a delay is applied between the apparatus and the uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point, wherein if applicable, a delay shall be applied between the apparatus and the uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point. The invention relates to a method for calculating a round trip time based on a decoupling between an uplink routing point and a downlink routing point before a serving cell switching and based on a switching window; a downlink delay reference is calculated from source routing point information and a path delay is calculated from target routing point information in a pre-compensated switching window; wherein the calculation includes a timing advance, wherein during the switching period, a downlink reference is received from the source routing point and an uplink reference is a signal sent toward the target routing point for downlink and uplink decoupling; and after the switching window, a round trip time toward the target routing point is calculated, wherein the calculation includes timing, wherein a parameter is introduced when a time gap is configured at a serving base station to adapt to when the information is in the forward direction. wherein receiving a switching window from a serving base station for at least one of the first and second cells is received, wherein receiving a switching window parameter for a start and duration of a switching window from a serving base station, wherein the parameter is implicitly passed, wherein transmission to the target routing point is started at a time T before a service time is reached, wherein T is calculated from routing point assistance information provided for at least one of the source cell or the target cell, wherein the duration of the switching window is measured in time slots, wherein receiving a slot from a serving base station to be used to accommodate a time difference before and after a handover on the serving base station side, wherein maintaining or resetting N is received from the serving base station during at least one switching time or after the handover is completed. TAAn indication of a value, wherein an indication to exclude from RACH-free hard handover and perform a new random access channel is received from a serving base station, and / or wherein an indication of a time point to create a pre-compensation switching window is received from a communications network.

[0011] A non-transitory computer readable medium storing program code is coupled, the program code being executed by at least one processor to perform at least the method as described in the above paragraphs.

[0012] A communication system includes a network side device and a user equipment side device to perform the above-mentioned operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The above and other aspects, features and benefits of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent through the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference symbols are used to represent the same or equivalent elements. The accompanying drawings are shown to facilitate a better understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale, wherein:

[0014] Figure 1 An example architecture of a non-terrestrial network is shown;

[0015] Figure 2A Satellite handover is shown with no change in serving gNB;

[0016] Figure 2B Shown in T TA The downlink frame i and the uplink frame i generated at

[0017] Figure 3 shows the relationship of slot counts in DL and UL at a given point in an example NTN system;

[0018] Figure 4 shows the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) activities of the gNB and UE from / to the serving satellite when t-service is reached at the end of gNB timeslot n;

[0019] Figure 5 On the left side is shown the propagation paths that the UE considers for precompensation, assuming that the access point or routing point through the source satellite will be used for timing advance precompensation, and on the right side is shown that during the transition period, when performing timing precompensation, the UE assumes a decoupling between the UL and DL paths;

[0020] Figure 6 shows a high-level block diagram of various devices for performing various aspects of the present disclosure; and

[0021] Figure 7 A method that can be performed by an apparatus according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In an example embodiment of the present disclosure, at least a method and apparatus for a new machine learning dedicated bearer are proposed, including creating a time and / or frequency pre-compensation "transition window" and performing machine learning or artificial intelligence related configuration of the behavior of the user equipment during routing point switching in the communication network to allow uplink continuity of transmission.

[0023] The feasibility of using 5G NR standards to support non-terrestrial networks has been studied during the 3GPP standards release at the time of this application. In these standards, it is assumed that UEs supporting NTN have GNSS capabilities [1]. In NTN systems, 5G base stations (gNBs) or gNB functions are deployed on satellites or relayed by gNBs in a transparent manner to provide communication coverage over very large areas that are otherwise unreachable by cellular networks. Such functionality can be used to globally connect IoT devices as well as provide personal communications in remote areas and in disaster relief.

[0024] Figure 1 An example NTN scenario is shown. Figure 1 As shown, there is a field of view of a satellite (or UAS platform) that includes a service link with the satellite (or UAS platform) that has a feeder link to a data network gateway.

[0025] Different types of satellite orbits have been investigated for NR access, including low earth orbit (LEO) satellites orbiting at approximately 600 km above the Earth. From Nokia's point of view, LEO is assumed to be the most interesting business case (compared to higher orbits such as geostationary satellites). For the standard, it is assumed that the typical beam coverage size for LEO satellites is between 100-1000 km radius [2]. Therefore, one LEO satellite can cover a very large area on the Earth that may include multiple countries.

[0026] In the standards at the time of this application, the subject of unchanged PCI was introduced (or was considered for introduction in 3GPP) with the goal of reducing signaling overhead and simplifying the RRC procedures for the UE. The working principle is that after satellite handover, the serving gNB (terrestrial) does not change, so (most of) the cell configuration can be kept without changing PCI, frequency and other cell configuration parameters (e.g. servingCellconfigCommon). The satellite handover is then almost transparent to the UE, which does not require performing L3 mobility (i.e. handover procedures) and does not require updating security keys.

[0027] The conditions for this mechanism to work are: NTN cells must be deployed as quasi-Earth Fixed Cells (EFC) because the cell coverage area should not change. ● The network (NW) should instruct the UE how / when to perform DL and UL after satellite switching Synchronous, or • The network will accept the interruption gaps for the UE to detect the new timing and adapt to it.

[0028] In the standards at the time of this application, the focus is on a transparent architecture and the most obvious case is when the cells are provided by the same gNB, i.e. the same cell with a fixed PCI is provided by the same gNB, so only the satellite node changes.

[0029] Figure 2A An example of satellite handover is shown where the PCI remains unchanged in a transparent EFC based deployment.

[0030] The following steps occur during a satellite switch: 1. A stationary UE is served by satellite-1 (i.e., blue cell), 2. As satellite-1 moves away from the UE and satellite-2 gets closer, the NW indicates when satellite handover will occur and how to perform resynchronization to the new cell, 3. Once Satellite-2 takes over (orange cell), the UE performs DL / UL synchronization operations to reconnect.

[0031] Even though the UE is being served by a new satellite, it does not change the serving gNB, so it can keep the cell configuration. Satellite-1 and Satellite-2 are configured with the same PCI, the same UE context, and the same protocol stack (including SSB generation, encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, the same CORESET configuration, and switching routing). However, according to the UE's reference, Satellite-1 and Satellite-2 introduce different frequency (i.e., Doppler) and timing drift.

[0032] In the standards at the time of this application, it is at least agreed to support hard satellite handover with unchanged PCI and without L3 mobility. However, the exact details have not been decided so far.

[0033] Currently, in NTN, the UE is responsible for performing time and frequency pre-compensation for UL transmissions, using the ephemeris and common delay information broadcast by the gNB to perform calculations related to feeder link and serving link compensation.

[0034] The behavior of the UE regarding pre-compensation is found in the 3GPP specifications as follows.

[0035] In the standards at the time of this application, the timing of the UL frames in the NTN is said to be relative to the DL timing advance factor Among them, the weight and is specific to NTN.

[0036] According to these standards: downlink, uplink and sidelink transmissions are organized into blocks with duration T f =(△f max N f / 100)·T c =10ms frame, each frame consists of a duration of T sf =(△f max N f / 1000)·T c =1 ms. The number of consecutive OFDM symbols in each subframe is T sf =(△f max N f / 1000)·T c =1 ms. Each frame is divided into two equally sized half-frames of five sub-frames, including half-frame 0 consisting of sub-frames 0 to 4 and half-frame 1 consisting of sub-frames 5 to 9.

[0037] There are a set of frames in uplink and a set of frames in downlink on the carrier.

[0038] The uplink frame number i from the UE for transmission should be T before the start of the corresponding downlink frame at the UE sf =(△f max N f / 1000)·T c =1ms, where: -N TA and N TA,offset Given by the clauses in the standard, except for the transmission of msgA on PUSCH, where N TA =0 will be used; - Given by clauses in the standard derived from higher layer parameters TACommon, TACommonDrift and TACommonDriftVariation (if configured), otherwise - Given by clauses in the standard calculated by the UE based on higher layer parameters related to the UE position and the serving satellite ephemeris (if configured), otherwise

[0039] Figure 2B Shown in T TA The downlink frame i and uplink frame i generated at .

[0040] In the standard at the time of this application there are instructions on how the UE should proceed to perform UL synchronization using information related to UL synchronization with respect to the serving satellite.

[0041] According to the standards at the time of this application, the transmission timing adjustment […] uses the higher layer ephemeris parameters for the serving satellite (if provided), based on the UE determining the position of the serving satellite and its own position UE pre-compensates for the two-way transmission delay on the serving link. In order to pre-compensate for the two-way transmission delay between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the serving satellite, as in the standard, the UE pre-compensates for the two-way transmission delay between the uplink time synchronization reference point and the serving satellite based on the one-way propagation delay Delay common (t) Determine UE will Delay common (t) determined as follows: Among them, TA Common TA CommonDrift and TA CommonDriftVariant Provided by ta-Common, ta-CommonDrift, and ta-CommonDriftVariant, respectively, and t epoch It's TA Common TA CommonDrift and TA CommonDriftVariant epoch time, Delay common (t) provides the distance between the serving satellite and the uplink time synchronization reference point at time t divided by the speed of light. The uplink time synchronization reference point is the DL and UL time synchronization reference point with N TA,offset The offset given is the point at which frame alignment is performed.

[0042] Finally, the standard at the time of this application indicates the required accuracy of UE timing pre-compensation based on the presence of a DL signal, and defines the DL reference signal as the time point at which the UE receives a DL frame.

[0043] The UE initial transmission timing error should be less than or equal to ±T e_NTN , where the timing error limit value T e_NTN is specified in the standard. This requirement applies to: - when it is the first transmission in a DRX cycle for PUCCH, PUSCH and SRS, Either it is a PRACH transmission or it is a msgA transmission.

[0044] The UE shall meet T e_NTN Required, provided that at least one SSB is available at the UE during the last 160 ms and the UE has TA,common and N TA,UE-specific The reference point for the UE's initial transmission timing control requirement should be the downlink timing of the reference cell minus

[0045] The downlink timing is defined as the time when the first path (in time) of the corresponding downlink frame used by the UE to determine the downlink timing is received at the UE antenna from the reference cell.

[0046] PRACH N TA Defined as 0. For other channels (with T c Unit) is the UE transmission timing immediately after the last timing advance in clause 7.3 is applied or or The difference between the downlink timing after the last update in .

[0047] In the unchanged PCI scenario, the satellite handover occurs transparently to the UE. This means that the UE switches from the source satellite access node to the target satellite access node without performing L3 mobility and without changing the serving gNB. Although some example embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to hard satellite handover scenarios, the same modifications proposed according to example embodiments of the present disclosure are valid for soft satellite handover.

[0048] The basic problem being addressed by the example embodiments of the present disclosure is that due to the very large propagation delay, the one-way delay in both DL and UL in NTN will typically correspond to several time slots. For example, consider the following case: The feeder link delay (delay between the gNB’s gateway on Earth and the satellite) t1 corresponds to x1 time slots, where: ○ And t slot is the duration of a time slot, • Likewise, the serving link delay (delay between satellite and UE) t2 corresponds to x2 time slots.

[0049] For the examples described in this section, N TA and N TA-offset The values ​​are considered equal to zero. However, this is not always the case. This does not change the general idea presented, and those values ​​can be reintroduced in the calculations without compromising the ideas presented.

[0050] In this case, for simplicity and without loss of generality, it is assumed that the DL and UL timeslot numbers at the gNB are aligned and the following relationship in timeslot numbering is observed in the system at a given point in time (see Figure 3 ): ●In satellite: o The DL slot (blue) is delayed by x1 slots (i.e., n-x1) relative to the slot being transmitted by the gNB; ○ The UL timeslot (green) is advanced by x1 timeslots (i.e., n+x1) relative to the timeslot currently being received by the gNB; ●In UE: ○ The DL timestamp that the UE is receiving is delayed by x1+x2 timeslots relative to the timestamp that the gNB is transmitting (i.e., n-[x1+x2]); ○ The UL timestamp sent by the UE is x1+x2 timeslots ahead of the timestamp currently received by the gNB (i.e., n+[x1+x2]).

[0051] Figure 3 The slot count relationship in DL and UL at a given point in the NTN system of this example is shown.

[0052] The parameter t-service in the technical specification indicates the point in time at which a given satellite will stop serving an area. This means that Figure 3 In the example of , the satellite will no longer cover the UE indicated in the figure.

[0053] In this case, if the time indicated by the parameter t-service is reached when slot n is sent by the gNB, i.e. Figure 3 The precise time points indicated in , require several considerations: ●On the UL side: ○ Before arriving at t-service, the time slot between (n and n+x1] has been transmitted by the satellite; ○ But they have not reached the gNB before reaching t-service. ●On the DL side: ○ Before reaching t-service, the DL timeslots between [n-x1 and n-x1-x2] will have been sent by the satellite to the UE; ○ But they have not reached the UE before reaching the t-service.

[0054] This also indicates that the gNB must stop DL transmissions towards the current serving satellite x1 slot before slot n (i.e. at slot n-x1) because this is the last slot that the UE can reach using this satellite. Similarly, the UE must stop transmitting towards the target satellite x2 slot before actually reaching t-service. The slot given by n+x1 is the last slot that can be received by the gNB. This is in Figure 4 Shown in.

[0055] Figure 4 The downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) activities of the gNB and UE to / from the serving satellite are shown when t-service is reached at the end of gNB timeslot n.

[0056] For service continuity or just continuity, in a hard handover of satellites, the UE will start UL transmission towards the target satellite at timeslot n+x1+1. However, the problem is that for an extended period of time (until UL timeslot n+2x2+x1), the UE does not receive synchronization signals from the target satellite, but only receives information from the source satellite.

[0057] According to example embodiments of the present disclosure, the behavior of the UE is modified to allow UL continuity on transmission by creating a time and / or frequency pre-compensation "switching window". In this switching window, the UE calculates the RTT by assuming decoupling between UL and DL access points or routing points. Assuming the same transparent architecture for the gNB, the time and frequency in the UL on the gNB side may not change.

[0058] Before describing in detail the example embodiments disclosed herein, reference is made to Figure 6 , which is used to illustrate a simplified block diagram of various electronic devices that are suitable for implementing the example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0059] Figure 6 is a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting system in which example embodiments may be implemented.

[0060] Go to Figure 6 , which shows a block diagram of one possible and non-limiting example in which the examples may be implemented. A user equipment (UE) 110 and a radio access LTE, 5G or 6G network base station (i.e., gNB 170) and NCE / MME / GW 190 are shown. Figure 6In the example of , a user equipment (UE) 110 wirelessly communicates with a wireless network 100. A UE is a wireless device that can access the wireless network 100. The UE 110 includes one or more processors 120, one or more memories 125, and one or more transceivers 130 interconnected by one or more buses 127. Each of the one or more transceivers 130 includes a receiver Rx 132 and a transmitter Tx 133. The one or more buses 127 can be address, data, or control buses, and can include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of lines on a motherboard or integrated circuit, optical fiber or other optical communication devices, etc. The one or more transceivers 130 are connected to one or more antennas 128. The one or more memories 125 include computer program code 123. The UE 110 includes an output module 140, which includes one or both of the parts 140-1 and / or 140-2, which can be implemented in a variety of ways. The output module 140 can be implemented in hardware as the output module 140-1, such as being implemented as part of the one or more processors 120. The output module 140-1 may also be implemented as an integrated circuit or by other hardware such as a programmable gate array. In another example, the output module 140 may be implemented as an output module 140-2, which is implemented as a computer program code 123 and executed by one or more processors 120. For example, one or more memories 125 and computer program code 123 may be configured to, together with one or more processors 120, cause the user equipment 110 to perform one or more operations as described herein. The UE 110 communicates with the gNB 170 via a wireless link 111.

[0061] In this example, gNB 170 is a base station that provides access to wireless network 100 for wireless devices (e.g., UE 110). gNB 170 may be, for example, a base station for 5G, also known as New Radio (NR). In 5G, gNB 170 may be a NG-RAN node, which is defined as a gNB or ng-eNB. A gNB is a node that provides NR user plane and control plane protocol termination to a UE and is connected to a 5GC (e.g., NCE / MME / GW 190) via an NG interface. An ng-eNB is a node that provides E-UTRA user plane and control plane protocol termination to a UE and is connected to a 5GC via an NG interface. An NG-RAN node may include multiple gNBs, which may also include a central unit (CU) (gNB-CU) 196 and a distributed unit (DU) (gNB-DU), of which DU 195 is shown. Note that a DU may include or be coupled to a radio unit (RU) and control the RU. The gNB-CU is a logical node that hosts the radio resource control (RRC), SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB or the RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB that controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected to the gNB-DU. The F1 interface is shown as label 198, although label 198 also shows links between remote elements of the gNB 170 and centralized elements of the gNB 170, such as the link between the gNB-CU 196 and the gNB-DU 195. The gNB-DU is a logical node that hosts the RLC, MAC, and PHY layers of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is controlled in part by the gNB-CU. One gNB-CU supports one or more cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the F1 interface 198 connected to the gNB-CU. Note that DU 195 is treated as including transceiver 160, e.g., as part of a RU, but some such examples may have transceiver 160 as part of a separate RU, e.g., under the control of and connected to DU 195. gNB 170 may also be an eNB (evolved Node B) base station for LTE (Long Term Evolution), or any other suitable base station or node.

[0062] The gNB 170 includes one or more processors 152, one or more memories 155, one or more network interfaces (N / WI / F) 161, and one or more transceivers 160 interconnected by one or more buses 157. Each of the one or more transceivers 160 includes a receiver Rx 162 and a transmitter Tx 163. The one or more transceivers 160 are connected to one or more antennas 158. The one or more memories 155 include computer program code 153. The CU 196 may include a processor 152, a memory 155, and a network interface 161. Note that the DU 195 may also contain its own memory / memories and processor and / or other hardware, but these are not shown.

[0063] The gNB 170 includes an output module 150, which includes one or both of parts 150-1 and / or 150-2, which can be implemented in a variety of ways. The output module 150 can be implemented in hardware as the output module 150-1, such as being implemented as part of one or more processors 152. The output module 150-1 can also be implemented as an integrated circuit or by other hardware (such as a programmable gate array). In another example, the output module 150 can be implemented as an output module 150-2, which is implemented as a computer program code 153 and executed by one or more processors 152. For example, one or more memories 155 and the computer program code 153 are configured to, together with the one or more processors 152, cause the gNB 170 to perform one or more operations described herein. Note that the functionality of the output module 150 can be distributed, such as distributed between the DU 195 and the CU 196, or implemented only in the DU 195.

[0064] One or more network interfaces 161 communicate over a network, such as via links 176 and 131. Two or more gNBs 170 may communicate using, for example, link 176. Link 176 may be wired or wireless or both, and may implement, for example, an Xn interface for 5G, an X2 interface for LTE, or other suitable interfaces for other standards.

[0065] The one or more buses 157 may be address, data, or control buses, and may include any interconnection mechanism, such as a series of wires on a motherboard or integrated circuit, optical fiber or other optical communication device, wireless channel, etc. For example, one or more transceivers 160 may be implemented as a remote radio head (RRH) 195 for LTE or a distributed unit (DU) 195 receiver for a gNB implementation for 5G, where other elements of the gNB 170 may be physically located in a different location from the RRH / DU, and the one or more buses 157 may be implemented in part, for example, as a fiber optic cable or other suitable network connection to connect other elements of the gNB 170 (e.g., central unit (CU), gNB-CU) to the RRH / DU 195. Label 198 also indicates those suitable network links.

[0066] It should be noted that the description herein indicates that a "cell" performs a function, but it should be clear that the device forming the cell can perform the function. The cell constitutes a part of the base station. That is, each base station can have multiple cells. For example, there can be three cells for a single carrier frequency and associated bandwidth, each cell covering one-third of a 360-degree area, so that the coverage area of ​​a single base station covers an approximate ellipse or circle. In addition, each cell can correspond to a single carrier and the base station can use multiple carriers. Therefore, if there are three 120-degree cells and two carriers for each carrier, the base station has a total of 6 cells.

[0067] The wireless network 100 may include one or more network elements 190, which include core network functions. In addition, the NCE / MME / GW 190 may, for example, perform access and mobility management functions (AMF), location management functions (LMF), mobility management entities (MME), network control elements (NCE), policy control functions (PCF), serving gateways (SGW), session management functions (SMF), and unified data management (UDM). The NCE / MME / GW 190 provides a connection to another network via one or more links 181, such as a telephone network and / or a data communication network (e.g., the Internet). Such core network functions for 5G may include access and mobility management functions (AMF) and / or user plane functions (UPF) and / or session management functions (SMF). Such core network functions for LTE may include MME (mobility management entity) / SGW (serving gateway) functions. These are only example functions that may be supported by the NCE / MME / GW 190, and it is noted that both 5G and LTE functions may be supported. The gNB 170 is coupled to the network element 190 via a link 131. The link 131 may be implemented, for example, as an NG interface for 5G or an S1 interface for LTE or other suitable interface for other standards. The network element 190 includes one or more processors 175, one or more memories 171, and one or more network interfaces (N / WI / F) 180 interconnected by one or more buses 185. The one or more memories 171 include computer program code 173. The one or more memories 171 and the computer program code 173 are configured to, together with the one or more processors 175, cause the network element 190 to perform one or more operations.

[0068] The wireless network 100 may implement network virtualization, which is the process of combining hardware and software network resources and network functions into a single software-based managed entity, a virtual network. Network virtualization involves platform virtualization, often combined with resource virtualization. Network virtualization is categorized as either external, combining many networks or portions of networks into virtual units, or internal, providing network-like functionality to software containers on a single system. Note that the virtualized entities resulting from network virtualization are still implemented at some level using hardware such as processors 152 or 175 and memories 155 and 171, and such virtualized entities also produce technical effects.

[0069] Computer-readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, flash memory, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and removable memory. Computer-readable memories 125, 155, and 171 may be components for performing storage functions. Processors 120, 152, and 175 may be of any type suitable for the local technical environment and, as non-limiting examples, may include one or more of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), and a processor based on a multi-core processor architecture. Processors 120, 152, and 175 may be components for performing functions such as controlling UE 110, gNB 170, NCE / MME / GW 190, and other functions described herein.

[0070] In general, various embodiments of user device 110 may include, but are not limited to, a cellular telephone (such as a smart phone), a tablet computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA) with wireless communication capabilities, a portable computer with wireless communication capabilities, an image capture device with wireless communication capabilities (such as a digital camera), a gaming device with wireless communication capabilities, a music storage and playback device with wireless communication capabilities, an Internet device allowing wireless Internet access and browsing, a tablet computer with wireless communication capabilities, and a combination of portable units or terminals incorporating such functionality.

[0071] One or more of output modules 140-1, 140-2, 150-1, and 150-2 may be configured to implement a high-level grammar for compressed representation of neural networks based on the examples described herein. Computer program code 173 may also be configured to implement a high-level grammar for compressed representation of neural networks based on the examples described herein.

[0072] Furthermore, various embodiments of any of these devices may be used with a UE vehicle, an aerial platform station, or any other such type of node associated with a ground network or any drone type radio or radio in an aircraft or other aerial vehicle or vessel traveling on water, such as a boat.

[0073] As similarly described above, according to example embodiments of the present disclosure, the behavior of the UE is modified to allow UL continuity on transmission by creating a time and / or frequency pre-compensation "switching window". In this switching window, the UE calculates the RTT by assuming decoupling between the UL and DL access points or routing points. Assuming the same transparent architecture for the gNB, the time and frequency in the UL on the gNB side may not change.

[0074] According to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) performs time synchronization as follows: ●Before switching: Calculate the round trip time towards the source satellite: ○ Timing Advance (Source Cell) = 2(t1+t2); ● In the transition window: DL delay reference calculated from source satellite information; UL path delay calculated from target satellite: ○Timing advance = t1+t2+t3+t4+[t gap ], o During the transition period, the DL reference is still the signal received from the source satellite. Meanwhile, the UL reference is the new signal sent to the target satellite (i.e., DL and UL are decoupled); ●After the transition window: Calculate the round trip time towards the target satellite: ○ Timing Advance (target cell) = 2(t3+t4)

[0075] Among them, t gap It is an optional parameter introduced when configuring the time gap at the gNB to accommodate the offset between the difference in the total distance in the physical layer when the information is routed through the source and target satellites.

[0076] Alternatively, according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure, the UE may be indicated the time at which the target satellite will become available, i.e., t-start. In this case, t-gap may be inferred by the UE (i.e., t-gap = t-start - t-service). Times t3 and t4 correspond to the feeder link and service link delays calculated toward the target satellite, as Figure 5 shown.

[0077] Figure 5 On the left side it is shown that the propagation path that the UE considers for precompensation assumes that the access point or routing point through the source satellite or routing point will be used for timing advance precompensation, and on the right side it is shown that during the transition period, when performing timing precompensation, the UE assumes a decoupling between the UL and DL paths.

[0078] The important factor for the UE is to understand the start of the transition time and the end (or total duration) of the transition window.

[0079] Operations according to example embodiments of the present disclosure include: 1. The start and duration of the transition window are configurable by the gNB, ○ These parameters can also be communicated implicitly: In our example, the UE starts transmitting towards the target satellite x2 slots before reaching t-service (at time t2). And the duration of the switching window is 2t2 (2x2) when measured in slots. 2. The gNB can configure the gap used by the UE to adapt to the time difference on the gNB side before and after the handover; 3. If N TA If the value is different from zero, the gNB may inform the UE that the switching time is during or / and the handover is completed. After completion, should N be maintained or reset? TA Values: ○With large N TA UEs with the same value may also be excluded from hard handover without RACH and may be requested to perform a new RACH; 4. For N TA,offset Unlike the case of zero, the value calculated for the timing advance must be considered before, during and after the transition period.

[0106] Figure 7 A method that can be performed by an apparatus according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0107] Figure 7 The invention is shown as a device that can be used by, for example, but not limited to, a network device (e.g., Figure 6 The operation performed by the UE 110 in FIG. Figure 7 As shown in block 710 of , a routing point handover from a source routing point to a target routing point in the communication network is performed based on determining the serving base station. Figure 7 As shown in block 720 of , a pre-compensation switching window is created for the start and end of the switching time between the availability of the source routing point and the availability of the target routing point. Figure 7 As shown in block 730 of , where creation begins at a point in time and uses the duration of the pre-compensation switching window on at least uplink transmission using the target routing point and at least downlink reception from the source routing point. Then, as Figure 7 As shown in box 740, based on the pre-compensation transition window, at least one of time or frequency pre-compensation is performed to adapt to at least one time difference of the serving base station during or after the routing point switching, or to adapt to the difference in the propagation path between the source routing point and the target routing point, so as to maintain the continuity of the communication of the device at least during the beginning and end of the transition time.

[0108] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, at least one of the source routing point or the target routing point is embodied in an aerospace device.

[0109] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein the timing advance value is considered for timing advance calculation before, during and after the pre-compensation switching window.

[0110] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein before or during the end of a pre-compensation switching window, wherein the uplink and downlink are decoupled: a timing advance is applied to a delay between the device and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with a source routing point; and if applicable, a delay between the device and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with a target routing point is applied and an outage time is applied.

[0111] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, during a pre-compensation transition window: a timing advance is applied, the timing advance corresponding to at least a delay between the device and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with a source routing point; and if applicable, at least one of the following is applied: a timing advance delay or an outage time between the device and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with a target routing point.

[0112] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein after the pre-compensation switching window, the calculation of the round trip time is applied between the device and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point.

[0113] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein after a pre-compensation switching window, a downlink and an uplink having the same round trip time are coupled and associated with a target routing point, and wherein the timing advance is equal to the round trip time between uplink synchronization reference points associated with the target routing point.

[0114] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein during the pre-compensation switching window a timing advance equal to a delay between the device and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with the source routing point is applied.

[0115] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein uplink transmission associated with the target node and downlink reception associated with the source routing point have different paths.

[0116] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein a delay is applied between the apparatus and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point.

[0117] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein the blackout time is applied if applicable.

[0118] According to the example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, before the serving cell switching and based on the switching window, the round-trip time is calculated based on the decoupling between the uplink routing point and the downlink routing point; in the pre-compensation switching window, the downlink delay reference is calculated from the source routing point information, and the path delay is calculated from the target routing point information.

[0119] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein the calculation comprises a timing advance.

[0120] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein during the transition period, the downlink reference is received from the source routing point and the uplink reference is a signal sent towards the target routing point for downlink and uplink decoupling.

[0121] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein after the transition window, a round trip time towards the target routing point is calculated, and wherein the calculation includes timing.

[0122] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein a parameter is introduced when time gaps are configured at a serving base station to accommodate an offset between the difference in total distance when information is routed through a source routing point and a target routing point.

[0123] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein an indication of a time at which a target routing point will become available is received.

[0124] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, parameters of the start and duration of the switching window are received from a serving base station.

[0125] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein parameters are passed implicitly.

[0126] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein transmission to the target routing point is started at a time T before the arrival of the service time, wherein T is calculated from routing point assistance information provided for at least one of the source cell or the target cell.

[0127] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein the duration of the switching window is measured in time slots.

[0128] According to the exemplary embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, a gap to be used to accommodate the time difference before and after the handover at the serving base station side is received from the serving base station.

[0129] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, during at least one transition time or after the handover is completed, a signal is received from the serving base station to maintain or reset the N TA Indication of value.

[0130] According to the example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, an indication to exclude from RACH-free hard handover and to perform a new random access channel is received from a serving base station.

[0131] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, wherein an indication of a point in time to create a pre-compensation switch window is received from a communication network.

[0132] According to an example embodiment as described in the above paragraphs, an apparatus is provided, comprising: a component, based on determining (one or more transceivers 130, memory 125, computer program code 123 and / or output module 140-2, and at least one processor (such as Figure 6 The processor 120 and / or output module 140-1)) of the serving base station switches a routing point from a source routing point to a target routing point in a communication network: for creating (one or more transceivers 130, memory 125, computer program code 123 and / or output module 140-2, and at least one processor (such as) for the start and end of the transition time between the availability of the source routing point and the availability of the target routing point Figure 6 The processor 120 and / or output module 140-1)) pre-compensates the switching window, wherein creation begins at a point in time and is performed using (one or more transceivers 130, memory 125, computer program code 123 and / or output module 140-2, and at least one processor (such as) on at least an uplink transmission using a target routing point and at least a downlink reception from a source routing point. Figure 6 processor 120 and / or output module 140-1)) pre-compensate the duration of the switching window; and based on the pre-compensated switching window, for executing (one or more transceivers 130, memory 125, computer program code 123 and / or output module 140-2, and at least one processor (such as Figure 6 The processor 120 and / or output module 140-1)) performs at least one of time or frequency pre-compensation to adapt to at least one time difference of the serving base station during or after the routing point switching, or to adapt to the difference in the propagation path between the source routing point and the target routing point to maintain the continuity of the communication of the device at least during the beginning and end of the switching time.

[0133] In an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure according to the above paragraphs, at least the means for determining, creating, using and executing include means for executing the program by at least one processor [at least one processor (such as Figure 6 The processor 120 and / or the output module 140-1) in the computer program executed by Figure 6 The computer program code 123 and / or output module 140-2] encoded in a non-transitory computer readable medium [such as Figure 6 Memory 125].

[0134] In addition, according to the example embodiments of the present disclosure, there are circuits for performing operations according to the example embodiments of the present application disclosed herein. The circuit may include any type of circuit, including content encoding circuits, content decoding circuits, processing circuits, image generation circuits, data analysis circuits, etc. In addition, the circuit may include discrete circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and / or field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc., and processors specially configured by software to perform corresponding functions, or dual-core processors with software and corresponding digital signal processors, etc. In addition, necessary inputs to the circuit and outputs from the circuit, functions performed by the circuit, and interconnections (possibly via inputs and outputs) of the circuit with other components that may include other circuits are provided to perform the example embodiments of the present disclosure as described herein.

[0135] According to the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure disclosed in this application, the provided “circuit” may include at least one or more or all of the following: (a) hardware circuit implementation only (e.g., implementation only in analog and / or digital circuits), and (b) a combination of hardware circuitry and software such as (where applicable): (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuitry and software / firmware, and (ii) any portion of a hardware processor (including a digital signal processor) with software, software, and memory that work together to enable a device such as a mobile phone or server to perform various functions, such as the functions or operations according to the example embodiments of the present application disclosed herein; and (c) A hardware circuit and / or processor that requires software (eg, firmware) for operation, such as a microprocessor or portion of a microprocessor, but the software may not be present when not required for operation.

[0136] This definition of "circuitry" applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term "circuitry" also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term "circuitry" also covers, for example and if applicable to a particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in a server, cellular network device, or other computing or network device.

[0137] In general, various embodiments may be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuits, software, logic, or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software, which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, but the disclosure is not limited thereto. Although various aspects of the disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other graphical representation, it is well understood that, as non-limiting examples, the blocks, devices, systems, techniques, or methods described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuits or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0138] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in various components (e.g., integrated circuit modules). The design of integrated circuits is largely a highly automated process. Complex and powerful software tools are available to convert logic level designs into semiconductor circuit designs that are ready to be etched and formed on semiconductor substrates.

[0139] The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. All of the embodiments described in this detailed description are example embodiments provided to enable persons skilled in the art to make or use the present disclosure, and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure which is defined by the claims.

[0140] The foregoing description has provided, by way of example and non-limiting example, a comprehensive and informative description of the best methods and apparatus presently contemplated by the present inventors for carrying out the present disclosure. However, various modifications and adaptations will become apparent to those skilled in the relevant art in view of the above description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the appended claims. However, all such and similar modifications of the teachings of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will still fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0141] It should be noted that the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variations thereof, mean any connection or coupling, direct or indirect, between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" together. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. As used herein, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" together using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as using electromagnetic energy (e.g., electromagnetic energy having a wavelength in the radio frequency region, microwave region, and optical (visible and invisible) region), as several non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0142] Furthermore, some features of the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure may be used to advantage without the corresponding use of other features.Therefore, the foregoing description should be considered as merely illustrative of the principles of the present disclosure, rather than limiting the principles of the present disclosure.

[0143] Some examples of this application are provided below.

[0144] Example 1. A device for communication, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one non-volatile memory storing instructions, which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the device to at least: based on determining a routing point switch of a serving base station from a source routing point to a target routing point in a communication network: create a pre-compensated switching window for the start and end of a switching time between the availability of the source routing point and the availability of the target routing point, wherein the creation starts at a point in time and the duration of the pre-compensated switching window is used on at least uplink transmission using the target routing point and at least downlink reception from the source routing point; and based on the pre-compensated switching window, perform at least one of time or frequency pre-compensation to adapt to at least one time difference of the serving base station during or after the routing point switch, or to adapt to the difference in propagation paths between the source routing point and the target routing point, so as to maintain continuity of communication of the device at least during the start and end of the switching time.

[0145] Example 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the source routing point or the target routing point is embodied in an aerospace device.

[0146] Example 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a timing advance value is considered for timing advance calculations before, during, and after the pre-compensation switching window.

[0147] Example 4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one non-volatile memory stores instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: during the pre-compensation transition window: apply a timing advance that corresponds at least to a delay between the apparatus and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with the source routing point; and, if applicable, apply at least one of the following: a timing advance delay or an outage time between the apparatus and the uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point.

[0148] Example 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one non-transitory memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least:

[0149] After the pre-compensation switching window, a calculation of a round trip time is applied between the device and the uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point.

[0150] Example 6. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein after the pre-compensation transition window, a downlink and an uplink having the same round-trip time are coupled and associated with the target routing point, and wherein the timing advance is equal to the round-trip time between the uplink synchronization reference points associated with the target routing point.

[0151] Example 7. An apparatus according to claim 4, wherein an uplink transmission associated with a target routing point and a downlink reception associated with a source routing point have different paths or delays; and the delay is applied between the apparatus and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point.

[0152] Example 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one non-volatile memory stores instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: apply an interruption time, if applicable.

[0153] Example 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one non-transitory memory stores instructions that are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: calculate a round trip time based on a decoupling between an uplink routing point and a downlink routing point before the handover of the serving cell and based on the switch window; calculate a downlink delay reference from source routing point information and calculate a path delay from target routing point information in the pre-compensated switch window;

[0154] wherein the calculation includes a timing advance, and wherein during the transition period, a downlink reference is received from the source routing point and an uplink reference is a signal sent toward the target routing point for downlink and uplink decoupling; and after the transition window, a round trip time toward the target routing point is calculated, wherein the calculation includes timing.

[0155] Example 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a parameter is introduced when a time gap is configured at the serving base station to accommodate an offset between a difference in total distance when information is routed through the source routing point and the target routing point.

[0156] Example 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one non-volatile memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: receive an indication of a time when the target routing point will become available.

[0157] Example 12. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one non-volatile memory stores instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: receive parameters for the start and duration of the transition window from the serving base station.

[0158] Example 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the parameter is passed implicitly.

[0159] Example 14. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one non-volatile memory stores instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: start transmission to the target routing point at a time T before a service time is reached, wherein T is calculated from routing point assistance information provided for at least one of the source cell or the target cell, and wherein the duration of the transition window is measured in time slots.

[0160] Example 15. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one non-volatile memory stores instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: receive from the serving base station a gap that will be used to accommodate a time difference on the serving base station side before and after the switch.

[0161] Example 16. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one non-volatile memory stores instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: receive an indication from the serving base station to maintain or reset an NTA value during at least one of the transition times or after the switching is completed.

[0162] Example 17. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one non-volatile memory stores instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: receive an indication from the serving base station to exclude from a RACH-free hard handover and perform a new random access channel.

[0163] Example 18. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one non-volatile memory stores instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: receive an indication of the time point for creating the pre-compensation transition window from the communication network.

[0164] Example 19. A method comprising: based on determining a routing point switch of a serving base station from a source routing point to a target routing point in a communication network: creating a pre-compensated switching window for the start and end of a switching time between the availability of the source routing point and the availability of the target routing point, wherein the creation starts at a point in time and the duration of the pre-compensated switching window is used on at least uplink transmission using the target routing point and at least downlink reception from the source routing point; and based on the pre-compensated switching window, performing at least one of time or frequency pre-compensation to adapt to at least one time difference of the serving base station during or after the routing point switch, or to adapt to the difference in propagation paths between the source routing point and the target routing point, so as to maintain continuity of communication of the device at least during the start and end of the switching time.

Claims

1. A device for communication, comprising: at least one processor; as well as at least one non-transitory memory storing instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the apparatus to at least: A routing point switch from a source routing point to a target routing point in a communication network based on determining a serving base station: creating a pre-compensated switching window for the start and end of a switching time between the availability of the source routing point and the availability of the target routing point, wherein the creating begins at a point in time and uses the duration of the pre-compensated switching window on at least uplink transmission with the target routing point and at least downlink reception from the source routing point; as well as Based on the pre-compensation transition window, at least one of time or frequency pre-compensation is performed to adapt to at least one of the time differences of the serving base station during or after the routing point switching, or to adapt to the difference in propagation paths between the source routing point and the target routing point, so as to maintain continuity of communication of the device at least during the start and end of the transition time.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the source routing point or the target routing point is embodied in an aerospace device. 3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein a timing advance value is considered for timing advance calculations before, during, and after the pre-compensation switching window.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one non-transitory memory stores instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: During the pre-compensation switching window: applying a timing advance corresponding to at least a delay between the apparatus and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with the source routing point; and If applicable, at least one of the following is applied: a timing advance delay or an outage time between the apparatus and the uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-transitory memory stores instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: After the pre-compensation switching window, a calculation of a round trip time is applied between the device and the uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein after the pre-compensation switching window, a downlink and an uplink having the same round trip time are coupled and associated with the target routing point, and wherein the timing advance is equal to the round trip time between the uplink synchronization reference points associated with the target routing point.

7. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein an uplink transmission associated with a target routing point and a downlink reception associated with a source routing point have different paths or delays; and The delay is applied between the apparatus and an uplink synchronization reference point associated with the target routing point.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one non-transitory memory stores instructions that are executable by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: If applicable, blackout times apply.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-transitory memory stores instructions that are executed by the at least one processor to cause the apparatus to at least: Prior to said switching of a serving cell and based on said switching window, calculating a round trip time based on a decoupling between an uplink routing point and a downlink routing point; In the pre-compensation switching window, a downlink delay reference is calculated from source routing point information, and a path delay is calculated from target routing point information; wherein the calculation includes a timing advance, and wherein during the transition period, a downlink reference is received from the source routing point and an uplink reference is a signal sent towards the target routing point for downlink and uplink decoupling; as well as After the switching window, a round trip time toward the target routing point is calculated, wherein the calculation includes timing.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a parameter is introduced when time gaps are configured at the serving base station to accommodate an offset between a difference in total distance when information is routed through the source routing point and the target routing point.

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