Wireless aware coordination of multiple network nodes

Abstract

Management and coordination of awareness may be performed by a wireless awareness session management function (S-SMF) that provides policy, configuration data, or awareness assistance data related to wireless awareness sessions. The S-SMF may be independent of and decoupled from a session management function (SMF) that provides policy and configuration data related to the communication session. The S-SMF manages wireless aware sessions, and the SMF manages other communication sessions. The additional functionality may include an awareness anchor function (AMF) configured to control the wireless awareness session, and an awareness data storage function (S-UPF) configured to store wireless awareness outcome data from the wireless awareness session.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This document relates generally to wireless awareness and, more particularly, to improved management and coordination of wireless awareness for systems with multiple network nodes. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication technology is driving the world towards an increasingly connected and networked society. Wireless communication relies on efficient network resource management and allocation between user mobile stations and radio access network nodes (including but not limited to radio access network (RAN) nodes and wireless base stations). The next generation of networks is expected to provide high-speed, low-latency and ultra-reliable communication capabilities, and meet the requirements from different industries and users. User mobile stations or user equipment (UE) are becoming more and more complex, and the amount of data communicated is constantly increasing. With the development of more advanced radar and perception systems, the communication with UE can be modernized. Summary of the invention

[0003] This document relates to methods, systems and devices for management and coordination of wireless sensing, which can improve the management and coordination of wireless sensing for systems with multiple network nodes. The management and coordination of wireless sensing can be performed by a wireless sensing session management function (S-SMF), which provides policies, configuration data or sensing assistance data related to wireless sensing sessions. The S-SMF can be independent of a session management function (SMF) for communication purposes and decoupled from the SMF, which provides policies and configuration data related to communication sessions. The S-SMF manages wireless sensing sessions, and the SMF manages other communication sessions. Additional functions may include a sensing anchor function (AMF) and a sensing data storage function (S-UPF), the sensing anchor function is configured to control the wireless sensing session, and the sensing data storage function is configured to store wireless sensing result data from the wireless sensing session.

[0004] In one embodiment, a method for wireless sensing includes: triggering a wireless sensing session for one or more sensing purposes; coordinating via one or more signaling processes; and managing the operation of the wireless sensing session based on the coordination. The triggering, the coordination and the management are performed by a sensing management function (S-SMF) of a core network. The triggering is triggered by the S-SMF independently or upon receiving a "sensing service required" command from another node or entity. The coordination is performed with a core network sensing anchor function (AMF), the core network sensing anchor function includes one or more wireless sensing contexts and the coordination is performed with a core network sensing data storage function (S-UPF), the core network sensing data storage function includes wireless sensing session result data. The method includes: before the triggering, selecting a target core network sensing anchor function. The method includes: triggering retrieval of wireless sensing session result data. The retrieval is performed by the core network S-SMF independently or upon receiving a "sensing result data retrieval request" command from another node or entity. The wireless sensing session result data includes sensing result data associated with the wireless sensing session performed by a base station and / or a user equipment (UE). The method includes: storing the wireless sensing session result data by a core network sensing data storage function entity (S-UPF). The wireless sensing session includes different wireless sensing types, and the wireless sensing types include at least target positioning determination, wireless channel estimation, environmental imaging or object detection based on radar-type sensing, and / or biological indicators. The wireless sensing session includes functions performed by local wireless sensors in a base station and / or a user equipment (UE).

[0005] In another embodiment, a wireless communication apparatus includes a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement any of the methods described herein.

[0006] In another embodiment, a computer program product includes a computer readable program medium having codes stored thereon, which when executed by a processor causes the processor to implement any of the methods described herein.

[0007] In another embodiment, a system includes: a wireless perception session management function (S-SMF) for providing policies, configuration data or perception assistance data related to a wireless perception session; and a session management function (SMF) for providing policies and configuration data related to a communication session, wherein the S-SMF is independent of the SMF and decoupled from the SMF. The system also includes a user equipment (UE) and a base station, wherein the base station is between the UE and an access and mobility management function (Accessand Mobility Management Function, AMF), the S-SMF or the SMF. The base station generates a wireless perception signal according to the policy, configuration data or perception assistance data provided by the S-SMF, wherein the wireless perception signal is directed to the UE, target entity or environment. The S-SMF manages the wireless perception session, and the SMF manages one or more other communication sessions. The management of the wireless perception session includes the retrieval of wireless perception session result data. The retrieval is performed independently or upon receiving a "perception result data retrieval request" command from another node or entity. The sensing session result data includes data associated with the wireless sensing session performed by the base station and / or the UE. The wireless sensing session includes different wireless sensing types, the wireless sensing types including at least target location determination, wireless channel estimation, environmental imaging or object detection based on radar-type sensing, and / or bio-indicators.

[0008] In another embodiment, a system includes: a perception anchor function (AMF) configured to control a wireless perception session; a perception management function (S-SMF) configured to manage the wireless perception session; and a perception data storage function (S-UPF) configured to store wireless perception result data from the wireless perception session. The management also includes: providing wireless perception session related policies; providing wireless perception session related configuration data and / or auxiliary data; and transmitting the wireless perception session result data to another node or entity. The wireless perception session result data is reported by a base station, a user equipment (UE), and / or transmitted from the S-UPF. The perception management function (S-SMF) includes a centralized management point in the system. The perception management function includes a perception session management function (S-SMF) for perception rather than communication purposes. The perception result data includes perception result data associated with the wireless perception session performed by a base station and / or a user equipment (UE). The wireless perception session includes different wireless perception types, and the wireless perception types include at least target location determination, wireless channel estimation, environmental imaging or object detection based on radar-type perception, and / or bio-indicators.

[0009] In one embodiment, a wireless communication device includes a processor and a memory, and the processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement any of the embodiments discussed above.

[0010] In one embodiment, a computer program product includes a computer readable program medium having codes stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to implement any of the embodiments discussed above.

[0011] In some embodiments, there is a wireless communication device, the wireless communication device includes a processor and a memory, wherein the processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement any method described in any of the embodiments. In some embodiments, a computer program product includes a computer-readable program medium, the computer-readable program medium stores code, and when the code is executed by the processor, the processor causes the processor to implement any method described in any of the embodiments. The above and other aspects and their implementations are described in more detail in the drawings, the description and the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 An example base station is shown.

[0013] Figure 2 An example random access (RA) messaging environment is shown.

[0014] Figure 3 A single-connection wireless communication system is shown.

[0015] Figure 4 A dual-connectivity wireless communication system is shown.

[0016] Figure 5 A dual-function radio access network (RAN) node is shown communicating with a user equipment (UE) over a dual-function link.

[0017] Figure 6 A communication diagram showing a dual-function RAN node communicating using a communication radio link (C-RL) and a sensing radio link (S-RL).

[0018] Figure 7 An embodiment of a wireless network system architecture is shown.

[0019] Figure 8 An example architecture for end-to-end (E2E) wireless-aware operation is shown.

[0020] Fig. 9 Embodiments of a network system for awareness between a plurality of network nodes are shown.

[0021] Fig.10 An embodiment of aware communication between multiple network nodes is shown.

[0022] Fig.11 Another embodiment of a network system for awareness between a plurality of network nodes is shown.

[0023] Fig.12 Another embodiment of aware communication between multiple network nodes is shown.

[0024] Fig.13 An example of wireless awareness utilizing user equipment (UE) positioning is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present disclosure will now be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present disclosure and show specific examples of embodiments by way of illustration. However, it should be noted that the present disclosure can be embodied in a variety of different forms, and thus the subject matter covered or claimed is intended to be interpreted as not being limited to any of the embodiments set forth below.

[0026] Throughout the specification and claims, terms may have nuanced meanings that are suggested or implied in the context beyond the explicitly stated meanings. Similarly, the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in some embodiments" used herein do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, and the phrases "in another embodiment" or "in other embodiments" used herein do not necessarily refer to different embodiments. The phrases "in one embodiment" or "in some embodiments" used herein do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, and the phrases "in another embodiment" or "in other embodiments" used herein do not necessarily refer to different embodiments. For example, it is intended that the claimed subject matter includes, in whole or in part, a combination of exemplary embodiments or embodiments.

[0027] Typically, terms may be understood at least in part from usage in context. For example, terms such as "and", "or" or "and / or" used herein may include various meanings that may depend at least in part on the context in which the terms are used. Typically, "or" if used for an association list (such as A, B or C) is intended to represent A, B and C (here used for inclusive meanings), and A, B or C (here used for exclusive meanings). In addition, depending at least in part on the context, the terms "one or more" or "at least one" used herein may be used to describe any feature, structure or characteristic in a singular sense, or may be used to describe a combination of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Similarly, depending at least in part on the context, terms such as "a", "an" or "the" may also be understood to convey singular usage or to convey plural usage. In addition, the term "based on" or "determined by..." may be understood to not necessarily be intended to convey a set of factors that are exclusive, but, also at least in part on the context, may allow for the presence of additional factors that are not necessarily explicitly described.

[0028] Radio resource control (RRC) is a protocol layer between UE and base station at the IP (Internet Protocol) level (Radio Network Layer, wireless network layer). There may be various radio resource control (RRC) states, such as RRC connection (RRC_CONNECTED) state, RRC inactive (RRC_INACTIVE) state and RRC idle (RRC_IDLE) state. RRC messages are transmitted via the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP). The UE can send infrequent (periodic and / or non-periodic) data in the RRC_INACTIVE state without converting to the RRC_CONECTED state. This can save UE power consumption and signaling overhead. This can be achieved through a random access channel (RACH) protocol scheme or a configured grant (CG) scheme. The wireless communication described herein may be through wireless access. In addition, the described embodiments include perceptual communication or perceptual signals, which are physically different from wireless communication or logically different from wireless communication. Figure 1 to Figure 2 Example radio access network (RAN) nodes (eg, base stations) and user equipment and messaging environments suitable for both wireless and cognitive communications are shown.

[0029] In some wireless communication systems (such as 4G-LTE (Long Term Evolution) and 5G-NR (New Radio), the RAN node may send a downlink pilot reference signal (such as SSB (Synchronizing Signa lBlock), CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal), etc.), and the UE receives, measures and processes the downlink pilot reference signal so that the UE knows the connection quality of the communication radio link (RL). This can be done between the serving RAN node and the UE to maintain mobility and service continuity. "UE-based measurement and reporting" is an example of perception configured by the network. However, there may be more and different examples of measurement, perception and reporting between the network and the UE. The network and the UE may measure, detect and perceive objects other than the pilot reference signal used for communication. Perception may allow measurement, detection and perception of the local environment of the UE and the resource utilization context of the UE. The sensing result may be provided to the serving RAN node of the UE, so that the serving RAN node is able to know the local environment and resource utilization context of the UE and dynamically improve the connection quality of the communication RL with the UE.

[0030] An integrated wireless sensing and communication (ISAC) system may allow a serving RAN node to proactively sense a human user's body or gesture based on, for example, radar-type sensing technology. This sensing may be faster, for example, 10ms less latency than other examples (e.g., traditional UE-based measurement reports). The serving RAN node may then take more proactive and faster actions to improve the connection quality of the radio link (RL). The following are example RLs and example components, as described below:

[0031] ● C-RL = Communication Radio Link: A radio link between a RAN node and a UE, or between RAN nodes, or between UEs, used for wireless communication purposes (eg, transmitting data).

[0032] ●S-RL = Sensing Radio Link: A virtual radio link between a RAN node and a UE, or between a RAN node and the environment, or between RAN nodes, or between UEs, or between a UE and its environment, used for radio sensing purposes (e.g., detecting and / or sensing things).

[0033] ●ISAC RAN node = a RAN node that can perform wireless communication services and wireless awareness services. ISAC RAN node can refer to eNB (4G enhanced), gNB (5G enhanced), or xNB for future use (6G+).

[0034] • ISAC RAN node (C) = a RAN node that can only perform wireless communication services (eg, a traditional RAN node).

[0035] • ISAC RAN Node (S) = RAN node that can only perform radio awareness services (eg, radar type node).

[0036] • Aware services = end-to-end (E2E) operations with awareness purposes.

[0037] • Awareness session = an awareness operation process triggered and executed by a system (eg, an IMT system) having multiple network nodes.

[0038] Primary ISAC RAN node = the ISAC RAN node that plays the primary role in dual connectivity (DC) operation.

[0039] • Secondary ISAC RAN Node = ISAC RAN node that plays a secondary role in DC operations.

[0040] With the development of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) wireless communication systems (such as 4G-LTE and 5G-NR) and various advanced radar and perception systems, integration in terms of architecture / capability design and network / air interface resource usage may be difficult. The upcoming iteration of IMT wireless systems in the future may integrate and coordinate various wireless perception functions with their respective communication functions. Radio access network (RAN) nodes can provide wireless communication and wireless perception capabilities and services. End-to-end (E2E) wireless perception operations for perception services or perception tasks may include multiple network nodes (e.g., CN (core network), RAN and / or UE), which may lead to conflicts in triggering and executing wireless perception services. As described in the following embodiments, the management and coordination of wireless perception operations of multiple network nodes can be simplified.

[0041] In various networks, there may be RAN nodes (e.g., base stations) that can support multiple network types (or multiple generations of networks including 4G, 5G, 6G, etc.). Similarly, RAN nodes may support wireless communications or wireless awareness, or may support both wireless communications and wireless awareness. In order to improve awareness in a network with multiple nodes, there may be an entity for controlling, managing, and / or coordinating awareness. In one embodiment, a perception session management function (S-SMF) may be used to perform awareness between multiple network nodes.

[0042] Figure 1 An example (RAN) node or base station 102 is shown. A RAN node may also be referred to as a radio network node. A RAN node 102 may also be identified in the context of mobile telecommunications as a nodeB (NB, e.g., eNB or gNB). An example RAN node may include wireless Tx / Rx circuitry 113 to receive and transmit with a user equipment (UE) 104. The RAN node may also include network interface circuitry 116 coupling the RAN node to a core network 110, e.g., an optical or wired interconnect, Ethernet, and / or other data transmission media / protocols.

[0043] The RAN node may also include system circuitry 122. System circuitry 122 may include processor(s) 124 and / or memory 126. Memory 126 may include operations 128 and control parameters 130. Operations 128 may include instructions for execution on one or more of processors 124 to support RAN node operations. For example, the operations may process random access transmission requests from multiple UEs. Control parameters 130 may include parameters or support execution of operations 128. For example, control parameters may include network protocol settings, random access message transceiver format rules, bandwidth parameters, radio frequency mapping allocations, and / or other parameters.

[0044] Figure 2 An example random access messaging environment 200 is shown. In the random access messaging environment, the UE 104 may communicate with the RAN node 102 via a random access channel 252. In this example, the UE 104 supports one or more Subscriber Identity Modules (SIMs), such as SIM1 202. An electrical and physical interface 206 connects SIM1 202 to the rest of the user equipment hardware, for example, via a system bus 210.

[0045] The mobile device 200 includes a communication interface 212, a system logic 214, and a user interface 218. The system logic 214 may include any combination of hardware, software, firmware, or other logic. The system logic 214 may be implemented, for example, using one or more system on a chip (SoC), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), discrete analog and digital circuits, and other circuits. The system logic 214 is part of the implementation of any desired functionality in the UE 104. In this regard, the system logic 214 may include logic that facilitates, for example, the following operations: decoding and playing music and video (e.g., MP3, MP4, MPEG, AVI, FLAC, AC3, or WAV decoding and playback); running applications; accepting user input; saving and retrieving application data; establishing, maintaining, and terminating cellular phone calls or data connections (e.g., for Internet connections); establishing, maintaining, and terminating wireless network connections, Bluetooth connections, or other connections; and displaying relevant information on the user interface 218. The user interface 218 and input 228 may include a graphical user interface, a touch-sensitive display, tactile feedback or other tactile output, voice or facial recognition input, buttons, switches, speakers, and other user interface elements. Additional examples of input 228 include microphones, video and still image cameras, temperature sensors, vibration sensors, rotation and orientation sensors, headphone and microphone input / output jacks, Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors, memory card slots, radiation sensors (e.g., IR (infrared) sensors), and other types of inputs.

[0046] The system logic 214 may include one or more processors 216 and memory 220. The memory 220 stores, for example, control instructions 222 that the processor 216 executes to implement the desired functions of the UE 104. The control parameters 224 provide and specify configuration and operating options for the control instructions 222. The memory 220 may also store any BT (Bluetooth), WiFi (Wireless Fidelity), 3G, 4G, 5G or other data 226 that the UE 104 will send through the communication interface 212 or has received through the communication interface 212. In various embodiments, system power may be provided by a power storage device such as a battery 282.

[0047] In the communication interface 212, the radio frequency (RF) transmission (Tx) and reception (Rx) circuit 230 handles the transmission and reception of signals through one or more antennas 232. The communication interface 212 may include one or more transceivers. The transceiver may be a wireless transceiver that includes modulation / demodulation circuitry, a digital to analog converter (DAC), a shaping table, an analog to digital converter (ADC), a filter, a waveform shaper, a filter, a pre-amplifier, a power amplifier, and / or other logic for transmitting and receiving through one or more antennas or (for some devices) through a physical (e.g., wired) medium.

[0048] The transmitted and received signals may follow any of a variety of formats, protocols, modulations (e.g., QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying), 16-QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), 64-QAM or 256-QAM), frequency channels, bit rates, and encodings. As a specific example, the communication interface 212 may include a transceiver that supports transmission and reception under 2G, 3G, BT, WiFi, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA)+, and 4G / Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards. However, the techniques described below, whether from the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) Association, 3GPP2, the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers), or other partners or standards bodies, are applicable to other wireless communication technologies.

[0049] Figure 3A single-connectivity wireless communication system is shown. Single connectivity (SC) may include a UE having only a master communication radio link (MC-RL) and / or a master sensing radio link (MS-RL) but no radio link on the secondary RAN node side. Conversely, dual connectivity (DC) includes a UE having a secondary communication radio link (SC-RL) and / or a secondary sensing radio link (SS-RL) on the secondary RAN node side.

[0050] In such Figure 3 In the IMT wireless communication system shown (such as 4G-LTE and 5G-NR), the radio access network (RAN) node can send a downlink (DL) pilot reference signal (such as SSB, CSI-RS, etc.). The UE receives, measures and processes the DL pilot reference signal so that the UE can know the connection quality of the radio link (RL) in the air. The UL measurement report is fed back to the serving RAN node. This can be communication between the serving RAN node and the UE to maintain communication service continuity. This is an example of using a single connection (SC).

[0051] "UE-based DL measurements and UL reports" is an example of wireless perception configured by the RAN. However, there may be more types of wireless perception between the RAN node and the UE or between the RAN nodes or between the UEs. The RAN and the UE can locally measure, detect and perceive aspects and objects other than pilot reference signals for communication purposes or perception purposes. Wireless perception can be triggered by upper layers or third-party entities. For example, the UE can perceive its local environment (e.g., user gestures, neighboring objects, and wireless conditions) and resource utilization context (e.g., wireless / computing / interference status) via its local sensors. This perception information can be provided to its serving RAN node as "perception result information". Based on wireless perception, the serving RAN node is able to know the UE's environment or any target entity and resource utilization context, and can take adaptive measures to enhance wireless communication with the UE.

[0052] In one example, in the context of millimeter (mm) wave (e.g., above 6 GHz) communications, the human user's body and gestures may impose adverse impairments (such as occlusion and interference to the RL) on the UE wireless communications due to the larger path loss in the high frequency band and the fragile mmWave channel conditions. Previously, the serving RAN node would rely on other reactive mechanisms to improve the quality of the RL, which are often not fast enough or timely enough because they rely on time-consuming activities on the UE side. Through the wireless communication sensing integrated system in the dual-function RAN node, the serving RAN node can sense and detect the human user's body and gestures based on a radar-type technology (utilizing sensing signals) with faster early recognition, so the serving RAN node can take proactive actions to improve the quality of the communication RL.

[0053] Figure 4 A dual-connectivity wireless communication system is shown. Dual connectivity (DC) includes a UE having a secondary communication radio link (SC-RL) and / or a secondary sensing radio link (SS-RL). Figure 8 ) further describes SC connection and DC connection. For example, DC operation may include any combination of the following combinations XX-RL:

[0054] ●MC-RL+MS-RL;

[0055] ●MC-RL+SC-RL;

[0056] MC-RL+SS-RL;

[0057] ●MS-RL+SC-RL;

[0058] MS-RL + SS-RL; or

[0059] ·SC-RL+SS-RL.

[0060] exist Figure 4In the embodiment, the UE communicates with the RAN node 1 using both the C-RL and the S-RL. There is a second RAN node that only provides the S-RL to the environment. In this embodiment, the core network, the RAN node and the UE all have ISAC capabilities. In other words, they have both over-the-air wireless communication and over-the-air wireless perception capabilities. The communication wireless link is represented as a "C-RL" that still serves the communication purpose, while the perception wireless link is represented as an "S-RL", which exists as a logical function but can also be physically implemented together with the "C-RL". The RAN node with ISAC capability can perform some type of wireless perception via the "S-RL" toward a specific target UE, or the RAN node with ISAC capability can also perform wireless perception via the "S-RL" toward the environment with or without the participation of an auxiliary UE.

[0061] In some embodiments, there may be communications between master nodes and secondary nodes that are not together. Multiple RAN nodes (e.g., eNB, gNB, xNB) of the same or different radio access technologies (RAT) may be deployed on the same or different frequency carriers in certain geographic areas, and these RAN nodes may interact with each other via dual-connection operations to provide joint communication services to (multiple) the same target UEs. The system may be referred to as a multi-RAT dual connectivity (MR-DC) architecture with a non-co-located master node (MN) and secondary node (SN).

[0062] Figure 5 An example radio access network (RAN) node is shown that communicates with a user equipment (UE) via multiple links for dual functions. One of the dual functions is wireless communication and the other function is wireless sensing. The wireless communication includes at least one radio link (C-RL) for sending and receiving (signaling and / or user) data in the air between the RAN node and the UE. Wireless sensing includes a sensing radio link (S-RL). The S-RL is established and used to sense and detect things along a radiating path in the air between the RAN node and the UE. The sensing radio link (S-RL) is a logical radio link that is not used for the purpose of sending and receiving (signaling and / or user) data in the air, but is used for the purpose of sensing and detecting things along a radiating path in the air. The dual-function RAN node includes a single RAN node that can perform both wireless communication operations and wireless sensing operations with a target UE. Specifically, Figure 5The dual-function RAN node is shown to send a sensing radio link (S-RL) to the UE, which then returns a signal (e.g., an echo signal / response) to the RAN node. In addition to the sensing radio of the S-RL, the dual-function RAN node also has a communication radio link (C-RL). The C-RL is the downlink from the RAN node to the UE and the uplink from the UE to the RAN node. Figure 5 As shown, the dual-function RAN node can establish and maintain both S-RL and RL with the target UE at the same time. The processing of the communication C-RL can be the same as that of the traditional system (for example, following the specifications of 4G-LTE or 5G-NR).

[0063] Figure 6 A communication diagram is shown in which a dual-function RAN node communicates using a communication radio link (C-RL) and a sensing radio link (S-RL). The RAN node (also referred to as a base station) establishes a communication C-RL 602 with a UE. In addition, the second function of the RAN node provides an S-RL 604 to the UE. In response to the S-RL 604, the UE provides a response 606. The response 606 may be referred to as an echo signal, which, as part of the sensing operation S-RL, is sent by the UE in direct response to receiving the S-RL 604. The S-RL may be a radio link that is logically separate from the communication C-RL, but physically, the S-RL may share the same or use different air / radio resources (e.g., time / frequency / space / code, etc.) with the communication C-RL. Figure 6 An example of using different air / radio resources is shown, wherein the radio signal between the RAN node and the UE carries data information or perception-related information, but in this embodiment does not carry both data information and perception-related information at the same time.

[0064] Figure 7 An embodiment of a wireless network system architecture is shown. This architecture is only an example, and there may be more or fewer components for implementing the embodiments described herein. The interconnections or communications between the components are identified as N1, N2, N4, N6, N7, N8, N10, and N11, and these interconnection or communication identifiers may be referenced in the description or other figures. Figure 2 An example user equipment (UE) 104 is shown. UE 702 is a device that accesses a wireless network (e.g., 5GS (5G system)) and obtains services via a NG-RAN (Next Generation Radio Access Network) node or base station 704. UE 702 interacts with an access and mobility control function (AMF) 706 of a core network via NAS (Non-access stratum) signaling. Figure 1An example base station or NG-RAN 102 is shown. NG-RAN node 704 is responsible for air interface resource scheduling and air interface connection management of the network accessed by the UE. AMF 706 includes the following functions: registration management, connection management, reachability management, and mobility management. AMF 706 also performs access authentication and access authorization. AMF 706 is a NAS security terminal and relays session management NAS between UE 702 and SMF 708, etc.

[0065] SMF 708 includes the following functions: session management (e.g., session establishment, modification, and release), UE IP address allocation and management (including optional authorization), selection and control of uplink functions, downlink data notification, etc. User Plane Function (UPF) 710 includes the following functions: anchor point for intra-RAT / inter-RAT mobility, packet routing and forwarding, service usage reporting, QoS (Quality of Service) processing for the user plane, downlink packet buffering, and downlink data notification triggering, etc. Unified Data Management (UDM) 712 manages the subscription profile of the UE. The subscription includes data for mobility management (e.g., restricted area), session management (e.g., QoS profile). The subscription data also includes slice selection parameters, which are used by AMF 706 to select the appropriate SMF 708. AMF 706 and SMF 708 obtain subscriptions from UDM 712. Subscription data may be stored in a unified data repository via UDM 712, which uses such data upon receiving a request from AMF 706 or SMF 708. Policy Control Function (PCF) 714 includes the following functions: supporting a unified policy framework to manage network behavior, providing policy rules to (one or more) control plane functions to implement policy rules, and implementing a front end to access subscription information related to policy decisions in a user data repository. Optionally, a Network Exposure Function (NEF) 716 is deployed for exchanging information with external third parties. In one embodiment, an Application Function (AF) 716 may store application information in a unified data repository via NEF. UPF 710 communicates with a data network 718.

[0066] The access mobility function (AMF) and the session management function (SMF) are control plane entities, and the user plane function (UPF) is a user plane entity in the new radio (NR) or 5GC (5G core, 5G core network). The signaling connection between the AMF / SMF and the MN is the Next Generation-Control Plane (NG-C) / MN interface. The signaling connection between the MN and the SN can be an Xn-Control Plane (Xn-Control Plane, Xn-C) interface. The signaling connection between the MN and the UE can be a Uu-Control Plane (Uu-Control Plane, Uu-C) RRC interface.

[0067] As described below, there may be additional components or entities for wireless awareness sessions or awareness signals. Figure 7 Signals for communication signals are shown, but there may be an additional awareness session management function 708, which may be referred to as an S-SMF for managing awareness sessions. Similarly, there may be a radio awareness user plane function 710, which may be referred to as an S-UPF.

[0068] End-to-end (E2E) wireless sensing operations for sensing services or sensing tasks may include multiple network nodes (e.g., CN, RAN, and UE) triggering wireless sensing services. In the embodiments of this document, for multiple network nodes, the processing of wireless sensing services can be more efficiently coordinated / managed. Figure 8 An example architecture for end-to-end (E2E) wireless-aware operation is shown.

[0069] The ISAC RAN node may be referred to as a base station and may include a control plane (CP) and a user plane (UP). In an example core network (CN) domain, at least the following three functional entities may exist for radio-aware operations:

[0070] • The "Core Network Awareness Anchor Function" may be the anchor point for controlling an awareness session that may involve (one or more) ISAC RAN nodes, UEs and / or the environment.

[0071] The “core network awareness management function” may be a centralized management point for managing wireless awareness sessions, which may include providing wireless awareness session-related policies and / or configuration data and / or awareness assistance data, and including circulating awareness result data.

[0072] • "Core Network Awareness Data Storage Function" may be a data storage point for storing the awareness result data reported by (one or more) ISAC RAN nodes and / or UEs.

[0073] The interface between the "Core Network Awareness Anchor Function" entity and the "Core Network Awareness Management Function" entity can be represented as N-SBA (service based architecture like 5GC). A single "Core Network Awareness Management Function" entity can be connected to multiple "Core Network Awareness Anchor Function" entities. The N-SBA signaling process can carry awareness session related signaling data.

[0074] The interface between the "core network perception data storage function" entity and the "core network perception management function" entity is represented as "N4". A single "core network perception management function" entity can be connected to multiple "core network perception data storage function" entities. The N4 signaling process can carry perception session related signaling data. The N4 data flow process can carry perception session result data.

[0075] The interface between the "Core Network Awareness Anchor Function" entity and the "ISAC RAN Node-CP Part" can be represented as "N2". The N2 signaling process carries the awareness session related signaling data. The interface between the "Core Network Awareness Data Storage Function" entity and the "ISAC RAN Node-UP Part" is represented as "N3". The N3 data flow process can carry the awareness session result data.

[0076] Core network perception management function

[0077] The "Core Network Awareness Management Function" entity may select a target "Core Network Awareness Anchor Function" entity (among multiple options) and trigger a wireless awareness session independently or upon receiving an "Awareness Service Required" message from any other entity. The "Core Network Awareness Management Function" entity may coordinate with the selected "Core Network Awareness Anchor Function" entity via the N-SBA signaling process to manage the wireless awareness session operation.

[0078] The "core network perception management function" entity may select (among a plurality of options) a target "core network perception data storage function" entity and trigger the retrieval of the perception session result data independently of itself or upon receipt of a "perception result data retrieval request" message from any other entity. The "core network perception management function" entity may coordinate with the selected "core network perception data storage function" entity via the N4 signaling process to retrieve the relevant perception session result data.

[0079] The "core network perception management function" entity can retrieve relevant perception session result data from the target "core network perception data storage function" entity via the N4 data flow process.

[0080] Core network perception anchor function

[0081] The "Core Network Awareness Anchor Function" entity can trigger a wireless awareness session independently or upon receiving a "Awareness Service Required" message from any ISAC RAN node or from a UE. The "Core Network Awareness Anchor Function" entity can coordinate with the "Core Network Awareness Management Function" entity via the N-SBA signaling process to perform wireless awareness session operations. When the necessary wireless awareness session policies and / or configuration data and / or awareness assistance data are obtained, the "Core Network Awareness Anchor Function" entity can coordinate with the target ISAC RAN node. This can trigger and control the wireless awareness session operation via the N2 signaling process through the control plane (CP) part.

[0082] Core network perception data storage function

[0083] The "Core Network Perception Data Storage Function" entity may store the perception session result data upon receiving the perception session result data reported from (one or more) ISAC RAN nodes. This may be done via the user plane (UP) portion via the N3 data flow process. The "Core Network Perception Data Storage Function" entity may transmit the perception session result data to the "Core Network Perception Management Function" entity via the N4 data flow process independently of itself or upon receiving a "Perception Result Data Retrieval Request" message from the "Core Network Perception Management Function" entity. The "Core Network Perception Data Storage Function" entity may also transmit the perception session result data to (one or more) ISAC RAN nodes via the N3 data flow process via the user plane (UP) portion upon receiving a "Perception Result Data Transmission Command" from the "Core Network Perception Management Function" entity.

[0084] Fig. 9 An embodiment of a network system for awareness between multiple network nodes is shown. An ISAC base station includes a control plane (CP) and a user plane (UP). Fig. 9 The network system in the present invention provides wireless sensing signal and sensing data management / coordination through sensing SMF (S-SMF) and sensing UPF (S-UPF). The sensing can be part of the sensing session handled by the network. Fig. 9 Shown are awareness entities that may be different from their communication counterparts (SMF / UPF). These awareness entities may be additional entities used for awareness when the SMF / UPF is handling communications.

[0085] The access mobility function (AMF) can be used for communication and / or perception. Conversely, the S-SMF and S-UPF can be dedicated to or exclusive to wireless perception sessions. The perception SMF (S-SMF) can correspond to the "core network perception management function" entity. Similarly, the perception UPF (S-UPF) can correspond to the "core network perception data storage function" entity. In some embodiments, the ISAC capability can be used to enhance the AMF, and the AMF corresponds to the "core network perception anchor function" entity. The S-SMF can actively trigger the relevant wireless perception session to the appropriate target AMF entity.

[0086] S-SMF can acquire perception data for applications / environments. In one embodiment, the perception data may include environmental imaging data with imaging resolution and update cycle (e.g., 1 meter (m) resolution and 30 seconds update cycle in a large stadium) for a specific area. In other examples, the perception data may come from a drone and include drone trajectory information in a specific air space to locate illegally intruding drones. The imaging of this example may be an imaging resolution of 0.1m and an update cycle of 5 seconds. In this example, the drone is much smaller than the stadium and may require a finer perception resolution for sensing the wireless link RL. This configuration can be adapted to perceive drones with a finer resolution. In another example, the perception session may be to obtain vehicle cluster information in an urban area (e.g., for traffic policy guidance). This example may have an imaging resolution of 0.5m and an update cycle of 60 seconds.

[0087] Fig.10An embodiment of perception communication between multiple network nodes is shown. In box 1002, the perception SMF (S-SMF) triggers a perception session. In one embodiment, the S-SMF coordinates with the selected AMF entity via the N-SBA signaling process to trigger the required wireless perception task. In box 1004, the S-SMF sends a "perception service request" message to the AMF entity, which provides policy and configuration auxiliary data related to the perception session. For the stadium example, the data may include perception session id = XXXX, perception task type = "target imaging", perception mode = "radar type mechanism", perception target area = "stadium", perception operating frequency band = "60GHz", perception operating bandwidth = "600MHz", imaging resolution = "1m", and imaging update period = "30 seconds". For the drone example, the data may include perception session id = YYYY, perception task type = "target object tracking", perception mode = "radar type mechanism", perception target area = "indicated air space area", perception operating frequency band = "200GHz", perception operating bandwidth = "10GHz", imaging resolution = "0.1m", and imaging update period = "5 seconds". For the vehicle cluster example, the data may include perception session id, perception task type = "(one or more) target object detection", perception mode = "radar type mechanism", perception target area = "indicated ground area", preferred perception operating frequency band = "100GHz", preferred perception operating bandwidth = "5GHz", imaging resolution = "0.5m", and imaging update period = "60 seconds".

[0088] Upon receiving the "Perception Service Request" message, the AMF entity decides whether it can perform the requested wireless perception task. If accepted, the AMF entity will prepare to perform the requested wireless perception operation, and, in box 1006, reply with a "Perception Service Request Confirmation" message. If rejected, the AMF entity will reply with a "Perception Service Rejection" message containing a rejection reason value, instead of replying with the confirmation in box 1006. In box 1008, the AMF entity initiates a perception session establishment process to the target ISAC base station / gNB via the N2 interface. In box 1010, the base station can perform the requested air wireless perception operation. This can be done based on the received perception session-related policy and configuration assistance data.

[0089] After obtaining the perception session result data (e.g., imaging of the target stadium or drone trajectory information), in blocks 1012 to 1014, the ISAC gNB / base station collects the result data in the UP portion and periodically reports the result data to the indicated perception UPF (S-UPF) entity via the N3 data flow process. The S-UPF entity stores the reported perception session result data from the ISAC gNB / base station UP portion associated with the perception session identifier (id). The S-SMF can retrieve the required perception session result data from the S-UPF entity via the N4 process.

[0090] In an alternative embodiment, the ISAC may be configured for ISAC compatibility with future networks (e.g., 6th generation {6G} networks). Fig. 9 In one embodiment, the AMF may be referred to as sensing AMF (S-AMF). In addition, the ISAC base station is an xNB for the updated network. The 6G AMF entity with ISAC capability in the 6GC (6G core network) corresponds to the "core network perception anchor function" entity. The modified AMF entity can obtain perception data and actively trigger related wireless perception service requests to the S-SMF entity.

[0091] Fig.11 Another embodiment of a network system for awareness between multiple network nodes is shown. ISAC base stations each include a control plane (CP) and a user plane (UP). Fig.11 The network system in provides sensing signal and sensing data management / coordination through sensing SMF (S-SMF), sensing UPF (S-UPF) and AMF. The sensing can be part of the sensing session handled by the network.

[0092] Fig.11 Two base stations (base station 1 and base station 2) are shown. These base stations can be xNB nodes. The base station can initiate / trigger the perception session, so the perception SMF or perception UPF does not need to repeat the perception. The perception SMF entity corresponds to the "core network perception management function" entity, and the perception UPF entity is connected to the perception SMF entity via the N4 interface and corresponds to the "core network perception data storage function" entity. The AMF can be a modified AMF corresponding to the "core network perception anchor function" entity. In this example, as described above, base station 1 has first performed the wireless perception operation triggered by the perception SMF entity (based on the perception session id). The perception SMF entity may have retrieved the required perception session result data for the perception session id from the perception UPF entity. Fig.11 In this example, base station 2 may want to obtain sensing data. Fig.12 As shown, base station 2 can actively trigger related wireless perception service requests to AMF.

[0093] Fig.12 Another embodiment of the perception communication between multiple network nodes is shown. In this example, base station 2 can initiate a perception request, and AMF forwards the request and perception data accordingly. Specifically, in box 1202, base station 2 coordinates with the AMF entity via the N2 signaling process to trigger the required wireless perception task by sending a "perception service required" message to the AMF entity. In box 1204, the AMF entity coordinates with the perception SMF entity via the N-SBA signaling process to trigger the required wireless perception task by sending a "perception service required" message to the perception SMF entity. When the "perception service required" message is processed, the perception SMF entity determines whether the wireless perception operation (for example, based on the perception session id) has been performed and whether the required perception session result data for the session id is available. The perception SMF entity may decide not to perform the required wireless perception task again, and in box 1206, a "perception result data transmission request" message is sent back to the AMF entity. In box 1208, the AMF entity, upon receiving the "perception result data transmission request" message, forwards the "perception result data transmission request" message to base station 2. In box 1210, upon receiving the "perception result data transmission request" message, base station 2 prepares to receive the required perception session result data for the specific session id. In box 1212, base station 2 replies with a "perception result data transmission response" message to the AMF entity. In box 1214, the AMF entity forwards the "perception result data transmission response" message to the perception SMF entity. In box 1216, the perception SMF entity commands the perception UPF entity to transmit the required perception session result data for the specific session id to base station 2 via the N3 data flow process. In box 1218, the perception UPF entity sends the required perception session result data for the specific session id to the base station 2 associated with the specific session id. In box 1220, base station 2 obtains the perception session result data. Base station 2 can collect and obtain the required perception session result data for the specific session id from the perception UPF entity via the N3 data flow process.

[0094] Fig.13 An example of wireless sensing using user equipment (UE) positioning is shown. Positioning is an example of wireless sensing. In this example, the position (position / location) of the UE is determined. In other embodiments, sensing can be for things other than location, which is just one example of sensing signals. Other wireless sensing examples include wireless channel estimation, environmental imaging, and object detection. This can be based on radar-type mechanisms. In other examples, a UE with ISAC capability can perform various wireless sensing of the user's biometrics based on its local wireless sensors. At the same time, Fig.13UE positioning is shown as an example, and in other embodiments, any other type of wireless sensing operation can be managed and controlled by the IMT system. UE positioning perception related data (e.g., positioning assistance data, configuration data, PRS (Positioning Reference Signal) measurement result data) can be transmitted via signaling bearer / connection (e.g., SRB (Signaling RadioBearer) and NGAP (Next Generation Application Protocol)). In other wireless sensing embodiments, there may be more types and different quantities of wireless sensing related data that can be transmitted and / or stored by the IMT system. As shown for UE positioning, there may be relevant perception processes for the coordination of wireless sensing operations of multiple network nodes (e.g., LMF (Location Management Function), AMF, RAN, UE).

[0095] In box 1302, there is a request for location services, which may come from an entity in the 5GC (e.g., GMLC (Gateway Mobile Location Center)). As mentioned, this example is specific to location, positioning, or location services, but this is just an example of perception data. In another embodiment, in box 1304, the serving AMF of the target UE may determine the need for location services (e.g., to locate the UE for an emergency call). In another embodiment, in box 1306, the UE requests location services (e.g., delivery of positioning or assistance data) from the serving AMF at the NAS level.

[0096] In box 1308, the AMF transmits a location service request to the LMF. In box 1310, the LMF initiates a positioning procedure with a serving and possibly neighboring base station to obtain positioning measurements or assistance data. In an alternative embodiment, in box 1312, the LMF initiates a positioning procedure with the UE to obtain a position estimate or positioning measurements, or transmits location assistance data to the UE. In box 1314, the LMF provides a location service response to the AMF and includes any required results (e.g., a success indication or a failure indication, and a position estimate of the UE (if requested and obtained)). In response to box 1302, in box 1316, the AMF returns a location service response (a response to box 1314) to the AMF and includes any required results (e.g., a position estimate of the UE). In response to box 1304, in box 1318, the AMF uses the location service response (using the response received in box 1314) to assist the service triggered in box 1304 (e.g., a position estimate associated with an emergency call can be provided to the GMLC). In response to block 1306, in block 1320, the AMF returns a location service response to the UE and includes any required results (e.g., a location estimate of the UE).

[0097] The systems and processes described above may be encoded in a signal bearing medium, a computer readable medium (such as a memory), programmed in a device (such as one or more integrated circuits, one or more processors), or processed by a controller or computer. Data may be analyzed in a computer system and used to generate a spectrum. If the method is performed by software, the software may be in a memory that is in a storage device, a synchronizer, a communication interface, or a non-volatile memory or a volatile memory that communicates with a transmitter, or is connected to a storage device, a synchronizer, a communication interface, or a non-volatile memory or a volatile memory that communicates with a transmitter through an interface. The circuit or electronic device is designed to send data to another location. The memory may include an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing a logical function. The described logical function or any system element may be implemented by an optical circuit, a digital circuit, by source code, by an analog circuit, by an analog source (such as an analog electrical, analog audio or analog video signal or a combination thereof). The software may be implemented in any computer readable medium or signal bearing medium for use by an instruction executable system, device or device, or connected to an instruction executable system, device or device. Such a system may include a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or another system that can selectively retrieve instructions from an instruction-executable system, apparatus, or device that can also execute the instructions.

[0098] "Computer readable medium", "machine readable medium", "propagating signal" medium and / or "signal bearing medium" may include any device that stores, transmits, propagates or transmits software for use with an instruction executable system, device or equipment, or is connected to an instruction executable system, device or equipment. Machine readable medium may selectively be, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor system, device, device or propagation medium. A non-exhaustive list of examples of machine readable medium would include: an electrically connected "electronic device" having one or more wires, a portable magnetic or optical disk, a volatile memory such as a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM, or flash memory), or an optical fiber. Since software can be stored electronically as an image or other format (e.g., by optical scanning), and then compiled and / or interpreted or otherwise processed, machine readable medium may also include a tangible medium on which the software is printed. The processed media may then be stored in computer and / or machine memory.

[0099] The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structures of the various embodiments. These illustrations are not intended to be used as a complete description of all elements and features of the devices and systems utilizing the structures or methods described herein. For those skilled in the art, many other embodiments may be apparent after reviewing this disclosure. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from this disclosure, so that structural and logical replacements and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In addition, these illustrations are representative only and may not be drawn to scale. Certain proportions within the illustrations may be exaggerated, while other proportions may be reduced. Therefore, this disclosure and the accompanying drawings should be considered illustrative, rather than restrictive.

[0100] One or more embodiments of the present disclosure may be referred to herein individually and / or collectively by the term "invention", which is merely for convenience and is not intended to voluntarily limit the scope of the present application to any particular invention or inventive concept. In addition, although specific embodiments have been shown and described herein, it should be understood that any subsequent arrangements designed to achieve the same or similar purposes may replace the specific embodiments shown. The present disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent adaptations or modifications of the various embodiments. For those skilled in the art, after reviewing the specification, the combination of the above embodiments and other embodiments not specifically described herein will be apparent.

[0101] The phrase "coupled with" is defined to mean directly connected to or indirectly connected through one or more intermediate components. Such intermediate components may include both hardware and software based components. The arrangement and type of components may be changed without departing from the spirit or scope of the claims described herein. In addition, additional, different or fewer components may be provided.

[0102] The subject matter disclosed above should be considered illustrative, not restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments that fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, to the maximum extent permitted by law, the scope of the present invention will be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the appended claims and their equivalents, and should not be limited or restricted by the foregoing detailed description. Although various embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that there may be many more embodiments and implementations within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited except by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for wireless sensing, comprising: triggering a wireless awareness session for one or more awareness purposes; Coordination via one or more signalling processes; as well as Operation of the wireless-aware session is managed based on the coordination.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The triggering, the coordination and the management are performed by a sensing management function (S-SMF) of the core network.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The trigger is triggered by the S-SMF independently or upon receiving a "sense service need" command from another node or entity.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The coordination is performed with a core network awareness anchor function (AMF), the core network awareness anchor function includes one or more wireless awareness contexts, and the coordination is performed with a core network awareness data storage function (S-UPF), the core network awareness data storage function includes wireless awareness session result data.

5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising: Before the triggering, a target core network perception anchor function is selected.

6. The method according to claim 2, further comprising: Triggers retrieval of wireless awareness session result data.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The retrieval is performed by the core network S-SMF independently or upon receiving a "sensing result data retrieval request" command from another node or entity.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The radio awareness session result data includes awareness result data associated with the radio awareness session performed by a base station and / or a user equipment (UE).

9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising: The perception session result data is stored by a core network perception data storage function entity (S-UPF).

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The wireless sensing session includes different wireless sensing types, including at least target location determination, wireless channel estimation, environment imaging or object detection based on radar-type sensing, and / or bio-indicators.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The wireless awareness session includes functions performed by local wireless sensors in a base station and / or a user equipment (UE).

12. A wireless communication device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein: The processor is configured to read code from the memory and implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. A computer program product, comprising a computer-readable program medium, wherein codes are stored on the computer-readable program medium, and when the codes are executed by a processor, the processor is prompted to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

14. A system comprising: A wireless awareness session management function (S-SMF), which is used to provide policies, configuration data or awareness assistance data related to wireless awareness sessions; as well as A session management function (SMF) is used to provide communication session related policies and configuration data, wherein the S-SMF is independent of the SMF and decoupled from the SMF.

15. The system of claim 14, further comprising: User Equipment (UE); as well as A base station, wherein the base station is between the UE and an access and mobility management function (AMF), the S-SMF or the SMF.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein: The base station generates a wireless perception signal according to the policy, configuration data or perception assistance data provided by the S-SMF, wherein the wireless perception signal is directed to the UE, target entity or environment.

17. The system of claim 15, wherein: The S-SMF manages the wireless awareness session and the SMF manages one or more other communication sessions.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein: Managing the wireless awareness session includes retrieving wireless awareness session result data.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein: The retrieval is performed independently or upon receiving a "sensing result data retrieval request" command from another node or entity.

20. The system of claim 18, wherein: The awareness session result data includes data associated with the wireless awareness session performed by the base station and / or the UE.

21. The system of claim 14, wherein: The wireless sensing session includes different wireless sensing types, including at least target location determination, wireless channel estimation, environment imaging or object detection based on radar-type sensing, and / or bio-indicators.

22. A system comprising: Awareness Anchor Function (AMF), configured to control wireless awareness sessions; a sensing management function (S-SMF) configured to manage the wireless sensing session; as well as A sensing data storage function (S-UPF) is configured to store wireless sensing result data from the wireless sensing session.

23. The system of claim 22, wherein: The management also includes: Provide wireless awareness session-related policies; Providing configuration data and / or assistance data related to the wireless awareness session; and The wireless sensing session result data is transmitted to another node or entity.

24. The system of claim 23, wherein: The radio awareness session result data is reported by a base station, a user equipment (UE), and / or transmitted from the S-UPF.

25. The system of claim 23, wherein: The Sensing Management Function (S-SMF) comprises a centralized management point in the system.

26. The system of claim 22, wherein: The awareness management function includes an awareness session management function (S-SMF) for awareness rather than communication purposes.

27. The system of claim 22, wherein: The sensing result data includes sensing result data associated with the wireless sensing session performed by a base station and / or a user equipment (UE).

28. The system of claim 22, wherein: The wireless sensing session includes different wireless sensing types, including at least target location determination, wireless channel estimation, environment imaging or object detection based on radar-type sensing, and / or bio-indicators.

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