Method for breeding fruiting branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of economic crop planting, and discloses a green zanthoxylum tree fruiting branch breeding method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a new shoot of a green zanthoxylum tree in a fruit swelling period as a fruiting branch of the next year, and combining multiple effects of pruning, fertilizing and a plant growth regulation composition to breed the fruiting branch of the green zanthoxylum tree. The method stimulates the formation of hidden buds and the germination of latent buds in a fruit expansion period, increases the number of new shoots and promotes the growth of the new shoots, so that the number of the new shoots is greater than the required number of fruiting branches, and the length of the aged branches of the new shoots reaches 100 cm or more required by high yield. According to the breeding method provided by the invention, the new shoots sprouted in the fruit expansion period of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees are selected as fruiting branches of the next year, the growth time of the new shoots exceeds 150 days, water heat is sufficient in the growth period, the growth time of the new shoots is longer than that of new shoots sprouted after normal boughs retract in a water heat sufficient region, and the new shoots are more prone to aging and flowering; and the method is not limited by hydrothermal conditions, and is suitable for application and popularization in multiple regions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of economic crop planting, and in particular to a method for breeding fruiting branches of a green prickly ash tree. Background Art

[0002] The green prickly ash tree is a deciduous shrub or small tree, and its fruit, branches, leaves, and seeds are all fragrant. The peel, thorns, seeds, and leaves of the green prickly ash tree contain a variety of valuable substances, which are widely used in food, medicine, industrial raw materials, and other aspects after processing. . Its peel is rich in volatile oils, which can be used to extract aromatic oils and can also be processed to make soap; because of its strong hemp flavor, it can remove the fishy odor of various meats, promote saliva secretion, increase appetite, and is also a good seasoning; the seeds can be used to extract oil, and the young branches and fresh leaves can be fried or pan-fried, with a unique taste.

[0003] The main planting areas of green pepper are the barren hillside wastelands in Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Guizhou and other places. It can not only fix water and soil, but also has high economic benefits. In order to increase planting income and reduce labor costs, the fruiting mother branch reduction technology is currently being promoted in green pepper planting areas. The fruiting mother branch is the branch on which the fruiting branch is born. The fruiting mother branch reduction technology is to shorten the fruiting mother branch after the pepper fruit is harvested in autumn to promote the germination of new shoots, and use the sprouted new shoots as the fruiting branches for the next year. Since the germination, growth, and lignification of new shoots require sufficient accumulated temperature and nutrients, in areas with abundant water and heat such as Sichuan and Chongqing, the new shoots sprouted from the retracted mother branches can grow and age in large quantities before the arrival of winter, achieving a high yield next year. However, in high-altitude areas such as Yunnan and Guizhou, there is insufficient water and heat, and the new branches that grow after the fruiting mother branches are retracted often cannot age into flowers before the arrival of winter, which seriously affects the yield. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for breeding fruiting branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees, so as to achieve a high yield of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and improve the planting efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows.

[0006] A method for breeding fruiting branches of a Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree, characterized in that new shoots generated by the Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree during the fruit expansion period are selected as fruiting branches for the next year, and the specific operation method comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Prune the green pepper tree before the fruit expands. The pruning standard is based on the ventilation and light transmission of the inner chamber;

[0008] Step 2: After pruning, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and a plant growth regulating composition are applied to the green pepper tree, wherein the application amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 4-8% of the yield of the green pepper tree per plant; the plant growth regulating composition comprises benzylamine gibberellic acid, triacontanol and humic acid liquid fertilizer, and the application method of the plant growth regulating composition is spraying after dilution, the dilution multiple is 250-1000 times, and the application amount is 60kg of the diluted liquid per mu.

[0009] Furthermore, the volume ratio of benzylamino gibberellic acid: triacontanol: humic acid liquid fertilizer in the plant growth regulating composition is 1:2:5.

[0010] Furthermore, the active ingredients in the benzylamino gibberellic acid include 1.8wt% of benzylaminopurine and 1.8wt% of gibberellin, the mass percentage of the active ingredients in the triacontanol is 0.1%, and the humic acid content in the humic acid liquid fertilizer is ≥40g / L.

[0011] Furthermore, the application dilution multiple of the plant growth regulating composition is 500 times.

[0012] The present invention utilizes the new shoots generated during the fruit expansion period to become the fruiting branches of the next year, and the new shoots can be guaranteed to age and become flowers in the current year in combination with the lateral branch rotation pruning method. However, the new shoots generated during the fruit expansion period are mainly outside the crown, and their number and length often cannot meet the demand for high yield in the next year. Therefore, increasing the number of new shoots during the fruit expansion period, promoting the growth of new shoots, and lengthening the length of the lignified branches of the new shoots are the keys to ensure high yield of the new shoots during the fruit expansion period as fruiting branches. The present invention stimulates the formation of latent buds and the germination of latent buds during the fruit expansion period through the multiple effects of pruning, fertilizing and plant growth regulating compositions, increases the number of new shoots, promotes the growth of new shoots, ensures that the number of new shoots is greater than the required number of fruiting branches and the length of the aging branches of the new shoots meet the requirements of high yield of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, and the new shoots processed by the method of the present invention germinate in May, the growth time exceeds 150 days and the water and heat are sufficient during the growth period, and the growth time of the new shoots that germinate after the normal large branches shrink in the water and heat sufficient area is longer, and it is easier to age and become flowers.

[0013] According to experience, the fruiting branches of the green pepper tree generally reach a length of more than 100 cm to achieve high yields. At this time, the average ratio between the yield of a single plant and the number of branches is about 1:6, that is, 6 branches of more than 100 cm are required for 1 kg of fruit yield. The present invention ventilates and transmits light to the inner chamber through pruning, which can promote the formation of latent buds and the germination of latent buds on the inner chamber branches, and has a promoting effect on increasing the number of branches; applying high-nitrogen compound fertilizers and plant growth regulating compositions after pruning can promote the germination of latent buds and the growth of new shoots; the combined application of pruning, fertilization and plant growth regulating compositions ensures that the number of new shoots is greater than the required number of fruiting branches, and the length of the aging branches of the new shoots reaches more than 100 cm required for high yields.

[0014] In the plant growth regulating composition used in the present invention, the active ingredients of benzylaminopurine (6-BA) and triacontanol (TA) in benzylamino gibberellic acid can promote the formation of latent buds and the germination of latent buds, humic acid has a promoting effect on the growth of new shoots, and the active ingredient of benzylamino gibberellic acid, gibberellin (GA 4+7 ) can promote the formation of latent buds, the germination of latent buds and the growth of new shoots. The three agents are mixed in the plant growth regulating composition, and their action mechanisms are complementary and additive.

[0015] Furthermore, since the fruit expansion of green pepper includes two expansions, and the green pepper tree is more likely to produce new shoots during the second fruit expansion period, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pruning of the green pepper tree in step 1 is performed before the second expansion of the green pepper fruit.

[0016] Preferably, the trimming method in step 1 above is skylight trimming.

[0017] Furthermore, timely fertilization after pruning can doubly stimulate the germination of latent buds. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application time of the above-mentioned high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is within 3 days after pruning, and the application time of the above-mentioned plant growth regulating composition is within 3 days after the application of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer.

[0018] Furthermore, the new shoots that emerge during the fruit expansion period are mainly on the periphery of the crown. In order to maintain the tree shape, these new shoots should be grown on the second and third level main branches within 20 cm below the existing fruiting mother branches and inside the tree body. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application site of the above-mentioned plant growth regulating composition is within 20 cm below the fruiting mother branches and inside the tree body.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 6% of the yield of the green pepper tree.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the effective component mass percentage of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is ≥ 45.0%, and the effective components include N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O, mass ratio is N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=25∶5∶15.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) According to the breeding method provided by the present invention, the number of new shoots is much greater than the required number of fruiting branches, and the length of the fruiting branches bred can be more than 100 cm, thus ensuring the continuous high yield of the green pepper tree;

[0023] (2) The breeding method provided by the present invention selects new shoots that sprout from Zanthoxylum bungeanum trees during the fruit expansion period as the fruiting branches for the next year. The new shoots have a growth period of more than 150 days and are water- and heat-sufficient during the growth period. The new shoots have a longer growth period than the new shoots that sprout after the normal large branches shrink in areas with sufficient water and heat, and are more likely to age and become flowers.

[0024] (3) The breeding method provided by the present invention is not limited by hydrothermal conditions and is suitable for application and promotion in multiple regions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are only exemplary of the present invention and should not be regarded as the entirety of the present invention or as a limitation or restriction to the technical solution of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the pesticide technical, adjuvant and other reagents used in the following tests can be obtained through conventional commercial channels.

[0026] The basic information of the drugs used in the following examples is shown in Table 1 below.

[0027] Table 1. Basic information of the test drugs

[0028]

[0029] The following examples were conducted at a green pepper test site in Qishu Village, Yiliang County, Yunnan Province, with a planting density of 48 plants per mu and a plant spacing of 3.5m×4m. The following examples were conducted by randomly selecting five trees with a single plant yield of 12.5±0.1kg from the test site. The test time was: the green pepper essential oil cavity was clearly visible but not convex, before the second fruit expansion period, the fruit particle transverse diameter was about 3mm, and each plant had 4-5 late spring shoots visible.

[0030] Examples 1-9 were tested according to the following steps:

[0031] The first step is to prune the green pepper fruit before it expands for the second time, making sure that the inner chamber is well ventilated and light-permeable;

[0032] The second step is to apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (Song Er) to the soil within three days after pruning;

[0033] The third step is to spray the plant growth regulating composition within 20 cm below the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and the inner bore within three days after fertilization.

[0034] Examples 10-18 were tested according to the following steps:

[0035] The second step is to apply high nitrogen compound fertilizer (Song Er) to the soil before the second expansion of the green pepper fruit;

[0036] The third step is to spray the plant growth regulating composition within 20 cm below the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and the inner bore within three days after fertilization.

[0037] The soil fertilizer application rates and plant growth regulating composition application rates for Examples 1 to 18 are shown in Table 2 below.

[0038] Table 2. Table of dosage of fertilizers and plant growth regulating compositions for Examples 1-18

[0039] Serial number Fertilizer application amount Plant growth regulating composition amount Example 1 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 1000 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 2 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 500 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 3 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 250 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 4 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 1000 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 5 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 500 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 6 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 250 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 7 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 1000 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 8 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 500 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 9 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 250 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 10 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 1000 times, usage: 60kg / mu Embodiment 11 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 500 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 12 0.5kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 250 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 13 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 1000 times, usage: 60kg / mu Embodiment 14 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 500 times, usage: 60kg / mu Embodiment 15 0.75kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 250 times, usage: 60kg / mu Example 16 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 1000 times, usage: 60kg / mu Embodiment 17 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 500 times, usage: 60kg / mu Embodiment 18 1kg / plant Volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 250 times, usage: 60kg / mu

[0040] Examples 19 to 22 are control groups, wherein Example 19 is not treated in any way, and Examples 20 to 22 are treated according to the following method.

[0041] Example 20: Prune the green pepper fruit before it expands for the second time, making sure that the inner cavity is ventilated and light-permeable.

[0042] Example 21: Before the second expansion of the green pepper fruit, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer (Song Er) was applied to the soil at a rate of 0.75 kg per plant.

[0043] Example 22: Before the second expansion of the green pepper fruit, spray a plant growth regulating composition within 20 cm from the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and the inner bore. The composition and dosage of the plant growth regulating composition are: volume ratio: Fruit Power: Youfeng: Luokang = 1:2:5, dilution multiple 500 times, usage: 60kg / mu.

[0044] Before each embodiment is tested according to the above steps, the number of fruiting branches of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree with a length exceeding 80 cm (the number of fruiting branches) in each embodiment is counted. After the test starts, the new shoots within 20 cm of the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and on the inner bore are marked, and their number (the number of new shoots) is recorded. In the winter of that year (mid-December), the number of branches with a length exceeding 100 cm (the number of effective new shoots) after the marked new shoots are aged is recorded. The results are shown in Table 3 below.

[0045] Table 3. Test results of various examples

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] Note: Number of effective new shoots per plant = number of effective new shoots / 5;

[0049] Effective new shoot rate = number of effective new shoots / number of new shoots × 100%.

[0050] In the test, it was found that the young leaves of the treatment group sprayed with 250 times the plant growth regulating composition in each embodiment showed slight curling, indicating slight phytotoxicity; while the treatment group with a fertilizer application rate of 1 kg / plant showed severe aphid damage and high prevention and control costs.

[0051] According to experience, the fruiting branches of the green pepper tree can generally reach a high yield when the length reaches more than 100 cm. At this time, the average ratio between the yield per plant and the number of branches is about 1:6, that is, 6 branches over 100 cm are required to produce 1 kg of fruit. In other words, a tree with a single yield of 12.5 kg needs to form 80 new fruiting branches within 20 cm from the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and on the second and third level main branches in the tree body to achieve continuous high yields. Considering pruning, pests and other reasons, the number of new shoots should reach about 150.

[0052] When the yield per plant reaches 12.5kg / plant, the number of effective new shoots per plant exceeds 80 under normal circumstances, which is the prerequisite for stable yield in the next year; if the number of effective new shoots per plant is less than 70, it will affect the yield in the next year. Therefore, the higher the number of effective new shoots per plant, the higher the yield in the next year, and vice versa. Under the premise of sufficient number of new shoots, the higher the effective new shoot rate, the lower the cost of manual thinning, and vice versa.

[0053] From the data in Table 3 above, the number of individual branches of Examples 1-9 is more than 80, and the effective new shoot rate of Examples 1-18 is relatively high. From the actual production point of view, maintaining more effective new shoots and proportions can achieve higher yields and lower labor costs for thinning branches. The effects of Examples 1-9 can all be adopted, but the best effect is Example 5-9. In addition, considering the cost and safety of pest control, Example 5 is the best treatment solution.

[0054] From the above test data, it can be concluded that in order to achieve the purpose of increasing the number and length of new shoots during the fruit expansion period of green pepper, the effective treatment plan includes the following steps (taking the single plant yield of 12.5 kg as an example):

[0055] The first step is to prune the green pepper fruit before it expands for the second time, making sure that the inner chamber is well ventilated and light-permeable;

[0056] The second step is to apply high-nitrogen compound fertilizer to the soil within three days after pruning, with the fertilizer amount being 0.5-1kg / plant, preferably 0.75kg / plant;

[0057] The third step is to spray a plant growth regulating composition within 20 cm of the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and the inner bore within three days after fertilization, wherein the plant growth regulating composition comprises benzylamine·gibberellic acid, triacontanol and humic acid liquid fertilizer, and the volume ratio of benzylamine·gibberellic acid: triacontanol: humic acid liquid fertilizer is 1:2:5, and the application method is spraying after dilution, the dilution multiple is 250-1000 times, preferably 500 times dilution, and the application amount is 60kg diluted liquid / mu.

[0058] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present invention specification, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding fruiting branches of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, characterized in that: Select the new shoots of the green pepper tree during the fruit expansion period as the fruiting branches for the next year. The specific operation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Prune the green pepper tree before the fruit expands. The pruning standard is based on the ventilation and light transmission of the inner chamber; Step 2: After pruning, high-nitrogen compound fertilizer and a plant growth regulating composition are applied to the green pepper tree, wherein the application amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 4-8% of the yield of the green pepper tree per plant; the plant growth regulating composition comprises benzylamine gibberellic acid, triacontanol and humic acid liquid fertilizer, and the application method of the plant growth regulating composition is spraying after dilution, the dilution multiple is 250-1000 times, and the application amount is 60kg of the diluted liquid per mu.

2. The method for breeding fruiting branches of a Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume ratio of benzylamino gibberellic acid: triacontanol: humic acid liquid fertilizer in the plant growth regulating composition is 1:2:

5.

3. A method for breeding fruiting branches of a Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The effective components of the benzylamino gibberellic acid include 1.8wt% of benzylaminopurine and 1.8wt% of gibberellin, the mass percentage of the effective components in the triacontanol is 0.1%, and the humic acid content in the humic acid liquid fertilizer is ≥40g / L.

4. The method for breeding fruiting branches of a Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application dilution factor of the plant growth regulating composition is 500 times.

5. The method for breeding fruiting branches of a Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the green pepper tree is pruned before the fruit expands for the second time.

6. The method for breeding fruiting branches of a Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trimming method of step 1 is skylight trimming.

7. The method for breeding fruiting branches of a Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied within 3 days after pruning, and the plant growth regulating composition is applied within 3 days after the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied.

8. The method for breeding fruiting branches of a Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application site of the plant growth regulating composition is within 20 cm of the lower end of the fruiting mother branch and the inner bore.

9. The method for breeding fruiting branches of a Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 6% of the yield of the green pepper tree.

10. The method for breeding fruiting branches of a Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass percentage of effective ingredients in the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is ≥45.0%, and the effective ingredients include N, P2O5 and K2O, and the mass ratio is N:P2O5:K2O=25:5:15.

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