A sodium-ion battery module-based hierarchical early warning and automatic fire suppression system

Abstract

This invention discloses a hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system for sodium-ion battery modules. The system includes a sodium-ion battery module box, an ultrasonic monitoring module, a temperature-sensitive self-activating aerosol, and a multi-parameter coupled measurement optical fiber. The sodium-ion battery module box wall has a one-way opening safety valve and a fire extinguishing pipeline channel. The ultrasonic monitoring module can provide early warning of abnormal data inside the sodium-ion battery. The temperature-sensitive self-activating aerosol can automatically activate at different temperatures. The multi-parameter coupled measurement optical fiber can achieve simultaneous measurement at multiple points. This invention, through the design of the one-way safety valve, prevents oxygen from entering, reducing the probability of fire inside the sodium-ion battery module box; the self-activating temperature-sensitive aerosol achieves instantaneous extinguishing of open flames; and the use of perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent effectively suppresses the propagation of thermal runaway from the sodium-ion battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sodium-ion batteries, and particularly relates to the field of sodium-ion battery fire safety, specifically to a sodium-ion battery module hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, electrochemical energy storage has become the most widely used and most promising power storage technology. Among them, lithium-ion battery energy storage systems have demonstrated enormous potential in promoting the integration of renewable resources and improving system operational flexibility due to their advantages such as flexible resource allocation, fast response speed, and immunity to weather and geographical location. Despite the superior performance of lithium-ion batteries, the finite nature of lithium resources has prompted researchers to actively seek alternatives. Sodium-ion batteries, with their similar working principle to lithium-ion batteries, lower cost, and higher safety, have shown strong competitiveness, thus driving the large-scale development of sodium-ion battery energy storage.

[0003] Sodium-ion batteries and lithium-ion batteries share similar operating principles, resulting in a similar potential hazard—thermal runaway. Under conditions of abuse such as overcharging, sodium-ion batteries can exhibit abnormal temperature rises, eventually entering a thermal runaway phase. This can trigger the propagation of thermal runaway between batteries, leading to serious consequences such as jet fires or explosions, posing a significant threat to property and personal safety.

[0004] Sodium-ion batteries and lithium-ion batteries exhibit significant differences in thermal runaway. These differences are reflected in multiple aspects, including the thermal runaway phenomenon, safety valve opening temperature, maximum thermal runaway temperature, and the composition of generated gases. Therefore, developing a graded early warning and automatic fire suppression safety system for thermal runaway in sodium-ion battery modules is of great significance.

[0005] Current research on early warning and fire suppression systems primarily focuses on ternary lithium-ion and lithium iron phosphate batteries, while research on early warning and automatic fire suppression systems for sodium-ion battery modules is relatively scarce. This situation urgently necessitates strengthening research on the safety of sodium-ion batteries to promote their safer and more reliable application in the energy storage field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system for sodium-ion battery modules. This system improves the accuracy of early warning, instantly extinguishes any open flames, suppresses the propagation of thermal runaway between sodium-ion batteries, and prevents electrical short circuits within the battery modules. This minimizes property damage caused by thermal runaway of sodium-ion batteries and maximizes the protection of everyone's lives.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A sodium-ion battery module-based hierarchical early warning and automatic fire suppression system includes:

[0009] The sodium-ion battery module box and the sodium-ion battery module are provided, wherein the sodium-ion battery module box has a rectangular box structure, and the sodium-ion battery module is located inside the sodium-ion battery module box; wherein...

[0010] The sodium-ion battery module box includes a multi-parameter coupled measurement optical fiber, an ultrasonic monitoring module, and a temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device.

[0011] The multi-parameter coupled measurement fiber is used to provide a first-level early warning signal when abnormal temperature or pressure signals of the sodium-ion battery module are detected.

[0012] The ultrasonic monitoring module is used to determine whether the first-level warning signal is accurate when it is received. If it is accurate, a second-level warning signal is given; if it is inaccurate, the first-level warning signal is canceled.

[0013] The temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device is used to monitor whether the sodium-ion battery module has reached a preset abnormal temperature when the multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber fails to work properly, and to activate a level three warning signal and a level four warning signal for different preset abnormal temperatures.

[0014] Furthermore, the sodium-ion battery module box includes six sides, namely, the module box A side and the module box D side placed front to back, the module box B side and the module box C side placed left to right, and the module box top surface and the module box bottom surface.

[0015] The ultrasonic monitoring module includes a first slide rail, an ultrasonic transmitting probe, a second slide rail, and an ultrasonic receiving probe. The first slide rail and ultrasonic transmitting probe are located on the side of module box B, and the second slide rail and ultrasonic receiving probe are located on the side of module box C. The ultrasonic transmitting probe is activated when it receives a first-level warning signal and slides along the first slide rail to the fault area to perform ultrasonic monitoring. The ultrasonic receiving probe receives the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting probe and moves synchronously with the ultrasonic transmitting probe along the second slide rail.

[0016] Furthermore, the side of module box A includes a main positive port, a main negative port, a signal transmission port, and a fire extinguishing pipeline interface; wherein, the main positive port and the main negative port are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the sodium-ion battery module for charging and discharging the sodium-ion battery module; the signal transmission port is used to transmit ultrasonic monitoring signals inside the sodium-ion battery module box, temperature and pressure signals inside the sodium-ion battery module, and temperature signals above and to the side of the sodium-ion battery module; the fire extinguishing pipeline interface is used to connect an external perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent cylinder and an internal high-temperature self-damaging fire extinguishing agent release pipeline.

[0017] Furthermore, the high-temperature self-damaging fire extinguishing agent release pipeline is in a pressurized state, and the pipeline is located above the battery safety valve.

[0018] Furthermore, the first slide rail and the second slide rail are located on the long axis of symmetry of the side of module box B and the side of module box C, respectively.

[0019] Furthermore, the ultrasonic receiving probe and the ultrasonic transmitting probe can only slide at the same relative position on their respective slide rails.

[0020] Furthermore, the module box D includes a one-way safety valve on its side, which is used to quickly remove high-temperature and high-pressure gas from inside the sodium-ion battery module box when thermal runaway occurs in the sodium-ion battery module, while preventing the interaction between the gas inside and outside the sodium-ion battery module box.

[0021] Furthermore, the temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device is located on the top surface of the module box and includes a first aerosol, a second aerosol, a first temperature-sensing cable, and a second temperature-sensing cable. The first aerosol is connected to the first temperature-sensing cable, and the second aerosol is connected to the second temperature-sensing cable. The trigger temperature of the first temperature-sensing cable is lower than the trigger temperature of the second temperature-sensing cable. When the trigger temperature of the first temperature-sensing cable is reached inside the sodium-ion battery module box, the first aerosol is triggered to release the agent, initiating a level three warning signal. When the trigger temperature of the second temperature-sensing cable is reached, the second aerosol is triggered to also release the agent, initiating a level four warning signal.

[0022] Furthermore, the trigger temperature of the temperature-sensing cable of the temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device is 135-170℃.

[0023] Furthermore, the multi-parameter coupling measurement fiber includes a temperature and pressure coupling fiber and a temperature measuring fiber. The temperature and pressure coupling fiber is located inside the sodium-ion battery module, and the temperature measuring fiber is located on the upper surface and side of the sodium-ion battery module.

[0024] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0025] This invention achieves early warning through a four-level early warning system and full-process automatic monitoring, effectively saving manpower and material resources while increasing protection for sodium-ion battery modules. By combining multi-parameter coupled measurement fiber optics with an ultrasonic monitoring module, the probability of false alarms is effectively reduced, preventing damage to the sodium-ion battery modules caused by false alarms. A temperature-sensitive self-starting aerosol device effectively extinguishes open flames instantly, and the aerosol temperature-sensitive self-starting function effectively prevents situations where open flames cannot be quickly extinguished in the event of an early warning system failure. By installing two high-temperature resistant, waterproof, and dustproof one-way safety valves, high-temperature and high-pressure gases can be quickly discharged when thermal runaway occurs in the sodium-ion battery module box, while simultaneously blocking the interaction of gases inside and outside the battery module, avoiding the risk of short circuits within the sodium-ion battery module box. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a sodium-ion battery module-based hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 These are side views B and C of the sodium-ion battery module box in this invention;

[0028] Figure 3 These are side and top views of the sodium-ion battery module box D in this invention;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sodium-ion battery module in this invention.

[0030] Figure label:

[0031] 1-Sodium-ion battery module box; 2-Side of module box A, 21-General positive terminal of module box, 22-General negative terminal of module box, 23-Signal transmission port, 24-Fire extinguishing pipeline interface; 3-Side of module box B, 31-First slide rail, 32-Ultrasonic transmitting probe; 4-Side of module box C, 41-Second slide rail, 42-Ultrasonic receiving probe, 43-Ultrasonic monitoring module; 5-Side of module box D, 51-One-way safety valve; 6-Top of module box, 61-First aerosol, 62-Second aerosol, 63-First temperature sensing cable, 64-Second temperature sensing cable; 65-Temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device; 7-Sodium-ion battery module; 71-Temperature and pressure measurement coupling fiber optic cable, 72-Temperature measuring fiber optic cable, 73-Multi-parameter coupling measurement fiber optic cable, 74-High-temperature self-damaging fire extinguishing agent release pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The objectives and technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments obtained from these embodiments without creative effort are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The system includes a sodium-ion battery module box 1 and a sodium-ion battery module 7. The sodium-ion battery module box 1 is a rectangular box structure with a thickness greater than 3 mm. It includes six sides: side A 2 and side D 5 of the module box placed front to back, side B 3 and side C 4 of the module box placed left to right, and top and bottom surfaces of the module box (not shown in the figure). The sodium-ion battery module 7 is located inside the sodium-ion battery module box 1.

[0034] The module box A side 2 includes a module box main positive port 21, a module box main negative port 22, a signal transmission port 23, and a fire extinguishing pipe interface 24; wherein, the module box main positive port 21 and the module box main negative port 22 are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the sodium-ion battery module 7, enabling the charging and discharging of the sodium-ion battery module 7; the signal transmission port 23 is used to transmit ultrasonic monitoring signals inside the sodium-ion battery module box 1, temperature and pressure signals inside the sodium-ion battery module 7, and signals from the sodium-ion battery module 7. The temperature signals on the sides and sides, the fire extinguishing pipeline interface 24 is used to connect to the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent cylinder, the fire extinguishing agent pipeline interface 24 is connected to a high temperature self-damaging fire extinguishing agent release pipeline 74 inside the sodium ion battery module box 1, the high temperature self-damaging fire extinguishing agent release pipeline 74 is in a closed state and a pressurized state, the pipeline is located above the battery safety valve, the pipeline material is not resistant to high temperature and has the characteristic of high temperature self-damage, when the battery thermal runaway and the central control system fails, the pipeline will spray fire extinguishing agent due to high temperature damage.

[0035] The module box B side surface 3 includes a first slide rail 31 and an ultrasonic transmitting probe 32. The first slide rail 31 is elongated and runs through the long axis of symmetry of the module box B side surface 3. The ultrasonic transmitting probe 32 can slide horizontally along the first slide rail 31. When the ultrasonic transmitting probe 32 receives a first-level warning signal, it is activated and slides along the first slide rail 31 to the fault area to perform ultrasonic monitoring.

[0036] The module box C side surface 4 includes a second slide rail 41 and an ultrasonic receiving probe 42. The second slide rail 41 is elongated and extends along the long axis of symmetry of the module box C side surface 4. The ultrasonic receiving probe 42 can slide horizontally along the second slide rail 41 and receives ultrasonic signals emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting probe 32, moving synchronously with the ultrasonic transmitting probe 32. The first slide rail 31, the ultrasonic transmitting probe 32, the second slide rail 41, and the ultrasonic receiving probe 42 together form an ultrasonic monitoring module 43. The ultrasonic monitoring module 43 detects and determines an anomaly at the location of the primary warning signal and then issues a secondary warning signal. If no anomaly is detected, the primary warning signal is canceled.

[0037] The module housing D side 5 includes a one-way safety valve 51, which is high-temperature resistant, waterproof, dustproof, and has one-way ventilation. It can quickly release high-temperature, high-pressure gas from the sodium-ion battery module housing 1 in the event of thermal runaway of the sodium-ion battery module 7, while simultaneously preventing the interaction of gases inside and outside the sodium-ion battery module housing 1, thus avoiding the risk of short circuits in the sodium-ion battery module 7. The one-way safety valve 51 also possesses high-temperature resistance and waterproof / dustproof properties.

[0038] The top surface 6 of the module box includes: a first aerosol 61, a second aerosol 62, a first temperature-sensing cable 63, and a second temperature-sensing cable 64. The first aerosol 61 is connected to the first temperature-sensing cable 63, and the second aerosol 62 is connected to the second temperature-sensing cable 64, together forming a temperature-sensing self-activating aerosol device 65. The trigger temperature of the first temperature-sensing cable 63 is 135°C. When the temperature inside the sodium-ion battery module box 1 reaches 135°C, the first aerosol 61 releases its reagent, triggering a level-three warning signal. The trigger temperature of the second temperature-sensing cable 64 is 170°C. When the temperature inside the sodium-ion battery module box 1 reaches 170°C, the second aerosol 62 also releases its reagent, triggering a level-four warning signal. The dosage of the reagents in the first aerosol 61 and the second aerosol 62 needs to be determined specifically according to the battery capacity and scale.

[0039] The sodium-ion battery module 7 includes a temperature and pressure measuring coupling fiber 71, a temperature measuring fiber 72, and a high-temperature self-damaging fire extinguishing agent release pipeline 74. The temperature and pressure measuring coupling fiber 71 and the temperature measuring fiber 72 constitute a multi-parameter coupled measurement fiber 73. The temperature and pressure measuring coupling fiber 71 is located inside the sodium-ion battery module 7, while the temperature measuring fiber 72 is located on the upper surface and side of the sodium-ion battery module 7. The temperature and pressure measuring coupling fiber 71 can provide a first-level warning signal when it detects abnormal temperature or pressure signals. When the warning system malfunctions, the high-temperature self-damaging fire extinguishing agent release pipeline 74, located on the upper surface of the sodium-ion battery module 7, releases perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent due to high-temperature rupture when the battery experiences thermal runaway and ejects high-temperature gas.

[0040] During charging and discharging, the sodium-ion battery module 7 in the sodium-ion battery module box 1 generates gas and / or the temperature rises due to internal micro-short circuit. At this time, when the temperature and pressure measuring coupling fiber optic 71 detects abnormal temperature or pressure signals, it gives a first-level warning signal, and the ultrasonic monitoring module 43 starts to work.

[0041] The ultrasonic transmitting probe 32 and the ultrasonic receiving probe 42 simultaneously slide on the first slide rail 31 and the second slide rail 41 to the position of the first-level warning signal to monitor the abnormal situation inside the battery at the location of the first-level warning signal. If the abnormal situation is confirmed, the charging and discharging is interrupted, the second-level warning signal is activated, and the alarm signal is fed back at the same time; if no abnormal signal is confirmed, the first-level warning signal is canceled.

[0042] When the temperature and pressure measuring coupling fiber 71 inside the sodium-ion battery module 7 fails or fails to issue a first-level warning signal due to other reasons, and the temperature measuring fiber 72 on the upper or side surface of the sodium-ion battery module 7 issues an abnormal alarm, a third-level warning signal is activated. At this time, the first aerosol 61 is activated to release the agent.

[0043] The sodium-ion battery module 7 inside the sodium-ion battery module box 1 generates gas and / or the temperature rises due to an internal micro-short circuit, eventually leading to thermal runaway of the battery. After the high-temperature gas is sprayed, the first temperature sensing cable 63 and the second temperature sensing cable 64 on the top surface 6 of the module box will activate the first aerosol 61 and the second aerosol 62 to release the agent due to the temperature. At this time, a level 4 warning signal is issued, and the perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agent is activated.

[0044] Several points need to be clarified: First, in the description of this invention, terms such as "side A", "side B", "side C", "side D", "top surface", "inner", and "horizontal" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may change.

[0045] Finally, all the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0046] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system for sodium-ion battery modules, characterized in that, include: The sodium-ion battery module box and the sodium-ion battery module are provided, wherein the sodium-ion battery module box has a rectangular box structure, and the sodium-ion battery module is located inside the sodium-ion battery module box; wherein... The sodium-ion battery module box includes a multi-parameter coupled measurement optical fiber, an ultrasonic monitoring module, and a temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device. The multi-parameter coupled measurement fiber is used to provide a first-level early warning signal when abnormal temperature or pressure signals of the sodium-ion battery module are detected. The ultrasonic monitoring module is used to determine whether the first-level warning signal is accurate when it is received. If it is accurate, a second-level warning signal is given; if it is inaccurate, the first-level warning signal is canceled. The ultrasonic monitoring module includes a first slide rail, an ultrasonic transmitting probe, a second slide rail, and an ultrasonic receiving probe. The ultrasonic transmitting probe and the ultrasonic receiving probe are respectively set on the left and right sides of the sodium-ion battery module box and move synchronously along the first slide rail and the second slide rail to achieve accurate positioning of the fault area. The temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device is used to monitor whether the sodium-ion battery module has reached a preset abnormal temperature when the multi-parameter coupling measurement optical fiber fails to work properly. For different preset abnormal temperatures, it will activate a three-level warning signal and a four-level warning signal respectively. The temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device includes a first aerosol and a second aerosol, which are respectively connected to a first temperature-sensing cable and a second temperature-sensing cable. The trigger temperature of the first temperature-sensing cable is lower than that of the second temperature-sensing cable to achieve graded warning.

2. The sodium-ion battery module hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sodium-ion battery module box includes six sides: the module box A and module box D side which are placed front to back, the module box B and module box C side which are placed left to right, and the module box top and module box bottom. The module box B includes a first slide rail and an ultrasonic transmitting probe on one side, and the module box C includes a second slide rail and an ultrasonic receiving probe on the other side. The ultrasonic transmitting probe is activated when it receives a first-level warning signal and slides along the first slide rail to the fault area to perform ultrasonic monitoring. The ultrasonic receiving probe receives the ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting probe and moves synchronously with the ultrasonic transmitting probe along the second slide rail.

3. The sodium-ion battery module hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The module box A includes a main positive port, a main negative port, a signal transmission port, and a fire extinguishing pipeline interface on its side. The main positive and negative ports are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the sodium-ion battery module for charging and discharging. The signal transmission port transmits ultrasonic monitoring signals from inside the sodium-ion battery module, temperature and pressure signals from inside the module, and temperature signals from above and to the side of the module. The fire extinguishing pipeline interface connects externally to a perfluorohexanone extinguishing agent cylinder and internally to a high-temperature self-damaging extinguishing agent release pipeline.

4. A sodium-ion battery module-based hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The high-temperature self-damaging fire extinguishing agent release pipeline is pressurized and is located above the battery safety valve.

5. A sodium-ion battery module-based hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first slide rail and the second slide rail are located on the long axis of symmetry of the side of module box B and the side of module box C, respectively.

6. A sodium-ion battery module-based hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ultrasonic receiving probe and the ultrasonic transmitting probe can only slide at the same relative position on their respective slide rails.

7. A sodium-ion battery module-based hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The module box D includes a one-way safety valve, which is used to quickly discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure gas inside the sodium-ion battery module box when thermal runaway occurs in the sodium-ion battery module, while blocking the interaction between the gas inside and outside the sodium-ion battery module box.

8. A sodium-ion battery module-based hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device is located on the top surface of the module box. When the temperature of the first temperature-sensing cable is reached inside the sodium-ion battery module box, the first aerosol releases the agent, triggering a level 3 warning signal. When the temperature of the second temperature-sensing cable is reached, the second aerosol is also triggered to release the agent, triggering a level 4 warning signal.

9. A sodium-ion battery module-based hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The temperature-sensing cable of the temperature-sensing self-starting aerosol device has a trigger temperature of 135-170℃.

10. A sodium-ion battery module-based hierarchical early warning and automatic fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-parameter coupling measurement fiber includes a temperature and pressure coupling fiber and a temperature measuring fiber. The temperature and pressure coupling fiber is located inside the sodium-ion battery module, and the temperature measuring fiber is located on the upper surface and side of the sodium-ion battery module.

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