Grafting technology for efficiently cultivating high-quality propagule nursery stock of Machilus pauhoi

Abstract

The invention relates to a grafting technology for efficiently cultivating high-quality propagule nursery stocks of Machilus pauhoi. From the middle ten days of December to the middle ten days of January of the next year, selecting a 2-year-old excellent machilus pauhoi seedling which grows robustly and is free of plant diseases and insect pests and has the ground diameter of more than 1.2 cm as a stock, and taking a current-year-old branchlet which grows normally, is free of plant diseases and insect pests, has the diameter of 0.4-0.5 cm and is lignified, sap starts to flow and the phloem is easy to peel off at the middle upper part of other excellent scion-picking seed trees as a scion; cutting the rootstock and cutting the scion, inserting the scion into the rootstock notch, and binding and fixing the rootstock notch and the scion cutting surface; after grafting is carried out for 20-25 days, when axillary buds of the scions grow to 1.8-2.2 cm, binding bands for binding the scions are removed; removing the binding band for binding the rootstock 45 days after grafting; cutting off coppice shoots on the rootstock after new twigs of the scions grow to 20-25 cm. The method has the beneficial effects that the grafting survival rate of the Machilus pauhoi can be improved, the excellent hereditary characteristics of the stock and the fruiting seed tree can be fused by utilizing the grafting technology, and the high-quality propagule nursery stock of the Machilus pauhoi can be efficiently and creatively cultivated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant asexual propagation, and in particular relates to a grafting technology for efficiently cultivating high-quality propagule seedlings of Machilus sylvatica. Technical Background

[0002] High-quality propagules of forest trees are the basis for the selection and breeding of high-quality seedlings, and are also one of the keys to the efficient cultivation of artificial forests. Machilus pauhoi is a rare evergreen broad-leaved native tree species in my country's subtropical regions. It is a precious afforestation tree species in my country and a key development tree species for national strategic reserve forests. It grows fast and has a wide range of uses. It is a good tree species for garden greening, economic timber and industrial raw materials, and its market resources are severely scarce. However, due to the current lack of high-quality germplasm artificial seed gardens for this tree species, and the low fruiting rate, unstable fruiting, and serious differentiation of seed quality in natural high-quality mother tree forests, the development of high-quality germplasm seedlings and artificial forests of this tree species is seriously restricted. Grafting technology is one of the asexual reproduction methods for selecting high-quality propagule seedlings, building high-quality germplasm seed gardens for forest trees, and quickly producing high-quality germplasm seeds. This method can integrate multiple excellent traits of rootstocks and scion mother plants, and provide good germplasm propagation materials for the improvement of high-quality germplasm resources of Machilus pauhoi, the construction of high-quality germplasm seed gardens for forest trees, and the efficient cultivation of artificial forests.

[0003] Therefore, the present invention selects 2-year-old excellent nanmu seedlings that are healthy and healthy, free of pests and diseases, and with a ground diameter greater than 1.2 cm as rootstocks, and uses lignified current-year twigs that are normally grown, free of pests and diseases, and have a diameter of 0.4 to 0.5 cm in the middle and upper parts of other 15-25-year-old excellent nanmu mother trees with fruiting ability as scions, creatively develops a grafting technology for efficiently breeding high-quality reproductive body seedlings, and improves the inheritance of excellent traits and productivity of the seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention aims to provide a grafting technology for efficiently cultivating high-quality propagule seedlings of Machilus sauerkraut.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A grafting technology for efficiently cultivating high-quality propagule seedlings of Phoebe chinensis: from mid-December to mid-January of the following year, selecting two-year-old high-quality seedlings of Phoebe chinensis that are healthy, free of pests and diseases, and have a ground diameter greater than 1.2 cm as rootstocks, and using the current-year twigs of 15-25-year-old high-quality mother trees of Phoebe chinensis that have normal growth, are free of pests and diseases, have a diameter of 0.4-0.5 cm, are lignified, have sap beginning to flow, and have phloem that is easy to peel off as scions; cutting the rootstock and trimming the scion, with the long trimmed side of the scion facing the rootstock. Insert the rootstock cut into the graft to ensure that the cambium of the rootstock and scion fit closely; use a 7-8 cm wide and 0.07 mm thick grafting film bandage to bind and fix the rootstock cut and the scion cut surface, exposing the latent buds and axillary buds on the scion; 20-25 days after grafting, when the latent buds or axillary buds on the scion grow to 1.8-2.2 cm, remove the grafting film bandage that binds the scion; 45 days after grafting, remove the grafting film bandage that binds the rootstock; after the new shoots of the scion grow to 20-25 cm, cut off the sprouts on the rootstock; Furthermore, the best time for the phloem to be easily peeled off refers to the water content of the twig stem being 61.0% to 65.0%, and the water content of the leaves on the twig being 67.0% to 72.0%; Furthermore, the cut surface of the cut stock is flat and 15 to 25 cm above the ground, there are at least two side branches or axillary buds below the cut surface, the cut surface diameter is 0.8 to 1.0 cm, and the cut depth is 2 to 3 cm; Furthermore, the cut scion is 5 to 7 cm long, with 1 to 2 hidden buds or axillary buds, and the base of the scion is cut into two cut surfaces, one short and one long, the long cut surface is on the back side of the base of the hidden bud or axillary bud of the scion, with a length of 1.5 to 2 cm, and the short cut surface is on the same side of the base of the hidden bud or axillary bud of the scion, with a length of 0.5 to 0.8 cm; Furthermore, when binding and fixing, first use the grafting film bandage to wrap from the bottom of the stock cut in a clockwise direction from bottom to top, pulling and wrapping, to wrap the stock cut and the scion cut surface as a whole, and then wrap the grafting film bandage downward to the middle position where the stock and scion are combined and knotted to fix, requiring that the hidden buds and axillary buds on the scion are exposed; then use the grafting film bandage to wrap the scion upward from the stock cut surface, and after wrapping to the top of the scion, wrap it down to the stock cut surface and tie a knot to fix it.

[0006] The above-mentioned grafting technology is used to improve the survival rate of Phoebe nanmu grafting.

[0007] The present invention is a key technology for efficiently cultivating high-quality propagule grafted seedlings of Phoebe shavings. Through experiments and measurements over the past two years, it has been found that the grafting technology described in Implementation Case 2 can achieve a high survival rate and good positive benefits, can comprehensively maintain the excellent genetic characteristics of the rootstock and the strong mother tree, and efficiently and creatively cultivate high-quality propagule seedlings of Phoebe shavings, which is conducive to the creation of new germplasm of Phoebe shavings and the construction of an artificial seed garden of excellent germplasm. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The present invention is further described in detail below by way of examples. These examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0009] Embodiment 1: From mid-February to mid-March 2023, when buds begin to sprout at the top of the twigs of Phoebe philodendron, select 2-year-old excellent seedlings of Phoebe philodendron that are healthy, free of pests and diseases, with a ground diameter greater than 1.2 cm as rootstocks, and use the current-year twigs from the middle and upper parts of 15-25-year-old excellent mother trees with fruiting ability that are normal, free of pests and diseases, with a diameter of 0.4-0.5 cm, and lignified as scions.

[0010] 1) Cutting the rootstock and cutting the scion: The cut surface of the cut rootstock is smooth and 30-50 cm above the ground, there are at least 2 side branches or axillary buds below the cut surface, the diameter of the cut surface is 0.3-0.4 cm, and the incision depth is 1-1.5 cm; the cut scion is 2-3 cm long, with 1-2 hidden buds or axillary buds, and the base of the scion is cut downward 2-3 cm from the top of the scion into two cut surfaces, one short and one long. The long cut surface is on the back side of the base of the hidden bud or axillary bud of the scion, with a length of 0.5-1 cm, and the short cut surface is on the same side of the base of the hidden bud or axillary bud of the scion, with a length of 0.2-0.4 cm; insert the long cut surface of the scion into the cut of the rootstock to ensure that the cambium of the rootstock and scion fit tightly.

[0011] 2) Binding and fixing: Use a 7-8cm wide and 0.07mm thick grafting film bandage to wrap it from the bottom of the stock cut in a clockwise direction from bottom to top, pulling and wrapping at the same time. First, wrap the bandage down to the middle position where the stock and scion are combined and tie a knot to fix it. The hidden buds and axillary buds on the scion must be exposed; then wrap the bandage upwards around the scion from the cut surface of the stock, and after wrapping to the top of the scion, wrap it down to the cut surface of the stock and tie a knot to fix it, so that the cut surface of the stock and the cut surface of the scion are wrapped and fixed as a whole.

[0012] 3) Remove the tying tape and cut the sprouts: 20 to 25 days after grafting, when the latent buds or axillary buds on the scion grow to 1.8 to 2.2 cm, remove the grafting film tape that binds the scion; 45 days after grafting, remove the grafting film tape that binds the rootstock; after the new branches of the scion grow to 20 to 25 cm, cut off the sprouts on the rootstock.

[0013] The moisture content of the twigs of this embodiment is 70.2% to 76.4% and the moisture content of the leaves on the twigs is 75.3% to 79.5%. Through the grafting technology of this embodiment and experimental determination, 400 nanmu seedlings were grafted, and the average grafting survival rate was 53.5%.

[0014] Embodiment 2: From mid-December 2022 to mid-January of the following year, select 2-year-old excellent seedlings of Phoebe nanmu, which are healthy, free of pests and diseases, and have a ground diameter greater than 1.2 cm, as rootstocks, and use the current-year twigs from the middle and upper parts of 15-25-year-old excellent mother trees with fruiting ability, which are normal, free of pests and diseases, 0.4-0.5 cm in diameter, lignified, with sap beginning to flow, and phloem that is easy to peel off as scion; among which, the best time for the phloem to be easy to peel off refers to the twigs having a trunk moisture content of 61.0%-65.0%, and the leaves on the twigs having a moisture content of 67.0%-72.0%.

[0015] 1) Cutting the rootstock and cutting the scion: The cut surface of the cut rootstock is smooth and 15 to 25 cm above the ground, there are at least 2 side branches or axillary buds below the cut surface, the diameter of the cut surface is 0.8 to 1.0 cm, and the incision depth is 2 to 3 cm; the cut scion is 5 to 7 cm long, with 1 to 2 hidden buds or axillary buds, and the base of the scion is cut downward 5 to 7 cm from the top of the scion into two cut surfaces, one short and one long. The long cut surface is on the back side of the base of the hidden bud or axillary bud of the scion, with a length of 1.5 to 2 cm, and the short cut surface is on the same side of the base of the hidden bud or axillary bud of the scion, with a length of 0.5 to 0.8 cm; insert the long cut surface of the scion inward into the cut of the rootstock to ensure that the cambium of the rootstock and scion fit tightly.

[0016] 2) Binding and fixing: Use a 7-8cm wide and 0.07mm thick grafting film bandage to wrap it from the bottom of the stock cut in a clockwise direction from bottom to top, pulling and wrapping at the same time. First, wrap the bandage down to the middle position where the stock and scion are combined and tie a knot to fix it. The hidden buds and axillary buds on the scion must be exposed; then wrap the bandage upwards around the scion from the cut surface of the stock, and after wrapping to the top of the scion, wrap it down to the cut surface of the stock and tie a knot to fix it, so that the cut surface of the stock and the cut surface of the scion are wrapped and fixed as a whole.

[0017] 3) Remove the tying tape and cut the sprouts: 20 to 25 days after grafting, when the latent buds or axillary buds on the scion grow to 1.8 to 2.2 cm, remove the grafting film tape that binds the scion; 45 days after grafting, remove the grafting film tape that binds the rootstock; after the new branches of the scion grow to 20 to 25 cm, cut off the sprouts on the rootstock.

[0018] Through the implementation of the grafting technology of this embodiment and experimental determination, 400 nanmu seedlings were grafted, and the average grafting survival rate was 76.8%.

[0019] Embodiment 3: From November to early December 2023, select 2-year-old high-quality nanmu seedlings with strong growth, no diseases and insect pests, and a ground diameter greater than 1.2 cm as rootstocks, and use the current year's twigs from the middle and upper parts of 15-25-year-old high-quality nanmu mother trees with fruiting ability, which are normal, free of diseases and insect pests, 0.4-0.5 cm in diameter, lignified, and have buds beginning to sprout at the top of the twigs as scion.

[0020] 1) Cutting the rootstock and cutting the scion: The cut surface of the cut rootstock is smooth and 15 to 25 cm above the ground, there are at least 2 side branches or axillary buds below the cut surface, the diameter of the cut surface is 0.8 to 1.0 cm, and the incision depth is 2 to 3 cm; the cut scion is 5 to 7 cm long, with 1 to 2 hidden buds or axillary buds, and the base of the scion is cut downward 5 to 7 cm from the top of the scion into two cut surfaces, one short and one long. The long cut surface is on the back side of the base of the hidden bud or axillary bud of the scion, with a length of 1.5 to 2 cm, and the short cut surface is on the same side of the base of the hidden bud or axillary bud of the scion, with a length of 0.5 to 0.8 cm; insert the long cut surface of the scion inward into the cut of the rootstock to ensure that the cambium of the rootstock and scion fit tightly.

[0021] 2) Binding and fixing: Use a 7-8cm wide and 0.07mm thick grafting film bandage to wrap it from the bottom of the stock cut in a clockwise direction from bottom to top, pulling and wrapping at the same time. First, wrap the bandage down to the middle position where the stock and scion are combined and tie a knot to fix it. The hidden buds and axillary buds on the scion must be exposed; then wrap the bandage upwards around the scion from the cut surface of the stock, and after wrapping to the top of the scion, wrap it down to the cut surface of the stock and tie a knot to fix it, so that the cut surface of the stock and the cut surface of the scion are wrapped and fixed as a whole.

[0022] 3) Remove the tying tape and cut the sprouts: 20 to 25 days after grafting, when the latent buds or axillary buds on the scion grow to 1.8 to 2.2 cm, remove the grafting film tape that binds the scion; 45 days after grafting, remove the grafting film tape that binds the rootstock; after the new branches of the scion grow to 20 to 25 cm, cut off the sprouts on the rootstock.

[0023] The moisture content of the twigs of this embodiment is 54.6% to 59.2% and the moisture content of the leaves on the twigs is 58.6% to 63.3%. Through the grafting technology of this embodiment and experimental determination, 400 grafted nanmu seedlings were grafted, and the average grafting survival rate was 55.2%.

Claims

1. A grafting technology for efficiently cultivating high-quality propagule seedlings of Phoebe nanmu, characterized in that: From mid-December to mid-January of the following year, select two-year-old excellent seedlings of Phoebe shavings that are healthy, free of pests and diseases, and with a ground diameter greater than 1.2 cm as rootstocks, and use the current-year twigs of 15-25-year-old excellent mother trees with strong fruiting ability, which are normal, free of pests and diseases, 0.4-0.5 cm in diameter, lignified, with sap flowing, and phloem that is easy to peel off, as scions; cut the rootstock and cut the scion, insert the long cut surface of the scion inward into the cut of the rootstock, and ensure that the rootstock is The cambium of the stock and the scion are tightly fitted; the grafting film bandage with a width of 7 to 8 cm and a thickness of 0.07 mm is used to bind and fix the cut surface of the stock and the cut surface of the scion, exposing the latent buds and axillary buds on the scion; 20 to 25 days after grafting, when the latent buds or axillary buds on the scion grow to 1.8 to 2.2 cm, the grafting film bandage for binding the scion is removed; 45 days after grafting, the grafting film bandage for binding the stock is removed; after the new shoots of the scion grow to 20 to 25 cm, the sprouts on the stock are cut off.

2. The grafting technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: The best time for the phloem to be easily peeled off refers to the time when the moisture content of the twig trunk is 61.0%~65.0% and the moisture content of the leaves on the twig is 67.0%~72.0%.

3. The grafting technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cut surface of the rootstock should be flat and 15~25cm from the ground, there should be more than 2 side branches or axillary buds below the cut surface, the cut surface diameter should be 0.8~1.0cm, and the incision depth should be 2~3cm.

4. The grafting technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trimmed scion is 5~7cm long, with 1~2 hidden buds or axillary buds. The base of the scion is trimmed into two surfaces, one short and one long. The long cut surface is on the dorsal side of the base of the hidden bud or axillary bud of the scion, with a length of 1.5~2cm, and the short cut surface is on the same side of the base of the hidden bud or axillary bud of the scion, with a length of 0.5~0.8cm.

5. The grafting technique according to claim 1, characterized in that: When binding and fixing, first use the grafting film bandage to wrap it from the bottom of the stock cut in a clockwise direction from bottom to top, pulling and wrapping, to wrap the stock cut and the scion cut surface as a whole, and then wrap the grafting film bandage down to the middle position where the stock and scion are combined and knotted to fix it. The hidden buds and axillary buds on the scion are required to be exposed; then wrap the grafting film bandage from the cut surface of the stock upwards to the scion, and after wrapping to the top of the scion, wrap it down to the cut surface of the stock and tie a knot to fix it.

6. Application of the grafting technology as claimed in claim 1 in improving the survival rate of Phoebe nanmu grafting.