A ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat high-altitude wind power generation system

Abstract

The application discloses a duct layout rigid-flexible mixed structure tethered aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system, which comprises an aerial aerostat wind power generation system, an air-ground electric energy transmission and tethering cable and a ground anchoring system, the aerial aerostat wind power generation system is connected with the ground anchoring system through the air-ground electric energy transmission and tethering cable, the aerial aerostat wind power generation system comprises a duct configuration thin-walled truss bearing structure, annular air bags, tail wings, skin members and a wind turbine unit, the duct configuration thin-walled truss bearing structure has a plurality of constraint spaces distributed along the longitudinal direction; the plurality of annular air bags are arranged in the plurality of constraint spaces respectively; the plurality of tail wings are arranged at the rear part of the duct configuration thin-walled truss bearing structure; the skin members are sleeved on the duct configuration thin-walled truss bearing structure and the plurality of tail wings; and the wind turbine unit is installed in the duct configuration thin-walled truss bearing structure through a supporting structure. The application has the advantages of stable structure, long-time air-staying stable power generation, low cost and autonomous controllability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerial wind power generation technology, and more specifically to a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system. Background Technology

[0002] Wind energy is a renewable and clean natural resource. The wind energy contained in the upper atmosphere exceeds 100 times the total energy demand of humankind. Wind direction is stable within an altitude range of 1km to 15km, and wind energy density increases with altitude (0.25–0.37 W / m³ for every 1m increase in altitude). 2 The better the stability, especially in the upper-level jet stream zone of 8km to 12km where the annual wind speed reaches 30m / s to 50m / s (for every doubling of wind speed, the wind energy density increases sevenfold), the better the duration, stability, and quality of wind power generation. Upper-level wind energy is a clean energy source with excellent development prospects.

[0003] Currently, the development and utilization of high-altitude wind energy mainly involves three technological approaches: tethered kite-type technology systems (including paragliders and parachute-ladder combinations), tethered aircraft-type technology systems (including airborne power generation and ground-based power generation), and tethered aerostat-type technology systems (including power generation payload pods and integrated power generation payload and capsule types). Among these, the tethered kite-type and tethered aircraft-type technology systems, from product development to testing and verification, primarily operate at altitudes below 1 km (wind energy density 500 W / m³). 2 The following (below 3km altitude, which is actually considered low altitude) technical routes have inherent drawbacks, including difficulties in safe and reliable launch and recovery, complex control (prone to falling if out of control), short continuous loiter time, and weak load-carrying capacity (very limited flight altitude, single-unit power generation is only in the hundreds of kW range). They can only utilize unstable low-altitude wind energy resources, and the annual available power generation time is low (around 2200 hours). In contrast, high-altitude air density is moderate, buoyancy efficiency is high (net buoyancy of 0.34kg to 0.77kg per cubic meter of volume), making it particularly suitable for tethered aerostat technology systems. These technologies can safely and stably take off and be recovered and maintained using static buoyancy (easily achieved by simply dragging the tethering cable with a ground winch), have long-term stable loiter time, and are easy to control (basically no active flight control is required). They also have huge potential for load-carrying capacity. These advantages allow for the full development and utilization of abundant high-altitude wind energy resources (especially in the jet stream area at 10,000 meters altitude, where uninterrupted and stable power generation can last for the whole year).

[0004] However, the current ducted layout moored airship type high-altitude wind power generation system mainly uses a bulging high-pressure buoyancy airbag (filled with helium) duct to generate static buoyancy to lift and stay in the air. The wind turbine generator inside the duct captures wind energy and transmits electrical energy to the ground through mooring cables. The maximum designed operating height is about 600m. For example, patent application number 201720634952.8, entitled "High-altitude wind power generation system based on annular airbags," describes the aerodynamic shape of the annular cross-section of a duct-mounted tethered airbag (filled with helium). However, the tailless configuration results in insufficient overall aerodynamic stability of the system, making it impossible to achieve stable and autonomous wind energy capture in the duct where the wind turbine is located. Another example is patent application number 201710139874.9, entitled "A floating airbag invention for a high-altitude wind turbine," which describes six independent annular airbags (filled with helium) with different curvatures connected in parallel to form a wind power generation duct. Annular carbon fiber rings are arranged at the connection points between the airbags. However, because the carbon fiber rings are dispersed and independent, they do not form a stable load-bearing structure and cannot provide load-bearing and shape maintenance. The function is to prevent the formation of multiple bulges by the combination of various annular airbags, which leads to increased airflow turbulence and severe flow separation. Although it is equipped with three tail fins and a cross tail rudder, the stability of the duct in the wind is still highly uncertain. For example, the core description of the invention patent for a new type of high-altitude wind power generation equipment in application number 202310756912.0 is a barrel-shaped floating airbag (filled with helium) with a three-tail fin layout. The duct is equipped with a support rod to support the generator set and a rigid guide plate. Two small rotatable duct propellers are arranged diagonally above the outside of the duct. This completely ignores the fact that the flexible pressurized airbag does not have the rigidity to support heavy components (especially the vibration coupling with moving components, resulting in resonance), which makes it easy for the whole to become unstable and collapse, and for the airbag to rupture and be damaged.

[0005] In addition to the aforementioned deficiencies in system aerodynamic stability and load-bearing capacity, existing ducted moored aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation systems still face the following four common problems that need to be addressed in practical engineering applications:

[0006] 1) Insufficient development and utilization of high-altitude wind energy potential in tethered flexible aerostat technology

[0007] Existing tethered flexible aerostats maintain their shape through the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the airbag, supplemented by the inflation and deflation of internal auxiliary airbags to regulate pressure (none of the aforementioned patents consider this feature). Since the density of the atmosphere at high altitudes is approximately 33% to 74% of that at ground level (from 10,000 meters to 3 km), and the weight of the wind turbine generator and the tethering cable is several tons, the buoyancy volume required to balance the weight of the tethered aerostat when developing and utilizing high-altitude wind energy reaches the tens of thousands of cubic meters. This places extremely high demands on the lightweight (low areal density), tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break of the flexible airbag material. Furthermore, the manufacturing process is difficult, the airtightness testing after airbag formation is challenging, and the requirements for assembly, integration, and maintenance are stringent. As a result, existing tethered flexible aerostat technology is mainly used at low altitudes (below 1 km) in actual wind power generation applications, and the power generation of a single unit is only in the hundreds of kW range (low wind speed, large fluctuations), in order to control the size of the tethered aerostat and reduce the requirements for the airbag material.

[0008] 2) Adaptability to complex high-altitude environments has not yet been considered.

[0009] Complex environmental factors at high altitudes include alternating day and night temperatures (caused by direct sunlight and cloud scattering during the day, and ground infrared radiation at night; requiring the system's airbags to expand under heat during the day to ensure overpressure safety, and to contract under cold at night to maintain buoyancy and prevent altitude loss), prolonged strong winds and short-term gusts or shear winds (requiring structural safety and high wind resistance), rain / snow / icing / lightning (requiring the system to prevent water accumulation, snow accumulation, icing, and lightning), short-term cold clouds / cold currents (requiring the system to maintain buoyancy and prevent altitude loss), safe ecological environment for seasonal bird migration (requiring the system to have the ability to detect birds and automatically drive them away), and safe transportation environment for civil aviation routes (requiring the system to have the ability to automatically respond to air traffic control services). These are issues that the tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system must consider and solve as a friendly new energy power station infrastructure (20-year design life), and are the basic requirements for the engineering and practical application of this technology system.

[0010] 3) The problem of stable power generation during long-term loitering has not yet been solved.

[0011] Abundant high-altitude wind energy resources have provided the objective environmental conditions for stable wind power generation. However, the long-term aloft stay of tethered aerostats (vehicle platforms, with relatively mature wind turbine technology) has become a key technological bottleneck, involving three aspects: First, existing technologies all use high-pressure airbags (filled with helium) to provide the necessary static buoyancy and maintain aerodynamic stiffness. In practical applications, due to the alternating day and night temperatures at high altitudes, the helium inside the airbag needs to be kept at low pressure at night to maintain its shape (maintaining buoyancy but with lower stiffness), while it is heated during the day to generate high pressure (thousands of Pascals), which poses a challenge for lightweight airbags. The material requirements are high, the process is difficult, and the cost is high. Secondly, it is limited by the leakage loss of helium inside the airbag (the leakage mass rate is proportional to the square root of the product of the atmospheric pressure at the altitude and the pressure difference inside and outside the airbag). Due to the high atmospheric pressure at high altitude (tens of thousands of Pascals) coupled with the high pressure of the airbag, helium leakage is relatively fast (online replenishment of large amounts of helium is not feasible), resulting in a loitering time of only a few months (a significant gap from the 20-year loitering lifespan). Finally, the long-term loitering requires weak control of the adaptive environment (passive control, no complex operation required), and is unattended.

[0012] 4) There is still a gap between low cost and independent control.

[0013] Lightweight, high-strength airbag materials and helium are the main cost sources for tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation systems, accounting for up to 70%. Currently, to adapt to the complex high-altitude environment, existing technologies require high-pressure airbags with high performance requirements, including lightweight (low surface density), high strength, airtightness, resistance to tearing, and resistance to aging. This presents significant technical challenges and high costs (generally reaching 700 yuan / linear meter). Furthermore, the high-strength fiber filaments required for airbag production are mostly imported. Although domestic alternatives exist, their process quality is unstable and costs are even higher. my country's helium (accounting for approximately 2% of global resources) is mainly dependent on imports and is expensive, resulting in a supply shortage and persistently high prices.

[0014] Therefore, providing a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0015] In view of this, the present invention provides a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system to solve the problems of insufficient system aerodynamic stability and load-bearing capacity in the existing technology, as well as the problems of low potential for high-altitude wind energy development and utilization, poor adaptability to complex high-altitude environments, weak stability of long-term stationary power generation, high cost and difficulty in independent control in practical engineering applications.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0017] A ducted, rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system includes an air-to-ground power transmission and tethering cable, and a ground anchoring system. The air-to-ground wind power generation system is connected to the ground anchoring system via the air-to-ground power transmission and tethering cable. The air-to-ground wind power generation system includes a ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure, multiple annular airbags, multiple tail fins, skin components, and a wind turbine generator. The ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure has multiple longitudinally distributed constraint spaces. The multiple annular airbags are respectively arranged within the multiple constraint spaces. The multiple tail fins are arranged at the rear of the ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure. The skin components are fitted onto the ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure and the multiple tail fins to form a physical gap channel between the skin components and the annular airbags. The wind turbine generator is installed inside the ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure via a support structure.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] This invention combines a duct-type thin-walled truss load-bearing structure with multiple annular airbags and skin components to form a rigid-flexible hybrid stable load-bearing structure system. It can reliably resist long-term strong winds / short-term gusts / shear winds at high altitudes, support large wind turbine units, and the system volume can be expanded as needed to achieve high-power wind power generation per unit, realize stable power generation with long-term loitering, low cost and independent control.

[0020] Furthermore, the duct configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure includes multiple airfoil planar load-bearing truss structural units and multiple circumferential truss structures. The multiple airfoil planar load-bearing truss structural units, evenly distributed circumferentially, are connected together by multiple longitudinally distributed circumferential truss structures to form the duct space. Each airfoil planar load-bearing truss structural unit includes a longitudinal airfoil truss structure and multiple vertical constraint trusses. The multiple vertical constraint trusses are arranged inside the longitudinal airfoil truss structure and spaced longitudinally. The multiple circumferential trusses are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the multiple vertical constraint trusses to form multiple longitudinally distributed constraint spaces. Multiple tail fins are respectively arranged at the rear of the multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures. The skin component is fitted onto the multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures and the multiple circumferential truss structures. The wind turbine generator is connected to the multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures through the support structure to be arranged inside the duct space.

[0021] Furthermore, the skin component includes multiple outer skins, multiple annular sealing zippers, and multiple tail fin skins. The number of outer skins is one more than the number of cross-sections of the wind turbine generator set. The multiple outer skins are sequentially fitted onto the multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures and the multiple circumferential truss structures along the longitudinal direction, and the joints of two adjacent outer skins correspond to the circumferential cross-sections of the vertical constraint truss. Adjacent outer skins are connected by the annular sealing zippers. The multiple tail fin skins respectively cover the multiple tail fins.

[0022] Furthermore, the support structure includes a long-axis mounting truss and multiple supporting hoisting truss structures, the long-axis mounting truss being distributed along the axial direction of the duct space; the long-axis mounting truss being connected to multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures through multiple supporting hoisting truss structures distributed circumferentially thereon; the blades of the wind turbine generator set are mounted on the long-axis mounting truss; and multiple cameras and vibration measuring devices are mounted on the supporting hoisting truss structures.

[0023] Furthermore, the longitudinal airfoil truss structure, the vertical constraint truss, the circumferential truss structure, and the tail fin are all assembled from lightweight, high-strength composite material components; the outer skin is a lightweight, micro-permeable, flexible thin-film material.

[0024] Furthermore, the lightweight, high-strength composite material components are coated with a low absorption-to-emission ratio coating or a total reflection coating or covered with an aluminum film on the contact surfaces of the outer skin and the annular airbag.

[0025] Furthermore, the aforementioned ducted rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes multiple dual-redundant active valves, multiple heat pumps, and multiple blowers. A heating film is laid on the circumferential leading edge of the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure and the leading edge of the tail fin. The outer skin located at the top of the circumferential leading edge of the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure has multiple openings. The multiple dual-redundant active valves are respectively installed on the leading edges of multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures and correspond to the positions of the multiple openings. The multiple heat pumps are respectively installed at the bottom of the circumferential section of multiple vertical constraint trusses and located inside the outer skin. The multiple blowers are respectively installed on two symmetrically distributed longitudinal airfoil truss structures in the lower middle part of the circumferential section where the multiple heat pumps are located and penetrate the outer skin.

[0026] Furthermore, the aforementioned ducted rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a lightning rod, a lightning cable, and a lightning protection rod. The lightning rod is mounted on the top of the tail fin, located above the thin-walled truss load-bearing structure of the duct configuration. The lightning cable is installed on the upper half-ring of the outer skin and connected to the lightning rod. The lightning protection rod is fixed on the longitudinal airfoil truss structure and is spaced apart from the lightning cable.

[0027] Furthermore, the aforementioned ducted rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship-type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a first equipment compartment and a second equipment compartment. A triangular bracket is fixed to the front end of the longitudinal airfoil truss structure located at the bottom position, and the first equipment compartment is installed on the triangular bracket. The second equipment compartment is installed on the longitudinal airfoil truss structure located at the top position and is located inside the outer skin.

[0028] The application of a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system as described above, by carrying communication base station, navigation, earth observation, meteorological monitoring, early warning detection, and jamming countermeasure mission payloads, is applied in the fields of communication relay, navigation enhancement, high-resolution earth observation, extreme weather monitoring, early warning detection, and electronic countermeasures.

[0029] Therefore, the present invention provides a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0030] 1) The outer skin, duct configuration thin-walled load-bearing truss structure and multiple internal annular airbags constructed in this scheme form a rigid-flexible hybrid stable load-bearing structure system. The volume and scale can be increased as needed, the technical route has high scalability, and the power generation of a single unit can reach several megawatts to ten megawatts. It can efficiently develop and utilize high-altitude wind energy (especially the jet stream area at an altitude of 10,000 meters).

[0031] 2) It can safely withstand long-term strong winds and short-term gusts or shear winds without losing stability. The internal airbags and the external skin are connected by a duct thin-walled truss structure to establish a stable physical gap channel (filled with air), which allows the internal airbags to always operate in a zero-pressure state (ensuring that the buoyant gas is basically leak-free). It can also freely breathe and deform (expand and contract) with the changing day and night temperature of the external environment. The purging phenomenon formed by the duct outer surface of the ram air (receiving strong winds after the dual-redundant active valve is opened) and the micro-permeable outer skin material can effectively repel water, prevent snow accumulation, and prevent icing. With the heating film, dual-redundant active valve, blower, heat pump and other heating of the internal gas circulation, it can efficiently melt ice, melt snow, dry and maintain buoyancy. In addition, the first equipment compartment can effectively support air traffic control and provide warnings without interfering with the safety of civil aviation routes, timely detect and drive away approaching flocks of birds, and protect the aerial ecological environment. It has good adaptability to complex high-altitude environments.

[0032] 3) The ram air and micro-permeable outer skin material create an air pressure difference, naturally maintaining a certain internal and external pressure on the outer skin, ensuring the smoothness (low drag) of the outer skin duct configuration, and forming a continuous purging phenomenon on its surface, which can improve the lift-to-drag ratio of the duct configuration (flow control technology). The tail fin and the aerodynamic shape of the duct configuration constitute a low-drag, high lift-to-drag ratio, pitch and roll attitude self-stabilization, and autonomous heading wind-facing aerodynamic layout, enabling unattended operation during long-term loiter, simple operation, and stable stationary power generation.

[0033] 4) The annular airbag can operate in a zero-pressure state, and the outer skin is only used for rectification and to provide buoyancy volume (the pressure requirement is very low). The performance requirements of the flexible film multilayer composite material (such as tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, air tightness, etc.) are greatly reduced, making it easy to achieve low-cost production and alternative selection. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 The attached figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system provided by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 The attached figure is a structural schematic diagram of the air-floating wind power generation system provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 The attached figure is a front view of the air-floating wind power generation system provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 The attached image is... Figure 3 Sectional view of AA;

[0039] Figure 5 The attached figure is a side view of the air-floating wind power generation system provided by the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 The attached figure is a schematic diagram of the airfoil planar load-bearing truss structure unit and the annular airbag provided by the present invention.

[0041] Figure 7 The attached figure is a structural schematic diagram of the airfoil planar load-bearing truss structural unit provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 8 The attached figure is a schematic diagram of the support structure provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] like Figure 1-8As shown in the figure, this invention discloses a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system, including an air-to-ground aerostat wind power generation system 1, an air-to-ground power transmission and tethering cable 2, and a ground mooring system 3. The air-to-ground aerostat wind power generation system 1 is connected to the ground mooring system 3 via the air-to-ground power transmission and tethering cable 2. The air-to-ground aerostat wind power generation system 1 stably captures wind energy and converts it into electrical energy, which is then anchored and fixed to the ground via the air-to-ground power transmission and tethering cable 2. The collected electrical energy is directly... The system provides power, storage, or grid connection. The air-floating wind power generation system 1 includes a ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11, multiple annular airbags 12, multiple tail fins 13, skin components 14, and a wind turbine generator 15. The ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 has multiple longitudinally distributed constraint spaces. Multiple annular airbags 12 are respectively arranged within these constraint spaces. The annular airbags 12 are filled with lightweight buoyancy gas; for example, helium can be used during the experimental verification phase, and a hydrogen mixture can be used for safety during the engineering application phase. The gas structure achieves low cost and autonomous control; multiple tail fins 13 are arranged at the rear of the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11, providing aerodynamic restoring torque, and together with the aerodynamic shape of the ducted configuration, they form an aerodynamic layout with low drag, high lift-to-drag ratio, self-stabilized pitch and roll attitude, and autonomous heading into the wind; the skin component 14 is fitted onto the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 and multiple tail fins 13 to form a physical gap channel between the skin component 14 and the annular airbag 12, so that the annular airbag 12 operates in a zero-pressure state. The annular airbags 12 can freely expand and contract according to the changing day and night temperatures of the external environment, providing static buoyancy. Functionally redundant and highly safe, the zero-pressure operating mode minimizes leakage of the buoyant gas, maintaining long-term buoyancy and reducing performance requirements for the airbag material's airtightness, strength, and processing technology. This facilitates low-cost production and is not limited by the choice of airbag material or configuration. The wind turbine generator 15 is installed inside the duct-type thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 via a support structure 16. This invention combines the duct-type thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11, multiple annular airbags 12, and skin components 14 to form a rigid-flexible hybrid stable load-bearing structure system. This system can reliably resist long-term strong winds / short-term gusts / shear winds at high altitudes, support large wind turbine generators, and its volume can be expanded as needed to achieve high-power wind power generation from a single unit, enabling stable power generation during long-term voyages, low cost, and independent control.

[0045] Specifically, when there are multiple air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cables 2, multiple air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cables 2 are fitted with load-bearing slip rings on the side near the air-to-ground wind power generation system 1 of the air-to-ground aerostat.

[0046] Specifically, the duct-configured thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 includes multiple airfoil planar load-bearing truss structural units 111 and multiple circumferential truss structures 112. The multiple airfoil planar load-bearing truss structural units 111, evenly distributed circumferentially, are connected together by multiple longitudinally distributed circumferential truss structures 112 to form the duct space. In this embodiment, the number of airfoil planar load-bearing truss structural units 111 is 16. Each airfoil planar load-bearing truss structural unit 111 includes a longitudinal airfoil truss structure 1111 and multiple vertical constraint trusses 1112. In this embodiment, the number of vertical constraint trusses 1112 is 3. The multiple vertical constraint trusses 1112 are arranged inside the longitudinal airfoil truss structure 1111 and spaced apart longitudinally. The multiple circumferential truss structures 112... The components are connected to the upper and lower ends of multiple vertical constraint trusses 1112 to form multiple longitudinally distributed constraint spaces. In this embodiment, four constraint spaces are formed. Multiple tail fins 13 are respectively arranged at the rear of multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111. In this embodiment, multiple tail fins 13 are arranged at the rear of the longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111 where the flow velocity is high and the boundary layer is thin. The multiple tail fins 13 are in the shape of an X, a cross, a star, a Y, or an inverted Y. In this embodiment, an X shape is selected, and each tail fin 13 may be equipped with a rudder surface. The skin component 14 is fitted onto the multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111 and multiple circumferential truss structures 112. The wind turbine generator set 15 is connected to the multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111 through the support structure 16 to be arranged inside the duct space.

[0047] Specifically, the skin component 14 includes multiple outer skins 141, multiple annular sealing zippers 142, and multiple tail fin skins. The number of outer skins 141 is one more than the number of cross sections of the wind turbine generator set 15. For example, if N sets of wind turbine generator sets 15 are hoisted, the number of cross sections is N, and the number of outer skins 141 corresponds to N+1. In this embodiment, there are 3 outer skins 141. The multiple outer skins 141 are sequentially fitted onto multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111 and multiple annular truss structures 112 along the longitudinal direction, and the joint between two adjacent outer skins 141 is perpendicular to the vertical direction. The circumferential cross-sections of the constraint truss 1112 correspond to each other; adjacent outer skins 141 are connected by annular sealing zippers 142, which facilitates non-destructive disassembly and maintenance during subsequent assembly and recycling. In addition, several strip-shaped curtain interfaces are provided at the contact points between the outer skin 141 and the longitudinal airfoil truss structure 1111 and the outer skin 141 and the circumferential truss structure 112 to form a complete smooth duct configuration aerodynamic shape; multiple tail wing skins are respectively covered on multiple tail wings 13. In this embodiment, the outer skin 141 is a lightweight, micro-permeable flexible film material.

[0048] Specifically, the support structure 16 includes a long axis mounting truss 161 and multiple support and hoisting truss structures 162. The long axis mounting truss 161 is distributed along the axial direction of the duct space. The long axis mounting truss 161 is connected to multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111 through multiple support and hoisting truss structures 162 distributed along its circumference. The blades of the wind turbine generator set 15 are mounted on the long axis mounting truss 161. In this embodiment, the wind turbine generator set 15 can be installed in a single or double counter-rotating manner, positioned at the smallest inner diameter of the duct space. The blades can be two-bladed, three-bladed, or multi-bladed. This embodiment uses a double-set three-bladed counter-rotating method to counteract the reverse torque generated by the blades. It is integrated into a single unit through a long shaft mounting truss 161. Multiple supporting and hoisting truss structures 162 extend outwards in an X-shape, cross shape, or multi-spoke shape. This embodiment uses an X-shape. The supporting and hoisting truss structures 162 can be in the form of trusses, steel cables, or high-strength cables, so that the wind turbine generator set 15 can be hoisted in the duct with high rigidity and stably capture wind energy. In particular, the structural rigidity under strong winds will not cause swaying or vibration.

[0049] To further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, the supporting hoisting truss structure 162 can be connected to the longitudinal airfoil truss structure 1111 located at its front and rear with multiple constraint cables. Of course, trusses, steel cables or high-strength cables can be used to improve the structural stability of the wind turbine generator 15 under wind load.

[0050] Specifically, the longitudinal airfoil truss structure 1111, the vertical constraint truss 1112, the circumferential truss structure 112, and the tail fin 13 are all spliced ​​together using lightweight high-strength composite material components. The longitudinal airfoil truss structure 1111, the vertical constraint truss 1112, the circumferential truss structure 112, and the tail fin 13 are connected and woven into a large-span, three-dimensional duct configuration thin-walled stable load-bearing structure system. The lightweight high-strength composite material components are carbon fiber tubes, aluminum alloy tubes, high-pressure flexible air columns, or a combination thereof. In this embodiment, carbon fiber tubes are selected to reduce cost and weight.

[0051] To further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, the lightweight high-strength composite material components are coated with a low absorption-to-emission ratio coating or a total reflection coating or covered with an aluminum film on the contact surfaces of the outer skin 141 and the annular airbag 12, which can prevent the components from heating up and damaging the strength of the flexible composite material in contact with them.

[0052] To further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, a ducted rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship-type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes multiple dual-redundant active valves 4, multiple heat pumps, and multiple blowers 5. The ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 has a heating film strip laid on the leading edge of the circumference and the leading edge of the tail fin 13 to achieve de-icing function. The outer skin 14 located at the top of the leading edge of the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11 has multiple openings. Multiple dual-redundant active valves 4 are respectively installed on the leading edges of multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111 and correspond to the positions of multiple openings. In this embodiment, the number of dual-redundant active valves 4 is 3, and correspondingly, the number of openings is 3. Multiple heat pumps are respectively installed at the bottom of the circumferential section of multiple vertical constraint trusses 1112 and located inside the outer skin 141. Multiple blowers 5 are respectively installed on two longitudinal airfoil truss structures 1111 that are symmetrically distributed in the lower part of the circumferential section where multiple heat pumps are located and penetrate the outer skin 141. During operation, the blower 5 has two working modes (based on the stroke position of the solenoid valve of the controller): one is to open the outer skin valve and close the inner valve, forming an air inlet and outlet channel between the outer skin 141 and the duct; the other is to close the outer skin valve and open the inner valve, forming an airflow channel between the duct and the inner part of the outer skin 141. When the dual-redundant active valve 4 is open, the ram air generated by the strong wind in the air can enter the truss space inside the duct, forming an air stagnation pressure difference, naturally maintaining a certain internal and external pressure of the outer skin 141, ensuring the smoothness (low resistance) of the outer skin duct configuration, and at the same time providing a zero-pressure working environment for the internal annular airbag 12. Combined with the micro-permeability of the outer skin 141, a continuous purging phenomenon is formed on its surface, which can improve the lift-to-drag ratio of the duct configuration (flow control technology) and prevent snow accumulation and water dripping on the outer skin 141. In addition, if the ambient wind speed is low and the ram air capacity is insufficient, the dual-redundancy active valve 5 can be closed and the air inlet and outlet channels of the blower 5 outer skin and duct can be opened. The high-flow blower 5 can actively draw in external ambient air to achieve the above functions (redundancy design, safe and reliable). When there are short-term cold clouds / cold air currents in the air or large areas of snow or ice on the outer skin (leading to insufficient buoyancy or increased weight of the system, and risk of decreased hang time) or when the humidity of the gas inside the duct is too high, the heat pump can be turned on and the internal air circulation channel of the blower 5 can be opened to accelerate the internal air heat exchange efficiency, improve the overall temperature level of the gas in the duct, and improve the system buoyancy, the ability of the outer skin to melt ice and snow, and the ability to dry the internal gas.

[0053] To further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a lightning rod, a lightning cable, and a lightning protection rod. The lightning rod is mounted on the top of the tail fin 13 above the ducted configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure 11. The lightning cable is laid on the upper half ring of the outer skin 141 and connected to the lightning rod. In this embodiment, there are two lightning rods and two lightning cables, which are distributed longitudinally. The lightning protection rod is fixed on the longitudinal airfoil truss structure 1111 and is distributed at intervals with the lightning cables, thereby forming a Faraday cage lightning protection barrier. In the event of a lightning strike, the lightning can be attracted and transmitted to the ground for discharge along with the air-to-ground power transmission and the tethered cable 2, protecting the aerostat and the equipment on it.

[0054] To further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship-type high-altitude wind power generation system also includes a first equipment compartment and a second equipment compartment. A triangular support 6 is fixed to the front end of a longitudinal airfoil truss structure 1111 located at the bottom. The first equipment compartment is mounted on the triangular support 6. The first equipment compartment provides the necessary environment for reliable operation of the internal equipment, including air pressure, temperature, and installation conditions. The internal equipment includes at least wind sensors, transponders, anti-collision lights, and bird detection and deterrence devices. This enables online measurement of the environmental wind field and supports online prediction of power generation during normal operation of the aerial wind power generation system, as well as participation in air traffic control services and providing... The system serves to warn and prevent interference with civil aviation transport safety, promptly detect and drive away approaching flocks of birds, and protect the aerial ecological environment. The second equipment compartment is installed on the longitudinal airfoil truss structure 1111 located at the top and inside the outer skin 141. The second equipment compartment provides the air pressure, temperature, and installation environment required for the reliable operation of the internal equipment. The internal equipment includes at least a combined inertial navigation system, a Beidou positioning and communication terminal, a Tiantong and broadband satellite communication terminal, a barometric altimeter, a differential pressure gauge, and a thermometer. This allows for real-time online monitoring of the position, attitude, air pressure, altitude, differential pressure, and temperature of the aerial wind power generation system. The data is then transmitted to the ground operation and management center via satellite communication telemetry for status monitoring and health management.

[0055] To further optimize the technical solution of the present invention, multiple cameras and vibration measurement devices are installed on the supporting hoisting truss structure 162 to monitor the operating status and vibration of the wind turbine generator 15 in real time, and transmit the data to the ground operation and management center for status monitoring and health management via satellite communication telemetry.

[0056] This invention also discloses an application of the ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship type high-altitude wind power generation system as described above. By carrying communication base stations, navigation, earth observation, meteorological monitoring, early warning detection, and jamming countermeasures payloads, it can be applied to communication relay (also considering emergency communication scenarios), navigation enhancement, high-resolution earth observation, extreme weather monitoring (such as typhoons), early warning detection, and electronic countermeasures. Of course, its application to other similar fields is also within the protection scope of this invention.

[0057] Specifically, the air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cable 2 can be woven from high-strength lightweight materials such as high-molecular polyethylene and Kevlar, and can integrate heat-conducting materials (such as air pipes) inside to accelerate the heat dissipation of high-power power transmission cables.

[0058] Specifically, the ground-based mooring system 3 is fixed to the foundation, and the aerial aerostat wind power generation system 1 is safely deployed and retrieved via winches and rope retrieving mechanisms. A small-capacity energy storage station can be configured nearby to supply power during deployment and retrieval. Simultaneously, a substation can also be configured to connect the power transmitted via the mooring cables to the grid for grid connection, power supply, or storage. The telemetry and control ground stations are centrally located in the wind farm operation and management center, exchanging information with the aerial aerostat wind power generation system via satellite wireless links. All ground equipment can be housed in small, fixed buildings to adapt to varying weather conditions and prevent unauthorized entry by marine organisms, thus avoiding safety accidents.

[0059] The working process of this invention is as follows:

[0060] Final assembly and integration phase: Construct a large, reusable, and detachable factory building with an openable top, classify and place all components of the ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship high-altitude wind power generation system, complete the joint commissioning and testing of the electrical system, assemble the system in the factory according to the final assembly and integration process plan, and check the quality of the assembly.

[0061] Safe Launch Phase: Determine the launch window based on weather forecasts. Inflate each internal annular gas 12 with the required lightweight buoyancy gas (helium can be used during testing and verification, and a hydrogen-hydrogen mixture can be used during engineering applications) through the process port. Seal the process port, open all dual-redundant active valves 4, and close all blowers 5, outer skin 141, and air inlet / outlet channels inside and outside the duct. After confirming the launch start command, open the top of the plant and slowly release the air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cables 2 via a winch. The system will then safely and stably ascend under static buoyancy.

[0062] Long-duration loitering and stable power generation phase: After reaching the design altitude, the ground anchoring system 3 is locked. During normal operation, the system autonomously generates power against the wind by utilizing its own aerodynamic stability. Assisted by ground wind field prediction information and online wind measurement information, the control surfaces are automatically deflected to generate power against the wind via remote control commands. Rammed air maintains a certain pressure on the outer skin 141 (maintaining a smooth aerodynamic shape) and allows the internal annular airbag 12 to breathe autonomously according to the alternating day and night temperatures of the environment (zero pressure level, no leakage, maintaining buoyancy for a long time). The ducted thin-walled truss structure system autonomously maintains system stability. During this process, the Faraday cage autonomously protects against lightning, and the first equipment compartment autonomously responds to air traffic control, warnings, and drives away approaching flocks of birds. In the event of extreme weather (such as icing, snow accumulation, cold clouds, or cold waves), the dual-redundant active valve 4, blower 5, and heat pump circulation heating are used to raise the overall temperature level of the gases in the duct, melting ice, snow, drying, and maintaining buoyancy. The heating film is used to locally remove ice from easily icing areas. After the weather returns to normal, the system returns to normal operation. In the event of emergencies such as super tornadoes exceeding the design wind load, the ground anchoring system 3 can be used to retract the air-to-ground power transmission and mooring cable 2 to lower the altitude for avoidance. Afterward, the system returns to normal operation. This system can be operated unattended and is easy to control.

[0063] Descent, recovery, inspection, and maintenance phase: After the system reaches the prescribed maintenance time (generally once every 5 years, lasting one week), rebuild the large, reusable, and detachable factory building with an openable top. Select a window with good near-ground meteorological conditions (low wind speed), and descend and recover into the factory building through the ground anchoring system 3 and the tethered cable 2. After inspection according to the system maintenance plan, it will take off again.

[0064] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0065] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat-type high-altitude wind power generation system, comprising an air-to-ground power transmission and tethering cable and a ground mooring system, wherein the air-to-ground aerostat wind power generation system is connected to the ground mooring system via the air-to-ground power transmission and tethering cable, characterized in that, The air-floating wind power generation system includes a ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure, multiple annular airbags, multiple tail fins, skin components, and a wind turbine generator. The ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure has multiple longitudinally distributed constraint spaces; the multiple annular airbags are respectively arranged in the multiple constraint spaces. Multiple tail fins are arranged at the rear of the duct-shaped thin-walled truss load-bearing structure; the skin component is fitted onto the duct-shaped thin-walled truss load-bearing structure and the multiple tail fins to form a physical gap channel between the skin component and the annular airbag; the wind turbine generator is installed inside the duct-shaped thin-walled truss load-bearing structure through a support structure. The duct configuration thin-walled truss load-bearing structure includes multiple airfoil planar load-bearing truss structural units and multiple circumferential truss structures. The multiple airfoil planar load-bearing truss structural units, which are evenly distributed circumferentially, are connected together by multiple longitudinally distributed circumferential truss structures to form duct space. Each airfoil planar load-bearing truss structural unit includes a longitudinal airfoil truss structure and multiple vertical constraint trusses. The multiple vertical constraint trusses are arranged inside the longitudinal airfoil truss structure and are spaced apart longitudinally. The multiple circumferential truss structures are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of the multiple vertical constraint trusses to form multiple longitudinally distributed constraint spaces. Multiple tail fins are respectively arranged at the rear of multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures; the skin component is fitted onto multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures and multiple circumferential truss structures; the wind turbine generator is connected to multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures through the support structure to be arranged inside the duct space; The skin component includes multiple outer skins, multiple annular sealing zippers, and multiple tail fin skins. The number of outer skins is one more than the number of cross-sections of the wind turbine generator set. The multiple outer skins are sequentially fitted onto the multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures and the multiple circumferential truss structures along the longitudinal direction, and the joints of two adjacent outer skins correspond to the circumferential cross-sections of the vertical constraint truss. Adjacent outer skins are connected by the annular sealing zippers. The multiple tail fin skins are respectively covered on the multiple tail fins; It also includes multiple dual-redundant active valves, multiple heat pumps, and multiple blowers. A heating film is laid on the circumferential leading edge of the ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure and the leading edge of the tail fin. The outer skin located at the top of the circumferential leading edge of the ducted thin-walled truss load-bearing structure has multiple openings. Multiple dual-redundant active valves are respectively installed on the leading edges of multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures and correspond to the positions of the multiple openings. Multiple heat pumps are respectively installed at the bottom of the circumferential section of multiple vertical constraint trusses and located inside the outer skin. Multiple blowers are respectively installed on two symmetrically distributed longitudinal airfoil truss structures in the lower middle part of the circumferential section where the multiple heat pumps are located and penetrate the outer skin. The blower has a first working mode of opening the outer skin valve and closing the inner valve to form an air inlet and outlet channel between the outer skin and the duct. The blower also has a second working mode of closing the outer skin valve and opening the inner valve to form an air circulation channel between the outer skin and the inner duct. The outer skin is a lightweight, micro-permeable, flexible film material. When the dual-redundant active valve is opened, it uses rammed air to enter the truss space inside the culvert to form an air pressure differential, so that the annular airbag works in a zero-pressure state and can freely expand and contract with the changing day and night temperatures of the external environment. In addition, in conjunction with the micro-permeable characteristics of the outer skin, a continuous purging phenomenon is formed on the surface of the outer skin. When the ambient wind speed is low and the ram air capacity is insufficient, the dual-redundant active valve is closed, and the blower is in the first working mode; when cold clouds / cold currents appear in the air, or when there is a large area of ​​snow or ice on the outer skin, or when the humidity of the gas inside the duct is too high, the heat pump is turned on, and the blower is in the second working mode.

2. The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support structure includes a long-axis mounting truss and multiple supporting hoisting truss structures. The long-axis mounting truss is distributed along the axial direction of the duct space. The long-axis mounting truss is connected to multiple longitudinal airfoil truss structures through multiple supporting hoisting truss structures distributed circumferentially. The blades of the wind turbine are mounted on the long-axis mounting truss. Multiple cameras and vibration measuring devices are installed on the supporting hoisting truss structures.

3. The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The longitudinal airfoil truss structure, the vertical constraint truss, the circumferential truss structure, and the tail fin are all assembled from lightweight, high-strength composite material components.

4. The ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lightweight, high-strength composite material components are coated with a low absorption-to-emission ratio coating or a total reflection coating or covered with an aluminum film on the contact surfaces of the outer skin and the annular airbag.

5. A ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned ducted rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat high-altitude wind power generation system further includes a lightning rod, a lightning cable, and a lightning protection rod. The lightning rod is mounted on the top of the tail fin, which is located above the thin-walled truss load-bearing structure of the duct configuration. The lightning cable is installed on the upper half-ring of the outer skin and connected to the lightning rod. The lightning protection rod is fixed on the longitudinal airfoil truss structure and is spaced apart from the lightning cable.

6. A ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aforementioned ducted rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered airship-type high-altitude wind power generation system further includes a first equipment compartment and a second equipment compartment. A triangular bracket is fixed to the front end of the longitudinal airfoil truss structure located at the bottom position, and the first equipment compartment is installed on the triangular bracket. The second equipment compartment is installed on the longitudinal airfoil truss structure located at the top position and is located inside the outer skin.

7. An application of a ducted layout rigid-flexible hybrid structure tethered aerostat type high-altitude wind power generation system as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, By carrying payloads for communication base stations, navigation, earth observation, meteorological monitoring, early warning and detection, and jamming countermeasures, it is applied in the fields of communication relay, navigation enhancement, high-resolution earth observation, extreme weather monitoring, early warning and detection, and electronic warfare.

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