Transmission beam prediction

Abstract

Aspects relate to techniques for predicting future beams (e.g., transmit beams and / or receive beams) for communications between a network node and a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the UE may output beam information for a receive beam for transmission to a network node. The UE may obtain signaling from the network node via a beam pair comprising the receive beam and the transmit beam. In some examples, the UE may output, for transmission to the network node, measurements of the signaling from the angle of the receive beam.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. patent application serial number 17 / 816,387, filed on July 29, 2022, entitled “TRANSMIT-BEAM PREDICTION,” which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0003] background Technical Field

[0004] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly to techniques and methods for predicting transmit beams for future communications. Background Art

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0006] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a city, country, region, or even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continued mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). Certain aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Further improvements to 5G NR technology are needed. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the invention

[0007] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is neither intended to identify key or important elements of all aspects, nor to describe the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later.

[0008] Certain aspects relate to an apparatus configured for wireless communication. The apparatus includes: a memory including instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to output beam information of a receive beam for sending to a network node. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to obtain signaling from the network node via a beam pair including the receive beam and the transmit beam. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to output a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam for sending to the network node.

[0009] Certain aspects relate to a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the method may include: outputting beam information of a receive beam for sending to a network node. In some examples, the method may include: obtaining signaling from the network node via a beam pair including the receive beam and a transmit beam. In some examples, the method may include: outputting a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam for sending to the network node.

[0010] Certain aspects relate to a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the UE may include: a component for outputting beam information of a receive beam for sending to a network node. In some examples, the UE may include: a component for obtaining signaling from the network node via a beam pair including the receive beam and the transmit beam. In some examples, the UE may include: a component for outputting a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam for sending to the network node.

[0011] Certain aspects relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform operations. In some examples, the operations include: outputting beam information of a receive beam for sending to a network node. In some examples, the operations include: obtaining signaling from the network node via a beam pair including the receive beam and a transmit beam. In some examples, the operations include: outputting a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam for sending to the network node.

[0012] Certain aspects relate to an apparatus configured for wireless communication. The apparatus may include: a memory including instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to: obtain signaling from a network node via a receive beam and one or more transmit beams. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to: output an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on a measurement of the signaling from the perspective of the receive beam for transmission to the network node.

[0013] Certain aspects relate to a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the method may include: obtaining signaling from a network node via a receive beam, wherein the signaling is obtained via one or more transmit beams. In some examples, the method may include: outputting an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on a measurement of the signaling from a perspective of the receive beam for transmission to the network node.

[0014] Certain aspects relate to a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the UE may include: a component for obtaining signaling from a network node via a receive beam, wherein the signaling is obtained via one or more transmit beams. In some examples, the UE may include: a component for outputting an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam for transmission to the network node.

[0015] Certain aspects relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to perform operations. In some examples, the operations include: obtaining signaling from a network node via a receive beam, wherein the signaling is obtained via one or more transmit beams. In some examples, the operations include: outputting an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on a measurement of the signaling from a perspective of the receive beam for transmission to the network node.

[0016] Certain aspects relate to an apparatus configured for wireless communication. The apparatus may include: a memory including instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to obtain beam information of a receive beam from a user equipment (UE). In some aspects, the one or more processors are configured to output signaling to the UE. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to obtain, from the UE, a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam.

[0017] Certain aspects relate to a method for wireless communication at a network node. In some examples, the method may include: obtaining beam information of a receive beam from a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the method may include: outputting signaling to the UE. In some examples, the method may include: obtaining, from the UE, a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam.

[0018] Certain aspects relate to, at a network node. In some examples, the network node may include: components for obtaining beam information of a receive beam from a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the network node may include: components for outputting signaling to the UE. In some examples, the network node may include: components for obtaining, from the UE, a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam.

[0019] Certain aspects relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a network node, cause the network node to perform operations. In some examples, the operations include: obtaining beam information of a receive beam from a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the operations include: outputting signaling to the UE. In some examples, the operations include: and obtaining, from the UE, a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam.

[0020] Certain aspects relate to an apparatus configured for wireless communication. The apparatus may include: a memory including instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to: output signaling via one or more transmit beams for transmission to a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to: obtain from the UE an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on a measurement of the signaling.

[0021] Certain aspects relate to a method for wireless communication by a wireless node. In some examples, the method includes: outputting signaling via one or more transmit beams for transmission to a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the method includes: obtaining from the UE an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on a measurement of the signaling.

[0022] Certain aspects relate to a network node. In some examples, the network node may include: a component for outputting signaling via one or more transmit beams for transmission to a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the network node may include: a component for obtaining, from the UE, an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on measurements of the signaling.

[0023] Certain aspects relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a network node, cause the network node to perform operations. In some examples, the operations include: outputting signaling via one or more transmit beams for transmission to a user equipment (UE). In some examples, the operations include: obtaining from the UE an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on measurements of the signaling.

[0024] To achieve the foregoing and related ends, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some illustrative features of one or more aspects. However, these features are merely indicative of some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed, and this specification is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0026] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0031] Figure 4 An example monolithic (eg, disaggregated) architecture of a distributed radio access network is illustrated.

[0032] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station architecture.

[0033] Figure 6 is a call flow diagram illustrating example communications between a UE and a network node.

[0034] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating example communications between a network node and first and second UEs.

[0035] Figure 8 is a call flow diagram illustrating example communications between a UE and a network node.

[0036] Fig. 9 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0037] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of an example apparatus.

[0038] Fig.11 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0039] Fig.12 is a diagram illustrating another example of a hardware implementation for another example apparatus.

[0040] Fig.13 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0041] Fig.14 is a diagram illustrating another example of a hardware implementation for another example apparatus.

[0042] Fig.15 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0043] Fig.16 is a diagram illustrating another example of a hardware implementation for another example apparatus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. In order to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these concepts.

[0045] In certain aspects, artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) can be used to improve wireless communications. For example, AI / ML can be implemented to support beam management (e.g., beam prediction in the time and / or spatial domains) for overhead and latency reduction and improved estimation and / or prediction of beams for future communications.

[0046] In wireless communications (e.g., mmWave bands), both user equipment (UE) and base stations can perform directional beamforming. For example, a channel corresponding to each beamforming direction is sometimes referred to as a beam (or beamformed channel). In some examples, the UE and base station can monitor the channel quality (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), etc.) of different beams based on measuring reference signals (RS) on different beams.

[0047] Certain aspects relate to reducing overhead and latency associated with events such as beam failures. In some examples, beam predictions performed via an AI / ML algorithm can be used to predict channel quality for a first set of beams based on past measurements of a second set of beams. In some examples, the predicted quality of the first set of beams can be a prediction of future quality at a future time instance. The beam prediction can predict the future RSRP of a particular beam, or a beam identifier corresponding to the best quality beam. Such beam predictions can be based on RSRP measured from a synchronization signal block (SSB) or RS (e.g., a CSI-RS for a refined set of beams). It should be noted that the first set of beams can correspond to the same beams as the second set, including overlapping beams, or be a completely separate set of beams.

[0048] In certain aspects, beam prediction may be performed by a UE or a base station. For example, either the UE or the base station may include an AI / ML module configured for beam prediction (e.g., predicting the future RSRP of a particular beam or a beam identifier corresponding to the best quality beam for future communications). The AI / ML beam prediction module run by the UE may receive information from the base station that configures the module for prediction. In this example, the base station may provide the UE with a trained neural network or other information that configures the AI / ML module for beam prediction. In some examples, the base station may run the AI / ML beam prediction module based on UE feedback of channel measurements.

[0049] In some examples, the base station may run a prediction module based on RSRP measurements and UE side beam information reported by the UE. Such measurements may improve the prediction module by reducing the size of the prediction module and improving its accuracy. For example, if the UE reports the measured RSRP of a particular base station transmit beam (excluding any information about the UE side beam used to measure the transmit beam), the prediction module will be very large because it will have to generalize the information. Training the model will also be more time consuming because the training data (e.g., RSRP data without information about the corresponding UE side beam) will be generalized.

[0050] In certain aspects, if the UE uses a specific receive (Rx) beam known by both the UE and the base station for measuring and reporting the RSRP of the transmit beam, the size of the prediction module can be reduced and the training time can be reduced. For example, the UE can use the same Rx beam to measure all transmit beams of the base station so that all reported RSRPs are measured from the same receive beam. Alternatively, the UE can report multiple measured RSRPs for each transmit beam from the base station measured using different Rx beams.

[0051] In some aspects, along with the measured RSRP, the UE may also report beam information about the Rx beam used to measure the RSRP. For example, the UE may send its Rx beam pattern, the Rx beam ID used for the reported measurement, and other information. Thus, the base station may use the measured RSRP and the reported Rx beam information as input to the prediction module.

[0052] In some examples, the UE may run a prediction module based on RSRP measurements reported by the UE and UE side beam information. In this case, the base station may configure the prediction module at the UE, but the UE may use the module to predict the best transmit beam for future communications.

[0053] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0054] As an example, an element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout the present disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether it is referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other names, software should be widely interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, processes, functions, etc.

[0055] Therefore, in one or more example embodiments, the described functions can be implemented with hardware, software or any combination thereof. If implemented with software, the function can be stored or encoded on a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media can include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), an optical disk storage device, a magnetic disk storage device, other magnetic storage devices, a combination of computer-readable media of the above type, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0056] Throughout this disclosure, "network node" may be used to refer to a base station, or a disaggregated component of a base station. For example, a base station may be implemented as an aggregated base station (e.g., as described in reference to Figure 4 described) or implemented as a decomposed base station (e.g., as described in reference Figure 5 Thus, in some aspects, a network node may refer to one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near RT) radio access network (RAN) intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. In some examples, a network node may be an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, etc.

[0057] Figure 1 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network 100. The wireless communication system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes a base station 102, a user equipment (UE) 104, an evolved packet core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G core (5GC)). The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). A macro cell includes a base station. A small cell includes a femto cell, a pico cell, and a micro cell.

[0058] The base station 102 configured for 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) can interface with the EPC 160 via a first backhaul link 132 (e.g., an S1 interface). The base station 102 configured for 5G New Radio (NR) (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can interface with the core network 190 via a second backhaul link 184. Among other functions, the base station 102 can also perform one or more of the following functions: delivery of user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (eg, via the EPC 160 or the core network 190) via the third backhaul link 134 (eg, an X2 interface). The first backhaul link 132, the second backhaul link 184, and the third backhaul link 134 may be wired or wireless.

[0059] Base station 102 can communicate wirelessly with UE 104. Each of base stations 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell 102' can have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network including both small cells and macro cells can be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network can also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which can provide services to a restricted group called a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 can include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 can use multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming and / or transmit diversity. The communication link can be through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in the carrier aggregation for a total of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 can use a spectrum of up to Y megahertz (MHz) (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, etc.) bandwidth. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL ​​compared to UL). The component carrier may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0060] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0061] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in, for example, a 5 gigahertz (GHz) unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the STA 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available prior to communication.

[0062] The small cell 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in the unlicensed spectrum, the small cell 102' can adopt NR and use the same unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz, etc.) used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102' adopting NR in the unlicensed spectrum can improve the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0063] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are typically referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as the “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz–300 GHz) identified as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0064] In view of the above aspects, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "below 6 GHz" or the like is used herein, it can broadly represent frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, it can broadly represent frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, or can be within the EHF band.

[0065] The base station 102, whether a small cell 102' or a large cell (e.g., a macro base station), may include and / or be referred to as an eNB, a gNodeB (gNB), or another type of base station. Some base stations, such as gNB 180, may operate in the traditional sub-6 GHz spectrum, in millimeter wave frequencies, and / or near millimeter wave frequencies to communicate with the UE 104. When the gNB 180 operates in millimeter wave or near millimeter wave frequencies, the gNB 180 may be referred to as a millimeter wave base station. The millimeter wave base station 180 may utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for path loss and short range. The base station 180 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays, to facilitate beamforming.

[0066] The base station 180 may transmit beamformed signals in one or more transmit directions 182' to the UE 104. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signals from the base station 180 in one or more receive directions 182". The UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals to the base station 180 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 180 may receive the beamformed signals from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 180 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive direction and transmit direction for each of the base station 180 / UE 104. The transmit direction and receive direction of the base station 180 may be the same or may be different. The transmit direction and receive direction of the UE 104 may be the same or may be different.

[0067] The EPC 160 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a serving gateway 166, an MBMS gateway 168, a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC) 170, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway 172. The MME 162 may communicate with a home subscriber server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the EPC 160. Generally speaking, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are passed through the serving gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN gateway 172. The PDN gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The PDN gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to IP services 176. The IP services 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service deployment and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services in a public land mobile network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS services to base stations 102 belonging to a multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) area of ​​a broadcast specific service, and may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related billing information.

[0068] The core network 190 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a session management function (SMF) 194, and a user plane function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may communicate with a unified data management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 190. Typically, the AMF 192 provides quality of service (QoS) flows and session management. All user IP packets are delivered through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to an IP service 197. The IP service 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a packet-switched (PS) streaming service, and / or other IP services.

[0069] Base stations may include and / or be referred to as gNBs, Node Bs, eNBs, access points, transceiver base stations, radio base stations, radio transceivers, transceiver functions, basic service sets (BSSs), extended service sets (ESSs), transmit receive points (TRPs), or some other suitable terminology. Base stations 102 provide access points to EPC 160 or core network 190 for UEs 104. Examples of UEs 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet devices, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional devices. Some of UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0070] Refer again Figure 1 In some aspects, the UE 104 can be configured with a prediction module 198. In some examples, the prediction module 198 is configured to: output beam information of a receive beam for sending to a network node; obtain signaling from the network node via a beam pair including a receive beam and a transmit beam; and output a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam for sending to the network node.

[0071] In certain aspects, the prediction module 198 may be configured to obtain signaling from a network node via a receive beam and one or more transmit beams and output an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on measurements of the signaling from the perspective of the receive beam for transmission to the network node.

[0072] Refer again Figure 1 In some aspects, the base station 180 can be configured with a prediction module 199. In some examples, the prediction module 199 can be configured to obtain beam information of a receive beam from a user equipment (UE); output signaling to the UE; and obtain a measurement of the signaling from the UE from the perspective of the receive beam.

[0073] In certain aspects, the prediction module 199 may be configured to output signaling via one or more transmit beams for transmission to a user equipment (UE); and obtain from the UE an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on measurements of the signaling.

[0074] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C 250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of an UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD) (wherein for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), a subframe within the subcarrier set is dedicated to either DL or UL), or may be time division duplex (TDD) (wherein for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), a subframe within the subcarrier set is dedicated to both DL and UL). Figure 2A , Figure 2C In the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 34 (most of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown with slot formats 34 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are DL and UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2 to 61 include a mix of DL, UL and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format through the received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured through DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured through radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the description below also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0075] Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels. For example, a 10 millisecond (ms) frame may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a microslot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may contain 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the time slot configuration. For time slot configuration 0, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for time slot configuration 1, each time slot may include 7 symbols. The symbol on the DL may be a cyclic prefix (CP) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbol. The symbol on the UL may be a CP-OFDM symbol (for high throughput scenarios) or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol (also known as a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol) (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots in a subframe is based on the time slot configuration and parameter set. For slot configuration 0, different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For slot configuration 1, different parameter sets 0 to 2 allow 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe, respectively. Thus, for slot configuration 0 and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols per slot and 2 per subframe. μ time slots. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are functions of the parameter set. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ *15 kilohertz (kHz), where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D An example is provided for slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and parameter set μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP can have a specific set of parameters.

[0076] A resource grid may be used to represent a frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0077] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) for channel estimation at the UE (indicated as R for a particular configuration).x , where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0078] Figure 2B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs), each CCE including nine RE groups (REGs), each REG including four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. The PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. The primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identity. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identification group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identification and the physical layer cell identification group number, the UE may determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE may determine the position of the aforementioned DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent over the PBCH (such as the system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0079] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may send a DM-RS for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a DM-RS for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be sent in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be sent in different configurations. The UE may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the comb teeth. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0080] Figure 2D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) / negative acknowledgement (NACK) feedback. The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0081] Figure 3 1 is a block diagram of a base station 102 in an access network communicating with a UE 104. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 may be provided to the controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0082] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transmission channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transmission channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Subsequently, each stream can be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time domain and / or frequency domain, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates may be derived based on a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback sent by the UE 104. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0083] At the UE 104, each receiver 354RX receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for the UE 104. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 104, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the RX processor 356. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point sent by the base station 102. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by the base station 102. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0084] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0085] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 102, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0086] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback sent by the base station 102 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0087] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 102 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 104. Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.

[0088] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 104. The IP packets from the controller / processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0089] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to combine Figure 1 The prediction module 198 performs various aspects.

[0090] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to combine Figure 1 The prediction module 199 performs various aspects.

[0091] Figure 4 An example monolithic (eg, converged) architecture of a distributed RAN 400 is illustrated, which may be Figure 1 The distributed RAN 400 is implemented in the wireless communication system and access network 100 illustrated in FIG. As illustrated in the figure, the distributed RAN 400 includes a core network (CN) 402 and a base station 426.

[0092] CN 402 may host core network functions. CN 402 may be centrally deployed. CN 402 functionality may be offloaded (e.g., to Advanced Wireless Services (AWS)) in an effort to handle peak capacity. CN 402 may include AMF 404 and UPF 406. AMF 404 and UPF 406 may perform one or more of the core network functions.

[0093] The base station 426 may communicate with the CN 402 (e.g., via a backhaul interface). The base station 426 may communicate with the AMF 404 via an N2 (e.g., NG-C) interface. The base station 426 may communicate with the UPF 406 via an N3 (e.g., NG-U) interface. The base station 426 may include a central unit control plane (CU-CP) 410, one or more central unit user planes (CU-UP) 412, one or more distributed units (DU) 414-418, and one or more radio units (RU) 420-424.

[0094] The CU-CP 410 may be connected to one or more of the DUs 414 to 418. The CU-CP 410 and the DUs 414 to 418 may be connected via an F1-C interface. Figure 4 As shown, CU-CP 410 can be connected to multiple DUs, but a DU can be connected to only one CU-CP. Figure 4 Only one CU-UP 412 is illustrated, but the base station 426 may include multiple CU-UPs. The CU-CP 410 selects an appropriate CU-UP for the requested service (e.g., for the UE). The CU-UP 412 may be connected to the CU-CP 410. For example, the CU-UP 412 and the CU-CP 410 may be connected via an E1 interface. The CU-UP 412 may be connected to one or more of the DUs 414-418. The CU-UP 412 and the DUs 414-418 may be connected via an F1-U interface. Figure 4 As shown, the CU-CP 410 may be connected to a plurality of CU-UPs, but the CU-UP may be connected to only one CU-CP 410 .

[0095] A DU (such as DU 414, 416 and / or 418) may host one or more TRPs (transmit / receive points, which may include edge nodes (ENs), edge units (EUs), radio heads (RHs), smart radio heads (SRHs), etc.). A DU may be located at the edge of a network with radio frequency (RF) functionality. A DU may be connected to multiple CU-UPs, which are connected to (e.g., controlled by) the same CU-CP (e.g., for RAN sharing, radio as a service (RaaS), and service-specific deployments). A DU may be configured to provide services to a UE individually (e.g., dynamically selected) or jointly (e.g., jointly transmitted). Each DU 414-416 may be connected to one of the RUs 420 / 422 / 424.

[0096] The CU-CP 410 may be connected to multiple DUs that are connected to the same CU-UP 412 (e.g., under the control of the same CU-UP 412). Connectivity between the CU-UP 412 and the DUs may be established through the CU-CP 410. For example, the connectivity between the CU-UP 412 and the DUs may be established using a bearer context management function. Data forwarding between the CU-UPs 412 may be performed via an Xn-U interface.

[0097] The distributed RAN 400 can support fronthaul solutions across different deployment types. For example, the RAN 400 architecture can be based on the transmission network capabilities (e.g., bandwidth, latency and / or jitter). The distributed RAN 400 can share features and / or components with LTE. For example, the base station 426 can support dual connectivity with NR and can share a common fronthaul for LTE and NR. The distributed RAN 400 can, for example, implement collaboration between and among DUs 414-418 via CU-CP 412. The inter-DU interface may not be used. Logical functions can be dynamically distributed in the distributed RAN 400.

[0098] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station 500 architecture. The decomposed base station 500 architecture may include one or more CUs 510 that may communicate directly with a core network 520 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with a core network 520 through one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (RT) RIC 525 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 515 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 505, or both. The CU 510 may communicate with one or more DUs 530 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 530 may communicate with one or more RUs 540 via respective fronthaul links. The RU 540 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 540.

[0099] Each of the units (i.e., CU 510, DU 530, RU 540, and near-RT RIC 525, non-RT RIC 515, and SMO framework 505) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively referred to as signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) configured to receive or send signals, or both, to one or more of the other units on a wireless transmission medium.

[0100] In some aspects, CU 510 may host higher-layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 510. CU 510 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 510 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 510 may be implemented to communicate with DU 530 for network control and signaling.

[0101] DU 530 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 540. In some aspects, DU 530 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least in part according to a functional split such as defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, DU 530 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 530 or with control functions hosted by CU 510.

[0102] Lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 540. In some deployments, a RU 540 controlled by a DU 530 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 540 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 540 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 530. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 530 and the CU 510 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture such as a virtual RAN (vRAN) architecture.

[0103] The SMO framework 505 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 505 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 505 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-cloud) 590) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 510, DU 530, RU 540, and near-RT RIC 525. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 505 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 511 via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 505 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 540 via an O1 interface. The SMO framework 505 may also include a non-RT RIC 515 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 505 .

[0104] The non-RT RIC 515 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 525. The non-RT RIC 515 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 525 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 525 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 510, one or more DUs 530, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 525.

[0105] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 525, the non-RT RIC 515 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 525 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 505 or the non-RT RIC 515. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 515 or the near-RT RIC 525 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 515 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 505 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0106] Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to performing beam prediction at one or more of a UE or a network node. The beam prediction may be performed by an AI / ML module trained using information provided by the UE. The beam prediction module may predict a beam pair channel (e.g., a UE beam and a network node beam) or at least one transmit beam for future communications between the UE and the network node.

[0107] In general, the RSRP of the same transmit (Tx) beam (e.g., a network node side transmit beam) measured by different receive (Rx) beams (e.g., a UE side receive beam) will be different due to different directional gains at angles toward the incoming Tx beam. Therefore, in order to determine the best (e.g., highest quality signal) Rx beam, the UE can measure the same Tx beam using different Rx beams. For example, the UE and the network node can perform a P3 scan of the UE Rx beam defined by a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) set with repetitions of the same Tx beam.

[0108] However, it should be noted that different models of UE (e.g., different manufacturing models, operating system models, etc.) may have different codebook designs, resulting in different model UEs using different numbers of Rx beams and different array gain and coverage of each beam. In some examples, depending on which mode the UE is operating in (e.g., power saving mode, etc.), the same UE may use different codebooks and antenna panel configurations. This may result in different levels of codebooks being used by the same UE and narrower / wider Rx beams having different RSRP measurements. In addition, arrays of different sizes between different UEs may result in different directional gains and different RSRP measurements for the same Tx beam.

[0109] It should be noted that the UE specific implementation of the Rx beam may be transparent to the network node. For example, when the network node is running an AI / ML module for predicting future Tx beams for communication, the network node may not be aware of the Rx beam from which the reported RSRP is measured. Therefore, when the RSRP associated with the same network node Tx beam changes, the network node may not know whether the change is due to the use of a different Rx beam, UE movement, or another reason. Even in the case where the UE is configured to run the AI / ML module, the module can be configured and trained by the NW. Therefore, during the training phase of the module, if the network node does not have the UE-side beam information associated with the training data, the AI / ML module cannot be trained to incorporate the UE beam information.

[0110] In some examples, the RSRP of the same Tx beam may be measured by different Rx beams. However, if the RSRP measurement is not "calibrated", the error level of the AI / ML module may be significant. For example, if the same UE position corresponds to different values ​​of RSRP, the different values ​​of RSRP due to different Rx beams may confuse or complicate the AI / ML module in training. This scenario may also require a much larger neural network for the AI / ML module to make the module more general and reduce errors.

[0111] In addition, considering that different UE models have different Rx beam configurations, training a general neural network of the AI / ML module for all UE models / modes may further increase the size of the AI / ML. Therefore, in some aspects, given that all UEs with different models share the same environment, a common information format for training the AI / ML module can reduce the complexity associated with different modes and models of the UE.

[0112] The functions and arrangements of the elements and examples discussed herein may be changed without departing from the present disclosure. For example, various examples may appropriately omit, replace, or add various procedures or components described in other examples. For example, the described methods and communications may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, the features described for some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, any number of aspects set forth herein may be used to implement a device or practice method.

[0113] Example of a prediction module operated by a network node

[0114] Figure 6 is an example UE (e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 3 UE 104) and a network node (e.g., Figure 1 and Figure 3 Base station 102, Figure 4Base station 426, Figure 5 500).

[0115] At the first communication 602, the network node 102 may transmit signaling (eg, RS or SSB) via a first Tx beam. In some examples, the network node 102 may transmit signaling (eg, continuously or simultaneously) via multiple Tx beams.

[0116] At the first process 604, the UE 104 may receive the transmitted signaling via an Rx beam and measure the RSRP of the transmitted signaling. In some examples, the UE may receive multiple signals transmitted via multiple Tx beams using the same Rx beam. In such an example, the UE may measure each of the transmitted signals from the perspective of the same Rx beam. That is, the UE may measure the RSRP of each signal transmitted via multiple Tx beams, wherein the RSRP of each signal is the RSRP as received by the UE via the same Rx beam.

[0117] In some examples, the network node can configure the UE 104 with an indication of the Rx beam to be used for RSRP measurement. For example, the network node 102 can send an Rx beam identifier to the UE 104 before the first communication 602 so that the UE 104 knows the Rx beam to be used for RSRP measurement.

[0118] In some examples, the UE may use multiple Rx beams for RSRP measurement. That is, the UE 104 may receive signaling sent by the same Tx beam via multiple Rx beams. In such an example, the UE may calibrate one or more of the Rx beams so that the beam is relatively wider or narrower before measuring RSRP. In one example, the UE 104 may calibrate the Rx beam by adjusting the directional gain of the Rx beam to make it narrower before measuring RSRP. In another example, the UE 104 may not adjust the Rx beam, but calibrate the RSRP measurement by adjusting the RSRP measurement to reflect the measurement made by the narrower beam. In yet another example, the UE 104 may be configured with a first Rx beam for measuring the RSRP of the transmitted signal. Therefore, the network node 102 may expect that any RSRP feedback is based on the measurement of the signal received by the first Rx beam. Therefore, the UE 104 may calibrate any RSRP measured by the second Rx beam so that the measured RSRP is consistent with the RSRP measured using the first Rx beam. In some examples, UE 104 may determine which Rx beam to use without guidance from network node 102. In such examples, UE 104 may provide an indication of the Rx beam used to measure RSRP to network node 102 prior to measurement or with the measurement report.

[0119] In some examples, UE 104 can determine and report any errors associated with calibration of RSRP measurements or conversion of RSRP measurements to a common format. For example, the error level can depend on how many Rx beams UE 104 uses to measure the RSRP of the Tx beam. Therefore, the error level can be sent to network node 102 in a second communication 606.

[0120] At the second communication 606, the UE 104 may send a measurement report to the network node 102. The measurement report may include one or more RSRPs measured based on the signal sent via the Tx beam in the first communication 602. If the network node 102 has configured the Rx beam to be used for RSRP measurement to the UE 104, the measurement report may not include the Rx beam information. In such an example, the network node 102 may assume that the Rx beam configured on the UE side is used to measure the RSRP provided in the measurement report. In some examples, the measurement report may include multiple RSRPs measured from multiple different Rx beams for a single Tx beam.

[0121] In some examples, the measurement information may include beam information identifying an Rx beam used by UE 104 to measure RSRP. The beam information may include one or more of a beam pattern of the Rx beam, an identifier of the Rx beam, an orientation of the UE 104, a rate / speed of the UE 104, and / or a change in the rate / speed of the UE 104. In some examples, the beam pattern includes a directional gain of the Rx beam across one or more of an azimuth of arrival (AOA) and a zenith angle of arrival (ZOA). For example, the beam pattern may be reported as a directional gain across AOA and / or ZOA angles. It should be noted that the beam information may be sent to the network node 102 in addition or alternatively before the first communication 602.

[0122] The UE 104 may also send updates to the beam information to the network node 102 periodically, semi-continuously, or in response to an event that changes the beam information.

[0123] At the second process 608, the network node 102 may receive the measurement report and train the AI / ML module using the information of the measurement report as an input to the module. In some cases, the network node 102 may input the measured RSRP and the corresponding Rx beam and / or Rx beam information included in the report. For example, the network node 102 may calibrate the reported RSRP using the reported beam pattern, and then use the calibrated RSRP for AI / ML module training.

[0124] At the third process 610, the network node 102 may use the AI / ML module to predict a Tx beam to be used for signaling at a future time to the UE 104. For example, the network node 102 may predict the best (e.g., highest predicted quality, best SINR, etc.) Tx beam ID from multiple Tx beams.

[0125] In certain aspects, the AI / ML module may be split into multiple parts, with one part managed by the UE 104 and another part managed by the network node 102. That is, the AI / ML module may be shared by the UE 104 and the network node 102. In this example, the AI / ML module may be configured to use a specific format for RSRP measurements.

[0126] In one example, the AI / ML module of UE 104 may be configured to determine which one or more Rx beams are to be used to receive Tx beam signaling. The AI / ML module of UE 104 may also convert the measured RSRP into a common format used by the AI / ML modules of both UE 104 and network node 102. In some examples, the format may be a format corresponding to a measurement of a signal received using a particular type of antenna (e.g., an omnidirectional antenna). That is, UE 104 may use the AI / ML module to convert the RSRP measurement of the received signal into an omnidirectional receive RSRP. In this way, the model and type of antenna used by UE 104 is transparent to network node 102. That is, the model of UE 104 will not affect the training of the AI / ML module at network node 102, thereby making the network node 102 training of the AI / ML module universal for all UE models. When the RSRP is converted to an omnidirectional receive RSRP format (e.g., the expected RSRP for a 0bBi omnidirectional antenna), UE 104 may (e.g., in Figure 6 The converted RSRP is sent to the network node in a second communication 606.

[0127] In some examples, the common RSRP measurement format is a heat map indicating the power of one or more of the AOA and / or AOZ angles of one or more network node 102 beams. In such an example, UE 104 can convert the RSRP measured from one or more Rx beams into a heat map. In some examples, UE 104 can be configured by network node 102 to use a common heat map format. In one example, the heat map is based on the same reference orientation (e.g., 0 degrees azimuth is north). Thus, UE 104 can be configured to use a common heat map format in the example. Figure 6 The heat map may be sent to the network node 102 in a second communication 606. In some examples, the UE 104 may also provide orientation information of the UE 104 in the second communication 606.

[0128] In the above example, the UE 104 may convert the measured RSRP of the signal transmitted by the network node 102 into a common format so that the network node 102 may train the AI / ML module for predicting future Tx beams universally for all UEs regardless of the model.

[0129] Figure 7 704 and 716. FIG. 705 is a diagram illustrating an example communication between a network node 102 and a first UE 104a and a second UE 104b. The first UE 104a is a first model UE and includes a first antenna 704 and an AI / ML module 702, while the second UE 104b is a second model UE and includes a second antenna 706 and an AI / ML module 702. Thus, the first UE 104a and the second UE 104b may be different models and include different antenna configurations. The network node 102 includes an AI / ML module 716.

[0130] Initially, the network node 102 may send signaling to the first UE 104a via the first Tx beam 708 and to the second UE 104b via the second Tx beam 714. The first UE 104a and the second UE 104b may receive the corresponding signaling via one or more Rx beams and measure the received signaling to determine the RSRP of the received signal. At each UE, the AI / ML module 702 may convert the measured RSRP into a common format (e.g., an omnidirectional reception format). The first UE 104a may send a first common RSRP 710 format to the network node 102, and the second UE 104b may send a second common RSRP 712 format to the network node 102. Thus, the network node 102 receives a common RSRP measurement format from each of the UEs, thereby making the network node 102 and the AI / ML module 716 on the network node side agnostic to the unique configuration of the UE.

[0131] The network node 102 may use the received generic RSRP format to train the AI / ML module 716 for predicting future Tx beams and / or future RSRP associated with the Tx beams.

[0132] In some examples, the common format may be defined by a wireless communication standard, an agreement between a service provider and a client, or may be defined by the network node 102. The service agreement may also define a minimum accuracy for converting RSRP measurements into a common format that the UE must adhere to.

[0133] Example of a prediction module operated by a network node

[0134] Figure 88 is a call flow diagram illustrating an example communication 800 between a UE 104 and a network node 102. In this example, the UE 104 may predict a Tx beam for future communications with the network node 102 using a UE-side AI / ML module and send an indication of the predicted Tx beam to the network node 102. Therefore, the UE 104 may not provide the network node 102 with an indication of the RSRP of the signaling received through the Tx beam measured by the UE 104.

[0135] Initially, the network node 102 may send a signal to the UE 104 via one or more Tx beams in a first communication 802. At the first process 804, the UE 104 may use one or more Rx beams to receive signaling from each Tx beam to measure the RSRP of each Tx beam. In some examples, the network node 102 may configure the UE 104 to use a specific one or more Rx beams for receiving and measuring the transmitted signaling. In other examples, the UE 104 may determine which one or more Rx beams to use.

[0136] In some examples, the UE may use multiple Rx beams for RSRP measurement. That is, the UE 104 may receive signaling sent by the same Tx beam via multiple Rx beams. In such an example, the UE may calibrate one or more of the Rx beams so that the beam is relatively wider or narrower before measuring RSRP. In one example, the UE 104 may calibrate the Rx beam by adjusting the directional gain of the Rx beam to make it narrower before measuring RSRP. In another example, the UE 104 may not adjust the Rx beam, but calibrate the RSRP measurement by adjusting the RSRP measurement to reflect the measurement made by the narrower beam. In yet another example, the UE 104 may calibrate any RSRP measured by the second Rx beam so that the measured RSRP is consistent with the RSRP measured using the first Rx beam. Therefore, each UE may be configured to calibrate the RSRP measurement in public so that each UE trains its corresponding AI / ML module using a public RSRP format.

[0137] At the second process 806, the UE 104 may train an AI / ML module operated by the UE 104. For example, the UE may use the measured RSRP or a publicly calibrated RSRP measurement as an input to the AI / ML module. In some examples, the UE 104 may also use beam information as an input to the AI / ML module. Specifically, the UE 104 may input the measured RSRP together with one or more of the beam pattern of the Rx beam used to receive the measured signaling, an identifier of the Rx beam, the orientation of the UE 104, the speed / rate change of the UE 104, and / or other information about the mobility of the UE 104. The information may train the module so that the UE 104 may predict the Tx beam that will provide the relatively highest quality communication between the UE 104 and the network node 102.

[0138] In a second communication 808, UE 104 may optionally send an indication of the measured RSRP and / or beam information to network node 102. In this example, network node 102 may input the information provided by UE 104 into its own AI / ML module to further train the module used by network node 102. In some examples, the UE may train its own AI / ML module with RSRP and other beam information, but send the calibrated RSRP (e.g., a common format of RSRP) and beam information to network node 102. In this way, UE 104 may improve communications using its own AI / ML module while also improving the general AI / ML module used by network node 102.

[0139] In some examples, the UE 104 can determine and report any errors associated with the calibration of the RSRP measurement or the conversion of the RSRP measurement to a common format. For example, the error level can depend on how many Rx beams the UE 104 uses to measure the RSRP of the Tx beam. Therefore, the error level can be sent to the network node 102 in a second communication 808. The network node 102 can configure the neural network of the AI / ML module used by the network node 102 to the UE.

[0140] At a third process 810, the UE 104 may predict, based on its own AI / ML module, a Tx beam for future communications with the network node 102. For example, the AI / ML module may be used to predict which Tx beam will provide the highest quality (e.g., SINR) communication between the UE 104 and the network node 102. The prediction may be based on RSRP and other beam information used to train the AI / ML module.

[0141] At a third communication 812, the UE 104 may send an indication of the predicted Tx beam to the network node 102. For example, the UE 104 may send an indication of the beam ID of the predicted Tx beam and / or the predicted RSRP of the predicted Tx beam.

[0142] Fig. 9 900 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (eg, UE 104; apparatus 1002). At 902, the UE may output beam information of a receive beam for transmission to a network node. For example, 902 may be performed by Fig.10 Here, the beam information may include one or more of a beam pattern of a receive beam, an identifier of the receive beam, an orientation of the UE, and a rate change of the UE. In some examples, the beam pattern includes a directional gain of the receive beam across one or more of an azimuth angle of arrival (AOA) and a zenith angle of arrival (ZOA). For example, 902 may correspond to Figure 6 The second communication 606 or Figure 8 Second communication 808.

[0143] At 904, the UE may obtain signaling from a network node via a beam pair including a receive beam and a transmit beam. For example, 904 may be performed by Fig.10 , is performed by the receiving component 1042. Here, the signaling may include any suitable reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS or other reference signal) or SSB signal. The UE may receive the signaling via a receive beam and measure the signaling from the perspective of the receive beam (e.g., measuring the RSRP of the signaling when the signaling is received by the receive beam). In some examples, the measurement of the signaling is defined by a common format based on the RSRP measurement of the signaling obtained via the transmit beam. For example, the common format may be a heat map with a common reference orientation (e.g., 0 degrees in azimuth is north), where the reference orientation is common between the UE and the network node. In some examples, the common format is an omnidirectional antenna RSRP measurement format. That is, the UE may measure the RSRP of the signaling and then convert the measured RSRP into a modified RSRP, where the modified RSRP reflects what the received RSRP would be if the UE antenna receiving the signaling was an omnidirectional antenna. For example, 904 may correspond to receiving Figure 6 The first communication 602 or reception Figure 8 The first communication 802.

[0144] At 906, the UE may optionally obtain signaling from the network node via the second receive beam. For example, 906 may be Fig.10Here, the UE may receive the same signaling sent from the network node via multiple receive beams. In this way, the UE may measure the same signaling across multiple receive beams to help determine the best receive beam for receiving the signal and establishing a beam pair with the transmit beam through which the signaling is sent. In some examples, 906 may correspond to Figure 6 First communication 602 or Figure 8 The first communication 802.

[0145] At 908, the UE may optionally output a measurement of the signaling from the angle of the second receive beam for transmission to the network node. For example, 908 may be performed by Fig.10 Here, the UE may send multiple measurements from multiple receive beams of the same signal. The multiple measurements may be sent in the same message. In some examples, the beam information of 902 may be output in the same transmission as the multiple measurements of the signaling. In some examples, 908 may correspond to Figure 6 The second communication 606 or Figure 8 Second communication 808.

[0146] At 910, the UE may optionally output an error rate associated with converting the first format to the common format for transmission to the network node. For example, 910 may be Fig.10 Here, the UE may provide to the network node an indication of an error associated with converting the RSRP measurement to a modified RSRP measurement, the modified RSRP measurement being configured to indicate the RSRP of a signal received by another antenna (e.g., an omnidirectional antenna). In some examples, 910 may correspond to Figure 6 The second communication 606 or Figure 8 Second communication 808.

[0147] At 912, the UE may optionally convert the RSRP measurements obtained via the signaling of the transmit beam into a common format. For example, 912 may be composed of Fig.10, is performed by conversion component 1044. Here, the UE may receive signaling from the network node via an antenna of the UE. That is, the UE antenna receives the signaling. The UE may measure RSRP when receiving the signaling from the antenna. The antenna may be an antenna of a first type. The UE may then convert the RSRP from an RSRP measured based on a signal received from an antenna of the first type to an RSRP measured based on a signal received from an antenna of a second type (e.g., an omnidirectional antenna). In another example, the UE may receive signaling from a network node and measure the signaling to determine the RSRP of the signaling. Initially, the RSRP measurement may be in a first format (e.g., based on the type of antenna used by the UE to receive the signaling). The UE may then convert the first format to a common format (e.g., based on an omnidirectional antenna) and then send the common format of the RSRP measurement to the network node. In some examples, 912 may correspond to Figure 6 The first course 604 or Figure 8 The first process 804.

[0148] At 914, the UE may output a measurement of the signaling from the angle of the receive beam for transmission to the network node. For example, 914 may be performed by Fig.10 Here, the UE may provide an indication of the measured RSRP or the converted RSRP to the network node. In some examples, the beam information of 902 may be output in the same transmission as the measurement of the signaling. In some examples, 914 may correspond to Figure 6 The second communication 606 or Figure 8 Second communication 808.

[0149] Fig.101 is a diagram 1000 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1002. The apparatus 1002 is a UE and includes a cellular baseband processor 1004 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to a cellular RF transceiver 1022 and one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 1020, an application processor 1006 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1008 and a screen 1010, a Bluetooth module 1012, a wireless local area network (WLAN) module 1014, a global positioning system (GPS) module 1016, and a power source 1018. The cellular baseband processor 1004 communicates with the UE 104 and / or the BS 102 / 180 via the cellular RF transceiver 1022. The cellular baseband processor 1004 may include a computer-readable medium / memory. The computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1004 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1004, causes the cellular baseband processor 1004 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1004 when executing the software. The cellular baseband processor 1004 also includes a receiving component 1030, a communication manager 1032, and a sending component 1034. The communication manager 1032 includes one or more of the illustrated components. The components within the communication manager 1032 may be stored in a computer-readable medium / memory and / or configured as hardware within the cellular baseband processor 1004. The cellular baseband processor 1004 may be a component of the UE 104 and may include a memory 360 and / or at least one of a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1002 may be a modem chip and include only the baseband processor 1004, and in another configuration, the device 1002 may be the entire UE (e.g., see Figure 3 104), and includes the aforementioned additional modules of device 1002.

[0150] The communication manager 1032 includes a transmission component 1040, which is configured to: output beam information of a receive beam for transmission to a network node; output a measurement of signaling from the perspective of the receive beam for transmission to the network node; output a measurement of signaling from the perspective of a second receive beam for transmission to the network node; and output an error rate associated with converting a first format to a common format for transmission to the network node; for example, as combined with Fig. 9 902, 908, 910 and 914 described above.

[0151] The communication manager 1032 also includes a receiving component 1042 configured to: obtain signaling from a network node via a beam pair including a receive beam and a transmit beam; and obtain signaling from a network node via a second receive beam; for example, as described in conjunction with 904 and 906.

[0152] The communication manager 1032 also includes a conversion component 1044, which is configured to: convert the RSRP measurement obtained via the signaling of the transmit beam into a common format; for example, as combined with Fig. 9 of 912 described.

[0153] The apparatus may include executing Fig. 9 Each of the blocks of the algorithm in the preceding flowchart and Figure 6 and Figure 8 The invention also provides an additional component for each of the steps illustrated in the call flow diagram of the present invention. Therefore, each box in the aforementioned flowchart and call flow diagram can be performed by a component, and the device can include one or more of those components. These components can be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[0154] In one configuration, the apparatus 1002 (and specifically, alone or in combination with one or more other hardware / software components, the cellular baseband processor 1004) includes components for outputting beam information of a receive beam for sending to a network node; components for obtaining signaling from the network node via a beam pair including a receive beam and a transmit beam; components for obtaining signaling from the network node via a second receive beam; components for outputting a measurement of the signaling from the perspective of the second receive beam for sending to the network node; components for outputting an error rate associated with converting a first format to a common format for sending to the network node; components for converting the first format to a common format; and components for outputting a measurement of the signaling from the perspective of the receive beam for sending to the network node.

[0155] The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus 1002 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means. As described above, the apparatus 1002 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

[0156] Fig.111100 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104; apparatus 1202). At 1102, the UE may obtain signaling from a network node via a receive beam and one or more transmit beams. For example, 1102 may be performed by Fig.12 , is performed by the receiving component 1242. Here, the signaling may include any suitable reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS or other reference signal) or SSB signal. The UE may receive the signaling from one or more transmit beams via a receive beam and measure the signaling from the perspective of the receive beam (e.g., measuring the RSRP of the signaling when the signaling is received by the receive beam). In some examples, the measurement of the signaling is defined by a common format based on the RSRP measurement of the signaling obtained via the transmit beam. For example, the common format may be a heat map with a common reference orientation (e.g., 0 degrees in azimuth is north), where the reference orientation is common between the UE and the network node. In some examples, the common format is an omnidirectional antenna RSRP measurement format. That is, the UE may measure the RSRP of the signaling using a first format (e.g., a format corresponding to the UE's antenna type) and then convert the first format to a common format that reflects what the received RSRP would be if the UE antenna receiving the signaling was an omnidirectional antenna. For example, 1102 may correspond to receiving Figure 6 The first communication 602 or reception Figure 8 The first communication 802.

[0157] At 1104, the UE may optionally obtain configuration information of the machine learning algorithm from the network node. For example, 1104 may be performed by Fig.12 Here, the UE may receive a machine learning algorithm or a neural network that has been developed by the network node for use by the UE to predict a future transmit beam of the network node and / or a future receive beam of the UE that may be used for future communications between the UE and the network node. For example, 1104 may correspond to receiving Figure 6 The first communication 602 or reception Figure 8 The first communication 802.

[0158] At 1106, the UE may optionally measure signaling using the first format. For example, 1106 may be composed of Fig.12 Here, the UE may receive signaling from the network node and measure the signaling to determine a reference signal received power (RSRP) of the signaling. Initially, the RSRP measurement may be in a first format (e.g., based on the type of antenna used by the UE to receive the signaling). As described below in 1107, the UE may then convert the first format to a common format (e.g., based on an omni-directional antenna) and then send the common format of the RSRP measurement to the network node. In some examples, 1106 may correspond to Figure 6 The first course 604 or Figure 8 The first process 804.

[0159] At 1107, the UE may optionally convert the obtained signaled RSRP measurement into a common format. For example, 1106 may be composed of Fig.12 Here, the UE may receive signaling from the network node via an antenna of the UE. That is, the UE antenna receives the signaling. The UE may measure the RSRP when receiving the signaling from the antenna. The antenna may be an antenna of a first type. The UE may then convert the RSRP from the RSRP measured based on the signal received from the first type of antenna to the RSRP measured based on the signal received from the second type of antenna (e.g., an omnidirectional antenna). In some examples, 1107 may correspond to Figure 6 The first course 604 or Figure 8 The first process 804.

[0160] At 1108, the UE may optionally obtain signaling from the network node via the second receive beam. For example, 1108 may be performed by Fig.12 Here, the UE may receive the same signaling sent from the network node via multiple receive beams. In this way, the UE may measure the same signaling across multiple receive beams to help determine the best receive beam for receiving the signal and establishing a beam pair with the transmit beam through which the signaling is sent. In some examples, 1106 may correspond to Figure 6 First communication 602 or Figure 8 The first communication 802.

[0161] At 1110, the UE may optionally measure a first reference signal received power (RSRP) of the signaling received from the first receive beam and a second RSRP of the signaling received from the second receive beam. For example, 1110 may be performed by Fig.12 Here, the UE may receive the same signaling sent from the network node via multiple receive beams. In this way, the UE may measure the same signaling across multiple receive beams to help determine the best receive beam for receiving the signal and establishing a beam pair with the transmit beam through which the signaling is sent. In some examples, 1110 may correspond to Figure 6 The first communication 602 and the first process 604 or Figure 8 A first communication 802 and a first process 804 are shown.

[0162] At 1112, the UE may optionally calibrate the second RSRP to normalize the second RSRP using the first RSRP. For example, 1112 may be performed by Fig.12The calibration component 1248 performs. In some examples, the UE can train its own AI / ML module with the measured RSRP and other beam information, but send the calibrated RSRP (e.g., a common format of RSRP) and beam information to the network node 102. For example, the UE can normalize the measured RSRP of multiple receive beams by converting the measured RSRP to the expected RSRP if each of the measured RSRPs had been received via an omni-directional antenna. In some examples, the UE can train its own AI / ML using the normalized RSRP. In some examples, 1112 can correspond to Figure 6 The first course 604 or Figure 8 The first process 804.

[0163] At 1114, the UE may optionally predict a second receive beam for communicating with the first transmit beam, wherein both the first transmit beam and the second receive beam are predicted by a machine learning algorithm. For example, 1114 may be performed by Fig.12 In some examples, the UE may use a UE-based AI / ML algorithm to predict future transmit beams and / or future receive beams for communicating with the network node. The AI / ML algorithm may use inputs from the UE, such as: RSRP measurements, normalized RSRP measurements, etc. The AI / ML may be configured at the UE by the network node. In some examples, 1114 may correspond to Figure 8 The third process 810.

[0164] At 1116, the UE may optionally output an indication of the second receive beam for transmission to the network node. For example, 1116 may be performed by Fig.12 In some examples, the UE may provide an indication of a receive beam for receiving signaling from the network node to the network node. The network node may use the receive beam information to train the AI / ML algorithm. In some examples, 1116 may correspond to Figure 6 The second communication 606 or Figure 8 Either the second communication 808 or the third communication 812 .

[0165] At 1118, the UE may output an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on a measurement of the signaling from the perspective of the receive beam for transmission to the network node. For example, 1118 may be performed by Fig.12Here, the UE may use its AI / ML algorithm to predict future transmit beams based on RSRP measurements of signals received from the network node. That is, the UE may input the signal measurements into the AI / ML algorithm. The UE may then send the predicted transmit beam to the network node. In some examples, 1118 may correspond to Figure 8 A third process 810 and a third communication 812 .

[0166] Fig.12 1 is a diagram 1200 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1202. The apparatus 1202 is a UE and includes a cellular baseband processor 1204 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to a cellular RF transceiver 1222 and one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 1220, an application processor 1206 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1208 and a screen 1210, a Bluetooth module 1212, a wireless local area network (WLAN) module 1214, a global positioning system (GPS) module 1216, and a power source 1218. The cellular baseband processor 1204 communicates with the UE 104 and / or the BS 102 / 180 via the cellular RF transceiver 1222. The cellular baseband processor 1204 may include a computer-readable medium / memory. The computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1204 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1204, causes the cellular baseband processor 1204 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1204 when executing the software. The cellular baseband processor 1204 also includes a receiving component 1230, a communication manager 1232, and a transmitting component 1234. The communication manager 1232 includes one or more of the illustrated components. The components within the communication manager 1232 may be stored in a computer-readable medium / memory and / or configured as hardware within the cellular baseband processor 1204. The cellular baseband processor 1204 may be a component of the UE 104 and may include a memory 360 and / or at least one of a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1202 may be a modem chip and include only the baseband processor 1204, and in another configuration, the device 1202 may be the entire UE (e.g., see Figure 3 104), and includes the aforementioned additional modules of device 1202.

[0167] The communication manager 1232 includes a transmission component 1240 configured to: output an indication of a second receive beam for transmission to a network node; and output an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on a measurement of signaling from the perspective of the receive beam for transmission to the network node; for example, as combined with Fig.11 1116 and 1118 described.

[0168] The communication manager 1232 also includes a receiving component 1242, which is configured to: obtain signaling from a network node via a receiving beam and one or more transmitting beams; obtain configuration information of a machine learning algorithm from the network node; obtain signaling from the network node via a second receiving beam; for example, as described in combination with 1102, 1104 and 1108.

[0169] The communications manager 1232 also includes a conversion component 1244 configured to convert the obtained signaled reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements into a common format; for example, as described in conjunction with 1107.

[0170] The communication manager 1232 also includes a measurement component 1246 configured to measure a first reference signal received power (RSRP) of signaling received from the first receive beam and a second RSRP of signaling received from the second receive beam; for example, as described in conjunction with 1110.

[0171] The communication manager 1232 also includes a calibration component 1248 configured to calibrate the second RSRP to normalize the second RSRP with the first RSRP; for example, as described in conjunction with 1112.

[0172] The communication manager 1232 also includes a prediction component 1250 that is configured to: predict a second receive beam for communicating with the first transmit beam, wherein both the first transmit beam and the second receive beam are predicted by a machine learning algorithm; for example, as described in conjunction with 1114.

[0173] The apparatus may include executing Fig.11 Each of the blocks of the algorithm in the preceding flowchart and Figure 6 and Figure 8 The invention also provides an additional component for each of the steps illustrated in the call flow diagram of the present invention. Therefore, each box in the aforementioned flowchart and call flow diagram can be performed by a component, and the device can include one or more of those components. These components can be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[0174] In one configuration, the apparatus 1202 (and specifically, alone or in combination with any one or more other hardware / software components, the cellular baseband processor 1204) includes means for obtaining signaling from a network node via a receive beam, wherein the signaling is obtained via one or more transmit beams; means for obtaining configuration information for a machine learning algorithm from the network node; means for converting a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement of the obtained signaling to a common format (e.g., means for converting a first format of RSRP measurement to a common format); means for obtaining signaling from the network node via a second receive beam; and means for measuring: (i) A method of transmitting a wireless communication network comprising: providing a wireless communication network comprising: providing a wireless communication network comprising: (i) a first reference signal received power (RSRP) of signaling received from a first receive beam, and (ii) a second RSRP of signaling received from a second receive beam; a component for calibrating the second RSRP to normalize the second RSRP using the first RSRP; a component for predicting a second receive beam for communicating with a first transmit beam, wherein both the first transmit beam and the second receive beam are predicted by a machine learning algorithm; a component for outputting an indication of the second receive beam for sending to a network node; and a component for outputting an indication of the first transmit beam predicted based on a measurement of the signaling from the perspective of the receive beam for sending to the network node.

[0175] The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus 1202 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means. As described above, the apparatus 1202 may include a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

[0176] Fig.13 1300 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication. The method can be performed by a base station / network node (e.g., base station 102 / 180; device 1402). At 1302, the network node can obtain beam information of a receive beam from a user equipment (UE). For example, 1302 can be performed by a receiving component 1440. Here, the beam information may include a beam pattern of a receive beam used by the UE, an identifier of the receive beam, an orientation of the UE, and one or more of a rate change of the UE. In some examples, the beam pattern includes a directional gain of the receive beam across one or more of an azimuth of arrival (AOA) and a zenith angle of arrival (ZOA). For example, 1302 may correspond to Figure 6 The second communication 606 or Figure 8 Second communication 808.

[0177] At 1304, the network node may output signaling to the UE. For example, 1304 may be performed by a transmitting component 1442. Here, the signaling may include any suitable reference signal (e.g., CSI-RS or other reference signal) or SSB signal. The network node may transmit the signaling via one or more transmit beams, and the UE may measure the signaling from the perspective of the receive beam (e.g., measuring the RSRP of the signaling when the signaling is received by the receive beam). For example, 1304 may correspond to transmitting Figure 6 The first communication 602 or send Figure 8 The first communication 802.

[0178] At 1306, the network node may obtain, from the UE, a measurement of the signaling from the angle of the receive beam. For example, 1306 may be performed by the receiving component 1440. The UE may receive the signaling via the receive beam and measure the signaling from the angle of the receive beam (e.g., measuring the RSRP of the signaling when the signaling is received by the receive beam). In some examples, the measurement of the signaling is defined by a common format based on the RSRP measurement of the signaling obtained via the transmit beam. For example, the common format may be a heat map with a common reference orientation (e.g., 0 degrees in azimuth is north), where the reference orientation is common between the UE and the network node. In some examples, the common format is an omnidirectional antenna RSRP measurement format. That is, the UE may measure the RSRP of the signaling and then convert the measured RSRP into a modified RSRP that reflects what the received RSRP would be if the UE antenna receiving the signaling was an omnidirectional antenna. For example, 1306 may correspond to receiving Figure 6 The second communication 606 or Figure 8 Second communication 808.

[0179] In some aspects, measurements of beam information and signaling are obtained in the same communication.

[0180] In certain aspects, the beam information includes one or more of a beam pattern of a receive beam, an identifier of the receive beam, an orientation of the UE, and a velocity change of the UE.

[0181] In certain aspects, the beam pattern includes a directivity gain of the receive beam across one or more of an azimuth angle of arrival (AOA) and a zenith angle of arrival (ZOA).

[0182] Fig.141400 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1402. The apparatus 1402 is a network node or BS and includes a baseband unit 1404. The baseband unit 1404 can communicate with the UE 104 via a cellular RF transceiver. The baseband unit 1404 may include a computer-readable medium / memory. The baseband unit 1404 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the baseband unit 1404, enables the baseband unit 1404 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the baseband unit 1404 when executing the software. The baseband unit 1404 also includes a receiving component 1430, a communication manager 1432, and a sending component 1434. The communication manager 1432 includes one or more of the illustrated components. The components within the communication manager 1432 can be stored in a computer-readable medium / memory and / or configured as hardware within the baseband unit 1404. The baseband unit 1404 may be a component of the BS 102 and may include the memory 376 and / or at least one of the TX processor 316 , the RX processor 370 , and the controller / processor 375 .

[0183] The communications manager 1432 includes a receiving component 1440 configured to: obtain beam information of a receive beam from a user equipment (UE); and obtain measurements of signaling from the UE from the perspective of the receive beam; for example, as described in conjunction with 1302 and 1306.

[0184] The communication manager 1432 also includes a sending component 1442 configured to: output signaling to the UE; for example, as described in conjunction with 1304.

[0185] The apparatus may include executing Fig.13 Each of the blocks of the algorithm in the preceding flowchart and Figure 6 and Figure 8 Thus, each block in the aforementioned flowcharts and call flow diagrams may be performed by a component, and the apparatus may include one or more of those components. These components may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[0186] In one configuration, the apparatus 1402 (and specifically the baseband unit 1404) includes: means for obtaining beam information of a receive beam from a user equipment (UE); means for outputting signaling to the UE; and means for obtaining, from the UE, a measurement of the signaling from the perspective of the receive beam.

[0187] The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus 1402 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means. As described above, the apparatus 1402 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Therefore, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

[0188] Fig.15 1500 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station / network node (e.g., base station 102 / 180; device 1602). At 1502, the network node may output signaling via one or more transmit beams for transmission to a user equipment (UE). For example, 1502 may be performed by a transmission component 1642.

[0189] At 1504, the network node may optionally output configuration information of the machine learning algorithm for predicting the first transmit beam for transmission to the UE. For example, 1502 may be performed by the transmission component 1642.

[0190] At 1506, the network node can optionally output a common format to be used as input to the machine learning algorithm for transmission to the UE. For example, 1506 can be performed by the transmission component 1642.

[0191] At 1508, the network node can obtain from the UE an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on the measurement of the signaling. For example, 1508 can be performed by the receiving component 1640.

[0192] Fig.161600 is an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1602. The apparatus 1602 is a BS or a network node and includes a baseband unit 1604. The baseband unit 1604 can communicate with the UE 104 via a cellular RF transceiver. The baseband unit 1604 may include a computer-readable medium / memory. The baseband unit 1604 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the baseband unit 1604, enables the baseband unit 1604 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the baseband unit 1604 when executing the software. The baseband unit 1604 also includes a receiving component 1630, a communication manager 1632, and a sending component 1634. The communication manager 1632 includes one or more of the illustrated components. The components within the communication manager 1632 can be stored in a computer-readable medium / memory and / or configured as hardware within the baseband unit 1604. The baseband unit 1604 may be a component of the BS 102 and may include the memory 376 and / or at least one of the TX processor 316 , the RX processor 370 , and the controller / processor 375 .

[0193] The communications manager 1632 includes a receiving component 1640 configured to obtain, from the UE, an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on measurements of signaling; for example, as described in conjunction with 1508 .

[0194] The communication manager 1632 also includes a transmitting component 1642, which is configured to: output signaling via one or more transmit beams for sending to a user equipment (UE); output configuration information of a machine learning algorithm for predicting a first transmit beam for sending to the UE; and output a common format to be used as input to the machine learning algorithm for sending to the UE; for example, as described in combination with 1502, 1504 and 1506.

[0195] The apparatus may include executing Fig.15 Each of the blocks of the algorithm in the preceding flowchart and Figure 6 and Figure 8 Thus, each block in the aforementioned flowcharts and call flow diagrams may be performed by a component, and the apparatus may include one or more of those components. These components may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[0196] In one configuration, the apparatus 1602 (and specifically, the baseband unit 1604) includes: a component for outputting signaling via one or more transmit beams for transmission to a user equipment (UE); a component for outputting configuration information of a machine learning algorithm for predicting a first transmit beam for transmission to the UE; a component for outputting a common format to be used as input to the machine learning algorithm for transmission to the UE; and a component for obtaining from the UE an indication of the first transmit beam predicted based on measurements of the signaling.

[0197] The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus 1602 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means. As described above, the apparatus 1602 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Therefore, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.

[0198] Additional considerations

[0199] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely an illustration of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart can be rearranged based on design preferences. Further, some blocks can be combined or omitted. The attached method claims provide the elements of each block in a sample order, but are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0200] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but to conform to the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein the elements mentioned in the singular are not intended to mean "one and only one", unless specifically so stated, but "one or more". Terms such as "if", "when ......" and "while ......" should be interpreted as "under the conditions of ......", rather than meaning an immediate time relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when ......", do not mean an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if the conditions are met, then the action will occur, but no specific or immediate time limit is required for the occurrence of the action. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "used as an example, instance, or illustration". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or having advantages over other aspects. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout the disclosure that are known or later become known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be disclosed to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. Words such as "module," "mechanism," "element," "device," etc. cannot replace the word "component." Therefore, no claim element will be interpreted as a part-plus-function unless the element is explicitly recited using the phrase "component for..."

[0201] Example aspects

[0202] The following examples are merely illustrative and may be combined with aspects of other embodiments or teachings described herein, but are not limited thereto.

[0203] Embodiment 1 is a method for performing wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising: outputting beam information of a receive beam for sending to a network node; obtaining signaling from the network node via a beam pair including the receive beam and the transmit beam; and outputting a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam for sending to the network node.

[0204] Embodiment 2 is a method according to embodiment 1, wherein the beam information and the measurement of the signaling are output for transmission in the same communication.

[0205] Embodiment 3 is a method according to any one of embodiments 1 and 2, wherein the beam information includes one or more of a beam pattern of the receive beam, an identifier of the receive beam, an orientation of the UE, and a rate change of the UE.

[0206] Embodiment 4 is a method according to embodiment 3, wherein the beam pattern includes a directional gain of the receive beam across one or more of an azimuth angle of arrival (AOA) and a zenith angle of arrival (ZOA).

[0207] Embodiment 5 is a method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the receiving beam is a first receiving beam, and wherein the method further includes: obtaining the signaling from the network node via a second receiving beam; and outputting a measurement of the signaling from the angle of the second receiving beam for sending to the network node.

[0208] Embodiment 6 is a method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the measurement of the signaling is a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement formatted using a common format, and wherein before outputting the measurement for sending to the network node, the one or more processors are further configured to: measure the signaling using a first format; and convert the first format into the common format.

[0209] Embodiment 7 is a method according to embodiment 6, wherein the common format is a heat map with a common reference orientation.

[0210] Embodiment 8 is a method according to embodiment 6, wherein the common format is an omni-directional antenna RSRP measurement format.

[0211] Embodiment 9 is the method of embodiment 6, wherein the method further comprises outputting an error rate associated with converting the first format to the common format for sending to the network node.

[0212] Embodiment 10 is a method for performing wireless communications at a user equipment (UE), comprising: obtaining signaling from a network node via a receive beam, wherein the signaling is obtained via one or more transmit beams; and outputting an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam for sending to the network node.

[0213] Embodiment 11 is a method according to embodiment 10, wherein the method further comprises: obtaining configuration information of the machine learning algorithm from the network node.

[0214] Embodiment 12 is a method according to any one of Embodiments 10 and 11, wherein the receiving beam is a first receiving beam, and wherein the method further includes: obtaining the signaling from the network node via a second receiving beam; measuring: (i) a first reference signal received power (RSRP) of the signaling received from the first receiving beam, and (i) a second RSRP of the signaling received from the second receiving beam; and calibrating the second RSRP to normalize the second RSRP using the first RSRP.

[0215] Embodiment 13 is a method according to any one of embodiments 10 to 12, wherein the first transmit beam is predicted by a machine learning algorithm using beam information of the receive beam.

[0216] Embodiment 14 is a method according to embodiment 13, wherein the beam information includes one or more of a beam pattern of the receive beam, an identifier of the receive beam, an orientation of the UE, and a rate change of the UE.

[0217] Embodiment 15 is a method according to embodiment 14, wherein the beam pattern includes a directional gain of the receive beam across one or more of an azimuth angle of arrival (AOA) and a zenith angle of arrival (ZOA).

[0218] Embodiment 16 is a method according to any one of embodiments 10 to 15, wherein the first transmit beam is predicted by a machine learning algorithm, and wherein the input of the machine learning algorithm is defined by a common format predefined or indicated by the network node.

[0219] Embodiment 17 is a method according to embodiment 16, wherein the common format is a heat map with a common reference orientation.

[0220] Embodiment 18 is a method according to embodiment 16, wherein the common format is an omni-directional antenna RSRP measurement format, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to: convert the obtained signaling reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement to the common format.

[0221] Embodiment 19 is a method according to embodiment 18, wherein the machine learning algorithm is configured to predict a switching error of the first transmit beam.

[0222] Embodiment 20 is a method according to any one of embodiments 10 to 19, wherein the indication of the first transmit beam includes one or more of an RSRP associated with the first transmit beam or a beam identifier of the first transmit beam.

[0223] Embodiment 21 is a method according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 20, wherein the receive beam is a first receive beam, and wherein the method further includes: predicting a second receive beam for communicating with the first transmit beam, wherein both the first transmit beam and the second receive beam are predicted by a machine learning algorithm; and outputting an indication of the second receive beam for sending to the network node.

[0224] Embodiment 22 is a method for wireless communication at a network node, comprising: obtaining beam information of a receive beam from a user equipment (UE); outputting signaling to the UE; and obtaining, from the UE, a measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam.

[0225] Embodiment 23 is a method according to embodiment 22, wherein the beam information is obtained in the same transmission as the measurement of the signaling.

[0226] Embodiment 24 is a method according to any one of embodiments 22 and 23, wherein the beam information includes one or more of a beam pattern of the receive beam, an identifier of the receive beam, an orientation of the UE, and a rate change of the UE.

[0227] Embodiment 25 is a method according to embodiment 24, wherein the beam pattern includes a directional gain of the receive beam across one or more of an azimuth angle of arrival (AOA) and a zenith angle of arrival (ZOA).

[0228] Embodiment 26 is a method for wireless communication by a network node, comprising: outputting signaling via one or more transmit beams for transmission to a user equipment (UE); and obtaining from the UE an indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on measurements of the signaling.

[0229] Embodiment 27 is a method according to embodiment 26, wherein the method further comprises: outputting configuration information of a machine learning algorithm for predicting the first transmit beam for sending to the UE.

[0230] Embodiment 28 is a method according to embodiment 27, wherein the first transmit beam is predicted by the machine learning algorithm, and wherein the method further comprises: outputting a common format to be used as input to the machine learning algorithm for sending to the UE.

[0231] Embodiment 29 is a UE, comprising: a transceiver; a memory, the memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the instructions to cause the UE to perform a method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the transceiver is configured to: send the beam information of the received beam; receive signaling from the network node; and send the measurement of the signaling.

[0232] Embodiment 30 is a UE, comprising: a transceiver; a memory, the memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the instructions so that the UE performs a method according to any one of embodiments 10 to 21, wherein the transceiver is configured to: receive signaling from the network node; and send the indication of the first transmit beam.

[0233] Embodiment 31 is a network node, comprising: a transceiver; a memory, the memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the instructions and cause the network node to perform a method according to any one of embodiments 22 to 25, wherein the transceiver is configured to: receive the beam information; send the signaling to the UE; and receive the measurement of the signaling.

[0234] Embodiment 32 is a network node, comprising: a transceiver; a memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the instructions and cause the network node to perform a method according to any one of embodiments 26 to 28, wherein the transceiver is configured to: send the signaling; and receive the indication of the first transmit beam.

[0235] Embodiment 33 is a device for wireless communication, comprising: a component for executing the method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 9.

[0236] Embodiment 34 is a device for wireless communication, comprising: a component for executing the method according to any one of embodiments 10 to 21.

[0237] Embodiment 35 is a device for wireless communication, comprising: a component for executing the method according to any one of Embodiments 22 to 25.

[0238] Embodiment 36 is a device for wireless communication, comprising: a component for executing the method according to any one of Embodiments 26 to 28.

[0239] Embodiment 37 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9.

[0240] Embodiment 38 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the method according to any one of embodiments 10 to 21.

[0241] Embodiment 39 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the method according to any one of embodiments 22 to 25.

[0242] Embodiment 40 is a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions, which, when executed by a device, cause the device to perform the method according to any one of embodiments 26 to 28.

[0243] Embodiment 41 is a device for performing wireless communications, comprising: a memory, the memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the instructions so that the device performs a method according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 9.

[0244] Embodiment 42 is a device for performing wireless communications, comprising: a memory, the memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to execute the instructions so that the device performs a method according to any one of Embodiments 10 to 21.

[0245] Embodiment 43 is a device for performing wireless communications, comprising: a memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the instructions so that the device performs a method according to any one of Embodiments 22 to 25.

[0246] Embodiment 44 is a device for performing wireless communications, comprising: a memory comprising instructions; and one or more processors, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the instructions so that the device performs a method according to any one of Embodiments 26 to 28.

Claims

1. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, comprising: a memory including instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to: Outputting beam information of the receiving beam for sending to a network node; obtaining signaling from the network node via a beam pair including the receive beam and the transmit beam; as well as A measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam is output for sending to the network node.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the beam information and the measurements of the signaling are output for transmission in the same communication. 3 . The device of claim 1 , wherein the beam information comprises one or more of a beam pattern of the receive beam, an identifier of the receive beam, an orientation of the device, and a velocity change of the device.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the beam pattern comprises a directional gain of the receive beam across one or more of an azimuth angle of arrival (AOA) and a zenith angle of arrival (ZOA).

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the receive beam is a first receive beam, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to: obtaining the signaling from the network node via a second receive beam; and A measurement of the signaling from an angle of the second receive beam is output for transmission to the network node.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the measurement of the signaling is a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement formatted using a common format, and wherein prior to the outputting the measurement for transmission to the network node, the one or more processors are further configured to: measuring the signaling using a first format; and The first format is converted to the common format. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the common format is a heat map having a common reference orientation.

8. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the common format is an omni-directional antenna RSRP measurement format.

9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to: An error rate associated with converting the first format to the common format is output for sending to the network node.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: A transceiver, the transceiver being configured to: sending the beam information; receiving the signaling from the network node; as well as The measurements of the signaling are sent, wherein the apparatus is configured as a user equipment (UE).

11. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, comprising: a memory including instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to: Obtaining beam information of a receive beam from a user equipment (UE); Outputting signaling to the UE; as well as A measurement of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam is obtained from the UE.

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the beam information and the measurements of the signaling are obtained in the same communication.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the beam information comprises one or more of a beam pattern of the receive beam, an identifier of the receive beam, an orientation of the UE, and a velocity change of the UE.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the beam pattern comprises a directional gain of the receive beam across one or more of an azimuth angle of arrival (AOA) and a zenith angle of arrival (ZOA).

15. The apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising: A transceiver, the transceiver being configured to: receiving the beam information; Sending signaling to the UE; as well as The measurements of the signaling are obtained, wherein the apparatus is configured as a network node.

16. An apparatus configured for wireless communication, comprising: a memory including instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to: Obtaining signaling from a network node via a receive beam and one or more transmit beams; as well as An indication of a first transmit beam predicted based on measurements of the signaling from an angle of the receive beam is output for sending to the network node.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to: Configuration information of a machine learning algorithm is obtained from the network node.

18. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the receive beam is a first receive beam, and wherein the one or more processors are further configured to cause the apparatus to: obtaining the signaling from the network node via a second receive beam; measuring a first reference signal received power (RSRP) of the signaling received from the first receive beam and a second RSRP of the signaling received from the second receive beam; as well as The second RSRP is calibrated to normalize the second RSRP with the first RSRP.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the first transmit beam is predicted by a machine learning algorithm using beam information of the receive beam.

20. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising: A transceiver, the transceiver being configured to: receiving the signaling from the network node; as well as The indication of the first transmit beam is transmitted, wherein the apparatus is configured as a user equipment (UE).

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