Coherent carrier aggregation for positioning

Abstract

Aspects presented herein can improve the accuracy and performance of UE positioning by enabling a positioning entity to apply carrier aggregation to the transmission of positioning reference signals. In one aspect, a UE receives (1320) a first indication of a CGPA, where the CGPA is associated with one or more transmit attributes including at least one of a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference. The UE receives (1322) a second indication of an association between a set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs. The UE performs (1326) a set of positioning measurements for the set of RSs based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of Greek application serial number 20220100611, filed on July 28, 2022, entitled “COHERENT CARRIER AGGREGATION FOR POSITIONING”, the entire text of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to positioning systems, and more particularly to positioning systems with respect to carrier aggregation. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a city, country, region, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5GNR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC). Certain aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. It is necessary to further improve 5G NR technology. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the invention

[0006] A simplified summary of one or more aspects is presented below to provide a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not an extensive review of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies the key or important elements of all aspects, nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus receives a first indication of a coherent group positioning aggregation (CGPA), wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference. The apparatus receives a second indication of an association between a reference signal (RS) set and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the RS set to one of the one or more CGPAs. The apparatus performs a positioning measurement set for the RS set based on the association between the RS set and the one or more CGPAs.

[0008] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus receives a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference. The apparatus sends a second indication of an association between a set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs. The apparatus sends the set of RSs based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs.

[0009] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus sends a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference. The apparatus sends or receives a second indication of an association between an RS set and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the RS set to one of the one or more CGPAs. The apparatus sends or receives the RS set based on the association between the RS set and the one or more CGPAs.

[0010] To achieve the aforementioned and related purposes, one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some exemplary features of one or more aspects. However, these features indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects can be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0012] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0017] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurement.

[0018] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example carrier aggregation transmitter architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example carrier aggregation transmitter architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating an example carrier aggregation transmitter architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example carrier aggregation transmitter architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example coherent carrier aggregation transmitter architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating an example coherent carrier aggregation receiver architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating example coherent carrier aggregation of positioning reference signals across different time and frequency resources according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig.12 is a diagram illustrating example elements of coherent group position aggregation (CGPA) according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig.13 is a communication flow illustrating an example signaling scheme for downlink positioning aggregation according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Fig.14 is a communication flow illustrating an example signaling scheme for uplink positioning aggregation according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Fig.15 is a communication flow illustrating an example signaling scheme for sidelink positioning aggregation according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Fig.16 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0030] Fig.17 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0031] Fig.18 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations for example apparatuses and / or network entities.

[0032] Fig.19 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0033] Fig. 20 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0034] Fig.21 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations for example apparatuses and / or network entities.

[0035] Fig. 22 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0036] Fig.23 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication.

[0037] Fig.24 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations for example apparatuses and / or network entities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] Various aspects presented herein can improve the accuracy and performance of UE positioning by enabling a positioning entity (e.g., UE, base station, TRP, etc.) associated with UE positioning to apply carrier aggregation (CA) to the transmission of positioning reference signals (e.g., DL-PRS, UL-SRS, and / or sidelink reference signals (SL RS), etc.), so that a wider frequency band / bandwidth can be used to transmit positioning reference signals. Various aspects presented herein also provide a variety of signaling schemes to enable the use of composite waveforms across component carriers (CCs) on DL transmissions, UL transmissions, and SL transmissions. Various aspects presented herein also provide an RF architecture that can achieve phase alignment specified for the composite waveform. Certain baseband processing mechanisms associated with the composite waveform are also provided to ensure gain from the composite waveform.

[0039] The specific embodiments described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are descriptions of various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. In order to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid blurring such concepts.

[0040] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatuses and methods. These apparatuses and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether these elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0041] As an example, an element or any part of an element or any combination of elements may be implemented as a "processing system", which includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on chips (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic components, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout the present disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0042] Thus, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases, the described functionality may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functionality may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. As an example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0043] Although various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by the illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, specific implementations and use cases may be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases can be generated via integrated chip specific implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical equipment, artificial intelligence (AI) enabled devices, etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, the described examples may have a wide range of applicability. Various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases can be in the range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level specific implementations, and further to the range of aggregated, distributed or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems in conjunction with one or more technologies herein. In some actual settings, the equipment combined with the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.) The various techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0044] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or a network equipment (such as a base station (BS) or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality) can be implemented in an aggregated or decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0045] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit.

[0046] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configuration such as that initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0047] Figure 1 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0048] Each of the units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interfaces of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface that is configured to receive signals or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive and / or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0049] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RA configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signaling.

[0050] DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least in part according to a functional split such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0051] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RU 140 controlled by the DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on a functional split (such as a lower layer functional split). In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the DU 130 and the CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0052] The SMO framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0053] The non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 125 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and O-eNBs with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0054] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0055] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Therefore, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to indicate that each component may be included in the base station 102 or may not be included in the base station). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.) bandwidth. These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be equivalent to DL and UL asymmetric (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL than to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0056] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0057] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, e.g., in a 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum, etc. When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available prior to communication.

[0058] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5GNR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as the "below 6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming problem sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0059] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and therefore the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (71GHz-114.25GHz) and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0060] In view of the above, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "sub-6 GHz" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0061] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may send a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also send a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal receive direction and transmit direction for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit direction and receive direction of the base station 102 may be the same or different. The transmit direction and receive direction of the UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0062] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit receive point (TRP), a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable term. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A set of base stations that may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0063] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is a control node that processes signaling between UE 104 and the core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity processing, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, position determination entity (PDE), serving mobile location center (SMLC), mobile positioning center (MPC), etc. GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. LMF 166 receives measurement and assistance information from NG-RAN and UE 104 via AMF 161 to calculate the location of UE 104. NG-RAN may determine the location of UE 104 using one or more positioning methods. Positioning UE 104 may involve signal measurements, position estimation, and optional speed calculation based on these measurements. Signal measurements may be performed by UE 104 and / or serving base station 102. The measured signals may be based on a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors.

[0064] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare equipment, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional devices. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, mobile phones, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more supporting devices, such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0065] Reference again Figure 1In some aspects, the UE 104 may be configured to receive a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference; receive a second indication of an association between a set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs; and perform a set of positioning measurements for the set of RSs based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs (e.g., via the CGPA indication and processing component 198). In some aspects, the UE 104 may be configured to receive a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference; send a second indication of an association between a set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs; and send the set of RSs based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs (e.g., via the CGPA indication and processing component 198). In certain aspects, the base station 102 may be configured to send a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmit attributes including at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference; send or receive a second indication of an association between a set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs; and send or receive the set of RSs based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs (e.g., via the CGPA indication and processing component 199).

[0066] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D FIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL, or may be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A , Figure 2CIn the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0 to 61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all DL and all UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2 to 61 include a mix of DL, UL and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with the slot format through the received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured through DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured through radio resource control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0067] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10ms) may be divided into 10 subframes of equal size (1ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a microslot, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For a normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbol on the DL may be a CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbol. The symbol on the UL may be a CP-OFDM symbol (for high throughput scenarios) or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol (also known as a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol) (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the parameter set. The parameter set defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) and effectively defines the symbol length / duration, which is equal to 1 / SCS.

[0068]

[0069] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ 0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Therefore, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2μ*15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D An example is provided for a normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and a parameter set μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is about 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0070] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0071] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0072] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring opportunity on a CORESET, wherein the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identification. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and the radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not sent via the PBCH (such as a system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0073] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may send a DM-RS for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a DM-RS for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be sent in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be sent in different configurations. The UE may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0074] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may be used to carry, among other things, a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0075] Figure 3 375. The Controller / Processor 375 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in an access network communicating with a UE 350. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0076] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-order phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-order quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially pre-coded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates may be derived from reference signals and / or channel condition feedback sent by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0077] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the RX processor 356. The RX processor 356 then uses a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbol on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation point most likely to be sent by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on the channel estimate calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by the base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to a controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0078] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0079] Similar to the functions described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0080] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 based on a reference signal or feedback sent by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0081] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the RX processor 370.

[0082] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0083] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to combine Figure 1 The CGPA indicates and processes components 198 to perform various aspects.

[0084] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to combine Figure 1 The CGPA indicates and processes components 199 to perform various aspects.

[0085] Figure 4 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurements (which may also be referred to as “network-based positioning”) according to various aspects of the present disclosure. UE 404 may be at time T SRS_TX UL-SRS 412 is sent and at time T PRS_RX A DL positioning reference signal (PRS) (DL-PRS) 410 is received. TRP 406 may be at time T SRS_RX Receive UL-SRS 412 and at time T PRS_TX 410. UE 404 may receive DL-PRS 410 before transmitting UL-SRS 412, or may transmit UL-SRS 412 before receiving DL-PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server 168) or UE 404 may determine the UL-SRS 412 based on ||T SRS RX -T PRS_TX |-|T SRS_TX -T PRS_RX || determines RTT 414. Thus, multi-RTT positioning may utilize UE Rx-Tx time difference measurements (i.e., |T SRS_TX -T PRS_RX |) and DL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL-PRS-RSRP), and the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurement (ie, |T SRS_RX -T PRS_TX|) and UL-SRS-RSRP. UE 404 measures UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and / or DL-PRS-RSRP of received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server, and TRP 402, 406 measures gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurement (and / or UL-SRS-RSRP of received signals) using assistance data received from the positioning server. These measurements may be used at the positioning server or UE 404 to determine RTT, which is used to estimate the position of UE 404. Other methods for determining RTT are possible, such as, for example, using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0086] DL-AoD positioning may utilize the measured DL-PRS-RSRP of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements, along with the departure azimuth angle (A-AoD), departure zenith angle (Z-AoD), and other configuration information, are used to position the UE 404 relative to neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0087] DL-TDOA positioning may utilize DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) (and / or DL-PRS-RSRP) of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL RSTD (and / or DL-PRS-RSRP) of the received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to position the UE 404 relative to neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0088] UL-TDOA positioning may utilize the UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) (and / or UL-SRS-RSRP) of uplink signals sent from UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. TRPs 402, 406 measure the UL-RTOA (and / or UL-SRS-RSRP) of received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the position of UE 404.

[0089] UL-AoA positioning may utilize the measured azimuth angle of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) of uplink signals sent from the UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the A-AoA and Z-AoA of the received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the position of the UE 404.

[0090] Additional positioning methods may be used to estimate the position of the UE 404, such as, for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. Note that data / measurements from various techniques may be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, determine and / or enhance certainty, supplement / complement measurements and / or replace / provide missing information. For the purposes of this disclosure, the suffixes "based on" and "assisted" may refer to a node that is responsible for performing positioning calculations (and may also provide measurements) and a node that provides measurements (but may not perform positioning calculations), respectively. For example, operations in which a UE provides measurements to a base station / positioning entity for use in calculating a position estimate may be described as "UE-assisted", "UE-assisted positioning" and / or "UE-assisted position calculation", while operations in which a UE calculates its own position may be described as "UE-based", "UE-based positioning" and / or "UE-based position calculation".

[0091] The various aspects presented herein can improve the accuracy and performance of UE positioning by enabling a positioning entity associated with UE positioning (e.g., UE, base station, TRP, etc.) to apply carrier aggregation (CA) to the transmission of positioning reference signals (e.g., DL-PRS, UL-SRS and / or sidelink reference signals (SL RS), etc.) so that a wider frequency band / bandwidth can be used to transmit the positioning reference signals.

[0092] In some scenarios, more accurate distance and / or timing estimates for UE positioning may be obtained when using wider signals (e.g., reference signals with higher / wider bandwidths) than narrower signals (e.g., reference signals with lower / narrower bandwidths). For example, a UE positioning session using a reference signal with a 200 MHz bandwidth may achieve higher positioning accuracy than a UE positioning session using a reference signal with a 20 MHz bandwidth.

[0093] Carrier aggregation is a technique used in wireless communications to increase the data rate per user, whereby multiple component carriers (CCs) may be assigned to the same user. Carrier aggregation may therefore provide a wider bandwidth than each component carrier. Therefore, if carrier aggregation can be applied to UE positioning to increase the bandwidth of the positioning signal, more accurate timing and / or distance estimates for UE positioning may be achieved, such as by estimating the distance and / or timing to each component carrier and then averaging these estimates (or taking the earlier timing between the two estimates). In addition, if composite waveforms may be used for searcher / cross-correlation operations associated with carrier aggregation (e.g., waveforms across different CCs may be combined or aligned on the physical layer), further improvements to UE positioning may be achieved.

[0094] However, applying carrier aggregation to UE positioning (or to positioning signals) may specify phase coherence across CCs, and the receiver (e.g., an entity that is receiving positioning reference signals) is aware of the phase coherence. In some examples, phase coherence may be achieved using a common local oscillator (LO) (e.g., an electronic oscillator used with a mixer to change the frequency of a signal) and a phase-locked loop (PLL) (e.g., a feedback control system that automatically adjusts the phase of a locally generated signal to match the phase of an input signal) across multiple CCs, where signaling from a transmitter (e.g., an entity that is sending a positioning reference signal) may be specified for the receiver to know.

[0095] Various aspects presented herein provide a variety of signaling schemes to enable the use of composite waveforms across CCs on DL transmissions, UL transmissions, and SL transmissions. Various aspects presented herein also provide an RF architecture that can achieve phase alignment specified for the composite waveform. Certain baseband processing mechanisms associated with the composite waveform are also provided to ensure gain from the composite waveform.

[0096] In one aspect, assuming that {c k A positioning reference signal (e.g., PRS, SRS, or SL RS) of a sequence is received by a receiver (e.g., UE, base station, etc.), p(t) is used as the shape of the pulse shaping filter, τ is used as the timing offset and the residual frequency error, and multipath and multiple positioning reference signal sources are ignored, then the timing estimate of the positioning reference signal can be determined based on the following formula:

[0097]

[0098] In some examples, {c k The sequence can be placed directly in the frequency domain (e.g., in an OFDM system) and then transformed to the time domain. corr =N corr T c The receiver searcher / cross-correlation process, for each of the hypotheses of timing offset τ′:

[0099]

[0100] Positioning reference signal sequence {c k The randomness of} means that when k′≠k,

[0101]

[0102] To determine the accuracy of the timing estimate, when τ < < T c hour, R p(τ-τ′)=∫p(t-τ)p * (t-τ′)dt is used as the correlation function of the pulse. Generally speaking, R p (τ′) is maximum at τ′=0, so when τ′=0; Near τ′=0 R p The decrease of (τ′) is due to E[A(τ′)] can be a key term for analytical accuracy.

[0103] In one example, assuming τ = 0, the timing accuracy can be largely determined by Or consider the noise, The above can achieve chip duration T c The accuracy of part of the corr Can be beneficial and more acute can also be beneficial (e.g., this can come from a narrower R p (τ′)). Therefore, by using the carrier phase Much better timing and / or range estimates are obtained. In some scenarios, separate methods may be specified to overcome multiple 2π ambiguities in phase estimates.

[0104] The above analysis means that when the integral length is N corr In the case of (The estimate of τ′) has the following variance

[0105]

[0106] The Cramer-Rao (CR) lower bound (CRLB) provides a lower estimate of the variance of an unbiased estimator. The CRLB is:

[0107]

[0108] Both can show the same trend in the analysis below. According to either formula, in the case of two (2) carriers but independent timing estimation: In case of two (2) carriers and joint timing estimation:

[0109] The gain from the coherent waveform can be seen. In some examples, taking the minimum of the two timing estimates may not be constrained by CRLB due to the bias, but similar results may still be achieved.

[0110] In one aspect, when the chip timing offset τ is common to both CCs and the carrier phase and At least T corr When the received signal is stable within the duration of , the two CCs can be aggregated using phase alignment. In one example, the received signal can be modeled as follows:

[0111]

[0112] r(t) can be processed jointly by the receiver together with f1 and f2 based on the following equation:

[0113]

[0114] This assumes that a1 = a2, which may be true if the two carriers are close in frequency and each carrier is wide enough to average out frequency selective fading (processing mechanisms are discussed below without this assumption). The common τ is unknown and is specified to be estimated. and are all known to the receiver. If and If neither is known, they can be specified to be stable over the duration of the relevant time (the corresponding processing is discussed below). For the gain using a composite waveform, not only is E[A]≈a(2N corr )R p (τ), and a sharper R as a function of τ p (τ). This comparison can be analogous to the comparison between coherent and incoherent combining in demodulation.

[0115] In one example, individual receiver processing may first be applied for each carrier:

[0116]

[0117] same,

[0118]

[0119] Without knowledge of the relative transmit signal strengths and phases, the receiver can identify a1, a2, and τ', so that |A1(τ')+A2(τ')| can be maximized. In some examples, knowledge of relative strength and phase can be used to constrain the above identification. In both cases, the calculation can achieve a sharper R with less signaling. p (τ) gain.

[0120] In some network implementations, PRS resources may be configured across multiple frequency layers, which may reside in multiple bandwidth parts (BWPs) in the same CC, or in multiple CCs that may be contiguous, non-contiguous but in the same frequency band or in different frequency bands. In some examples, there may be existing specifications for timing errors between multiple frequency layers. For example, for multiple frequency layers in multiple BWPs in the same CC, phase coherence may be assumed to be on the DL but not on the UL. For multiple BWPs across multiple CCs, the timing specifications may be very loose and useless in terms of phase coherence. For example, the tightest time adjustment error (e.g., for BS type 2-0) may be 130 nanoseconds (ns) for contiguous carrier aggregation, 260ns for non-contiguous intra-band carrier aggregation, and 1 and / or 3 microseconds (μs) for inter-band carrier aggregation, etc. These specifications may be driven primarily by physical and MAC processing for data communications, where the processing of each CC may be independent. In some examples, due to the presence of phase noise, such as at higher frequencies (e.g., GHz bands and mmWave), a receiver may not be able to assume phase coherence across different CCs. Thus, various aspects presented herein may show that phase coherence across BWPs and CCs is feasible, where a variety of signaling may be used to enable the use of composite waveforms to achieve phase coherence.

[0121] Figure 5 5 is a diagram illustrating an example carrier aggregation transmitter architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In one example, a transmitter (e.g., UE) may have one power amplifier (PA) connected to a single radio frequency (RF) chain, wherein the RF chain may include a baseband processor, an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) module (e.g., a wideband IFFT that calculates a discrete inverse fast Fourier transform of a variable), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) (e.g., a wideband DAC), a mixer (e.g., a zero-IF mixer), and a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier (PA). In this configuration, the transmitter may perform carrier aggregation for intra-band contiguous CCs.

[0122] Figure 6 600 is a diagram illustrating an example carrier aggregation transmitter architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In another example, the transmitter may have one power amplifier (PA) and two IFFT modules, after which the transmitter combines the analog baseband waveforms from the CCs (e.g., via a mixer operating at an intermediate frequency (IF) that is approximately the bandwidth of another component carrier). The resulting wideband signal is then up-converted to RF. In this configuration, the transmitter can perform carrier aggregation for both intra-band contiguous CCs and non-contiguous CCs.

[0123] Figure 7700 is a diagram illustrating an example carrier aggregation transmitter architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In another example, the transmitter may be configured to perform zero intermediate frequency (ZIF) up-conversion of each CC (e.g., no intermediate stage of RF conversion between baseband and RF bands) before combining and feeding into a single PA. In this configuration, the transmitter may also perform carrier aggregation for both contiguous CCs and non-contiguous CCs within the band.

[0124] Figure 8 800 is a diagram illustrating an example carrier aggregation transmitter architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In another example, the transmitter may employ multiple RF chains and multiple PAs, after which the high power signals are combined and fed into a single antenna. PA coupling at the transmitter may be challenging for this configuration. However, in this configuration, the transmitter may perform carrier aggregation for both intra-band contiguous CCs and non-contiguous CCs and also for inter-band non-contiguous CCs.

[0125] Fig. 9 900 is a diagram illustrating an example coherent carrier aggregation transmitter architecture in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. For purposes of the present disclosure, coherence may refer to a property of a relationship between physical quantities of a single waveform or between multiple waveforms. For example, two waveforms may be coherent if they have a constant relative phase, or if they have a zero or constant phase difference and the same frequency.

[0126] In one example, a composite waveform across multiple carriers / BWPs may be generated using an architecture with a single local oscillator (LO) for multiple carriers / BWPs. Figure 5 An extension of the described carrier aggregation transmitter architecture can be configured by keeping all parts of the transmitter from D / A (e.g., DAC) onwards and replacing the specification of a single FFT with a relaxed condition for digital signal generation. Digital signal generation can be feasible by the base station for multiple BWPs. Digital signal generation can also be feasible by the UE for multiple BWPs or contiguous CCs. For non-contiguous intra-band CCs, this architecture is still feasible if the PLL and oscillator can handle the wide signal bandwidth.

[0127] Fig.10 is a diagram 1000 illustrating an example coherent carrier aggregation receiver architecture according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Figures 5 to 9 The various aspects described are primarily focused on the transmitter side, but there may be some similarities to the architecture of a carrier aggregation receiver. For example, one key similarity is that there may be a single RF source (e.g., a single LO) for multiple "carriers." If the multiple LOs can be phase aligned, this architecture can also be used to generate phase-coherent waveforms.

[0128] Fig.111 is a diagram illustrating an example coherent carrier aggregation of positioning reference signals (e.g., PRS, SRS, SL RS, etc.) on different time and frequency resources according to various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown at 1102, a transmitter (e.g., entity A) can be configured to transmit a first reference signal (PRS / SRS / SL RS1) based on a first time and frequency resource h(f1, t1) and a second reference signal (PRS / SRS / SL RS2) based on a second time and frequency resource h(f2, t2) to a receiver (e.g., entity B). In one example, as shown at 1104, if the second time and frequency resource h(f2, t2) is shifted to align with the first time and frequency resource h(f1, t1) at h(f2, t1) (e.g., a frequency and time resource that overlaps with h(f1, t1) in time and with h(f2, t2) in frequency), h(f2, t1) can be a timestamp or time drift information (δ) based on the phase slope. B ), the phase offset may depend on many factors, the amplitude offset and / or the maximum timing coherence in the case of using different PAs, etc. to be related to h(f2, t2). Therefore, as shown at 1106, h(f2, t1) may be related to h(f2, t2) based on:

[0129]

[0130] ∈2-∈1=t2-t1-R·(TOD2-TOD1),

[0131] in

[0132]

[0133] So that as shown at 1108,

[0134]

[0135] A UE may be configured with multiple frequency layers. In each frequency layer, there may be multiple transmit receive points (TRPs), each of which may have multiple resources. Phase coherence information may be delivered to the UE in a variety of ways (e.g., by a base station). For example, in one aspect of the present disclosure, for a TRP, if the phase is consistent across the resources in each frequency layer, the network (e.g., a serving base station or a location server) may be specified to only signal the UE whether the TRP has different phases across the layers. For example, the network may send this information to the UE in a list of Boolean indicators for each pair of frequency layers for the TRP and / or in an (n-1) bit array for n frequency layers ordered from low frequency to high frequency, where the nth bit is set to one (1) if the (n+1)th layer is phase coherent with the nth layer, and is set to zero (0) otherwise.

[0136] In another aspect of the present disclosure, for a TRP, if the phase changes across resources, the network may signal to the UE whether the TRP has different phases across different resources and layers. The network may deliver this information to the UE in one or more lists, each of which may summarize a set of frequency layers and resources that are phase coherent. The set of lists may not be exhaustive. For example, if resource n of a first frequency layer (layer 1) and resource m of a second frequency layer (layer 2) are not in a list (e.g., a common list), the UE may consider these resources to be not phase coherent.

[0137] In another aspect of the present disclosure, in order to achieve coherent carrier aggregation for positioning (e.g., between multiple Tx / Rx positioning entities), a coherent (or coherence) group positioning aggregation (CGPA) or simply a coherent / coherence group (CG) may be defined for a positioning aggregation layer associated with a CG identifier (ID) (CG-ID), so that one or more PRS resources (e.g., in UL, DL, or SL), PRS resource sets, positioning frequency layers (PFL) may be characterized / parameterized by one or more attributes between two positioning time and frequency resources (e.g., PRS, SRS, SL RS, etc.), such as in combination with Fig.11 Described. For the purposes of this disclosure, a positioning frequency layer (PFL) (which may also be referred to as a "frequency layer") may refer to a set of one or more PRS resource sets with the same values ​​for certain parameters across one or more TRPs. Specifically, the set of PRS resource sets may have the same subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) type (e.g., meaning that all parameter sets supported for PDSCH are also supported for PRS), the same downlink PRS bandwidth value, the same starting PRB (and center frequency) and / or the same comb size, etc. In some examples, the downlink PRS bandwidth may have a granularity of four PRBs, a minimum of 24 PRBs and a maximum of 272 PRBs. In other examples, up to four frequency layers have been configured, and up to two PRS resource sets may be configured per frequency layer per TRP. In some examples, the concept of frequency layers may be similar to CCs and BWPs, where CCs and BWPs may be used by one base station (or a macrocell base station and a small cell base station) to send data channels, and frequency layers may be used by multiple (e.g., two or more) base stations to send PRS. The UE may indicate the number of frequency layers it can support when the UE transmits its positioning capabilities to the network (such as during a positioning protocol session). For example, the UE may indicate whether it can support one or four PFLs.

[0138] Fig.121200 is a diagram illustrating example elements of CGPA / CG according to various aspects of the present disclosure. If h1 (e.g., a channel for transmitting a first positioning signal) and h2 (e.g., a channel for transmitting a second positioning signal) are channels / ports of reference signal resources (e.g., PRS / SRS / SL RS resources, PRS / SRS / SL RS resource sets and / or PFL, etc.) associated with the same CG (or corresponding CG-ID), the relationship between h1 and h2 can be based on (If combined Fig.11 For example, a CG associated with a CG-ID for positioning an aggregation layer may include one or more PRS resources, PRS resource sets, PFLs (e.g., in UL, DL, or SL) associated with one or more transmission attributes, such that a channel inferable from one of the transmission attributes (e.g., elements) of the CG may be related to any other transmission attributes of the same CG as follows:

[0139] (1) The phase slope parameter (R) in the frequency domain (the phase slope parameter can also be specified as the transmitter's time drift parameter (δ B )), such as shown at 1202;

[0140] (2) a phase offset parameter (θ), which may be common across frequency (and may also be referred to as a phase discontinuity, such as shown at 1204);

[0141] (3) an amplitude offset (A), such as shown at 1206;

[0142] (4) the maximum timing coherence or time difference between the transmission times of the two (2) elements of the CG such that the above parameters (e.g., phase slope, phase offset, and / or amplitude offset) are valid (e.g., |t2-t1|≤maximum timing coherence), such as shown at 1208, and in some examples, the maximum timing coherence or time difference may also be used for integrity determination purposes;

[0143] (5) a transmit time difference (TOD2-TOD1), which may also be referred to as a real time difference (RTD) between two PRS / SRS resources, such as shown at 1210; and / or

[0144] (6) The standard deviation of one or more of the parameters (1) to (5), for example, for positive and negative values ​​of phase slope, phase offset and / or amplitude offset, etc.

[0145] Thus, for resources within the same CG or associated with the same CG-ID, these resources may be related to each other based on at least one of the above parameters. For example, when two PRSs are within the same CG, this may indicate that the second PRS is transmitted with an X amplitude offset, a Y phase slope, and / or a Z phase offset, etc. In another example, when two SRSs are within the same CG, this may indicate that a constant value for maximum timing coherence or transmission time difference is applied.

[0146] In some examples, the amplitude offset (3) can be frequency dependent, or valid in portions of the frequency band (e.g., not valid at the edges of the corresponding channel / frequency band). For example, the amplitude (A) can be configured to depend on the frequency (f2) of the second PRS / SRS / SL RS, such that For example, for different frequencies, different amplitudes are applied. In another example, the amplitude (A) may be configured to be valid over portions of the frequency and invalid in the edges of the corresponding channel. For example, the amplitude may be valid for the center eight (8) MHz of the frequency band, but invalid for frequencies outside the eight MHz band.

[0147] Similarly, in some examples, the phase offset (2) may also be frequency dependent or only valid in portions of frequency (e.g., not valid at the edges of the corresponding channel). For example, the phase offset (θ) may be configured to depend on the frequency (f2) of the second PRS / SRS such that For example, for different frequencies, different phase offsets are applied. In another example, the phase offset may be configured to be effective on portions of the frequency and ineffective in the edges of the corresponding channel. For example, the phase offset may be effective for a frequency band, but ineffective for frequencies outside the frequency band.

[0148] As discussed above, in order to apply coherent carrier aggregation to UE positioning, a receiving entity may be designated as being aware of the coherence. Various aspects presented herein provide some example signaling between a sending entity and a receiving entity during a UE positioning session. The sending entity may be an entity that sends a positioning reference signal, which may be a UE, a base station, or a sidelink device, and the receiving entity may be an entity that receives a positioning reference signal, which may also be a UE, a base station, or a sidelink device.

[0149] Fig.131300 is a communication flow illustrating an example signaling scheme for downlink positioning aggregation according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The numbers associated with the communication flow 1300 do not specify a particular time sequence and are merely used as a reference for the communication flow 1300. Various aspects presented herein may enable a base station to indicate to a UE a coherent group for positioning aggregation (CGPA) (which may also be referred to as a coherent group (CG) in some examples) attribute of a PRS set, such as in conjunction with Fig.11 and Fig.12 Multiple frequency layers may be mapped to multiple BWPs in the same CC and / or in multiple CCs that may be contiguous, non-contiguous but in the same frequency band or in different frequency bands. Within each CGPA, multiple PRSs may be assumed to be transmitted in a manner dictated by the attributes of the CGPA so that a composite waveform may be used for the UE during a UE positioning session.

[0150] At 1320, base station 1304 may send an indication 1306 indicating a CGPA attribute (e.g., indicating that base station 1304 supports downlink coherent carrier aggregation and / or CGPA attributes supported by base station 1304, etc.) to UE 1302. CGPA may be associated with one or more transmission attributes and their standard deviations, such as in combination with Fig.11 and Fig.12 For example, one or more transmit attributes may include a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, a transmit time difference, or a combination thereof. Additionally, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter may be frequency dependent or may be valid for a defined frequency range.

[0151] At 1322, the base station 1304 may send an indication 1308 to the UE 1302 indicating an association between a reference signal (RS) set 1310 (e.g., a PRS set) and one or more CGPAs 1312 (e.g., based on the indication 1306). For example, the association may map each RS in the RS set 1310 to one of the one or more CGPAs 1312. Each CGPA in the one or more CGPAs 1312 may be associated with / assigned with a CG-ID, such that the base station 1304 may indicate the association based on the CG-ID. In addition, each CGPA in the one or more CGPAs 1312 may be associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof. The RS set 1310 may correspond to multiple BWPs of the same component carrier CC, multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or the RS set 1310 may correspond to multiple BWPs of multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0152] In some scenarios, some of the elements of the CGPA (e.g., transmission attributes) may not be configurable or reportable, but may be fixed. For example: if the base station 1304 configures coherent transmission of two PRSs across two CCs, this may indicate that the amplitude offset is within X dB, the phase offset is within Y degrees, and / or the maximum time period is within Z μs, etc.

[0153] At 1324, UE 1304 may send RS set 1310 based on the association between RS set 1310 and one or more CGPAs 1312, and UE 1302 may receive RS set 1310 based on the association between RS set 1310 and one or more CGPAs 1312 to achieve coherent carrier aggregation for DL ​​positioning (which may also be referred to as DL positioning aggregation).

[0154] At 1326, after receiving the RS set 1310, the UE 1302 may perform a set of positioning measurements 1314 for the RS set 1310 based on the association between the RS set 1310 and one or more CGPAs 1312. For example, as described in conjunction with Figure 4 As described, the positioning measurement may include measuring the DL-PRS-RSRP of the downlink signal (e.g., for DL-AoD positioning), measuring the RSTD of the downlink signal (e.g., for DL-TDOA positioning) and / or measuring the RTT of the downlink signal (e.g., for RTT-based positioning), etc.

[0155] At 1328, depending on whether the UE positioning is based on UE-based positioning or UE-assisted positioning, UE 1302 may send a positioning measurement set 1314 (e.g., for UE-assisted positioning) or an estimated position of UE 1302 based on the positioning measurement set 1314 (e.g., for UE-based positioning) to another entity (such as a base station 1304, a location server, an LMF) or to another UE, etc.

[0156] In one example, as shown at 1330, UE 1302 may indicate one or more capabilities of the UE for CGPA (e.g., for sidelink positioning), such as to base station 1304, location server, LMF, or second UE. Thus, UE 1302 may receive indication 1306 described in conjunction with 1320 based on the indicated one or more capabilities. In some examples, the one or more capabilities of UE 1302 may be sent in a frequency band of at least one frequency band combination, or for each frequency band pair combination of at least one frequency band pair combination.

[0157] For example, the CGPA capability may be based on a frequency band (e.g., frequency band) in a frequency band combination, e.g., the CGPA depends on the frequency band combination. The frequency band combination may include a first frequency band and a second frequency band, wherein the PRS transmitted in the first frequency band is part of the first CGPA, and the PRS transmitted in the second frequency band is part of the second CGPA (or may also be part of the first CGPA). In another example, the frequency band combination may include a second frequency band and a third frequency band, wherein the PRS transmitted in the second frequency band is part of the second CGPA, and the PRS transmitted in the third frequency band is part of the third CGPA, and so on.

[0158] In another example, one or more capabilities of UE 1302 may be sent based on the UE satisfying the minimum specification for supporting CGPA. For example, a minimum specification may be introduced for UE 1302 and / or base station 1304 to report the ability to support CGPA. Such specifications may be in the form of maximum phase offset error, maximum phase slope error, maximum timing difference error, maximum amplitude offset error, minimum timing difference coherence, or a combination thereof. In addition, the parameters of CGPA may be reset and / or reported periodically, such as for each time slot, each frame, etc. In another example, an element of CGPA may be specified as an anchor for a phase, timing, and / or amplitude offset reference. For example, if there are four PRSs in CGPA, a parameter in the first PRS may be used as an anchor for one or more parameters in the second PRS, the third PRS, and the fourth PRS.

[0159] In another example, different levels of specifications may be configured for different configurations / settings. For example, the minimum specification for supporting CGPA may be the most stringent for two PRS / SRS on the same BWP, then two contiguous CCs, then non-contiguous CCs in the same band, then inter-band CCs, different frequency ranges (FRs), etc.

[0160] Fig.14 is a communication flow 1400 illustrating an example signaling scheme for uplink positioning aggregation according to various aspects of the present disclosure. The numbers associated with the communication flow 1400 do not specify a particular time sequence and are merely used as a reference for the communication flow 1400. Various aspects presented herein may enable a UE to indicate the capabilities of the UE regarding CGPA attributes, such as to a base station, a location server, an LMF, and / or another UE. Similarly, within each CGPA, the SRS may be assumed / configured to be transmitted in a manner indicated by the attributes of the CGPA so that a composite waveform may be used by a receiving entity for a positioning process.

[0161] At 1420, base station 1404 may send an indication 1406 indicating a CGPA attribute (e.g., indicating that base station 1404 supports uplink coherent carrier aggregation) to UE 1402. CGPA may be associated with one or more transmission attributes and their standard deviations, such as in combination with Fig.11 and Fig.12 As described. For example, the one or more transmit attributes may include a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, a transmit time difference, or a combination thereof. Additionally, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter may be frequency dependent or may be valid for a defined frequency range. In some examples, if the UE 1402 has such capability, an indication 1406 indicating the CGPA may be sent from the UE 1402 to the base station 1404.

[0162] At 1430, before or after receiving the indication 1406, the UE 1402 may indicate one or more capabilities of the UE 1402 for CGPA, such as to the base station 1404 (e.g., via RRC), a location server, an LMF (e.g., via LPP signaling), or a second UE (e.g., via a sidelink report). Thus, the UE 1402 may receive the indication 1406 described in conjunction with 1420 based on the indicated one or more capabilities.

[0163] In one example, UE 1420 may transmit the UE's CGPA capability to base station 1404 as part of the SRS for positioning capability. For example, the CGPA capability may be based on a frequency band (e.g., frequency band) in a frequency band combination, for example, the CGPA depends on the frequency band combination (two frequency bands using the same PA may use the same CGPA). For example, the frequency band combination may include a first frequency band and a second frequency band, wherein the SRS transmitted in the first frequency band is part of the first CGPA, and the SRS transmitted in the second frequency band is part of the second CGPA (or may also be part of the first CGPA). In another example, the frequency band combination may include a second frequency band and a third frequency band, wherein the SRS transmitted in the second frequency band is part of the second CGPA, and the SRS transmitted in the third frequency band is part of the third CGPA, and so on.

[0164] In another example, the CGPA capability may be based on a frequency band pair combination. For example, two SRSs may be transmitted via a first frequency band and a second frequency band associated with the same CGPA (e.g., one SRS per frequency band). This may also indicate that the SRS has an amplitude offset within X dB, a phase offset within Y degrees, a maximum time period within Z μs, etc.

[0165] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the UE 1402 may report separate CGPA capabilities (e.g., for DL ​​and / or UL positioning) for the RRC connected state and the RRC inactive state. For example, if the UE 1402 is sending SRS in the RRC inactive state during a UE positioning session, the UE 1402 may not be able to support any CGPA. Therefore, the network (e.g., the base station 1404) may be configured to assume that the SRS sent from the UE 1402 during the RRC inactive state of the UE 1402 is not related in any way that the CGPA framework will specify. However, when the UE 1402 is in RRC connected, the UE 1402 may be able to support the CGPA framework.

[0166] In another example, the UE 1402 may report a separate CGPA capability for SRS for positioning outside the active BWP. For example, the UE may not be able to support any coherence groups for SRS sent outside the active BWP during a UE positioning session. Therefore, the network (e.g., base station 1404) may be configured to assume that the SRS sent from the UE 1402 outside the active BWP is not correlated in any way that the CGPA framework would specify. However, if the SRS is sent within the same active BWP, the UE 1402 may be able to support the CGPA framework.

[0167] In another example, the capability for CGPA may be sent based on UE 1402 meeting the minimum specification for supporting CGPA. For example, a minimum specification may be introduced for UE 1402 and / or base station 1404 to report the capability to support CGPA. Such specifications may be in the form of maximum phase offset error, maximum phase slope error, maximum timing difference error, maximum amplitude offset error, minimum timing difference coherence, or a combination thereof. In addition, the parameters of CGPA may be reset and / or reported periodically, such as for each time slot, each frame, etc. In another example, the elements of CGPA may be specified as anchors for phase, timing, and / or amplitude offset references. For example, if there are four SRSs in CGPA, a parameter in the first SRS may be used as an anchor for one or more parameters in the second SRS, the third SRS, and the fourth SRS.

[0168] In another example, different levels of specifications may be configured for different configurations / settings. For example, the minimum specification for supporting CGPA may be the most stringent for two PRS / SRS on the same BWP, then two contiguous CCs, then non-contiguous CCs in the same band, then inter-band CCs, different frequency ranges (FRs), etc.

[0169] At 1422, the UE 1402 may send an indication 1408 to the base station 1404 indicating an association between a set of RSs 1410 (e.g., a set of SRSs) and one or more CGPAs 1412 (e.g., based on the indication 1406). The association may map each RS in the set of RSs 1410 to one of the one or more CGPAs 1412. Each CGPA in the one or more CGPAs 1412 may be associated with / assigned with a CG-ID so that the UE 1402 may indicate the association based on the CG-ID. The set of RSs 1410 may correspond to multiple BWPs of the same component carrier CC, multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or the set of RSs 1410 may correspond to multiple BWPs of multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0170] In one example, for UE positioning based on UL-TDOA and / or UL-AoA, according to the capability of UE 1402, base station 1404 (e.g., serving base station) may request UE 1402 to provide association information of UL SRS resources for positioning and corresponding Tx CG-ID to base station 1404. Then, base station 1404 may forward the association information provided by UE 1402 to LMF. In some scenarios, base station 1404 may also be configured to forward the association information to one or more neighboring (or non-serving) base stations (e.g., other base stations participating in UE positioning). In addition, UE 1402 may also be configured to report to base station 1404 the capability of the UE to support multiple UE Tx timing error groups (TEGs) for UL TDOA.

[0171] In another example, for multi-RTT based UE positioning, according to the capability of UE 1402, LMF may request UE 1402 to directly provide the LMF with the association information of UL SRS resources and Tx CG-ID for positioning. LMF may forward the association information to the serving base station and the neighboring base station. UE 1402 may also directly report to LMF the capability of the UE to support multiple UE CGPAs.

[0172] In some scenarios, some of the elements of the CGPA (e.g., transmission attributes) may not be configurable or reportable, but may be fixed. For example: if the UE 1402 configures coherent transmission of two SRSs across two CCs, this may indicate that the amplitude offset is within X dB, the phase offset is within Y degrees, and / or the maximum time period is within Z μs, etc.

[0173] In one example, as shown at 1428, the base station 1404 can send a configuration for the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs.

[0174] At 1424, UE 1402 may send RS set 1410 based on the association between RS set 1410 and one or more CGPAs 1412 (and if the configuration is received at 1428, it may also be based on the configuration), and UE 1404 may also receive RS set 1410 based on the association between RS set 1410 and one or more CGPAs 1412 to achieve coherent carrier aggregation for UL positioning (which may also be referred to as UL positioning aggregation).

[0175] At 1426 , after receiving the set of RSs 1410 , the base station 1404 may perform a set of positioning measurements 1414 for the set of RSs 1410 based on an association between the set of RSs 1410 and one or more CGPAs 1412 .

[0176] Fig.15 is a communication flow 1500 illustrating an example signaling scheme for sidelink positioning aggregation in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The numbers associated with the communication flow 1500 do not specify a particular time order and are merely used as a reference for the communication flow 1500. The various aspects presented herein may enable a sidelink UE to indicate the capabilities of the sidelink UE regarding CGPA attributes during sidelink positioning, such as to another sidelink UE. Similarly, within each CGPA, a sidelink reference signal (SLRS) is assumed to be transmitted in a manner dictated by the attributes of the CGPA such that a composite waveform is available to a receiving entity for a positioning process.

[0177] At 1520, the first UE 1502 may send an indication 1506 indicating a CGPA attribute to the second UE 1504 (e.g., to indicate that the first UE 1502 supports sidelink coherent carrier aggregation). The CGPA may be associated with one or more transmission attributes and their standard deviations, such as in combination with Fig.11 and Fig.12 Described. For example, the one or more transmission attributes may include a phase slope parameter (which may also be referred to as a frequency domain drift rate in some examples), a phase offset parameter (which may also be referred to as a frequency offset or a phase offset in some examples), an amplitude offset (which may also be referred to as an energy per resource element (EPRE) offset in some examples), a maximum timing coherence, a transmission time difference (which may also be referred to as a real-time time difference (RTD) in some examples), or a combination thereof. In addition, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter may be frequency dependent or may be valid for a defined frequency range. In some examples, the indication 1506 indicating the CGPA may instead be sent from the second UE 1504 to the first UE 1502.

[0178] At 1530, before or after receiving the indication 1506, the first UE 1502 may indicate one or more capabilities of the UE 1502 for CGPA to the second UE 1504, such as via a sidelink report, or vice versa. Thus, the UE 1502 may receive the indication 1506 described in conjunction with 1520 based on the indicated one or more capabilities.

[0179] In one example, the first UE 1502 may transmit the CGPA capability of the first UE to the first UE 1502 as part of the SL RS for positioning capability. For example, the CGPA capability may be based on the frequency band (e.g., frequency band) in the frequency band combination, for example, the CGPA depends on the frequency band combination (two frequency bands using the same PA may use the same CGPA). For example, the frequency band combination may include a first frequency band and a second frequency band, wherein the SL RS transmitted in the first frequency band is part of the first CGPA, and the SL RS transmitted in the second frequency band is part of the second CGPA (or may also be part of the first CGPA). In another example, the frequency band combination may include a second frequency band and a third frequency band, wherein the SL RS transmitted in the second frequency band is part of the second CGPA, and the SL RS transmitted in the third frequency band is part of the third CGPA, and so on.

[0180] In another example, the CGPA capability may be based on a frequency band pair combination. For example, two SL RSs may be transmitted via a first frequency band and a second frequency band associated with the same CGPA (e.g., one SL RS per frequency band). This may also indicate that the SLRS has an amplitude offset within X dB, a phase offset within Y degrees, a maximum time period within Z μs, etc.

[0181] In another example, the capability for CGPA may be sent based on the UE 1502 meeting the minimum specification for supporting CGPA. For example, a minimum specification may be introduced for the first UE 1502 and / or the second UE 1504 to report the capability to support CGPA. Such specifications may be in the form of a maximum phase offset error, a maximum phase slope error, a maximum timing difference error, a maximum amplitude offset error, a minimum timing difference coherence, or a combination thereof.

[0182] At 1522, the first UE 1502 may send an indication 1508 to the second UE 1504 (or vice versa) indicating an association between a set of RSs 1510 (such as a set of SL RSs) and one or more CGPAs 1512 (e.g., based on the indication 1506). The association may map each RS in the set of RSs 1510 to one of the one or more CGPAs 1512. Each CGPA in the one or more CGPAs 1512 may be associated with / assigned with a CG-ID, such that the first UE 1502 may indicate the association based on the CG-ID.

[0183] In some scenarios, some of the elements of the CGPA (e.g., transmission attributes) may not be configurable or reportable, but may be fixed. For example: if the first UE 1502 configures coherent transmission of two SL RSs across two CCs, this may indicate that the amplitude offset is within XdB, the phase offset is within Y degrees, and / or the maximum time period is within Z μs, etc.

[0184] At 1524, UE 1502 may send RS set 1510 to a second UE 1504 (or vice versa) based on the association between RS set 1510 and one or more CGPAs 1512, and the second UE 1504 may also receive RS set 1510 based on the association between RS set 1510 and one or more CGPAs 1512 to achieve coherent carrier aggregation for sidelink positioning (which may also be referred to as SL positioning aggregation).

[0185] At 1526 , depending on who receives the RS set 1510 , the first UE 1502 or the second UE 1504 may perform a set of positioning measurements 1514 for the RS set 1510 based on an association between the RS set 1510 and one or more CGPAs 1512 .

[0186] Fig.16 1600 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 404, 1302, 1402, 1502; device 1804). The method may enable the UE to receive an indication of a CGPA attribute of a set of positioning reference signals (e.g., PRS, SL RS, etc.) from a base station or LMF during DL / SL positioning, so that the UE may receive the set of positioning reference signals based on coherent carrier aggregation.

[0187] At 1602, the UE may send at least one capability of the UE for CGPA to at least one of a base station, an LMF, a location server, or a second UE, wherein the first indication (e.g., received at 1604) may be received based on at least one capability of the UE, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1330, UE 1302 may send the capabilities of the UE for CGPA to base station 1304. Sending at least one capability of the UE for CGPA may be performed by, for example Fig.18 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 are executed.

[0188] In one example, at least one capability of the UE is transmitted in a frequency band in at least one frequency band combination, or at least one capability of the UE is transmitted for each frequency band pair combination in at least one frequency band pair combination.

[0189] In another example, at least one capability of the UE is sent based on the UE meeting minimum specifications for supporting CGPA.

[0190] At 1604, the UE may receive a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA may be associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference, such as in combination with Figures 11 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1320, UE 1302 may receive an indication 1306 of a CGPA from base station 1304. Receiving a first indication of a CGPA may be performed by, for example Fig.18 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 are executed.

[0191] In one example, the one or more transmit properties further include a standard deviation of at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference.

[0192] In another example, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0193] At 1606, the UE may receive a second indication of an association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs, wherein the association may map each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1322, UE 1302 may receive an indication 1308 of an association between RS set 1310 and one or more CGPAs 1312. Receiving a second indication of the association may be performed by, for example Fig.18The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 are executed.

[0194] In one example, each CGPA of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0195] In another example, each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0196] In another example, the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for the same CC, multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or where the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0197] In another example, the RS set is a DL PRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the positioning measurement set is associated with a UE-assisted positioning session or a UE-based positioning session.

[0198] At 1608, the UE may receive the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1324, UE 1302 may receive RS set 1310 based on the association. The received RS set may be provided by, for example, Fig.18 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 are executed.

[0199] At 1610, the UE may perform a set of positioning measurements for the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1326, UE 1302 may perform a positioning measurement set 1314 for RS set 1310 based on an association between RS set 1310 and one or more CGPAs 1312. The positioning measurement set may be composed of, for example, Fig.18 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 are executed.

[0200] At 1612, the UE may send at least one of: a positioning measurement set, or a position estimate associated with the UE based on the positioning measurement set, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13At 1328, UE 1302 may send positioning measurement set 1314 or a UE position estimate based on positioning measurement set 1314 to base station 1304. Sending positioning measurements or position estimates may be performed by, for example, Fig.18 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 are executed.

[0201] Fig.17 1700 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 404, 1302, 1402, 1502; device 1804). The method may enable the UE to receive an indication of a CGPA attribute of a set of positioning reference signals (e.g., PRS, SL RS, etc.) from a base station or LMF during DL / SL positioning, so that the UE may receive the set of positioning reference signals based on coherent carrier aggregation.

[0202] At 1704, the UE may receive a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA may be associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference, such as in combination with Figures 11 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1320, UE 1302 may receive an indication 1306 of a CGPA from base station 1304. Receiving a first indication of a CGPA may be performed by, for example Fig.18 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 are executed.

[0203] In one example, the one or more transmit properties further include a standard deviation of at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference.

[0204] In another example, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0205] In another example, the UE may send at least one capability of the UE for CGPA to at least one of the base station, the LMF, the location server, or the second UE, wherein the first indication may be received based on the at least one capability of the UE, such as in combination with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1330, UE 1302 may send the capabilities of the UE for CGPA to base station 1304. Sending at least one capability of the UE for CGPA may be performed by, for example Fig.18The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 in the embodiment of the present invention are performed. In one example, at least one capability of the UE is sent in a frequency band in at least one frequency band combination, or at least one capability of the UE is sent for each frequency band pair combination in at least one frequency band pair combination. In another example, at least one capability of the UE is sent based on the UE meeting the minimum specification for supporting CGPA.

[0206] At 1706, the UE may receive a second indication of an association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs, wherein the association may map each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1322, UE 1302 may receive an indication 1308 of an association between RS set 1310 and one or more CGPAs 1312. Receiving a second indication of the association may be performed by, for example Fig.18 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 are executed.

[0207] In one example, each CGPA of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0208] In another example, each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0209] In another example, the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for the same CC, multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or where the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0210] In another example, the RS set is a DL PRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the positioning measurement set is associated with a UE-assisted positioning session or a UE-based positioning session.

[0211] In another example, the UE may receive the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1324, UE 1302 may receive RS set 1310 based on the association. The received RS set may be provided by, for example, Fig.18 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 are executed.

[0212] At 1710, the UE may perform a set of positioning measurements for the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1326, UE 1302 may perform a positioning measurement set 1314 for RS set 1310 based on an association between RS set 1310 and one or more CGPAs 1312. The positioning measurement set may be composed of, for example, Fig.18 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 are executed.

[0213] In one example, the UE may send at least one of the following: a positioning measurement set, or a position estimate associated with the UE based on the positioning measurement set, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1328, UE 1302 may send a positioning measurement set 1314 or a UE position estimate based on the positioning measurement set 1314 to base station 1304. Sending the positioning measurement or position estimate may be performed by, for example Fig.18 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the transceiver 1822 of the device 1804 are executed.

[0214] Fig.181800 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1804. The apparatus 1804 may be a UE, may be a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1804 may include a cellular baseband processor 1824 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1822 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 1824 may include on-chip memory 1824'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1804 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1820, and an application processor 1806 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1808 and a screen 1810. The application processor 1806 may include on-chip memory 1806'. In some aspects, the device 1804 may also include a Bluetooth module 1812, a WLAN module 1814, an SPS module 1816 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1818 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor (such as an inertial management unit (IMU), a gyroscope and / or an accelerometer, a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1826, a power source 1830, and / or a camera 1832. The Bluetooth module 1812, the WLAN module 1814, and the SPS module 1816 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 1812, the WLAN module 1814, and the SPS module 1816 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using an antenna 1880. The cellular baseband processor 1824 communicates with the UE via the transceiver 1822 via one or more antennas 1880. 104 and / or communicate with RUs associated with the network entity 1802. The cellular baseband processor 1824 and the application processor 1806 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1824', 1806', respectively. The additional memory module 1826 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1824', 1806', 1826 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1824 and the application processor 1806 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on a computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1824 / application processor 1806, enables the cellular baseband processor 1824 / application processor 1806 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1824 / application processor 1806 when executing the software. The cellular baseband processor 1824 / application processor 1806 may be a UE 350 and may include memory 360 and / or at least one of TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359.In one configuration, the device 1804 may be a processor chip (modem and / or applications) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the application processor 1806, and in another configuration, the device 1804 may be an entire UE (eg, see. Figure 3 350) and includes additional modules of device 1804.

[0215] As discussed above, the CGPA indication and processing component 198 may be configured to receive a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference. The CGPA indication and processing component 198 may also be configured to receive a second indication of an association between a set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs. The CGPA indication and processing component 198 may also be configured to perform a set of positioning measurements for the set of RSs based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs. The CGPA indication and processing component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 1824, the application processor 1806, or both the cellular baseband processor 1824 and the application processor 1806. The CGPA indication and processing component 198 may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium so as to be implemented by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. As shown, the device 1804 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 1804 (and specifically, the cellular baseband processor 1824 and / or the application processor 1806) may include a component for receiving a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference. The device 1804 may also include a component for receiving a second indication of an association between a set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs. The device 1804 may also include a component for performing a set of positioning measurements for a set of RSs based on an association between the set of RSs and one or more CGPAs.

[0216] In one configuration, the apparatus 1804 may further include means for receiving the set of RSs based on an association between the set of RSs and one or more CGPAs.

[0217] In another configuration, the apparatus 1804 may also include means for sending at least one of: a positioning measurement set, or a position estimate associated with the UE based on the positioning measurement set.

[0218] In another configuration, each CGPA of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0219] In another configuration, each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0220] In another configuration, the one or more transmit properties further include a standard deviation of at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference.

[0221] In another configuration, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0222] In another configuration, the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for the same CC, multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or where the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0223] In another configuration, the apparatus 1804 may further include means for sending at least one capability of the UE for CGPA to at least one of a base station, an LMF, a location server, or a second UE, wherein the first indication is received based on the at least one capability of the UE. In such a configuration, the at least one capability of the UE is sent in a band in at least one band combination, or wherein the at least one capability of the UE is sent for each band pair combination in at least one band pair combination. In such a configuration, the at least one capability of the UE is sent based on the UE satisfying a minimum specification for supporting CGPA.

[0224] The means may be the CGPA indication and processing component 198 of the apparatus 1804 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the apparatus 1804 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0225] Fig.191900 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 404, 1302, 1402, 1502; device 2104). The method may enable the UE to indicate CGPA-related capabilities to a base station or LMF during UL / SL positioning, and / or receive / send an indication of the CGPA attribute of a set of positioning reference signals (e.g., SRS, SL RS, etc.) from a base station or LMF to a base station or LMF, so that the UE can send a set of positioning reference signals based on coherent carrier aggregation.

[0226] At 1902, the UE may send at least one capability of the UE for CGPA to at least one of a base station, an LMF, a location server, or a second UE, wherein the first indication (e.g., received at 1904) may be received based on at least one capability of the UE, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.14 At 1430, UE 1402 may send the capabilities of the UE for CGPA to base station 1404. Sending at least one capability of the UE for CGPA may be performed by, for example Fig.21 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the transceiver 2122 of the device 2104 are executed.

[0227] In one example, at least one capability of the UE is transmitted in a frequency band in at least one frequency band combination, or at least one capability of the UE is transmitted for each frequency band pair combination in at least one frequency band pair combination.

[0228] In another example, at least one capability of the UE is sent based on the UE meeting minimum specifications for supporting CGPA.

[0229] At 1904, the UE may receive a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA may be associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference, such as in combination with Figures 11 to 15 For example, in Fig.14 At 1420, UE 1402 may receive / send an indication 1406 of CGPA from / to base station 1404. Receiving a first indication of CGPA may be performed by, for example Fig.21 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the transceiver 2122 of the device 2104 are executed.

[0230] In one example, the one or more transmit properties further include a standard deviation of at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference.

[0231] In another example, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0232] At 1906, the UE may send a second indication of an association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.14 At 1422, UE 1402 may send an indication 1408 of an association between RS set 1410 and one or more CGPAs 1412. Sending a second indication of the association may be performed by, for example Fig.21 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the transceiver 2122 of the device 2104 are executed.

[0233] In one example, each CGPA of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0234] In another example, each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0235] In another example, the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for the same CC, multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or where the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0236] In another example, the RS set is a UL SRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the RS set is sent for a UE-assisted positioning session.

[0237] At 1908, the UE may receive a configuration for a set of RSs based on an association between the set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, and wherein the set of RSs is sent based on the configuration, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.14 At 1428, UE 1402 may receive a configuration for RS set 1410 from base station 1404. Receiving the configuration may be performed by, for example Fig.21 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the transceiver 2122 of the device 2104 are executed.

[0238] At 1910, the UE may send a set of RSs based on an association between the set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.14 At 1424, UE 1402 may send RS set 1410 based on the association. Sending the RS set may be performed by, for example Fig.21 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the transceiver 2122 of the device 2104 are executed.

[0239] Fig. 20 2000 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, 404, 1302, 1402, 1502; device 2104). The method may enable the UE to indicate CGPA-related capabilities to a base station or LMF during UL / SL positioning, and / or receive / send an indication of CGPA attributes of a set of positioning reference signals (e.g., SRS, SL RS, etc.) from a base station or LMF to a base station or LMF, so that the UE can send a set of positioning reference signals based on coherent carrier aggregation.

[0240] At 2004, the UE may receive a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA may be associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference, such as in combination with Figures 11 to 15 For example, in Fig.14 At 1420, UE 1402 may receive / send an indication 1406 of CGPA from / to base station 1404. Receiving a first indication of CGPA may be performed by, for example Fig.21 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the transceiver 2122 of the device 2104 are executed.

[0241] In one example, the one or more transmit properties further include a standard deviation of at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference.

[0242] In another example, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0243] In another example, the UE may send at least one capability of the UE for CGPA to at least one of the base station, the LMF, the location server, or the second UE, wherein the first indication (e.g., received at 1904) may be received based on at least one capability of the UE, such as in combination with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.14 At 1430, UE 1402 may send the capabilities of the UE for CGPA to base station 1404. Sending at least one capability of the UE for CGPA may be performed by, for example Fig.21The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the transceiver 2122 of the device 2104 in the embodiment of the present invention are performed. In this example, at least one capability of the UE is sent in a frequency band in at least one frequency band combination, or at least one capability of the UE is sent for each frequency band pair combination in at least one frequency band pair combination. In this example, at least one capability of the UE is sent based on the UE meeting the minimum specification for supporting CGPA.

[0244] At 2006, the UE may send a second indication of an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the RS set to one of the one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.14 At 1422, UE 1402 may send an indication 1408 of an association between RS set 1410 and one or more CGPAs 1412. Sending a second indication of the association may be performed by, for example Fig.21 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the transceiver 2122 of the device 2104 are executed.

[0245] In one example, each CGPA of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0246] In another example, each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0247] In another example, the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for the same CC, multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or where the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0248] In another example, the RS set is a UL SRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the RS set is sent for a UE-assisted positioning session.

[0249] At 2010, the UE may send a set of RSs based on an association between the set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.14 At 1424, UE 1402 may send RS set 1410 based on the association. Sending the RS set may be performed by, for example Fig.21 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the transceiver 2122 of the device 2104 are executed.

[0250] In one example, the UE may receive a configuration for the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, and wherein the RS set is sent based on the configuration, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.14 At 1428, UE 1402 may receive a configuration for RS set 1410 from base station 1404. Receiving the configuration may be performed by, for example Fig.21 The CGPA indication and processing component 198, the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the transceiver 2122 of the device 2104 are executed.

[0251] Fig.2121 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 2104. The apparatus 2104 may be a UE, may be a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 2104 may include a cellular baseband processor 2124 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 2122 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 2124 may include on-chip memory 2124′. In some aspects, the apparatus 2104 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 2120, and an application processor 2106 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 2108 and a screen 2110. The application processor 2106 may include on-chip memory 2106′. In some aspects, the device 2104 may also include a Bluetooth module 2112, a WLAN module 2114, an SPS module 2116 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 2118 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor (such as an inertial management unit (IMU), a gyroscope and / or an accelerometer, a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 2126, a power source 2130, and / or a camera 2132. The Bluetooth module 2112, the WLAN module 2114, and the SPS module 2116 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, only a receiver (RX)). The Bluetooth module 2112, the WLAN module 2114, and the SPS module 2116 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using antennas 2180. The cellular baseband processor 2124 communicates with the UE through the transceiver 2122 via one or more antennas 2180. 104 and / or communicate with RUs associated with the network entity 2102. The cellular baseband processor 2124 and the application processor 2106 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 2124′, 2106′, respectively. The additional memory module 2126 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 2124′, 2106′, 2126 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 2124 and the application processor 2106 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106, enables the cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106 when executing the software. The cellular baseband processor 2124 / application processor 2106 may be a UE 350 and may include memory 360 and / or at least one of TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359.In one configuration, the device 2104 may be a processor chip (modem and / or applications) and include only the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the application processor 2106, and in another configuration, the device 2104 may be the entire UE (eg, see. Figure 3 350) and includes additional modules of device 2104.

[0252] As discussed above, the CGPA indication and processing component 198 may be configured to receive a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference. The CGPA indication and processing component 198 may also be configured to send a second indication of an association between a set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs. The CGPA indication and processing component 198 may also be configured to send the set of RSs based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs. The CGPA indication and processing component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 2124, the application processor 2106, or both the cellular baseband processor 2124 and the application processor 2106. The CGPA indication and processing component 198 may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. As shown, the device 2104 may include multiple components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 2104 (and specifically, the cellular baseband processor 2124 and / or the application processor 2106) may include a component for receiving a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference. The device 2104 may also include a component for sending a second indication of an association between a set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs. The device 2104 may also include a component for sending a set of RSs based on an association between the set of RSs and one or more CGPAs.

[0253] In one configuration, the apparatus 2104 may further include means for receiving a configuration for the set of RSs based on an association between the set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, and wherein the set of RSs is transmitted based on the configuration.

[0254] In another configuration, each CGPA of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0255] In another configuration, each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0256] In another configuration, the one or more transmit properties further include a standard deviation of at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference.

[0257] In another configuration, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0258] In another configuration, the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for the same CC, multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or where the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0259] In another configuration, the apparatus 2104 may further include means for sending at least one capability of the UE for CGPA to at least one of a base station, an LMF, a location server, or a second UE, wherein the first indication is received based on the at least one capability of the UE. In such a configuration, the at least one capability of the UE is sent in a band in at least one band combination, or wherein the at least one capability of the UE is sent for each band pair combination in at least one band pair combination. In such a configuration, the at least one capability of the UE is sent based on the UE satisfying a minimum specification for supporting CGPA.

[0260] In another configuration, the RS set is a UL SRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the RS set is sent for a UE-assisted positioning session.

[0261] The means may be the CGPA indication and processing component 198 of the apparatus 2104 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the apparatus 2104 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0262] Fig. 22 2200 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station (eg, base station 102, 1304, 1404; network entity 2402). The method may enable the base station to perform coherent carrier aggregation for UL, DL, and SL positioning.

[0263] At 2202, the base station may receive from the UE at least one capability of the UE for CGPA, wherein the first indication (eg, sent at 2204) may be sent based on the at least one capability of the UE, such as in conjunction with Figure 13 to Figure 14 For example, in Fig.13 At 1330, base station 1304 may receive capabilities for CGPA from UE 1302. Receiving at least one capability of the UE for CGPA may be performed by, for example Fig.24 The CGPA indication and processing component 199 and / or the transceiver 2446 of the network entity 2402 is executed.

[0264] In one example, at least one capability of the UE is received in a frequency band in at least one frequency band combination, or wherein at least one capability of the UE is received for each frequency band pair combination in at least one frequency band pair combination.

[0265] In another example, at least one capability of the UE is received based on the network node satisfying minimum specifications for supporting CGPA.

[0266] At 2204, the base station may send a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA may be associated with one or more transmit attributes including at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference, such as in combination with Figures 11 to 14 For example, in Fig.13 At 1320, the base station 1304 may send an indication 1306 of the CGPA to the UE 1302. The first indication of the CGPA may be sent by, for example Fig.24 The CGPA indication and processing component 199 and / or the transceiver 2446 of the network entity 2402 is executed.

[0267] In one example, the one or more transmit properties further include a standard deviation of at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference.

[0268] In another example, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0269] At 2206, the base station may send or receive a second indication of an association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs, wherein the association may map each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13At 1322, the base station 1304 may send an indication 1308 of an association between the RS set 1310 and one or more CGPAs 1312 to the UE 1302. Sending / receiving a second indication of an association may be performed by, for example Fig.24 The CGPA indication and processing component 199 and / or the transceiver 2446 of the network entity 2402 is executed.

[0270] In one example, each CGPA of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0271] In another example, each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0272] In another example, the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for the same CC, multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or where the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0273] At 2208, the base station may send or receive the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1324, the base station 1304 may send the RS set 1310 to the UE 1302 based on the association. The sending / receiving RS set may be performed by, for example Fig.24 The CGPA indication and processing component 199 and / or the transceiver 2446 of the network entity 2402 is executed.

[0274] In one example, the base station receives the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, and the base station performs a positioning measurement set for the RS set based on the association between the RS set and the one or more CGPAs. In this example, the RS set is an uplink UL SRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the positioning measurement set is associated with a UE-assisted positioning session.

[0275] In another example, the base station sends an RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, and the base station receives at least one of the following: a positioning measurement set for the RS set, or a position estimate associated with the UE. In this example, the RS set is a DL PRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof.

[0276] Fig.232300 is a flow chart of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station (eg, base station 102, 1304, 1404; network entity 2402). The method may enable the base station to perform coherent carrier aggregation for UL, DL, and SL positioning.

[0277] At 2304, the base station may send a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA may be associated with one or more transmit attributes including at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference, such as in combination with Figures 11 to 14 For example, in Fig.13 At 1320, the base station 1304 may send an indication 1306 of the CGPA to the UE 1302. The first indication of the CGPA may be sent by, for example Fig.24 The CGPA indication and processing component 199 and / or the transceiver 2446 of the network entity 2402 is executed.

[0278] In one example, the one or more transmit properties further include a standard deviation of at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference.

[0279] In another example, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0280] At 2306, the base station may send or receive a second indication of an association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs, wherein the association may map each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1322, the base station 1304 may send an indication 1308 of an association between the RS set 1310 and one or more CGPAs 1312 to the UE 1302. Sending / receiving a second indication of an association may be performed by, for example Fig.24 The CGPA indication and processing component 199 and / or the transceiver 2446 of the network entity 2402 is executed.

[0281] In one example, each CGPA of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0282] In another example, each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0283] In another example, the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for the same CC, multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or where the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0284] At 2308, the base station may send or receive the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, such as in conjunction with Figures 13 to 15 For example, in Fig.13 At 1324, the base station 1304 may send the RS set 1310 to the UE 1302 based on the association. The sending / receiving RS set may be performed by, for example Fig.24 The CGPA indication and processing component 199 and / or the transceiver 2446 of the network entity 2402 is executed.

[0285] In one example, the base station receives the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, and the base station performs a positioning measurement set for the RS set based on the association between the RS set and the one or more CGPAs. In this example, the RS set is an uplink UL SRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the positioning measurement set is associated with a UE-assisted positioning session.

[0286] In another example, the base station sends an RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs, and the base station receives at least one of the following: a positioning measurement set for the RS set, or a position estimate associated with the UE. In this example, the RS set is a DL PRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof.

[0287] In another example, the base station may receive from the UE at least one capability of the UE for CGPA, wherein the first indication (eg, sent at 2204) may be sent based on the at least one capability of the UE, such as in conjunction with Figure 13 to Figure 14 For example, in Fig.13 At 1330, base station 1304 may receive capabilities for CGPA from UE 1302. Receiving at least one capability of the UE for CGPA may be performed by, for example Fig.24 The CGPA indication and processing component 199 and / or the transceiver 2446 of the network entity 2402 in the embodiment of the present invention are performed. In one example, at least one capability of the UE is received in a frequency band in at least one frequency band combination, or wherein at least one capability of the UE is received for each frequency band pair combination in at least one frequency band pair combination. In another example, at least one capability of the UE is received based on the network node satisfying the minimum specification for supporting CGPA.

[0288] Fig.242400 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 2402. The network entity 2402 may be a BS, may be a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 2402 may include at least one of a CU 2410, a DU 2430, or a RU 2440. For example, depending on the layer functionality processed by the CGPA indication and processing component 199, the network entity 2402 may include a CU 2410; both a CU 2410 and a DU 2430; each of the CU 2410, the DU 2430, and the RU 2440; the DU 2430; both a DU 2430 and a RU 2440; or the RU 2440. The CU 2410 may include a CU processor 2412. The CU processor 2412 may include an on-chip memory 2412′. In some aspects, the CU 2410 may also include an additional memory module 2414 and a communication interface 2418. CU 2410 communicates with DU 2430 via a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. DU 2430 may include a DU processor 2432. DU processor 2432 may include on-chip memory 2432'. In some aspects, DU 2430 may also include an additional memory module 2434 and a communication interface 2438. DU 2430 communicates with RU 2440 via a fronthaul link. RU 2440 may include a RU processor 2442. RU processor 2442 may include on-chip memory 2442'. In some aspects, RU 2440 may also include an additional memory module 2444, one or more transceivers 2446, an antenna 2480, and a communication interface 2448. RU 2440 communicates with UE 104. On-chip memory 2412', 2432', 2442' and additional memory modules 2414, 2434, 2444 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. Each of the processors 2412, 2432, 2442 is responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on the computer readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the corresponding processor, causes the processor to perform the various functions described above. The computer readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the processor when executing the software.

[0289] As discussed above, the CGPA indication and processing component 199 may be configured to send a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference. The CGPA indication and processing component 199 may also be configured to send or receive a second indication of an association between a set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs. The CGPA indication and processing component 199 may also be configured to send or receive a set of RSs based on an association between the set of RSs and one or more CGPAs. The CGPA indication and processing component 199 may be within one or more processors of one or more of the CU 2410, the DU 2430, and the RU 2440. The CGPA indication and processing component 199 may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. The network entity 2402 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 2402 may include a component for sending a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference. The network entity 2402 may also include a component for sending or receiving a second indication of an association between a set of RSs and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs. The network entity 2402 may also include a component for sending or receiving a set of RSs based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs.

[0290] In one configuration, the means for receiving the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs further comprises configuring the network entity 2402 to perform a positioning measurement set for the RS set based on an association between the RS set and the one or more CGPAs. In this configuration, the RS set is a UL SRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the positioning measurement set is associated with a UE assisted positioning session.

[0291] In another configuration, the means for transmitting the RS set based on an association between the RS set and one or more CGPAs further comprises configuring the network entity 2402 to receive at least one of: a positioning measurement set for the RS set, or a position estimate associated with the UE. In this configuration, the RS set is a DL PRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof.

[0292] In another configuration, each CGPA of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0293] In another configuration, each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0294] In another configuration, the one or more transmit properties further include a standard deviation of at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference.

[0295] In another configuration, the amplitude offset or phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0296] In another configuration, the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for the same CC, multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or where the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs for multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0297] In another configuration, the network entity 2402 further includes means for receiving from the UE at least one capability of the UE for CGPA, wherein the first indication is sent based on the at least one capability of the UE. In one example, the at least one capability of the UE is received in a band in at least one band combination, or wherein the at least one capability of the UE is received for each band pair combination in at least one band pair combination. In another example, the at least one capability of the UE is received based on the network node satisfying a minimum specification for supporting CGPA.

[0298] The means may be the CGPA indication and processing component 199 of the network entity 2402 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described above, the network entity 2402 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0299] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is merely an illustration of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart may be rearranged based on design preferences. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The attached method claims provide the elements of the various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0300] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the various aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language claims. Unless otherwise specified, reference to an element in the singular form does not mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Terms such as "if", "when" and "while" do not mean a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when ......", do not mean an instant action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if the conditions are met, the action will occur, but no specific or instantaneous time constraints for the occurrence of the action are required. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "used as an example, instance or illustration". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or having advantages over other aspects. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, which may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If the first device receives data from the second device or sends data to the second device, data can be directly received / sent between the first device and the second device, or data can be indirectly received / sent between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents that are known or will be known later to those of ordinary skill in the art throughout the various aspects of the elements described in this disclosure are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recorded in the claims. Words such as "module", "mechanism", "element", "device" cannot replace the word "component". Therefore, no claim element will be understood as a component plus function unless the element is explicitly recorded using the phrase "component for...".

[0301] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0302] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0303] Aspect 1 is a method for performing wireless communication at a UE, the method comprising: receiving a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference; receiving a second indication of an association between an RS set and one or more CGs, wherein the association maps each RS in the RS set to one of the one or more CGs; and performing a positioning measurement set for the RS set based on the association between the RS set and the one or more CGs.

[0304] Aspect 2 is a method according to Aspect 1, and the method further includes: receiving the RS set based on the association between the RS set and the one or more CGs.

[0305] Aspect 3 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 or 2, the method further comprising: sending at least one of the following: the positioning measurement set, or a position estimate associated with the UE based on the positioning measurement set.

[0306] Aspect 4 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein each CGPA of the one or more CGs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0307] Aspect 5 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein each CGPA of the one or more CGs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0308] Aspect 6 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the one or more transmission attributes also include a standard deviation of at least one of the following: the phase slope parameter, the phase offset parameter, the amplitude offset, the maximum timing coherence, or the transmission time difference.

[0309] Aspect 7 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the amplitude offset or the phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0310] Aspect 8 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs of the same CC, multiple consecutive CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or wherein the RS set corresponds to the multiple BWPs of multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0311] Aspect 9 is a method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, the method further comprising: sending at least one capability of the UE for the CGPA to at least one of a base station, an LMF, a location server or a second UE, wherein the first indication is received based on the at least one capability of the UE.

[0312] Aspect 10 is a method according to aspect 9, wherein the at least one capability of the UE is sent in a frequency band in at least one frequency band combination, or wherein the at least one capability of the UE is sent for each frequency band pair combination in at least one frequency band pair combination.

[0313] Aspect 11 is a method according to aspect 9, wherein the at least one capability of the UE is sent based on the UE satisfying minimum specifications for supporting the CGPA.

[0314] Aspect 12 is a method according to aspect 11, wherein the RS set is a DL PRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the positioning measurement set is associated with a UE-assisted positioning session or a UE-based positioning session.

[0315] Aspect 13 is an apparatus for performing wireless communication at a UE, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and being configured to implement any one of Aspects 1 to 12 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0316] Aspect 14 is the apparatus of aspect 13, further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0317] Aspect 15 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising means for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 12.

[0318] Aspect 16 is a computer-readable medium (eg, non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 12.

[0319] Aspect 17 is a method for performing wireless communications at a UE, the method comprising: receiving a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference; sending a second indication of an association between an RS set and one or more CGs, wherein the association maps each RS in the RS set to one of the one or more CGs; and sending the RS set based on the association between the RS set and the one or more CGs.

[0320] Aspect 18 is a method according to Aspect 17, the method further comprising: receiving a configuration for the RS set based on the association between the RS set and the one or more CGs, and wherein the RS set is sent based on the configuration.

[0321] Aspect 19 is a method according to any one of Aspects 17 or 18, wherein each CGPA of the one or more CGs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0322] Aspect 20 is a method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 19, wherein each CGPA of the one or more CGs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0323] Aspect 21 is a method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 20, wherein the one or more transmission attributes also include a standard deviation of at least one of the following: the phase slope parameter, the phase offset parameter, the amplitude offset, the maximum timing coherence, or the transmission time difference.

[0324] Aspect 22 is a method according to any one of aspects 17 to 21, wherein the amplitude offset or the phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0325] Aspect 23 is a method according to any one of aspects 17 to 22, wherein the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs of the same CC, multiple consecutive CCs, or non-consecutive CCs in the same frequency band, or wherein the RS set corresponds to the multiple BWPs of multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0326] Aspect 24 is a method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 23, the method further comprising: sending at least one capability of the UE for the CGPA to at least one of a base station, an LMF, a location server or a second UE, wherein the first indication is received based on the at least one capability of the UE.

[0327] Aspect 25 is a method according to Aspect 24, wherein the at least one capability of the UE is sent in a frequency band in at least one frequency band combination, or wherein the at least one capability of the UE is sent for each frequency band pair combination in at least one frequency band pair combination.

[0328] Aspect 26 is a method according to aspect 24, wherein the at least one capability of the UE is sent based on the UE satisfying minimum specifications for supporting the CGPA.

[0329] Aspect 27 is a method according to any one of aspects 17 to 26, wherein the RS set is an uplink UL SRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the RS set is sent for a UE-assisted positioning session.

[0330] Aspect 28 is an apparatus for performing wireless communications at a UE, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and being configured to implement any one of Aspects 17 to 27 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0331] Aspect 29 is the apparatus of aspect 28, the apparatus further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0332] Aspect 30 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising means for implementing any one of aspects 17 to 27.

[0333] Aspect 31 is a computer-readable medium (eg, a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 17 to 27.

[0334] Aspect 32 is a method for performing wireless communications at a network node, the method comprising: sending a first indication of a CGPA, wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference; sending or receiving a second indication of an association between an RS set and one or more CGs, wherein the association maps each RS in the RS set to one of the one or more CGs; and sending or receiving the RS set based on the association between the RS set and the one or more CGs.

[0335] Aspect 33 is a method according to Aspect 32, and the method also includes: performing a positioning measurement set for the RS set based on the association between the RS set and the one or more CGs.

[0336] Aspect 34 is a method according to aspect 33, wherein the RS set is a UL SRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the positioning measurement set is associated with a UE-assisted positioning session.

[0337] Aspect 35 is a method according to any one of aspects 32 to 34, the method also comprising: receiving at least one of the following: a positioning measurement set for the RS set, or a position estimate associated with the UE.

[0338] Aspect 36 is a method according to aspect 35, wherein the RS set is a DL PRS, a SL reference signal, or a combination thereof.

[0339] Aspect 37 is a method according to any one of Aspects 32 to 36, wherein each CGPA of the one or more CGs is associated with a CG-ID.

[0340] Aspect 38 is a method according to any one of Aspects 32 to 37, wherein each CGPA of the one or more CGs is associated with one or more PRS resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more PFLs, or a combination thereof.

[0341] Aspect 39 is a method according to any one of Aspects 32 to 38, wherein the one or more transmission attributes also include a standard deviation of at least one of the following: the phase slope parameter, the phase offset parameter, the amplitude offset, the maximum timing coherence, or the transmission time difference.

[0342] Aspect 40 is a method according to any one of aspects 32 to 39, wherein the amplitude offset or the phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

[0343] Aspect 41 is a method according to any one of aspects 32 to 40, wherein the RS set corresponds to multiple BWPs of the same CC, multiple consecutive CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or wherein the RS set corresponds to the multiple BWPs of multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

[0344] Aspect 42 is a method according to any one of aspects 32 to 41, the method further comprising: receiving from a UE at least one capability of the UE for the CGPA, wherein the first indication is sent based on the at least one capability of the UE.

[0345] Aspect 43 is a method according to aspect 42, wherein the at least one capability of the UE is received in a frequency band in at least one frequency band combination, or wherein the at least one capability of the UE is received for each frequency band pair combination in at least one frequency band pair combination.

[0346] Aspect 44 is a method according to aspect 42, wherein the at least one capability of the UE is received based on the network node satisfying minimum specifications for supporting the CGPA.

[0347] Aspect 45 is an apparatus for performing wireless communications at a UE, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and being configured to implement any one of aspects 32 to 44 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0348] Aspect 46 is the apparatus of aspect 28, the apparatus further comprising at least one of a transceiver or an antenna coupled to the at least one processor.

[0349] Aspect 47 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising means for implementing any one of aspects 32 to 44.

[0350] Aspect 48 is a computer-readable medium (eg, a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 32 to 44 .

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: receiving a first indication of a coherent group positioning aggregation (CGPA), wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmit attributes including at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference; receiving a second indication of an association between a set of reference signals (RSs) and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs; and A set of positioning measurements for the set of RSs is performed based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to: The set of RSs is received based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to: Sending at least one of: the positioning measurement set, or a position estimate associated with the UE based on the positioning measurement set.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CGPA identifier (ID).

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more positioning frequency layers (PFLs), or a combination thereof.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more transmit properties further comprise a standard deviation of at least one of: the phase slope parameter, the phase offset parameter, the amplitude offset, the maximum timing coherence, or the transmit time difference.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the amplitude offset or the phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the RS set corresponds to a plurality of bandwidth parts (BWPs) of a same component carrier (CC), a plurality of contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in a same frequency band, or wherein the RS set corresponds to the plurality of BWPs of a plurality of CCs across different frequency bands.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to: At least one capability of the UE for the CGPA is sent to at least one of a base station, a location management function (LMF), a location server, or a second UE, wherein the first indication is received based on the at least one capability of the UE.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the at least one capability of the UE is transmitted in a frequency band in at least one frequency band combination, or wherein the at least one capability of the UE is transmitted for each frequency band pair combination in at least one frequency band pair combination.

11. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least one capability of the UE is sent based on the UE satisfying a minimum specification for supporting the CGPA.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the RS set is a downlink (DL) positioning reference signal (PRS), a sidelink (SL) reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the positioning measurement set is associated with a UE-assisted positioning session or a UE-based positioning session.

13. A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving a first indication of a coherent group positioning aggregation (CGPA), wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmit attributes including at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference; receiving a second indication of an association between a set of reference signals (RSs) and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs; and A set of positioning measurements for the set of RSs is performed based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs.

14. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: receiving a first indication of a coherent group positioning aggregation (CGPA), wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmit attributes including at least one of: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmit time difference; sending a second indication of an association between a set of reference signals (RSs) and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs; and A set of RSs is sent based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs.

15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: A configuration for the set of RSs is received based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs, and wherein the set of RSs is sent based on the configuration.

16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CG identifier (ID).

17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more transmit properties further comprise a standard deviation of the at least one of: the phase slope parameter, the phase offset parameter, the amplitude offset, the maximum timing coherence, or the transmit time difference.

18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the amplitude offset or the phase offset parameter is frequency dependent or valid for a defined frequency range.

19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: At least one capability of the UE for the CGPA is sent to at least one of a base station, a location management function (LMF), a location server, or a second UE, wherein the first indication is received based on the at least one capability of the UE.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one capability of the UE is transmitted in a frequency band in at least one frequency band combination, or wherein the at least one capability of the UE is transmitted for each frequency band pair combination in at least one frequency band pair combination.

21. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one capability of the UE is sent based on the UE satisfying minimum specifications for supporting the CGPA.

22. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the set of RSs is an uplink (UL) sounding reference signal (SRS), a sidelink (SL) reference signal, or a combination thereof, and wherein the set of RSs is transmitted for a UE-assisted positioning session.

23. An apparatus for wireless communication at a network node, the apparatus comprising: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: sending (or receiving) a first indication of a coherent group positioning aggregation (CGPA), wherein the CGPA is associated with one or more transmission attributes including at least one of the following: a phase slope parameter, a phase offset parameter, an amplitude offset, a maximum timing coherence, or a transmission time difference; sending or receiving a second indication of an association between a set of reference signals (RSs) and one or more CGPAs, wherein the association maps each RS in the set of RSs to one of the one or more CGPAs; and The RS set is sent or received based on the association between the RS set and the one or more CGPAs.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the network node receives the set of RSs based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to: A set of positioning measurements for the set of RSs is performed based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs.

25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the network node sends the set of RSs based on the association between the set of RSs and the one or more CGPAs, and wherein the at least one processor is configured to: At least one of: a positioning measurement set for the set of RSs, or a position estimate associated with a user equipment (UE) is received.

26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with a CG identifier (ID).

27. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein each of the one or more CGPAs is associated with one or more positioning reference signal (PRS) resources, one or more PRS resource sets, one or more positioning frequency layers (PFLs), or a combination thereof.

28. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the one or more transmit properties further comprise a standard deviation of the at least one of: the phase slope parameter, the phase offset parameter, the amplitude offset, the maximum timing coherence, or the transmit time difference.

29. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the set of RSs corresponds to multiple bandwidth parts (BWPs) of the same component carrier (CC), multiple contiguous CCs, or non-contiguous CCs in the same frequency band, or wherein the set of RSs corresponds to the multiple BWPs of multiple CCs across different frequency bands.

30. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: At least one capability of a user equipment (UE) for the CGPA is received from the UE, wherein the first indication is sent based on the at least one capability of the UE.

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