Lathyrus quinquenervius and whole corn mixed silage

Abstract

The invention discloses a lathyrus quinquenervius and whole corn mixed silage, which relates to the technical field of feed processing, and has the technical key points that the lathyrus quinquenervius and whole corn are mixed and stored according to different proportions, so that the problems that the lathyrus quinquenervius is low in water-soluble carbohydrate content, high in buffer energy value and difficult to prepare into high-quality silage are solved; the problems that the protein content of whole corn is low and the antinutritional factor content of lathyrus quinquenervius is too high are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, and in particular to a mixed silage of Lathyrus chinensis and whole-plant corn. Background Art

[0002] Lathyrus is an annual crop of the genus Lathyrus in the family Fabaceae of the order Fabales. It has excellent biological characteristics such as cold resistance, drought resistance, resistance to barrenness, and resistance to insect pests. It not only has high yield and is easy to manage, but also has high nutritional value. The protein content of Lathyrus seeds is 26.3% to 34.3%, and the protein content of stems and leaves is 13.82% to 20.14%. Its protein content even exceeds that of alfalfa, the "king of forage grass". In addition, Lathyrus contains up to 17 kinds of amino acids, among which glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and lysine are particularly rich, making it an ideal amino acid carrier to meet the nutritional needs of ruminants. However, because it contains anti-nutritional factors such as β-N-oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid (β-ODAP), excessive consumption can easily lead to poisoning in humans and animals, thus limiting its promotion and application in the arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China.

[0003] Silage is a processing method that can effectively preserve the nutritional components of fresh forage. However, single forage silage often has incomplete and unbalanced nutrients, and the silage quality is poor. Mixed silage can combine the excellent characteristics of multiple forages, improve silage fermentation and nutritional quality, and increase its utilization value. Whole corn is the main source of roughage for ruminant livestock in the arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China. However, the crude protein content in whole corn is low. Therefore, whole corn is often mixed with leguminous forage with high protein content for silage during production and processing, which can neutralize the defects of leguminous forage being difficult to silage and the insufficient protein content of whole corn. Mixing Lathyrus with whole corn for silage can effectively improve the problems of low water-soluble carbohydrate content, high buffering energy, and difficulty in pH reduction during the silage process of Lathyrus. In addition, the mutual complementation of the two can also reduce the concentration of anti-nutritional factors such as β-ODAP in Lathyrus during feeding, while increasing the protein content in silage corn and reducing breeding costs.

[0004] To this end, the present invention aims to provide a mixed silage of Lathyrus chinensis and whole-plant corn. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a mixed silage of lathyrus and whole-plant corn. The whole-plant corn and lathyrus are mixed and stored in different proportions, so as to solve the problems that the content of water-soluble carbohydrates of lathyrus is low, the buffering energy is high, and the pH value decreases rapidly during the silage process, thereby improving the success rate of silage and solving the problems that the nutritional value of the whole-plant corn is low when directly utilized and the lathyrus is difficult to be prepared into high-quality silage.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] The present invention provides a mixed silage of Lathyrus chinensis and whole corn, wherein the preparation method of the silage comprises pre-storage preparation (preparation of silage raw materials), silage preparation, stacking and storage, and taking;

[0008] The preparation for storage includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. Harvesting whole-plant corn at the 3 / 4 milk line stage and Lathyrus at the grain filling stage. The whole-plant corn variety is Wugu 621, and the Lathyrus variety is Dingxi Lathyrus. The cutting height of the whole-plant corn is 15 cm to 20 cm, and the cutting height of the Lathyrus is 5 cm to 10 cm.

[0010] S2. Determine the moisture content of the harvested whole corn and lathyrus. If the moisture content is higher than 65%, dry them in the sun to reduce their dry matter content. If the moisture content is lower than 60%, add water to adjust.

[0011] S3, chop the whole corn and Lathyrus into pieces, with the length of the pieces being 1 cm to 2 cm;

[0012] Silage preparation involves the following steps:

[0013] S1. The harvested whole corn and Lathyrus pea silage raw materials are prepared and bagged for silage within 24 hours;

[0014] S2, evenly mixing the whole corn plant and the Lathyrus chinensis at a fresh weight ratio of 4:1 to prepare silage raw materials;

[0015] S3. Compact the treated silage material tightly to keep its moisture content at 65% to 75% and the compaction density at 750kg / m 3 ;

[0016] The compacted silage materials are packed into silage bags and sealed for storage, and then stacked and stored on site. They can be used after 60 days of silage.

[0017] Silage bags are made of cylindrical polyethylene plastic film and conventional fiber woven bags: colorless, transparent, non-toxic cylindrical polyethylene plastic film is selected, the single layer thickness is 10-12 filaments, the width is 1m, and it is cut into 1.5m-2.0m lengths. One end is tied tightly with a sealing machine and turned over to make an airtight plastic bag; a conventional fiber woven bag of the same size as the plastic bag is put outside the plastic bag to make a silage bag. Each silage bag can hold 85kg-100kg of chopped silage raw materials.

[0018] When sealed storage is performed, the mixed silage raw materials are put into polyethylene film silage bags. When the raw materials are put into the silage bags, they are compacted layer by layer to reduce the residual air in the bags. After the silage bags are filled with raw materials, a vacuum pump is used to evacuate and seal them.

[0019] Stacking and storage

[0020] When stacking and storing, silage bags should be filled and stored on the spot and should not be moved over long distances. The storage area of ​​silage bags should be flat and free of sharp objects. Avoid direct sunlight and rain to prevent aging of plastic bags. Keep away from fire sources, rodents and livestock. When storing silage in stacks, choose the most suitable number of stacking layers according to the weight of the bag. No more than 5 layers per bag greater than 50kg. During stacking or transportation, check whether the bags are damaged at any time, and tape the damaged parts in time. During fermentation, the ambient temperature should be controlled below 35°C. If the temperature is too low, the fermentation time can be appropriately extended. It is strictly forbidden to store them together with toxic, harmful, corrosive and volatile odor items.

[0021] Access

[0022] When the bag is opened for use, the whole corn-lathyrus mixed silage is yellow-brown in color, with an aromatic or wine-sour taste, a soft odor, and a comfortable feeling; the texture is moist and loose, not sticky, and the stems and leaves remain in their original state without mildew; the pH is 3.63, the lactic acid content is 11.6%, the acetic acid content is 3.16%, and the ammonia nitrogen content is 4%; it is generally suitable for use in seasons with low temperatures and lack of grass. The uniform thickness of the material should not be less than 7cm to 10cm.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, this solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The invention aims to explore the optimal mixing ratio by mixing whole-plant corn and lathyrus in different proportions and analyzing the nutritional components and fermentation quality thereof, so as to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for improving the silage fermentation quality of whole-plant corn and lathyrus, and solve the problems that lathyrus has low water-soluble carbohydrate content, high buffering energy value and anti-nutritional factor content, and is difficult to be prepared into high-quality silage, and that whole-plant corn has low protein content. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method steps in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0028] Example:

[0029] 1. Whole-plant corn and Lathyrus were mowed on August 20, 2023 at the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Agricultural Ecosystem in Dingxi City, Gansu Province (34°26'N, 103°52'E, 1955m above sea level). When mowing, the whole-plant corn was in the 3 / 4 stage of the milk line, and the Lathyrus was in the grain filling stage. Six mixing ratios were set, with the whole-plant corn content accounting for 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and 0%, respectively, and the Lathyrus content accounting for 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively. There were 6 treatments in the experiment, with 4 repetitions for each treatment. The freshly mowed whole-plant corn and Lathyrus raw materials were chopped into 1-2 cm with a shredder, and fresh samples were weighed according to the designed ratio. After thorough mixing, they were packed into polyethylene plastic bags and vacuum-sealed for storage. After 60 days of ensiling at room temperature, samples were opened and collected for determination of fermentation quality and nutritional quality.

[0030] 2. Experimental Materials and Methods

[0031] 1) Fermentation quality determination: Determine the pH value, ammonia nitrogen and organic acid content of mixed silage according to the "Determination Method of pH Value, Organic Acid and Ammonia Nitrogen in Silage" (DB15 / T1458-2018).

[0032] 2) Determination of nutrient composition: With reference to "Determination of Water in Feed" (GB / T6435-2014), "Determination of Crude Protein in Feed by Kjeldahl Method" (GB / T64-2018), "Determination of Crude Ash in Feed" (GB / T6438-2007), "Determination of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) in Feed" (GB / T20806-2006), and "Determination of Acid Detergent Fiber in Feed" (NY / T1459-2007), the dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents of mixed silage were determined respectively.

[0033] 3) ODAP toxin detection: Weigh 41 mg of o-phthalaldehyde, dissolve it in 1 mL of ethanol, add 82 μL of β-mercaptoethanol, and prepare liquid A. Then weigh 6.25 g of potassium tetraborate tetrahydrate, dissolve it in a 60°C water bath and cool it to room temperature to prepare liquid B. Mix liquid A with liquid B, make a fixed volume in a 50 mL volumetric flask, and prepare OPA-Tetraborate buffer. Weigh 0.6 mg of Panax notoginseng standard sample in a 2 mL centrifuge tube, heat and dissolve it in 1 mL of ultrapure water at 60°C to prepare Panax notoginseng mother solution. Take 10 mg of silage sample, add 1.5 mL of distilled water, mix it in a vortex, and put it in a 95°C water bath for 20 minutes to extract ODAP toxin. Use a spectrophotometer to detect absorbance (OD) at a wavelength of 420 nm.

[0034] 4) In vitro fermentation: 3 small-tailed Han sheep weighing about 45 kg and in good health were selected. 2 hours before morning feeding, 100 mL of rumen fluid from each test animal was collected through the mouth with a rumen fluid collector. After mixing evenly, it was immediately placed in a 39°C thermos filled with CO2, and immediately taken back to the laboratory for standby use after sealing. The specific formula of artificial saliva is shown in Table 1. As shown in the table, after mixing each solution evenly, CO2 was continuously introduced until the solution changed from light blue to colorless, and then placed in a 39°C water bath for preheating. 0.4000 g of the sample was accurately weighed into a nylon bag containing about 10 g of glass beads, sealed and placed in a 100 ml graduated syringe, and each sample was repeated 3 times. The collected rumen fluid was filtered through two layers of sterile gauze. After the pH value was tested, the filtrate was mixed with artificial saliva in a volume ratio of 1:2. CO2 was introduced and stirred continuously at 39°C until the solution became colorless and reduced. Use a 50ml dispenser to add 40ml of fermentation culture medium to the syringe, put it in a water bath and start fermentation. Avoid bubbles during the fermentation process. After the fermentation starts, gently shake the fermentation tube every hour. When the gas in the fermentation tube is about to exceed its range, deflate it uniformly and record the scale and time of deflation.

[0035] Table 1 Artificial rumen nutrient solution formula

[0036]

[0037] Note: a Stored in brown bottles. b First add 520.2 mL of distilled water, and then add the volumes of the components in the table from left to right.

[0038] 3. The experimental data and results are as follows:

[0039] Table 2 Chemical composition of raw materials

[0040]

[0041] As shown in Table 2, the crude protein content in Lathyrus chinensis is significantly higher than that in whole-plant corn.

[0042] Table 3 Chemical composition of silage

[0043]

[0044] As shown in Table 3, with the increase of the addition amount of Lathyrus chinensis, the silage protein content increased significantly and the neutral detergent fiber decreased significantly.

[0045] Compared with the 100% silage group of Lathyrus chinensis, there was no significant difference in ODAP content between the 20% addition and 0% addition treatment groups.

[0046] Table 4 Silage fermentation characteristics

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] It can be seen from Table 4 that with the increase of the addition amount of Lathyrus chinensis, the ammonia nitrogen content of silage decreased significantly.

[0050] Compared with other addition treatments, the 20% addition treatment group had the lowest pH and ammonia nitrogen content, and the highest lactic acid content and lactic acid / acetic acid.

[0051] Table 5 Silage in vitro fermentation characteristics and dry matter digestibility

[0052]

[0053] As shown in Table 5, as the amount of Lathyrus added increased, the digestibility of silage dry matter increased significantly. Compared with other addition treatments, the TVFA content of the 20% addition treatment group was not significantly different from that of the whole corn control group.

[0054] Conclusion: Considering that the content of anti-nutritional factors such as ODAP in Lathyrus is too high, it is easy to have toxic effects on ruminant livestock. Therefore, the recommended addition amount is 20%. The added ODAP content is low and can effectively improve the fermentation quality of Lathyrus and the protein content of ruminants.

[0055] The above specific embodiments are merely explanations of the present invention and are not limitations of the present invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the embodiments without any creative contribution as needed. However, such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mixed silage of Lathyrus chinensis and whole corn, characterized by: The feed preparation method includes preparation of silage raw materials, silage preparation, stacking and storage, and use; The preparation of silage materials includes the following steps: S1. Harvesting whole-plant corn at the 3 / 4 milk line stage and Lathyrus at the grain filling stage. The whole-plant corn variety is Wugu 621, and the Lathyrus variety is Dingxi Lathyrus. The cutting height of the whole-plant corn is 15 cm to 20 cm, and the cutting height of the Lathyrus is 5 cm to 10 cm. S2. Determine the moisture content of the whole corn and Lathyrus chinensis harvested. If the moisture content is higher than 65%, dry them in the sun to reduce the moisture content. If the moisture content is lower than 60%, add water to adjust the moisture content. S3, chop the whole corn and Lathyrus into pieces, with the length of the pieces being 1 cm to 2 cm; Silage preparation involves the following steps: S1. The whole corn and Lathyrus after harvest are prepared and bagged for silage within 24 hours; S2, mixing whole corn and Lathyrus chinensis evenly at a ratio of 4:1 to prepare silage raw materials; S3. Compact the treated silage material tightly to keep its moisture content at 65% to 75% and the compaction density at 750kg / m 3 ; The compacted silage materials are packed into silage bags and sealed for storage, and then stacked and stored on site. They can be used after 60 days of silage.

2. The mixed silage of Lathyrus chinensis and whole corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silage bag is made of a cylindrical polyethylene plastic film and a conventional fiber woven bag: a colorless, transparent, non-toxic cylindrical polyethylene plastic film is selected, the single layer thickness is 10-12 threads, the width is 1m, and it is cut into 1.5m-2.0m long. One end is tied tightly with a sealing machine and turned over to make an airtight plastic bag; a conventional fiber woven bag of the same size as the plastic bag is put outside the plastic bag to make a silage bag, and each silage bag can hold 85kg-100kg of chopped silage raw materials.

3. The mixed silage of Lathyrus chinensis and whole corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: When sealing and storing, put the silage raw materials into silage bags. When putting the silage raw materials into the silage bags, press them tightly with your hands while putting them in, and compact them layer by layer to reduce the residual air in the bags. Be careful not to break the silage bags during the compaction process. After the silage bags are filled with silage raw materials, use a vacuum pump to evacuate and seal them.

4. The mixed silage of Lathyrus chinensis and whole corn according to claim 1, characterized in that: When stacking and storing, silage bags should be filled and stored on the spot and should not be moved over long distances. The storage area of ​​silage bags should be flat, free of sharp objects, and avoid direct sunlight and rain, and away from fire sources, rodents and livestock; When silage bags are stacked for storage, the most appropriate number of stacking layers should be selected according to the bag weight; during stacking or transportation, check the bags for damage at any time and promptly seal the damaged parts with tape; the ambient temperature during fermentation should be controlled below 35°C; silage is strictly prohibited from being stored together with toxic, harmful, corrosive, or volatile odorous items.

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