Assisted automatic gain control (AGC) for sidelink positioning reference signals (SL-PRS)

Abstract

Techniques for wireless communication are disclosed. In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) transmits or receives a first automatic gain control (AGC) reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of AGC training symbols for a time slot, where locations of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first set of symbols for the time slot configured for a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource; and transmitting or receiving the first SL-PRS resource on the first symbol set of the time slot.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communications. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication systems have evolved over many generations, including first generation analog wireless telephone service (1G), second generation (2G) digital wireless telephone service (including transitional 2.5G and 2.75G networks), third generation (3G) high speed data, wireless service with Internet capabilities, and fourth generation (4G) services (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE) or WiMax). There are many different types of wireless communication systems in use today, including cellular systems and personal communications service (PCS) systems. Examples of known cellular systems include the cellular analog Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), and digital cellular systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), and the like.

[0003] The fifth generation (5G) wireless standard, known as New Radio (NR), enables higher data transfer speeds, a greater number of connections, and better coverage, among other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, the 5G standard is designed to provide higher data rates, more accurate positioning (e.g., based on a reference signal for positioning (RS-P), such as a downlink, uplink, or sidelink positioning reference signal (PRS)), and other technical enhancements compared to previous standards.

[0004] In addition, leveraging the increased data rates and reduced latency of 5G, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technologies are being implemented to support autonomous driving applications, such as wireless communications between vehicles, between vehicles and roadside infrastructure, between vehicles and pedestrians, and so on. Summary of the invention

[0005] The following presents a simplified summary of the invention related to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, the following summary of the invention should neither be considered as an exhaustive overview related to all conceived aspects, nor should it be considered to identify key or decisive elements related to all conceived aspects or to delineate the scope associated with any particular aspect. Therefore, the sole purpose of the following summary of the invention is to present certain concepts related to one or more aspects of the mechanisms disclosed herein in a brief form before the detailed embodiments presented below.

[0006] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes sending or receiving a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource, wherein the first SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols in a time slot, and wherein a first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is configured as an automatic gain control (AGC) training symbol for the first SL-PRS resource.

[0007] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) includes sending or receiving a first automatic gain control (AGC) reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of an AGC training symbol of a time slot, wherein positions of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first symbol set of the time slot configured for a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource; and sending or receiving a first SL-PRS resource on the first symbol set of the time slot.

[0008] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: send or receive a first side link positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource via the at least one transceiver, wherein the first SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols in a time slot, and wherein a first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is configured as an automatic gain control (AGC) training symbol for the first SL-PRS resource.

[0009] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: send or receive a first automatic gain control (AGC) reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of an AGC training symbol of a time slot via the at least one transceiver, wherein the positions of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first symbol set of the time slot configured for a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource; and send or receive a first SL-PRS resource on the first symbol set of the time slot via the at least one transceiver.

[0010] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes components for sending or receiving a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource, wherein the first SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb size and a number of symbols in a time slot, and wherein a first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is configured as an automatic gain control (AGC) training symbol for the first SL-PRS resource.

[0011] In one aspect, a user equipment (UE) includes a component for sending or receiving a first automatic gain control (AGC) reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of an AGC training symbol of a time slot, wherein the positions of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first symbol set of the time slot configured for a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource; and a component for sending or receiving a first SL-PRS resource on the first symbol set of the time slot.

[0012] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: send or receive a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource, wherein the first SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols in a time slot, and wherein a first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is configured as an automatic gain control (AGC) training symbol for the first SL-PRS resource.

[0013] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: send or receive a first automatic gain control (AGC) reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of an AGC training symbol of a time slot, wherein the positions of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first symbol set of the time slot configured for a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource; and send or receive a first SL-PRS resource on the first symbol set of the time slot.

[0014] Other objects and advantages associated with the various aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The accompanying drawings are presented to aid in describing various aspects of the present disclosure and are provided solely for illustration and not limitation of the various aspects.

[0016] Figure 1 An example wireless communication system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0017] Figure 2A and Figure 2B Example wireless network structures according to aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0018] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3Cis a simplified block diagram of several sample aspects of components that may be employed in a user equipment (UE), a base station, and a network entity, respectively, and configured to support communications as taught herein.

[0019] Figure 4 Examples of various positioning methods supported in New Radio (NR) according to aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0020] Figure 5A and Figure 5B Various interesting scenarios for sidelink-only positioning or joint Uu and sidelink positioning according to aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated.

[0021] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating an example frame structure according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig. 7A and Figure 7B Various comb patterns supported for a downlink positioning reference signal (PRS) within a resource block are illustrated.

[0023] Fig. 8A and Figure 8B is a diagram of example sidelink slot structures with and without feedback resources in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig. 9 is a diagram of example resource pools illustrating positioning within a side link resource pool in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig.10 and Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating examples of various SL-PRS resources with common AGC training symbols according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig.12 and Fig.13

[0013] Example methods of wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Various aspects of the present disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings for various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Alternative aspects may be designed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, well-known elements of the present disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted to avoid making the relevant details of the present disclosure difficult to understand.

[0028] The words "exemplary" and / or "example" are used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" and / or "example" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term "aspects of the disclosure" does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage, or mode of operation.

[0029] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any of a variety of different techniques and methods may be used to represent the information and signals described below. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the following description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, which depends in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, and so on.

[0030] In addition, many aspects are described in terms of a sequence of actions to be performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It will be appreciated that the various actions described herein may be performed by a specific circuit (e.g., an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), by program instructions executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of the two. In addition, the sequence of actions described herein may be considered to be fully embodied in any form of non-transient computer-readable storage medium, in which a corresponding computer instruction set is stored, which, when executed, will cause or command the associated processor of the device to perform the functionality described herein. Therefore, various aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in a variety of different forms, all of which have been contemplated to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. In addition, for each of the various aspects described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described actions."

[0031] As used herein, the terms "user equipment" (UE), "vehicle UE" (V-UE), "pedestrian UE" (P-UE), and "base station" are not intended to be dedicated to or otherwise limited to any particular radio access technology (RAT), unless otherwise specified. In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device used by a user to communicate over a wireless communication network (e.g., a vehicle onboard computer, a vehicle navigation device, a mobile phone, a router, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, an asset location device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, glasses, an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), a vehicle (e.g., a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle, etc.), an Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc.). A UE can be mobile or can be stationary (e.g., at certain times) and can communicate with a radio access network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" can be interchangeably referred to as a "mobile device," "access terminal" or "AT," "client device," "wireless device," "subscriber device," "subscriber terminal," "subscriber station," "user terminal" or UT, "mobile terminal," "mobile station," or variations thereof.

[0032] V-UE is a type of UE and may be any in-vehicle wireless communication device, such as a navigation system, an alarm system, a head-up display (HUD), an onboard computer, an in-vehicle infotainment system, an automated driving system (ADS), an advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), etc. Alternatively, V-UE may be a portable wireless communication device (e.g., a cellular phone, a tablet computer, etc.) carried by a driver of a vehicle or an occupant in the vehicle. The term "V-UE" may refer to an in-vehicle wireless communication device or the vehicle itself, depending on the context. P-UE is a type of UE and may be a portable wireless communication device carried by a pedestrian (i.e., a user who is not driving or riding a vehicle). In general, a UE may communicate with a core network via a RAN, and through the core network, the UE may be connected to an external network such as the Internet and to other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to a core network and / or the Internet are also possible for a UE, such as through a wired access network, a wireless local area network (WLAN) network (e.g., based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, etc.), etc.

[0033] A base station may communicate with a UE by operating according to one of several RATs, depending on the network in which the base station is deployed, and may alternatively be referred to as an access point (AP), a network node, a Node B, an evolved Node B (eNB), a next generation eNB (ng-eNB), a new radio (NR) Node B (also referred to as a gNB or gNodeB), etc. A base station may be primarily used to support wireless access for UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for supported UEs. In some systems, a base station may provide only edge node signaling functions, while in other systems, a base station may provide additional control and / or network management functions. A communication link by which a UE may transmit a signal to a base station is referred to as an uplink (UL) channel (e.g., a reverse traffic channel, a reverse control channel, an access channel, etc.). A communication link by which a base station may transmit a signal to a UE is referred to as a downlink (DL) or forward link channel (e.g., a paging channel, a control channel, a broadcast channel, a forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) may refer to a UL / reverse or DL / forward traffic channel.

[0034] The term "base station" may refer to a single physical transmit-receive point (TRP) or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, where the term "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be an antenna of the base station corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. Where the term "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be an antenna array of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). Where the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRP may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected to a common source via a transmission medium) or a remote radio head (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, the non-co-located physical TRP may be a serving base station that receives measurement reports from a UE and a neighboring base station whose reference radio frequency (RF) signal the UE is measuring. Because, as used herein, a TRP is a point by which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, references to transmitting from a base station or receiving at a base station should be understood to refer to a specific TRP of a base station.

[0035] In some implementations of supporting UE positioning, a base station may not support wireless access for a UE (e.g., may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections for a UE), but instead may send a reference RF signal to the UE for measurement by the UE, and / or may receive and measure signals sent by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., in the case of sending an RF signal to the UE) and / or as a positioning measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring an RF signal from the UE).

[0036] An "RF signal" includes an electromagnetic wave of a given frequency that transmits information through the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may transmit a single "RF signal" or multiple "RF signals" to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple "RF signals" corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between a transmitter and a receiver may be referred to as a "multipath" RF signal. As used herein, an RF signal may also be referred to as a "wireless signal" or simply a "signal" where it is clear from the context that the term "signal" refers to a wireless signal or an RF signal.

[0037] Figure 1 An example wireless communication system 100 according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (which may also be referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include various base stations 102 (labeled as "BS") and various UEs 104. The base stations 102 may include macrocell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, the macrocell base stations 102 may include eNBs and / or ng-eNBs (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an LTE network) or gNBs (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network) or a combination of both, and the small cell base stations may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0038] The base stations 102 may collectively form a RAN and interface with a core network 170 (e.g., an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC)) through a backhaul link 122, and interface with one or more location servers 172 (e.g., a location management function (LMF) or a secure user plane location (SUPL) location platform (SLP)) through the core network 170. The location server 172 may be part of the core network 170 or may be external to the core network 170. The location server 172 may be integrated with the base station 102. The UE 104 may communicate with the location server 172 directly or indirectly. For example, the UE 104 may communicate with the location server 172 via the base station 102 currently serving the UE 104. The UE 104 may also communicate with the location server 172 through another path, such as via an application server (not shown), via another network, such as via a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AP) (e.g., the AP 150 described below), and the like. For signaling purposes, communications between UE 104 and location server 172 may be represented as an indirect connection (e.g., through core network 170, etc.) or a direct connection (e.g., as shown via direct connection 128), with intermediate nodes (if any) omitted from the signaling diagram for clarity.

[0039] The base stations 102 may also perform functions related to one or more of the following, among other functions: delivering user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., through EPC / 5GC) over a backhaul link 134, which may be wired or wireless.

[0040] Base station 102 may communicate wirelessly with UE 104. Each of base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. In one aspect, one or more cells may be supported by base station 102 in each geographic coverage area 110. A "cell" is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., via a frequency resource, which is referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.), and may be associated with an identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCI), an enhanced cell identifier (ECI), a virtual cell identifier (VCI), a cell global identifier (CGI), etc.) used to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., machine type communication (MTC), narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), or other protocol types) that may provide access to different types of UEs. Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, depending on the context, the term "cell" may refer to one or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting it. In some cases, the term “cell” may also refer to a geographic coverage area (eg, a sector) of a base station, so long as a carrier frequency can be detected and used for communications within some portion of the geographic coverage area 110 .

[0041] Although the geographic coverage areas 110 of neighboring macrocell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in a handover area), some of the geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with the larger geographic coverage area 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' (labeled "SC" for "small cell") may have a geographic coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the geographic coverage areas 110 of one or more macrocell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macrocell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group called a closed subscriber group (CSG).

[0042] The communication link 120 between the base station 102 and the UE 104 may include uplink (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from the base station 102 to the UE 104. The communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication link 120 may be over one or more carrier frequencies. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric for the downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink than to the uplink).

[0043] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a WLAN access point (AP) 150 that communicates with a wireless local area network (WLAN) station (STA) 152 in an unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz) via a communication link 154. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or the WLAN AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) or a listen before talk (LBT) procedure prior to communication to determine whether a channel is available.

[0044] The small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in the unlicensed spectrum, the small cell base station 102' can adopt LTE or NR technology and use the same 5GHz unlicensed spectrum used by the WLAN AP 150. The small cell base station 102' adopting LTE / 5G in the unlicensed spectrum can improve the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in the unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA) or MulteFire.

[0045] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a mmW base station 180 that can operate in millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies and / or near mmW frequencies to communicate with UE 182. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with a wavelength between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near mmW can be extended down to a frequency of 3 GHz, with a wavelength of 100 mm. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, which is also referred to as centimeter waves. Communications using mmW / near mmW radio frequency bands have high path loss and relatively short distances. The mmW base station 180 and the UE 182 can utilize beamforming (transmitting and / or receiving) on ​​the mmW communication link 184 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short distance. In addition, it should be understood that in an alternative configuration, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near mmW and beamforming for transmission. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0046] Transmit beamforming is a technique for focusing an RF signal in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). With transmit beamforming, the network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thereby providing a faster (in terms of data rate) and stronger RF signal to the receiving device. In order to change the directionality of the RF signal when transmitting, the network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of the one or more transmitters that broadcast the RF signal. For example, a network node can use an array of antennas (called a "phased array" or "antenna array") that creates RF beams that can be "steered" to point in different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, the RF current from the transmitter is fed to each antenna in the correct phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate antennas are added together in the desired direction to increase radiation, while canceling out in the undesired direction to suppress radiation.

[0047] The transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, meaning that they appear to the receiver (e.g., UE) to have the same parameters regardless of whether the network node's own transmit antennas are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-location (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters about the second reference RF signal on the second beam can be derived based on information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal sent on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal sent on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal sent on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type D, the receiver may use the source reference RF signal to estimate spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0048] In receive beamforming, the receiver uses receive beams to amplify RF signals detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver may increase the gain setting of the antenna array in a particular direction and / or adjust the phase setting of the antenna array in a particular direction to amplify the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Therefore, when a receiver is said to perform beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is high relative to the beam gain along other directions, or the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain in that direction of all other receive beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0049] The transmit beam and the receive beam may be spatially correlated. The spatial relationship means that the parameters of the second beam (e.g., transmit beam or receive beam) for the second reference signal may be derived from information about the first beam (e.g., receive beam or transmit beam) of the first reference signal. For example, the UE may use a specific receive beam to receive a reference downlink reference signal (e.g., a synchronization signal block (SSB)) from a base station. The UE may then form a transmit beam for transmitting an uplink reference signal (e.g., a sounding reference signal (SRS)) to the base station based on the parameters of the receive beam.

[0050] Note that, depending on the entity forming the "downlink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming a downlink beam to send a reference signal to the UE, the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if the UE is forming a downlink beam, the downlink beam is a receive beam that receives a downlink reference signal. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the "uplink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if the base station is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, while if the UE is forming an uplink beam, the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0051] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz - 7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz). It should be understood that, despite the portion of FR1 being greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz - 300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0052] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend the features of FR1 and / or FR2 to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations beyond 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (52.6GHz-114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0053] In view of the above aspects, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "below 6 GHz" or the like is used in this document, it can be broadly referred to as a frequency that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if the term "millimeter wave" or the like is used in this document, it can be broadly referred to as a frequency that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1 and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0054] In a multi-carrier system (such as 5G), one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the "primary carrier" or "anchor carrier" or "primary serving cell" or "PCell", and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as "secondary carriers" or "secondary serving cells" or "SCells". In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is a carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) used by the UE 104 / 182 and the cell in which the UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection reestablishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). A secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that can be configured and used to provide additional radio resources once an RRC connection is established between the UE 104 and the anchor carrier. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only necessary signaling information and signals, for example, since the primary uplink carrier and the primary downlink carrier are usually UE-specific, those UE-specific signaling information and signals may not be present in the secondary carrier. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 in a cell may have different downlink primary carriers. The same is true for the uplink primary carrier. The network is able to change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Since a "serving cell" (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency / component carrier through which a base station communicates, the terms "cell", "serving cell", "component carrier", "carrier frequency", etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0055] For example, still refer to Figure 1, one of the frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 may be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies used by the macrocell base station 102 and / or the mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ("SCells"). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception of multiple carriers enables the UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission and / or reception rate. For example, two 20 MHz aggregated carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40 MHz) compared to the data rate obtained with a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0056] exist Figure 1 In the example of FIG. 1 , the UE illustrated (for simplicity, in Figure 1 Any UE (shown as a single UE 104 in FIG. 1 ) can receive a signal 124 from one or more earth orbiting space vehicles (SVs) 112 (e.g., satellites). In one aspect, the SVs 112 can be part of a satellite positioning system that the UEs 104 can use as an independent source of location information. A satellite positioning system typically includes a system of transmitters (e.g., SVs 112) positioned to enable a receiver (e.g., UE 104) to determine its position on or above the earth based at least in part on positioning signals (e.g., signals 124) received from the transmitters. Such transmitters typically transmit a signal with a repeating pseudo-random noise (PN) code marked with a set number of chips. Although typically located in the SVs 112, the transmitters can sometimes be located on ground-based control stations, base stations 102, and / or other UEs 104. The UEs 104 can include one or more dedicated receivers that are specifically designed to receive the signal 124 in order to derive geographic location information from the SVs 112.

[0057] In a satellite positioning system, the use of signal 124 may be enhanced by various satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) that may be associated with or otherwise enabled for use with one or more global and / or regional navigation satellite systems. For example, SBAS may include augmentation systems that provide integrity information, differential corrections, and the like, such as Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS), Multifunction Satellite Augmentation System (MSAS), Global Positioning System (GPS) Assisted Geographic Augmented Navigation, or GPS and Geographic Augmented Navigation System (GAGAN), and the like. Thus, as used herein, a satellite positioning system may include any combination of one or more global and / or regional navigation satellites associated with such one or more satellite positioning systems.

[0058] In one aspect, SV 112 may additionally or alternatively be part of one or more non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). In an NTN, SV 112 is connected to an earth station (also referred to as a ground station, NTN gateway, or gateway), which in turn is connected to an element in a 5G network, such as a modified base station 102 (without a ground antenna) or a network node in a 5GC. This element in turn will provide access to other elements in the 5G network, and ultimately provide access to entities outside the 5G network (such as Internet web servers and other user devices). In this way, instead of or in addition to communication signals from a ground base station 102, a UE 104 may receive communication signals (e.g., signal 124) from a SV 112.

[0059] In particular, leveraging the increased data rates and reduced latency of NR, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication technology is being implemented to support intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications, such as wireless communications between vehicles (vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)), between vehicles and roadside infrastructure (vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I)), and between vehicles and pedestrians (vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P)). The goal is to enable vehicles to sense the environment around them and communicate that information to other vehicles, infrastructure, and personal mobile devices. Such vehicle communications will enable safety, mobility, and environmental advances that current technology cannot provide. Once fully implemented, this technology is expected to reduce non-damaged vehicle collisions by 80%.

[0060] Still reference Figure 1, the wireless communication system 100 may include a plurality of V-UEs 160 that may communicate with a base station 102 over a communication link 120 using a Uu interface (i.e., an air interface between a UE and a base station). The V-UEs 160 may also communicate directly with each other over a wireless side link 162, with a roadside unit (RSU) 164 (roadside access point) over a wireless side link 166, or with a sidelink-capable UE 104 over a wireless side link 168 using a PC5 interface (i.e., an air interface between sidelink-capable UEs). A wireless side link (or simply "sidelink") is an adaptation of a core cellular network (e.g., LTE, NR) standard that allows direct communication between two or more UEs without communicating through a base station. Sidelink communications may be unicast or multicast and may be used for device-to-device (D2D) media sharing, V2V communications, V2X communications (e.g., cellular V2X (cV2X) communications, enhanced V2X (eV2X) communications, etc.), emergency rescue applications, etc. One or more V-UEs in a group of V-UEs 160 utilizing sidelink communication may be within the geographic coverage area 110 of the base station 102. Other V-UEs 160 in such a group may be outside the geographic coverage area 110 of the base station 102, or otherwise unable to receive transmissions from the base station 102. In some cases, groups of V-UEs 160 communicating via sidelink communication may utilize a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each V-UE 160 transmits to each other V-UE 160 in the group. In some cases, the base station 102 facilitates the scheduling of resources for sidelink communication. In other cases, sidelink communication is performed between V-UEs 160 without involving the base station 102.

[0061] In one aspect, the sidelinks 162, 166, 168 can operate over a wireless communication medium of interest, which can be shared with other vehicles and / or infrastructure access points and other wireless communications between other RATs. A "medium" may include one or more time, frequency, and / or spatial communication resources (e.g., covering one or more channels across one or more carriers) associated with wireless communications between one or more transmitter / receiver pairs.

[0062] In one aspect, the sidelinks 162, 166, 168 may be cV2X links. The first generation of cV2X has been standardized in LTE, and the next generation is expected to be defined in NR. cV2X is a cellular technology that also enables device-to-device communications. In the United States and Europe, cV2X is expected to operate in the licensed ITS bands below 6 GHz. Other frequency bands may be allocated in other countries. Thus, as a specific example, the medium of interest utilized by the sidelinks 162, 166, 168 may correspond to at least a portion of the licensed ITS bands below 6 GHz. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this frequency band or cellular technology.

[0063] In one aspect, the side links 162, 166, 168 may be dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) links. DSRC is a unidirectional or bidirectional short-range to medium-range wireless communication protocol that uses the Wireless Access to Vehicular Environment (WAVE) protocol (also known as IEEE 802.11p) for V2V, V2I, and V2P communications. IEEE 802.11p is an approved modification to the IEEE 802.11 standard and operates in the licensed ITS band at 5.9 GHz (5.85 GHz-5.925 GHz) in the United States. In Europe, IEEE 802.11p operates in the ITS G5A band (5.875 GHz-5.905 MHz). Other frequency bands may be allocated in other countries. The V2V communications briefly described above occur on a safety channel, which is typically a 10 MHz channel dedicated to safety purposes in the United States. The rest of the DSRC band (total bandwidth is 75 MHz) is intended for other services of interest to drivers, such as road regulations, toll collection, parking automation, etc. Thus, as a specific example, the medium of interest utilized by the sidelinks 162, 166, 168 may correspond to at least a portion of the licensed ITS band at 5.9 GHz.

[0064] Alternatively, the medium of interest may correspond to at least a portion of an unlicensed frequency band shared among various RATs. Although different licensed frequency bands have been reserved for certain communication systems (e.g., by government entities such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States), these systems (particularly those employing small cell access points) have recently expanded operations into unlicensed frequency bands such as the Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (U-NII) band used by wireless local area network (WLAN) technologies (most notably the IEEE 802.11x WLAN technology commonly referred to as "Wi-Fi"). Example systems of this type include different variations of CDMA systems, TDMA systems, FDMA systems, orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) systems, single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) systems, and the like.

[0065] Communication between V-UEs 160 is referred to as V2V communication, communication between V-UEs 160 and one or more RSUs 164 is referred to as V2I communication, and communication between V-UEs 160 and one or more UEs 104 (where these UEs 104 are P-UEs) is referred to as V2P communication. V2V communication between V-UEs 160 may include, for example, information about the position, speed, acceleration, heading, and other vehicle data of these V-UEs 160. V2I information received at the V-UE 160 from one or more RSUs 164 may include, for example, road rules, parking automation information, etc. V2P communication between V-UEs 160 and UEs 104 may include information about, for example, the position, speed, acceleration, and heading of the V-UEs 160 and the position, speed (e.g., in the case where the UE 104 is carried by a user on a bicycle), and heading of the UEs 104.

[0066] Note that although Figure 1 Only two of the UEs are illustrated as V-UEs (V-UE 160), but any of the illustrated UEs (e.g., UE 104, 152, 182, 190) may be V-UEs. In addition, although only these V-UEs 160 and a single UE 104 have been illustrated as being connected via a side link, Figure 1 Any of the illustrated UEs, whether V-UE, P-UE, etc., may be capable of sidelink communications. Furthermore, although only UE 182 is described as being capable of beamforming, any of the illustrated UEs (including V-UE 160) may be capable of beamforming. In the event that V-UE 160 is capable of beamforming, they may beamform toward each other (i.e., toward other V-UE 160), toward RSU 164, toward other UEs (e.g., UE 104, 152, 182, 190), etc. Thus, in some cases, V-UE 160 may utilize beamforming on sidelinks 162, 166, and 168.

[0067] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs (such as UE 190) indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links. Figure 1In the example of FIG. 1 , UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of base stations 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity through the link), and has a D2D P2P link 194 with WLAN STA 152 connected to WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity through the link). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can be supported by any well-known D2D RAT, such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), WiFi Direct (WiFi-D), Bluetooth ® Etc. As another example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 may be side links, as described above with reference to side links 162 , 166 , and 168 .

[0068] Figure 2A An example wireless network structure 200 is illustrated. For example, the 5GC 210 (also referred to as the Next Generation Core (NGC)) can be functionally viewed as a control plane (C-plane) function 214 (e.g., UE registration, authentication, network access, gateway selection, etc.) and a user plane (U-plane) function 212 (e.g., UE gateway function, access to data networks, IP routing, etc.), which operate in conjunction to form a core network. The user plane interface (NG-U) 213 and the control plane interface (NG-C) 215 connect the gNB 222 to the 5GC 210, and specifically to the user plane function 212 and the control plane function 214, respectively. In an additional configuration, the ng-eNB 224 can also be connected to the 5GC 210 via the NG-C 215 to the control plane function 214 and the NG-U 213 to the user plane function 212. In addition, the ng-eNB 224 can communicate directly with the gNB 222 via the backhaul connection 223. In some configurations, a next generation RAN (NG-RAN) 220 may have one or more gNBs 222, while other configurations include one or more of ng-eNBs 224 and gNBs 222. Either (or both) the gNBs 222 or ng-eNBs 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein).

[0069] Another optional aspect may include a location server 230 that can communicate with the 5GC 210 to provide location assistance for the UE 204. The location server 230 can be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively can each correspond to a single server. The location server 230 can be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204 that can be connected to the location server 230 via the core network, the 5GC 210, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). In addition, the location server 230 can be integrated into a component of the core network, or alternatively can be external to the core network (e.g., a third-party server, such as an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) server or a service server).

[0070] Figure 2B Another example wireless network structure 240 is illustrated. 5GC 260 (which may correspond to Figure 2AThe 5GC 210 in the figure can be functionally considered as a control plane function provided by an access and mobility management function (AMF) 264, and a user plane function provided by a user plane function (UPF) 262, which operate in conjunction to form a core network (i.e., 5GC 260). The functions of AMF 264 include: registration management, connection management, reachability management, mobility management, lawful interception, transmission of session management (SM) messages between one or more UEs 204 (e.g., any of the UEs described herein) and a session management function (SMF) 266, a transparent proxy service for routing SM messages, access authentication and access authorization, transmission of short message service (SMS) messages between UE 204 and a short message service function (SMSF) (not shown), and security anchor functionality (SEAF). AMF 264 also interacts with an authentication server function (AUSF) (not shown) and UE 204, and receives an intermediate key established as a result of the UE 204 authentication process. In case of authentication based on UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Subscriber Identity Module (USIM), AMF 264 retrieves security material from AUSF. The functionality of AMF 264 also includes security context management (SCM). SCM receives keys from SEAF, which are used by SCM to derive access network specific keys. The functionality of AMF 264 also includes location service management for regulatory services, transmission of location service messages between UE 204 and Location Management Function (LMF) 270 (which acts as location server 230), transmission of location service messages between NG-RAN 220 and LMF 270, allocation of Evolved Packet System (EPS) bearer identifiers for interoperation with EPS, and UE 204 mobility event notifications. In addition, AMF 264 also supports functionality for non-3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) access networks.

[0071] The functions of the UPF 262 include: acting as an anchor point for intra-RAT / inter-RAT mobility (when applicable), acting as an external protocol data unit (PDU) session point for interconnection to a data network (not shown), providing packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection, user plane policy rule enforcement (e.g., gating, redirection, traffic steering), lawful interception (user plane collection), traffic usage reporting, user plane quality of service (QoS) handling (e.g., uplink / downlink rate enforcement, reflective QoS marking in downlink), uplink traffic verification (service data flow (SDF) to QoS flow mapping), transport level packet marking in uplink and downlink, downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, and transmitting and forwarding one or more "end markers" to the source RAN node. The UPF 262 may also support the delivery of location service messages between the UE 204 and a location server (such as the SLP 272) on the user plane.

[0072] The functions of SMF 266 include session management, UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation and management, selection and control of user plane functions, traffic steering configuration for routing traffic to the correct destination at UPF 262, partial control of policy enforcement and QoS, and downlink data notification. The interface through which SMF 266 communicates with AMF 264 is called the N11 interface.

[0073] Another optional aspect may include an LMF 270 that can communicate with the 5GC 260 to provide location assistance for the UE 204. The LMF 270 can be implemented as multiple separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or alternatively can each correspond to a single server. The LMF 270 can be configured to support one or more location services for the UE 204, which can be connected to the LMF 270 via the core network, the 5GC 260, and / or via the Internet (not illustrated). The SLP 272 may support similar functionality as the LMF 270, but the LMF 270 may communicate with the AMF 264, the NG-RAN 220, and the UE 204 on a control plane (e.g., using interfaces and protocols intended to carry signaling messages rather than voice or data), and the SLP 272 may communicate with the UE 204 and external clients (e.g., third-party servers 274) on a user plane (e.g., using protocols intended to carry voice and / or data, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and / or IP).

[0074] Yet another optional aspect may include a third-party server 274 that may communicate with the LMF 270, SLP 272, 5GC 260 (e.g., via AMF 264 and / or UPF 262), NG-RAN 220, and / or UE 204 to obtain location information (e.g., location estimate) of UE 204. Thus, in some cases, the third-party server 274 may be referred to as a location service (LCS) client or an external client. The third-party server 274 may be implemented as a plurality of separate servers (e.g., physically separate servers, different software modules on a single server, different software modules distributed across multiple physical servers, etc.), or may alternatively each correspond to a single server.

[0075] The user plane interface 263 and the control plane interface 265 connect the 5GC 260, and specifically the UPF 262 and the AMF 264, respectively, to one or more gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 in the NG-RAN 220. The interface between the gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 and the AMF 264 is referred to as the "N2" interface, and the interface between the gNB 222 and / or ng-eNB 224 and the UPF 262 is referred to as the "N3" interface. The gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 of the NG-RAN 220 may communicate directly with each other via a backhaul connection 223 referred to as an "Xn-C" interface. One or more of the gNBs 222 and / or ng-eNBs 224 may communicate with one or more UEs 204 via a wireless interface referred to as a "Uu" interface.

[0076] The functionality of the gNB 222 is divided between a gNB Central Unit (gNB-CU) 226, one or more gNB Distributed Units (gNB-DU) 228, and one or more gNB Radio Units (gNB-RU) 229. The gNB-CU 226 is a logical node that includes base station functions other than those specifically assigned to the gNB-DU 228, including delivery of user data, mobility control, radio access network sharing, positioning, session management, etc. More specifically, the gNB-CU 226 generally hosts the RRC, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), and Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) protocols of the gNB 222. The gNB-DU 228 is a logical node that generally hosts the Radio Link Control (RLC) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layers of the gNB 222. Its operation is controlled by the gNB-CU 226. One gNB-DU 228 can support one or more cells, and one cell is supported by only one gNB-DU 228. The interface 232 between the gNB-CU 226 and one or more gNB-DUs 228 is referred to as the "F1" interface. The physical (PHY) layer functionality of the gNB 222 is typically hosted by one or more independent gNB-RUs 229, which perform functions such as power amplification and signal transmission / reception. The interface between the gNB-DU 228 and the gNB-RU 229 is referred to as the "Fx" interface. Thus, the UE 204 communicates with the gNB-CU 226 via the RRC layer, the SDAP layer, and the PDCP layer, communicates with the gNB-DU 228 via the RLC layer and the MAC layer, and communicates with the gNB-RU 229 via the PHY layer.

[0077] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C Several example components (represented by corresponding blocks) are illustrated, which may be incorporated into a UE 302 (which may correspond to any of the UEs described herein), a base station 304 (which may correspond to any of the base stations described herein), and a network entity 306 (which may correspond to or embody any of the network functions described herein, including the location server 230 and the LMF 270, or alternatively may be independent of Figure 2A and Figure 2BThe depicted NG-RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260 infrastructure, such as a dedicated network, to support operations as described herein. It should be understood that these components can be implemented in different types of devices with different specific implementations (e.g., in an ASIC, in a system on a chip (SoC), etc.). The illustrated components can also be incorporated into other devices in the communication system. For example, other devices in the system may include components similar to those described as providing similar functionality. In addition, a given device may include one or more of these components. For example, a device may include multiple transceiver components that enable the device to operate on multiple carriers and / or communicate via different technologies.

[0078] UE 302 and base station 304 each include one or more wireless wide area network (WWAN) transceivers 310 and 350, respectively, which provide means (e.g., means for transmitting, means for receiving, means for measuring, means for tuning, means for preventing transmitting, etc.) for communicating via one or more wireless communication networks (not shown), such as NR networks, LTE networks, GSM networks, etc. The WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can each be connected to one or more antennas 316 and 356, respectively, for communicating with other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations (e.g., eNBs, gNBs), etc.) via at least one designated RAT (e.g., NR, LTE, GSM, etc.) over a wireless communication medium of interest (e.g., a certain set of time / frequency resources in a specific frequency spectrum). The WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 can be configured in different ways to transmit and encode signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) according to the specified RAT, and conversely, receive and decode the signals 318 and 358 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, the WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 include: one or more transmitters 314 and 354 for transmitting and encoding the signals 318 and 358, respectively, and one or more receivers 312 and 352 for receiving and decoding the signals 318 and 358, respectively.

[0079] At least in some cases, the UE 302 and the base station 304 each further include one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360, respectively. The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be connected to one or more antennas 326 and 366, respectively, and provide for communicating over the wireless communication medium of interest via at least one designated RAT (e.g., WiFi, LTE-D, Bluetooth ® 、Zigbee ® 、Z-Wave ®, PC5, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), wireless access for vehicle environments (WAVE), near field communication (NFC), ultra-wideband (UWB), etc.) and other network nodes (such as other UEs, access points, base stations, etc.) (e.g., components for sending, components for receiving, components for measuring, components for tuning, components for preventing sending, etc.). The short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 can be configured in different ways to send and encode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, etc.) according to the specified RAT, and conversely, receive and decode signals 328 and 368 (e.g., messages, indications, information, pilots, etc.). Specifically, the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 respectively include: one or more transmitters 324 and 364 for sending and encoding signals 328 and 368, respectively, and one or more receivers 322 and 362 for receiving and decoding signals 328 and 368, respectively. As a specific example, the short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 may be WiFi transceivers, Bluetooth ® Transceiver, Zigbee ® and / or Z-Wave ® transceiver, NFC transceiver, UWB transceiver or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and / or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) transceiver.

[0080] At least in some cases, the UE 302 and the base station 304 also include satellite signal receivers 330 and 370. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can be connected to one or more antennas 336 and 376, respectively, and can provide components for receiving and / or measuring satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. In the case where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are satellite positioning system receivers, the satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 can be global positioning system (GPS) signals, global navigation satellite system (GLONASS) signals, Galileo signals, Beidou signals, Indian regional navigation satellite system (NAVIC), Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), etc. In the case where the satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 are non-terrestrial network (NTN) receivers, the satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378 can be communication signals (e.g., carrying control and / or user data) originating from a 5G network. The satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 can include any suitable hardware and / or software for receiving and processing satellite positioning / communication signals 338 and 378, respectively. Satellite signal receivers 330 and 370 may request information and operations from other systems as appropriate and, at least in some cases, perform calculations using measurements obtained by any suitable satellite positioning system algorithm to determine the location of UE 302 and base station 304, respectively.

[0081] The base station 304 and the network entity 306 each include one or more network transceivers 380 and 390, respectively, which provide components (e.g., components for sending, components for receiving, etc.) for communicating with other network entities (e.g., other base stations 304, other network entities 306). For example, the base station 304 can use one or more network transceivers 380 to communicate with other base stations 304 or network entities 306 through one or more wired or wireless backhaul links. For another example, the network entity 306 can use one or more network transceivers 390 to communicate with one or more base stations 304 through one or more wired or wireless backhaul links, or communicate with other network entities 306 through one or more wired or wireless core network interfaces.

[0082] The transceiver may be configured to communicate over a wired or wireless link. A transceiver (whether a wired transceiver or a wireless transceiver) includes a transmitter circuit (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) and a receiver circuit (e.g., receivers 312, 322, 352, 362). In some implementations, the transceiver may be an integrated device (e.g., implementing the transmitter circuit and the receiver circuit in a single device), in some implementations may include separate transmitter circuits and separate receiver circuits, or may be implemented in other ways in other implementations. The transmitter circuit and the receiver circuit of a wired transceiver (e.g., in some implementations, network transceivers 380 and 390) may be coupled to one or more wired network interface ports. The wireless transmitter circuitry (e.g., transmitters 314, 324, 354, 364) may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as antenna arrays, which allow the corresponding device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform transmit "beamforming", as described herein. Similarly, the wireless receiver circuitry (e.g., receiver 312, 322, 352, 362) may include or be coupled to multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366), such as antenna arrays, which allow the corresponding device (e.g., UE 302, base station 304) to perform receive beamforming, as described herein. In one aspect, the transmitter circuitry and the receiver circuitry may share the same multiple antennas (e.g., antennas 316, 326, 356, 366) so that the corresponding device can only receive or only transmit at a given time, rather than both receive and transmit at the same time. The wireless transceivers (eg, WWAN transceivers 310 and 350 , short-range wireless transceivers 320 and 360 ) may also include a network listening module (NLM) or the like for performing various measurements.

[0083] As used herein, various wireless transceivers (e.g., in some implementations, transceivers 310, 320, 350, and 360, and network transceivers 380 and 390) and wired transceivers (e.g., in some implementations, network transceivers 380 and 390) may be generally referred to as a "transceiver," "at least one transceiver," or "one or more transceivers." Thus, whether a particular transceiver is a wired or wireless transceiver may be inferred based on the type of communication being performed. For example, backhaul communications between network devices or servers typically involve signaling via a wired transceiver, while wireless communications between a UE (e.g., UE 302) and a base station (e.g., base station 304) will typically involve signaling via a wireless transceiver.

[0084] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 also include other components that can be used in conjunction with the operations disclosed herein. UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 include one or more processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, for providing functionality related to, for example, wireless communication, and for providing other processing functionality. Thus, processors 332, 384, and 394 can provide means for processing, such as means for determining, means for calculating, means for receiving, means for sending, means for indicating, etc. In one aspect, processors 332, 384, and 394 can include, for example, one or more general-purpose processors, multi-core processors, central processing units (CPUs), ASICs, digital signal processors (DSPs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), other programmable logic devices or processing circuits, or various combinations thereof.

[0085] UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 include memory circuitry implementing memory 340, 386, and 396 (e.g., each including a memory device) for maintaining information (e.g., information indicating reserved resources, thresholds, parameters, etc.). Thus, memory 340, 386, and 396 may provide means for storing, means for retrieving, means for maintaining, etc. In some cases, UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may include positioning components 342, 388, and 398, respectively. Positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be hardware circuits that are part of or coupled to processors 332, 384, and 394, respectively, which when executed cause UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. In other aspects, positioning components 342, 388, and 398 may be external to processors 332, 384, and 394 (e.g., part of a modem processing system, integrated with another processing system, etc.). Alternatively, the positioning components 342, 388 and 398 can be memory modules stored in the memories 340, 386 and 396, respectively, which when executed by the processors 332, 384 and 394 (or a modem processing system, another processing system, etc.), cause the UE 302, the base station 304 and the network entity 306 to perform the functionality described herein. Figure 3A Possible locations for a location component 342 are illustrated, which may be, for example, part of one or more WWAN transceivers 310, memory 340, one or more processors 332, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. Figure 3B Possible locations for a location component 388 are illustrated, which may be, for example, part of one or more WWAN transceivers 350, memory 386, one or more processors 384, or any combination thereof, or may be a standalone component. Figure 3C Possible locations for a location component 398 are illustrated, which may be, for example, part of one or more network transceivers 390, memory 396, one or more processors 394, or any combination thereof, or may be a stand-alone component.

[0086] The UE 302 may include one or more sensors 344 coupled to the one or more processors 332 to provide a means for sensing or detecting movement and / or orientation information that is independent of motion data derived from signals received by the one or more WWAN transceivers 310, the one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, and / or the satellite signal receiver 330. By way of example, the sensor 344 may include an accelerometer (e.g., a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) device), a gyroscope, a geomagnetic sensor (e.g., a compass), an altimeter (e.g., a barometric altimeter), and / or any other type of motion detection sensor. In addition, the sensor 344 may include multiple different types of devices and combine their outputs to provide motion information. For example, the sensor 344 may use a combination of a multi-axis accelerometer and an orientation sensor to provide the ability to calculate positioning in a two-dimensional (2D) and / or three-dimensional (3D) coordinate system.

[0087] In addition, the UE 302 includes a user interface 346, which provides means for providing indications to the user (e.g., audible and / or visual indications) and / or for receiving user input (e.g., when the user actuates a sensing device such as a keypad, touch screen, microphone, etc.). Although not shown, the base station 304 and the network entity 306 may also include a user interface.

[0088] Referring to the one or more processors 384 in more detail, in a downlink, IP packets from the network entity 306 may be provided to the processor 384. The one or more processors 384 may implement functions for an RRC layer, a PDCP layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. One or more processors 384 may provide: RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-RAT mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ), concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, scheduling information reporting, error correction, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0089] The transmitter 354 and the receiver 352 may implement layer 1 (L1) functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include: error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The transmitter 354 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols may then be separated into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM symbol stream is spatially pre-decoded to generate multiple spatial streams. The channel estimate from the channel estimator can be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme and for spatial processing. The channel estimate can be derived from a reference signal and / or channel state feedback sent by the UE 302. Each spatial stream can then be provided to one or more different antennas 356. The transmitter 354 can modulate the RF carrier with the corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0090] At the UE 302, the receiver 312 receives the signal through its corresponding antenna 316. The receiver 312 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to one or more processors 332. The transmitter 314 and the receiver 312 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The receiver 312 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 302. If there are multiple spatial streams destined for the UE 302, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the receiver 312. The receiver 312 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point sent by the base station 304. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by a channel estimator. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent by the base station 304 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to one or more processors 332, which implement layer 3 (L3) and layer 2 (L2) functionality.

[0091] In the downlink, one or more processors 332 provide demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the core network. One or more processors 332 are also responsible for error detection.

[0092] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with downlink transmissions performed by the base station 304, the one or more processors 332 provide: RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ), priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0093] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator from a reference signal or feedback sent by the base station 304 may be used by the transmitter 314 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the transmitter 314 may be provided to different antennas 316. The transmitter 314 may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0094] The uplink transmissions are processed at the base station 304 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 302. The receiver 352 receives the signal through its respective antenna 356. The receiver 352 recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to one or more processors 384.

[0095] In the uplink, the one or more processors 384 provide demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 302. The IP packets from the one or more processors 384 may be provided to the core network. The one or more processors 384 are also responsible for error detection.

[0096] For convenience, UE 302, base station 304 and / or network entity 306 may Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C, are shown as including various components that can be configured according to the various examples described herein. However, it should be understood that the illustrated components may have different functionality in different designs. In particular, FIG. 3A to FIG. 3C The various components in are optional in alternative configurations, and various aspects include configurations that may vary due to design choice, cost, use of the device, or other considerations. For example, in Figure 3A In the case of a wearable device or tablet or PC or laptop computer, a specific implementation of UE 302 may omit WWAN transceiver 310 (e.g., a wearable device or tablet or PC or laptop computer may have Wi-Fi and / or Bluetooth capabilities but no cellular capabilities), or may omit short-range wireless transceiver 320 (e.g., only cellular, etc.), or may omit satellite signal receiver 330, or may omit sensor 344, etc. In another example, in Figure 3B In certain embodiments, a particular implementation of the base station 304 may omit the WWAN transceiver 350 (e.g., a Wi-Fi "hotspot" access point without cellular capabilities), or may omit the short-range wireless transceiver 360 (e.g., cellular only, etc.), or may omit the satellite signal receiver 370, etc. For the sake of brevity, illustrations of various alternative configurations are not provided herein, but will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0097] Various components of the UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306 may be communicatively coupled to one another via data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392, respectively. In one aspect, the data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 may form or be part of a communication interface for the UE 302, base station 304, and network entity 306, respectively. For example, where different logical entities are embodied in the same device (e.g., gNB and location server functionality incorporated into the same base station 304), the data buses 334, 382, ​​and 392 may provide for communication between different logical entities.

[0098] Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3C The components of can be implemented in various ways. In some specific implementations, Figure 3A , Figure 3B and Figure 3CThe components of may be implemented in one or more circuits, such as, for example, one or more processors and / or one or more ASICs (which may include one or more processors). Here, each circuit may use and / or combine at least one memory component for storing information or executable code used by the circuit to provide the functionality. For example, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 310 to 346 may be implemented by a processor and memory component of UE 302 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor component). Similarly, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 350 to 388 may be implemented by a processor and memory component of base station 304 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor component). Moreover, some or all of the functionality represented by blocks 390 to 398 may be implemented by a processor and memory component of network entity 306 (e.g., by executing appropriate code and / or by appropriate configuration of the processor component). For simplicity, various operations, actions and / or functions are described herein as being performed by "UE", "base station", "network entity", etc. However, it should be understood that such operations, actions and / or functions may actually be performed by specific components or combinations of components of the UE 302, base station 304, network entity 306, etc. (such as processors 332, 384, 394, transceivers 310, 320, 350 and 360, memories 340, 386 and 396, positioning components 342, 388 and 398, etc.).

[0099] In some designs, the network entity 306 may be implemented as a core network component. In other designs, the network entity 306 may be operated differently from a network operator or a cellular network infrastructure (e.g., NG RAN 220 and / or 5GC 210 / 260). For example, the network entity 306 may be a component of a dedicated network that may be configured to communicate with the UE 302 via the base station 304 or independently of the base station 304 (e.g., via a non-cellular communication link such as WiFi).

[0100] NR supports a variety of cellular network-based positioning technologies, including downlink-based positioning methods, uplink-based positioning methods, and downlink and uplink-based positioning methods. Downlink-based positioning methods include: Observed Time Difference of Arrival (OTDOA) in LTE, Downlink Time Difference of Arrival (DL-TDOA) in NR, and Downlink Angle of Departure (DL-AoD) in NR. Figure 4Examples of various positioning methods according to various aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated. In the OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedure illustrated in scenario 410, the UE measures the difference between the arrival times (ToA) of reference signals (e.g., positioning reference signals (PRS)) received from paired base stations (referred to as reference signal time difference (RSTD) or arrival time difference (TDOA) measurements), and reports these differences to a positioning entity. More specifically, the UE receives identifiers (IDs) of a reference base station (e.g., a serving base station) and multiple non-reference base stations in auxiliary data. The UE then measures the RSTD between the reference base station and each non-reference base station. Based on the known positions of the base stations involved and the RSTD measurement results, a positioning entity (e.g., a UE for UE-based positioning or a location server for UE-assisted positioning) can estimate the position of the UE.

[0101] For DL-AoD positioning illustrated in scenario 420, the positioning entity uses measurement reports from the UE regarding received signal strength measurements of multiple downlink transmit beams to determine the angle between the UE and the transmitting base station. The positioning entity can then estimate the position of the UE based on the determined angle and the known position of the transmitting base station.

[0102] Uplink-based positioning methods include uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) and uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA). UL-TDOA is similar to DL-TDOA, but is based on uplink reference signals (e.g., sounding reference signals (SRS)) sent by the UE to multiple base stations. Specifically, the UE sends one or more uplink reference signals, which are measured by a reference base station and multiple non-reference base stations. Each base station then reports the reception time of the reference signal (referred to as relative time of arrival (RTOA)) to a positioning entity (e.g., a location server) that knows the location and relative timing of the base stations involved. Based on the receive-to-receive (Rx-Rx) time difference between the reported RTOA of the reference base station and the reported RTOA of each non-reference base station, the known locations of the base stations, and their known timing offsets, the positioning entity can use TDOA to estimate the position of the UE.

[0103] For UL-AoA positioning, one or more base stations measure the received signal strength of one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., SRS) received from the UE on one or more uplink receive beams. The positioning entity uses the signal strength measurements and the angles of the receive beams to determine the angle between the UE and the base station. Based on the determined angle and the known location of the base station, the positioning entity can then estimate the location of the UE.

[0104] Downlink and uplink based positioning methods include: enhanced cell ID (E-CID) positioning and multi-round trip time (RTT) positioning (also referred to as "multi-cell RTT" and "multi-RTT"). In the RTT procedure, a first entity (e.g., a base station or UE) sends a first RTT-related signal (e.g., a PRS or SRS) to a second entity (e.g., a UE or a base station), and the second entity sends a second RTT-related signal (e.g., an SRS or PRS) back to the first entity. Each entity measures the time difference between the arrival time (ToA) of the received RTT-related signal and the transmission time of the transmitted RTT-related signal. This time difference is called the received-to-transmit (Rx-Tx) time difference. The Rx-Tx time difference measurement can be made or adjusted to include only the time difference between the nearest time slot boundary of the received signal and the transmitted signal. The two entities may then transmit their Rx-Tx time difference measurements to a location server (e.g., LMF 270), which calculates the round trip propagation time (i.e., RTT) between the two entities based on the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements (e.g., calculated as the sum of the two Rx-Tx time difference measurements). Alternatively, one entity may transmit its Rx-Tx time difference measurements to the other entity, which then calculates the RTT. The distance between the two entities may be determined based on the RTT and a known signal speed (e.g., the speed of light). For multi-RTT positioning illustrated in scenario 430, a first entity (e.g., a UE or a base station) performs an RTT positioning procedure with a plurality of second entities (e.g., a plurality of base stations or UEs) to enable the position of the first entity to be determined (e.g., using multilateration) based on the distance to the second entities and the known positions of the second entities. RTT and multi-RTT methods may be combined with other positioning techniques (such as UL-AoA and DL-AoD) to improve position accuracy, as illustrated in scenario 440.

[0105] The E-CID positioning method is based on radio resource management (RRM) measurements. In E-CID, the UE reports the serving cell ID, timing advance (TA), and the identifiers of the detected neighboring base stations, the estimated timing, and the signal strength. The UE's position is then estimated based on this information and the known locations of the base stations.

[0106] To assist the positioning operation, a location server (e.g., location server 230, LMF 270, SLP 272) may provide assistance data to the UE. For example, the assistance data may include: an identifier of the base station (or cell / TRP of the base station) from which the reference signal is measured, reference signal configuration parameters (e.g., the number of consecutive time slots including PRS, the periodicity of consecutive time slots including PRS, a silent sequence, a frequency hopping sequence, a reference signal identifier, a reference signal bandwidth, etc.), and / or other parameters applicable to a particular positioning method. Alternatively, the assistance data may originate directly from the base station itself (e.g., in an overhead message broadcast periodically, etc.). In some cases, the UE itself may be able to detect neighboring network nodes without using assistance data.

[0107] In the case of OTDOA or DL-TDOA positioning procedures, the assistance data may also include an expected RSTD value and an associated uncertainty or search window around the expected RSTD. In some cases, the expected RSTD value range may be + / -500 microseconds (µs). In some cases, when any of the resources used for positioning measurements are in FR1, the expected RSTD uncertainty value range may be + / -32µs. In other cases, when all resources used for positioning measurements are in FR2, the expected RSTD uncertainty value range may be + / -8µs.

[0108] The position estimate may be referred to by other names, such as a positioning estimate, a position, a fix, a positioning fix, a fix, etc. The position estimate may be geodetic and include coordinates (e.g., latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude), or may be municipal and include a street address, a postal address, or some other verbal description of the location. The position estimate may be further defined relative to some other known location or in absolute terms (e.g., using latitude, longitude, and possibly altitude). The positioning estimate may include an expected error or uncertainty (e.g., by including an area or volume within which the location is expected to be included with some specified or default confidence level).

[0109] NR supports or implements various sidelink positioning techniques. Figure 5AVarious scenarios of interest for sidelink-only positioning or joint Uu and sidelink positioning according to various aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated. In scenario 510, at least one peer UE with a known location can improve the Uu-based positioning (e.g., multi-cell RTT, downlink time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), etc.) of the target UE by providing an additional anchor (e.g., using the sidelink round trip time (RTT) (SL-RTT)). In scenario 520, a low-end (e.g., low-capacity or "RedCap") target UE can obtain assistance from an advanced UE to determine its position using, for example, a sidelink positioning and ranging procedure with the advanced UE. Compared to the low-end UE, the advanced UE may have more capabilities, such as more sensors, faster processors, more memory, more antenna elements, higher transmit power capabilities, access to additional frequency bands, or any combination thereof. In scenario 530, a relay UE (e.g., with a known location) participates in the positioning estimation of the remote UE without performing uplink positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission over the Uu interface. Scenario 540 illustrates joint positioning of multiple UEs. Specifically, in scenario 540, two UEs with unknown locations may be jointly located under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions by utilizing constraints from nearby UEs.

[0110] Figure 5B Additional interesting scenarios of sidelink-only positioning or joint Uu and sidelink positioning according to various aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated. In scenario 550, UEs used for public safety (e.g., used by police, firefighters, etc.) can perform peer-to-peer (P2P) positioning and ranging for public safety and other purposes. For example, in scenario 550, the public safety UEs can be out of coverage of the network and use sidelink positioning techniques to determine the position or relative distance and relative positioning between the public safety UEs. Similarly, scenario 560 shows multiple UEs that are out of coverage and use sidelink positioning techniques (such as SL-RTT) to determine the position or relative distance and relative positioning.

[0111] Various frame structures may be used to support downlink and uplink transmissions between network nodes (eg, base stations and UEs). Figure 6 600 is a diagram illustrating an example frame structure in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The frame structure may be a downlink or uplink frame structure. Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels.

[0112] LTE (and in some cases NR) utilizes orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) on the downlink and single carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) on the uplink. However, unlike LTE, NR also has the option of using OFDM on the uplink. OFDM and SC-FDM divide the system bandwidth into multiple (K) orthogonal subcarriers, which are also often called tones, frequency bins, etc. Each subcarrier can be modulated with data. In general, modulation symbols are transmitted in the frequency domain using OFDM and in the time domain using SC-FDM. The spacing between adjacent subcarriers can be fixed, and the total number of subcarriers (K) can depend on the system bandwidth. For example, the spacing of the subcarriers can be 15 kilohertz (kHz), and the minimum resource allocation (resource block) can be 12 subcarriers (or 180kHz). Thus, for a system bandwidth of 1.25 megahertz (MHz), 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz, the nominal FFT size may be equal to 128, 256, 512, 1024, or 2048, respectively. The system bandwidth may also be partitioned into subbands. For example, a subband may cover 1.08 MHz (i.e., 6 resource blocks), and there may be 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 subbands for a system bandwidth of 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, or 20 MHz, respectively.

[0113] LTE supports a single parameter set (subcarrier spacing (SCS), symbol length, etc.). In contrast, NR may support multiple parameter sets (µ), for example, 15kHz (µ=0), 30kHz (µ=1), 60kHz (µ=2), 120kHz (µ=3), and 240kHz (µ=4) or larger subcarrier spacings may be available. In each subcarrier spacing, there are 14 symbols per slot. For 15kHz SCS (µ=0), there is one slot per subframe, 10 slots per frame, the slot duration is 1 millisecond (ms), the symbol duration is 66.7 microseconds (µs), and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 50. For 30kHz SCS (µ=1), there are two slots per subframe, 20 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.5ms, the symbol duration is 33.3µs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 100. For 60kHz SCS (µ=2), there are four slots per subframe, 40 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.25ms, the symbol duration is 16.7µs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 200. For 120kHz SCS (µ=3), there are eight slots per subframe, 80 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.125ms, the symbol duration is 8.33µs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 400. For 240kHz SCS (µ=4), there are 16 slots per subframe, 160 slots per frame, the slot duration is 0.0625ms, the symbol duration is 4.17µs, and the maximum nominal system bandwidth (in MHz) with a 4K FFT size is 800.

[0114] exist Figure 6 In the example of , a parameter set of 15 kHz is used. Therefore, in the time domain, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized subframes, each subframe is 1 ms, and each subframe includes one time slot. Figure 6 , time is represented horizontally (on the X-axis), where time increases from left to right, while frequency is represented vertically (on the Y-axis), where frequency increases (or decreases) from bottom to top.

[0115] A resource grid may be used to represent a time slot, each of which includes one or more time-concurrent resource blocks (RBs) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs)) in the frequency domain. The resource grid is further divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). An RE may correspond to one symbol length in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain. Figure 6In the parameter set of , for a normal cyclic prefix, an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and seven consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, an RB may contain 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and six consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0116] Some REs may carry reference (pilot) signals (RS). These reference signals may include positioning reference signals (PRS), tracking reference signals (TRS), phase tracking reference signals (PTRS), cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), primary synchronization signals (PSS), secondary synchronization signals (SSS), synchronization signal blocks (SSB), sounding reference signals (SRS), etc., depending on whether the illustrated frame structure is used for uplink communication or downlink communication. Figure 6 Example locations of REs carrying reference signals (labeled “R”) are illustrated.

[0117] A set of resource elements (REs) used for transmission of PRS is referred to as a "PRS resource". A set of resource elements may span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and "N" (such as 1 or more) consecutive symbols within a slot in the time domain. In a given OFDM symbol in the time domain, a PRS resource occupies consecutive PRBs in the frequency domain.

[0118] The transmission of a PRS resource within a given PRB has a specific comb size (also referred to as "comb density"). The comb size "N" represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency / tone spacing) within each symbol of the PRS resource configuration. Specifically, for comb size "N", the PRS is transmitted in every Nth subcarrier of one symbol of the PRB. For example, for comb-4, for each symbol of the PRS resource configuration, the RE corresponding to every fourth subcarrier (such as subcarriers 0, 4, 8) is used to transmit the PRS of the PRS resource. Currently, for DL-PRS, comb sizes of comb-2, comb-4, comb-6, and comb-12 are supported. Figure 6 An example PRS resource configuration for comb-4 (which spans four symbols) is illustrated. That is, the positions of shaded REs (labeled as "R") indicate a comb-4 PRS resource configuration.

[0119] Currently, DL-PRS resources may span 2, 4, 6, or 12 consecutive symbols within a slot using a full frequency domain staggered pattern. DL-PRS resources may be configured in any downlink or flexible (FL) symbol in a slot that is configured by higher layers. There may be a constant energy per resource element (EPRE) for all REs for a given DL-PRS resource. The following are the symbol-by-symbol frequency offsets for comb sizes 2, 4, 6, and 12 over 2, 4, 6, and 12 symbols. 2-symbol Comb-2: {0, 1}; 4-symbol Comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1}; 6-symbol Comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1}; 12-symbol Comb-2: {0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1}; 4-symbol Comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3} (as in Figure 6 ); 12-symbol comb-4: {0,2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 6-symbol comb-6: {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5}; 12-symbol comb-6: {0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5, 0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5}; and 12-symbol comb-12: {0, 6, 3, 9, 1, 7, 4,10, 2, 8, 5, 11}.

[0120] A "PRS resource set" is a set of PRS resources used to transmit a PRS signal, where each PRS resource has a PRS resource ID. In addition, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set are associated with the same TRP. A PRS resource set is identified by a PRS resource set ID and is associated with a specific TRP (identified by the TRP ID). In addition, the PRS resources in a PRS resource set have the same periodicity, a common muting pattern configuration, and the same repetition factor (such as "PRS-ResourceRepetitionFactor") across time slots. The periodicity is the time from the first repetition of the first PRS resource of the first PRS instance to the same first repetition of the same first PRS resource of the next PRS instance. The periodicity may have a length selected from: 2^µ*{4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20, 32,40, 64, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5120, 10240} slots, where µ = 0, 1, 2, 3. The repetition factor may have a length selected from {1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16, 32} slots.

[0121] A PRS resource ID in a PRS resource set is associated with a single beam (or beam ID) transmitted from a single TRP (where one TRP can transmit one or more beams). That is, each PRS resource in a PRS resource set can be transmitted on a different beam, and therefore, a "PRS resource" (or simply "resource") may also be referred to as a "beam". Note that this does not have any implication on whether the UE knows the TRP and beam on which the PRS is transmitted.

[0122] A "PRS instance" or "PRS opportunity" is an instance of a periodically repeated time window (such as a group of one or more consecutive time slots) in which a PRS is expected to be sent. A PRS opportunity may also be referred to as a "PRS positioning opportunity", "PRS positioning instance", "positioning opportunity", "positioning instance", "positioning repetition", or simply "opportunity", "instance", or "repetition".

[0123] A "positioning frequency layer" (also referred to simply as a "frequency layer") is a set of one or more PRS resource sets with the same values ​​for certain parameters across one or more TRPs. Specifically, the set of PRS resource sets has the same subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix (CP) type (meaning that all parameter sets supported for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) are also supported by PRS), the same point A, the same value of the downlink PRS bandwidth, the same starting PRB (and center frequency), and the same comb size. The point A parameter takes the value of the parameter "ARFCN-ValueNR" (where "ARFCN" stands for "absolute radio frequency channel number") and is an identifier / code that specifies a pair of physical radio channels for transmission and reception. The downlink PRS bandwidth can have a granularity of four PRBs, and the minimum value is 24 PRBs and the maximum value is 272 PRBs. Currently, up to four frequency layers have been defined, and up to two PRS resource sets can be configured per TRP per frequency layer.

[0124] The concept of frequency layer is somewhat similar to the concept of component carrier and bandwidth part (BWP), but the difference is that component carrier and BWP are used by one base station (or macro cell base station and small cell base station) to send data channels, while frequency layer is used by several (usually three or more) base stations to send PRS. The UE can indicate the number of frequency layers that the UE can support when the UE transmits its positioning capabilities to the network (such as during an LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) session). For example, the UE can indicate whether it can support one or four positioning frequency layers.

[0125] It should be noted that the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" generally refer to specific reference signals used for positioning in NR and LTE systems. However, as used herein, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" may also refer to any type of reference signal that can be used for positioning, such as but not limited to: PRS, TRS, PTRS, CRS, CSI-RS, DMRS, PSS, SSS, SSB, SRS, UL-PRS, etc. as defined in LTE and NR. In addition, the terms "positioning reference signal" and "PRS" may refer to a downlink positioning reference signal, an uplink positioning reference signal, or a sidelink positioning reference signal, unless otherwise indicated by the context. If further distinction is needed between the types of PRS, the downlink positioning reference signal may be referred to as a "DL-PRS", the uplink positioning reference signal (e.g., an SRS used for positioning, i.e., PTRS) may be referred to as a "UL-PRS", and the sidelink positioning reference signal may be referred to as a "SL-PRS". In addition, for signals (e.g., DMRS) that can be sent in the downlink, uplink, and / or sidelink, these signals may be prepended with "DL," "UL," or "SL" to distinguish the direction. For example, "UL-DMRS" may be different from "DL-DMRS."

[0126] Fig. 7A and Figure 7B Various comb patterns supported for DL-PRS within a resource block are illustrated. Fig. 7A and Figure 7B , time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically. Fig. 7A and Figure 7B Each large block in represents a resource block and each small block represents a resource element. As discussed above, a resource element consists of one symbol in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain. Fig. 7A and Figure 7B In the example of , each resource block includes 14 symbols in the time domain and 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain. The shaded resource elements carry or are scheduled to carry DL-PRS. Therefore, the shaded resource elements in each resource block correspond to PRS resources, or parts of PRS resources within one resource block (because PRS resources can span multiple resource blocks in the frequency domain).

[0127] The illustrated comb tooth patterns correspond to the various DL-PRS comb tooth patterns described above. Specifically, Fig. 7A A DL-PRS comb pattern 710 for comb-2 having two symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 720 for comb-4 having four symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 730 for comb-6 having six symbols, and a DL-PRS comb pattern 740 for comb-12 having 12 symbols are illustrated. Figure 7BA DL-PRS comb pattern 750 for comb-2 with 12 symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 760 for comb-4 with 12 symbols, a DL-PRS comb pattern 770 for comb-2 with six symbols, and a DL-PRS comb pattern 780 for comb-6 with 12 symbols are illustrated.

[0128] Please note that Fig. 7A In the example comb pattern of , the resource elements on which the DL-PRS is transmitted are interleaved in the frequency domain so that there is only one such resource element per subcarrier over the configured number of symbols. For example, for the DL-PRS comb pattern 720, there is only one resource element per subcarrier over four symbols. This is called "frequency domain interleaving".

[0129] In addition, there is some DL-PRS resource symbol offset (given by the parameter "DL-PRS-ResourceSymbolOffset") from the first symbol of the resource block to the first symbol of the DL-PRS resource. In the example of DL-PRS comb pattern 710, the offset is three symbols. In the example of DL-PRS comb pattern 720, the offset is eight symbols. In the examples of DL-PRS comb patterns 730 and 740, the offset is two symbols. In the examples of DL-PRS comb patterns 750 to 780, the offset is two symbols.

[0130] It should be understood that the UE will need to have a higher capability to measure the DL-PRS comb pattern 710 than to measure the DL-PRS comb pattern 720 because for the DL-PRS comb pattern 710, the UE will have to measure resource elements on twice as many subcarriers per symbol as the DL-PRS comb pattern 720. In addition, the UE will need to have a higher capability to measure the DL-PRS comb pattern 730 than to measure the DL-PRS comb pattern 740 because for the DL-PRS comb pattern 730, the UE will have to measure resource elements on twice as many subcarriers per symbol as the DL-PRS comb pattern 740. In addition, the UE will need to have a higher capability to measure the DL-PRS comb patterns 710 and 720 than to measure the DL-PRS comb patterns 730 and 740 because the resource elements of the DL-PRS comb patterns 710 and 720 are denser than the resource elements of the DL-PRS comb patterns 730 and 740.

[0131] On the one hand, Figure 6The reference signal carried on the RE marked with "R" in the figure can be an SRS. The SRS sent by the UE can be used by the base station to obtain channel state information (CSI) for the transmitting UE. CSI describes how the RF signal propagates from the UE to the base station and represents the combined effect of scattering, attenuation, and power attenuation with distance. The system uses SRS for resource scheduling, link adaptation, massive MIMO, beam management, etc.

[0132] The set of REs used for transmission of SRS is called "SRS resource" and can be identified by the parameter "SRS-ResourceId". The set of resource elements can span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain and "N" (e.g., one or more) consecutive symbols within a time slot in the time domain. In a given OFDM symbol, an SRS resource occupies one or more consecutive PRBs. An "SRS resource set" is a set of SRS resources used for transmission of SRS signals and is identified by an SRS resource set ID ("SRS-ResourceSetId").

[0133] The transmission of the SRS resource within a given PRB has a specific comb size (also referred to as "comb density"). The comb size "N" represents the subcarrier spacing (or frequency / tone spacing) within each symbol of the SRS resource configuration. Specifically, for comb size "N", the SRS is transmitted in every Nth subcarrier of one symbol of the PRB. For example, for comb-4, for each symbol of the SRS resource configuration, the REs corresponding to every fourth subcarrier (such as subcarriers 0, 4, 8) are used to transmit the SRS of the SRS resource. Figure 6 In the example of FIG. 1 , the illustrated SRS is comb-tooth-4 on four symbols. That is, the position of the shaded SRS RE indicates the SRS resource configuration of comb-tooth-4.

[0134] Currently, SRS resources with a comb size of Comb-2, Comb-4, or Comb-8 can span 1, 2, 4, 8, or 12 consecutive symbols within a slot. The following are the symbol-by-symbol frequency offsets for the currently supported SRS comb patterns. 1-symbol Comb-2: {0}; 2-symbol Comb-2: {0, 1}; 2-symbol Comb-4: {0, 2}; 4-symbol Comb-2: {0, 1, 0,1}; 4-symbol Comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3} (as in Figure 6); 8-symbol comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2,1, 3}; 12-symbol comb-4: {0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 3}; 4-symbol comb-8: {0, 4, 2,6}; 8-symbol comb-8: {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7}; and 12-symbol comb-8: {0, 4, 2, 6, 1, 5,3, 7, 0, 4, 2, 6}.

[0135] Generally speaking, as described above, the UE sends the SRS to enable the receiving base station (serving base station or neighboring base station) to measure the channel quality (i.e., CSI) between the UE and the base station. However, the SRS may also be specifically configured as an uplink positioning reference signal for uplink-based positioning procedures, such as uplink time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), round trip time (RTT), uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA), etc. As used herein, the term "SRS" may refer to an SRS configured for channel quality measurement or an SRS configured for positioning purposes. When it is necessary to distinguish between two types of SRS, the former may be referred to as "SRS for communication" and / or the latter may be referred to as "SRS for positioning" or "positioning SRS" in this article.

[0136] Several enhancements to the previous definition of SRS have been proposed for "SRS for positioning" (also known as "UL-PRS"), such as a new staggering pattern within the SRS resource (other than a single symbol / comb-2), a new comb type for SRS, a new sequence for SRS, a larger number of SRS resource sets per component carrier, and a larger number of SRS resources per component carrier. In addition, the parameters "SpatialRelationInfo" and "PathLossReference" are to be configured based on downlink reference signals or SSBs from neighboring TRPs. Furthermore, one SRS resource may be sent outside the active BWP, and one SRS resource may span multiple component carriers. Moreover, the SRS may be configured in the RRC connected state and sent only within the active BWP. In addition, there may be no frequency hopping, no repetition factor, a single antenna port, and new lengths for the SRS (e.g., 8 and 12 symbols). There may also be open-loop power control and no closed-loop power control, and comb-8 (i.e., SRS sent every eighth subcarrier in the same symbol) may be used. Finally, the UE may transmit from multiple SRS resources through the same transmit beam for UL-AoA. All of these are features outside the current SRS framework, which is configured through RRC higher layer signaling (and potentially triggered or activated through MAC Control Element (MAC-CE) or Downlink Control Information (DCI)).

[0137] Sidelink communication occurs in a transmit or receive resource pool. In the frequency domain, the smallest resource allocation unit is a subchannel (e.g., a set of consecutive PRBs in the frequency domain). In the time domain, resource allocation is performed in a time slot interval. However, some time slots are not available for sidelinks, and some time slots contain feedback resources. In addition, sidelink resources can be (pre-)configured to occupy less than 14 symbols in a time slot.

[0138] The sidelink resources are configured at the RRC layer. The RRC configuration can be pre-configured (e.g., preloaded on the UE) or configured (e.g., from the serving base station).

[0139] The NR sidelink supports HARQ retransmission. Fig. 8A 8 is a diagram of an example time slot structure without feedback resources according to aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. 8A In the example of , time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically. In the time domain, the length of each block is one OFDM symbol, and 14 symbols constitute a slot. In the frequency domain, the height of each block is one subchannel. Currently, the (pre-)configured subchannel sizes can be selected from the set of {10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75, 100} physical resource blocks (PRBs).

[0140] For a sidelink slot, the first symbol is a repetition of the previous symbol and is used for automatic gain control (AGC) settings. Fig. 8A This is illustrated by vertical and horizontal hashing. Fig. 8A As shown, for the sidelink, the physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) and the physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) are transmitted in the same time slot. Similar to the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), the PSCCH carries control information about the sidelink resource allocation and a description of the sidelink data sent to the UE. Similarly, similar to the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), the PSSCH carries the user data of the UE. Fig. 8A In the example of , the PSCCH occupies half of the bandwidth of the subchannel and occupies only three symbols. Finally, the gap symbol appears after the PSSCH.

[0141] Figure 8B is a diagram 850 of an example time slot structure with feedback resources according to aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 8B In the example of , time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically. In the time domain, the length of each block is one OFDM symbol, and 14 symbols constitute a time slot. In the frequency domain, the height of each block is one subchannel.

[0142] Figure 8B The illustrated time slot structure is similar to Fig. 8AThe time slot structure shown is similar, except that Figure 8B The illustrated time slot structure includes feedback resources. Specifically, the two symbols at the end of the time slot have been dedicated to the physical side link feedback channel (PSFCH). The first PSFCH symbol is a repetition of the second PSFCH symbol for AGC setting. In addition to the gap symbol after the PSSCH, there is also a gap symbol after two PSFCH symbols. Currently, the resources for PSFCH can be configured with a periodicity selected from a set of {0, 1, 2, 4} time slots.

[0143] Another aspect of sidelink positioning is the configuration of a resource pool (RP-P) for sidelink positioning. The 12 symbols between the first and last symbol (gap) of a sidelink slot (for AGC) in the time domain and the allocated subchannels in the frequency domain form a resource pool for sidelink transmission and / or reception. RP-Ps can be configured specifically within the resource pool for positioning purposes. Each RP-P includes an offset, a periodicity, a number of consecutive symbols within a slot (e.g., as few as one symbol), and / or a bandwidth within a component carrier (or a bandwidth across multiple component carriers). In addition, each RP-P can be associated with a zone or with a distance from a reference location.

[0144] A base station (or UE, depending on the resource allocation mode) may assign one or more resource configurations from the RP-P to another UE. Additionally or alternatively, a UE (e.g., a relay or remote UE) may request one or more RP-P configurations, and the UE may include one or more of the following in the request: (1) location information (or zone identifier) ​​of the UE; (2) periodicity; (3) bandwidth; (4) offset; (5) number of symbols; and (6) whether a configuration with "low interference" is desired (which may be determined by the assigned QoS or priority).

[0145] The base station or UE can configure / assign rate matching resources or RP-P for rate matching / silencing to the sidelink UE so that when there is a conflict between the assigned resources and another resource pool containing data (PSSCH) and / or control (PSCCH), the sidelink UE is expected to rate match / silence / puncture the data, DMRS and / or CSI-RS within the conflicting resources. This will achieve orthogonalization between positioning and data transmission to increase the coverage of the PRS signal.

[0146] Fig. 9 900 is a diagram illustrating an example of a resource pool for positioning within a side link resource pool according to aspects of the present disclosure. Fig. 9 In the example of , time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically. In the time domain, the length of each block is one OFDM symbol, and 14 symbols constitute a time slot. In the frequency domain, the height of each block is one subchannel.

[0147] exist Fig. 9 In the example of , the entire time slot (except the first symbol and the last symbol) can be a resource pool for sidelink transmission and / or reception. That is, any symbol except the first symbol and the last symbol can be allocated for transmission and / or reception. However, the RP-P for sidelink transmission / reception is allocated in the last four front slot symbols of the time slot. Therefore, non-side link positioning data (such as user data, CSI-RS, and control information) can only be sent in the first eight post-AGC symbols, but not in the last four front slot symbols to prevent conflicts with the configured RP-P. Non-side link positioning data that could have been sent in the last four front slot symbols can be punctured or muted, or non-side link data that would normally span more than eight post-AGC symbols can be rate matched to accommodate the eight post-AGC symbols.

[0148] A Sidelink Positioning Reference Signal (SL-PRS) has been defined to support sidelink positioning procedures between UEs. Similar to DL-PRS, the SL-PRS resource consists of one or more resource elements (i.e., one OFDM symbol in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain). The SL-PRS resource has been designed to have a comb-based pattern to enable FFT-based processing at the receiver. The SL-PRS resource consists of uninterleaved or only partially interleaved resource elements in the frequency domain to provide small time of arrival (TOA) uncertainty for each SL-PRS resource and reduced overhead. The SL-PRS may also be associated with a specific RP-P (e.g., certain SL-PRS may be allocated in certain RP-Ps). The SL-PRS is also defined to have intra-slot repetition ( Fig. 9 ), to allow combining gain (if required). There may also be inter-UE coordination of RP-P to provide dynamic SL-PRS and data multiplexing while minimizing SL-PRS collisions.

[0149] For sidelink operation, the UE may experience a large dynamic range of power levels (spanning tens of decibels (dB)) when observing (e.g., measuring) signals transmitted from neighboring sidelink UEs and / or RSUs. This dynamic range may result from the range of distances between the UE and the neighboring sidelink UEs and / or RSUs, signal blockages (e.g., from neighboring vehicles), etc. To address this issue, different transmissions from different neighboring devices may be time-division multiplexed (e.g., transmitted on different symbols or time slots), and each device may send a "preamble" to enable the receiving device to set its AGC accordingly while receiving the signal from the transmitting device. However, the AGC training preamble results in an overhead of the channel in use. That is, at least one symbol (e.g., PSSCH or PSCCH) that may carry channel data is not available for the channel because it is being used for AGC.

[0150] Currently, there is no AGC mechanism for SL-PRS as there is for other channels. For example, in the case where the UE needs to measure multiple SL-PRS from multiple transmitting devices but only performs AGC on one transmitting device in the first symbol of the timeslot containing the SL-PRS transmission (such as Fig. 9 As shown in FIG. 1 ), this may be a problem. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a technique for AGC assistance of SL-PRS.

[0151] As a first technology disclosed herein, an existing DL-PRS and / or UL-SRS resource structure may be reused for a SL-PRS resource structure, and the first symbol of the resource structure may be used as an AGC training symbol. That is, the SL-PRS transmitted in the first symbol of the SL-PRS resource structure will be used by the receiving UE to set its AGC for subsequent / remaining symbols of the SL-PRS resource.

[0152] As mentioned above Fig. 7A and Figure 7B As described above, the DL-PRS (and UL-SRS) resource structure is defined by the number of teeth and the number of symbols. As described above, the DL-PRS may have a {number of teeth, number of symbols} resource structure of {2,2}, {2,4}, {2,6}, {2,12}, {4,4}, {4,12}, {6,6}, {6,12}, and {12,12}. Similarly, the UL-SRS may have a {number of teeth, number of symbols} resource structure of {2,1}, {2,2}, {2,4}, {4,2}, {4,4}, {4,8}, {4,12}, {8,4}, {8,8}, and {8,12}.

[0153] With this technique, the comb pattern {2,2} becomes the comb pattern {2,1}, the comb pattern {2,4} becomes the comb pattern {2,3}, the comb pattern {2,6} becomes the comb pattern {2,5}, the comb pattern {2,12} becomes the comb pattern {2,11}, and so on. For example, for two SL-PRS symbols per UE per 14-symbol slot (one symbol for AGC and one for SL-PRS), seven symbols are used for AGC, leaving only seven symbols for SL-PRS. While this allows AGC symbols for each SL-PRS resource in the slot, it opens repeated holes in the frequency domain, which results in aliasing (i.e., multiple channel response peaks) in the time domain. The advantage is that the UE will not need to observe the power level in the frequency domain, so it can skip the FFT operation.

[0154] As a second technique described herein, a new SL-PRS resource structure may be defined by pre-appending AGC training symbols to an existing DL-PRS or UL-SRS resource structure. As described above, the current {number of comb teeth, number of symbols} options for DL-PRS are {2,2}, {2,4}, {2,6}, {2,12}, {4,4}, {4,12}, {6,6}, {6,12}, and {12,12}. Using this technique, a SL-PRS based on a DL-PRS resource structure will have a {number of comb teeth, number of symbols} resource structure of {2,3}, {2,5}, {2,7}, {2,13}, {4,5}, {4,13}, {6,7}, {6,13}, and {12,13}. Similarly, the SL-PRS based on the UL-SRS resource structure will have a {number of teeth, number of symbols} resource structure of {2,2}, {2,3}, {2,5}, {4,3}, {4,5}, {4,9}, {4,13}, {8,5}, {8,9} and {8,13}. The training symbol can be a repetition of the first symbol of the DL-PRS or UL-SRS.

[0155] With this technique, for a three-symbol SL-PRS resource, there will be four AGC training symbols per slot, leaving eight orthogonal options for the SL-PRS and two symbols remaining (unused). That is, there will be four three-symbol SL-PRS per slot, resulting in four AGC training symbols (i.e., one symbol per three-symbol SL-PRS resource) and eight SL-PRS symbols (i.e., two symbols per three-symbol SL-PRS resource). For a five-symbol SL-PRS resource, there will be two AGC training symbols (one AGC training symbol per each of the two five-symbol SL-PRS resources that can be allocated per slot), eight SL-PRS symbols (four SL-PRS symbols per each of the two five-symbol SL-PRS resources that can be allocated per slot), and four symbols remaining. For the seven-symbol SL-PRS resource option, there will be two AGC symbols (one AGC training symbol for each of the two seven-symbol SL-PRS resources that can be allocated per slot), 12 SL-PRS symbols (six SL-PRS symbols for each of the two seven-symbol SL-PRS resources that can be allocated per slot), and no remaining symbols. Finally, for the 13-symbol SL-PRS resource, there will be one AGC symbol, 12 SL-PRS symbols, and one remaining symbol.

[0156] This technique reduces the aliasing problem of previous techniques, but requires additional overhead for AGC training symbols.

[0157] As a third technique described herein, a separate AGC training symbol may be defined that is common to all SL-PRS resources in a slot. For example, the AGC training symbol for multiple SL-PRS resources in a slot may be the first symbol of the slot (e.g., Fig. 9 ), and certain sets of subcarriers of the AGC training symbols may be specific to certain SL-PRS resources within a time slot. More specifically, each set of one or more subcarriers of the AGC training symbols may be mapped to a set of one or more SL-PRS symbols of the SL-PRS resources within a time slot. The number of subcarriers may be the same as the number of symbols to indicate the number of symbols utilized by the SL-PRS resources. The frequency offset (also referred to as "v shift") of an AGC subcarrier set (particularly the first subcarrier in the AGC subcarrier set) indicates the corresponding set of SL-PRS symbols. Different SL-PRS resources within a time slot may be assigned to different UEs.

[0158] Fig.10 1000 is a diagram illustrating various SL-PRS resources with common AGC training symbols according to aspects of the present disclosure. Fig.10 In , time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically. Fig.10Each block in represents a resource element (i.e., one symbol in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain), and 14 symbols in the time domain and 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain constitute one resource block. The shaded resource elements in symbols 2 to 13 carry or are scheduled to carry SL-PRS. Fig.10 In the example of FIG. 1 , there are three SL-PRS resources per time slot in the time domain (labeled as “resource 1”, “resource 2”, and “resource 3”), which span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain (in Fig.10 As in the above technique, the current DL-PRS or UL-SRS resource structure can be reused for SL-PRS. Fig.10 In the example of , {number of teeth, number of symbols} of three SL-PRS resources is {2, 2}.

[0159] like Fig.10 As shown, the first symbol of the example time slot is an AGC training symbol. The shaded resource elements in the AGC training symbol carry or are scheduled to carry an AGC reference signal (which may be the same as or different from the SL-PRS). There is also an optional AGC processing gap of one symbol between the AGC training symbol and the first symbol that may be used for the SL-PRS. Fig.10 In the example of , the index of the first symbol of the SL-PRS resource is equal to the index of the corresponding AGC v shift plus one (for the AGC processing gap) plus one (for the first symbol of the SL-PRS resource). The number of AGC subcarriers per SL-PRS resource indicates the number of symbols per SL-PRS resource (here two). Therefore, as shown in the figure, subcarriers 10 and 11 of the AGC training symbol are mapped to symbols 12 and 13, subcarriers 2 and 3 are mapped to symbols 4 and 5, and subcarriers 0 and 1 are mapped to symbols 2 and 3. Therefore, the AGC subcarriers of resource 1 will be sent and received / observed / measured on subcarriers 10 and 11 of symbol 0, the AGC subcarriers of resource 2 will be sent and received / observed / measured on subcarriers 2 and 3 of symbol 0, and the AGC subcarriers of resource 3 will be sent and received / observed / measured on subcarriers 0 and 1 of symbol 0. Based on which subcarriers correspond to which SL-PRS resources, the SL-PRS will be sent and received / observed / measured on the corresponding symbols.

[0160] Note that although Fig.10 Three SL-PRS resources having a {2,2} resource structure are illustrated, but it should be understood that this is merely an example and the present disclosure is not limited to this example.

[0161] With this technique, the receiving UE will need to perform an FFT operation on the AGC training symbols to identify the mapping to the SL-PRS symbols. This is why the UE may need AGC processing gaps (depending on its capabilities).

[0162] As a fourth technique described herein, a separate AGC training symbol common to all SL-PRS resources in a slot may be defined. For example, the AGC training symbol for multiple SL-PRS resources in a slot may be the first symbol of the slot (e.g., Fig. 9 and Fig.10 However, with Fig.10 Unlike the techniques illustrated in , the SL-PRS resources within a time slot are mapped to a single subcarrier of an AGC training symbol. More specifically, a set of one or more SL-PRS symbols of the SL-PRS resources within a time slot may be mapped to a single subcarrier of an AGC training symbol. The frequency offset (also referred to as a "v shift") of the AGC subcarrier indicates the position of the first symbol of the corresponding SL-PRS symbol set. Different UEs may be assigned different SL-PRS resources within a time slot.

[0163] Fig.11 1100 is a diagram illustrating various SL-PRS resources with common AGC training symbols according to aspects of the present disclosure. Fig.11 In , time is represented horizontally and frequency is represented vertically. Fig.11 Each block in represents a resource element (i.e., one symbol in the time domain and one subcarrier in the frequency domain), and 14 symbols in the time domain and 12 subcarriers in the frequency domain constitute one resource block. The shaded resource elements in symbols 2 to 13 carry or are scheduled to carry SL-PRS. Fig.11 In the example of FIG. 1 , there are three SL-PRS resources per time slot in the time domain (labeled as “resource 1”, “resource 2”, and “resource 3”), which span multiple PRBs in the frequency domain (in Fig.11 As in the above technique, the current DL-PRS or UL-SRS resource structure can be reused for SL-PRS. Fig.11 In the example of , {number of teeth, number of symbols} of three SL-PRS resources is {2, 2}.

[0164] like Fig.11 As shown, the first symbol of the example time slot is an AGC training symbol. The shaded resource elements in the AGC training symbol carry or are scheduled to carry an AGC reference signal (which may be the same as or different from the SL-PRS). There is also an optional AGC processing gap of one symbol between the AGC training symbol and the first symbol that may be used for the SL-PRS. Fig.11 In the example of , the index of the first symbol of the SL-PRS resource is equal to the index of the corresponding AGC v shift plus one (for the AGC processing gap) plus one (for the first symbol of the SL-PRS resource). Fig.11As shown, subcarrier 10 of the AGC training symbol is mapped to symbols 12 and 13, subcarrier 2 is mapped to symbols 4 and 5, and subcarrier 0 is mapped to symbols 2 and 3.

[0165] Note that although Fig.11 Three SL-PRS resources having a {2,2} resource structure are illustrated, but it should be understood that this is merely an example and the present disclosure is not limited to this example.

[0166] Using this technology, Fig.10 As with the technique illustrated in , the receiving UE will need to perform an FFT operation on the AGC training symbols to identify the mapping to the SL-PRS symbols. This is why the UE may need AGC processing gaps (depending on its capabilities). In addition, separate signaling is required to indicate the number of symbols per SL-PRS resource (in Fig.11 , two symbols in the example above).

[0167] Note that although Fig.10 and Fig.11 The AGC training symbol is illustrated as the first occurrence of the symbol in the time slot, but this is not required. Fig.10 and Fig.11 A single symbol is illustrated for the optional AGC processing gap, but there may be more than one symbol.

[0168] Fig.12 An example method 1200 of wireless communication in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In one aspect, the method 1200 may be performed by a UE (eg, any of the UEs described herein).

[0169] At 1210, the UE transmits or receives a first SL-PRS resource, wherein the first SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb size and a number of symbols in a slot, and wherein a first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is configured as an AGC training symbol for the first SL-PRS resource. In one aspect, operation 1210 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered as means for performing the operation.

[0170] Fig.13 An example method 1300 of wireless communication in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. In one aspect, the method 1300 may be performed by a UE (eg, any of the UEs described herein).

[0171] At 1310, the UE transmits or receives a first AGC reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of an AGC training symbol of a time slot, wherein the positions of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first symbol set of the time slot configured for a first SL-PRS resource. In one aspect, operation 1310 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered as means for performing the operation.

[0172] At 1320, the UE transmits or receives a first SL-PRS resource on a first symbol set of a time slot. In one aspect, operation 1320 may be performed by one or more WWAN transceivers 310, one or more short-range wireless transceivers 320, one or more processors 332, memory 340, and / or positioning component 342, any or all of which may be considered as means for performing the operation.

[0173] It should be appreciated that a technical advantage of methods 1200 and 1300 is that AGC operation of SL-PRS is achieved.

[0174] In the above specific embodiments, it can be seen that different features are grouped together in each example. This disclosure should not be understood as an intention that the example clauses have more features than the features explicitly mentioned in each clause. On the contrary, various aspects of the present disclosure may include less than all the features of the disclosed individual example clauses. Therefore, the following clauses should be considered to be incorporated into the description accordingly, where each clause itself can be used as a separate example. Although each subordinate clause may refer to a specific combination of one clause with other clauses in a clause, the aspects of the subordinate clause are not limited to a specific combination. It should be understood that other example clauses may also include a combination of the subject matter of the subordinate clause aspect with any other subordinate clause or independent clause or any feature with other subordinate clauses and independent clauses. The various aspects disclosed herein explicitly include these combinations, unless it is clearly expressed or can be easily inferred that a specific combination is not intended to be used (for example, contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as both an electrical insulator and an electrical conductor). In addition, it is also expected that various aspects of the clause may be included in any other independent clause, even if the clause is not directly dependent on the independent clause.

[0175] Specific implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

[0176] Clause 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: sending or receiving a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource, wherein the first SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols in a time slot, and wherein a first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is configured as an automatic gain control (AGC) training symbol for the first SL-PRS resource.

[0177] Clause 2. A method according to clause 1, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource correspond to the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS) resource or an uplink sounding reference signal (UL-SRS) resource, and the first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource corresponds to the first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

[0178] Clause 3. A method according to clause 2, wherein: the comb size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource are one of {2,2}, {2,4}, {2,6}, {2,12}, {4,4}, {4,12}, {6,6}, {6,12} or {12,12}, or the comb size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resource are one of {2,1}, {2,2}, {2,4}, {4,2}, {4,4}, {4,8}, {4,12}, {8,4}, {8,8} and {8,12}.

[0179] Clause 4. A method according to clause 1, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource, and the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is other than the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

[0180] Clause 5. A method according to clause 4, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,3}, {2,5}, {2,7}, {2,13}, {4,5}, {4,13}, {6,7}, {6,13} and {12,13}, or the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,2}, {2,3}, {2,5}, {4,3}, {4,5}, {4,9}, {4,13}, {8,5}, {8,9} and {8,13}.

[0181] Clause 6. A method according to any one of clauses 4 to 5, wherein the first occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is a repetition of another symbol of the first SL-PRS resource.

[0182] Clause 7. The method according to any one of clauses 1 to 6 further includes: sending or receiving a second SL-PRS resource, wherein the second SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols, and wherein the first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the second SL-PRS resource is configured as an AGC training symbol for the second SL-PRS resource.

[0183] Clause 8. The method according to any one of clauses 1 to 7 further comprises: receiving configuration information for the first SL-PRS resource, wherein the configuration information indicates at least the comb size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource.

[0184] Clause 9. The method of clause 8, wherein the configuration information is received from: a location server, a serving base station, or another UE.

[0185] Clause 10. A method according to any one of clauses 1 to 9, wherein sending or receiving the first SL-PRS resource comprises: measuring the AGC training symbol; and measuring the first SL-PRS resource based on the measurement of the AGC training symbol.

[0186] Clause 11. A method according to any one of clauses 1 to 10, wherein sending or receiving the first SL-PRS resource comprises: sending the first SL-PRS resource including the AGC training symbol.

[0187] Clause 12. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: sending or receiving a first automatic gain control (AGC) reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of an AGC training symbol of a time slot, wherein the positions of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first symbol set of the time slot configured for a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource; and sending or receiving the first SL-PRS resource on the first symbol set of the time slot.

[0188] Clause 13. The method of clause 12, wherein: the number of the one or more first subcarriers is equal to the number of the first symbol sets, and the position of the one or more subcarriers indicates the position of the first symbol set.

[0189] Clause 14. A method according to any one of clauses 12 to 13, wherein: the one or more first subcarriers is a single subcarrier, and the position of the single subcarrier indicates a first occurring symbol in the first set of symbols.

[0190] Clause 15. A method as described in any of clauses 12 to 14, wherein the AGC training symbol is followed by an AGC processing gap of one or more symbols of the time slot.

[0191] Clause 16. A method as described in any one of clauses 12 to 15, wherein the AGC training symbol is the first occurring symbol of the time slot.

[0192] Clause 17. The method according to any one of clauses 12 to 16 further includes: sending or receiving a second AGC reference signal on one or more second subcarriers of the AGC training symbol of the time slot, wherein the positions of the one or more second subcarriers are mapped to a second symbol set of the time slot configured for a second SL-PRS resource; and sending or receiving the second SL-PRS resource on the second symbol set of the time slot.

[0193] Clause 18. The method of any one of clauses 12 to 17, further comprising: receiving configuration information for at least the AGC training symbols and the first SL-PRS resources.

[0194] Clause 19. The method of clause 18, wherein the configuration information is received from: a location server, a serving base station, or another UE.

[0195] Clause 20. A method as described in any of clauses 12 to 19, wherein sending or receiving the first AGC reference signal comprises: measuring the first AGC reference signal on the one or more first subcarriers of the AGC training symbol; and

[0196] Clause 21. The method of clause 20, wherein sending or receiving the first SL-PRS resource comprises measuring the first SL-PRS resource based on a measurement of the first AGC reference signal.

[0197] Clause 22. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: send or receive a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource via the at least one transceiver, wherein the first SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols in a time slot, and wherein a first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is configured as an automatic gain control (AGC) training symbol for the first SL-PRS resource.

[0198] Clause 23. A UE according to clause 22, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource correspond to the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS) resource or an uplink sounding reference signal (UL-SRS) resource, and the first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource corresponds to the first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

[0199] Clause 24. A UE according to clause 23, wherein: the comb size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resources are one of {2,2}, {2,4}, {2,6}, {2,12}, {4,4}, {4,12}, {6,6}, {6,12} or {12,12}, or the comb size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resources are one of {2,1}, {2,2}, {2,4}, {4,2}, {4,4}, {4,8}, {4,12}, {8,4}, {8,8} and {8,12}.

[0200] Clause 25. A UE according to clause 22, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource, and the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is other than the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

[0201] Clause 26. A UE according to clause 25, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,3}, {2,5}, {2,7}, {2,13}, {4,5}, {4,13}, {6,7}, {6,13} and {12,13}, or the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,2}, {2,3}, {2,5}, {4,3}, {4,5}, {4,9}, {4,13}, {8,5}, {8,9} and {8,13}.

[0202] Clause 27. A UE as described in any of clauses 25 to 26, wherein the first occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is a repetition of another symbol of the first SL-PRS resource.

[0203] Clause 28. A UE according to any one of clauses 22 to 27, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: send or receive a second SL-PRS resource via the at least one transceiver, wherein the second SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols, and wherein the first appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the second SL-PRS resource is configured as an AGC training symbol for the second SL-PRS resource.

[0204] Clause 29. A UE according to any one of clauses 22 to 28, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive configuration information for the first SL-PRS resource via the at least one transceiver, wherein the configuration information indicates at least the comb size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource.

[0205] Clause 30. The UE of clause 29, wherein the configuration information is received from: a location server, a serving base station, or another UE.

[0206] Clause 31. A UE according to any one of clauses 22 to 30, wherein the at least one processor configured to send or receive the first SL-PRS resource includes the at least one processor configured to: measure the AGC training symbol; and measure the first SL-PRS resource based on the measurement of the AGC training symbol.

[0207] Clause 32. A UE according to any one of clauses 22 to 31, wherein the at least one processor configured to send or receive the first SL-PRS resource includes the at least one processor configured to perform the following operations: sending the first SL-PRS resource including the AGC training symbol via the at least one transceiver.

[0208] Clause 33. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: send or receive a first automatic gain control (AGC) reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of an AGC training symbol of a time slot via the at least one transceiver, wherein the positions of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first symbol set of the time slot configured for a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource; and send or receive the first SL-PRS resource on the first symbol set of the time slot via the at least one transceiver.

[0209] Clause 34. A UE according to clause 33, wherein: the number of the one or more first subcarriers is equal to the number of the first symbol sets, and the position of the one or more subcarriers indicates the position of the first symbol set.

[0210] Clause 35. A UE as described in any of clauses 33 to 34, wherein: the one or more first subcarriers is a single subcarrier, and the position of the single subcarrier indicates a first occurring symbol in the first set of symbols.

[0211] Clause 36. A UE as set forth in any of clauses 33 to 35, wherein the AGC training symbol is followed by an AGC processing gap of one or more symbols of the time slot.

[0212] Clause 37. A UE as set out in any of clauses 33 to 36, wherein the AGC training symbol is a first occurring symbol of the time slot.

[0213] Clause 38. A UE according to any one of clauses 33 to 37, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: send or receive a second AGC reference signal on one or more second subcarriers of the AGC training symbol of the time slot via the at least one transceiver, wherein the positions of the one or more second subcarriers are mapped to a second symbol set of the time slot configured for a second SL-PRS resource; and send or receive the second SL-PRS resource on the second symbol set of the time slot via the at least one transceiver.

[0214] Clause 39. A UE according to any of clauses 33 to 38, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: receive configuration information for at least the AGC training symbols and the first SL-PRS resources via the at least one transceiver.

[0215] Clause 40. The UE of clause 39, wherein the configuration information is received from: a location server, a serving base station, or another UE.

[0216] Clause 41. A UE according to any of clauses 33 to 40, wherein the at least one processor configured to send or receive the first AGC reference signal comprises the at least one processor configured to: measure the first AGC reference signal on the one or more first subcarriers of the AGC training symbol; and

[0217] Clause 42. A UE according to clause 41, wherein the at least one processor configured to send or receive the first SL-PRS resource includes the at least one processor configured to perform the following operations: measure the first SL-PRS resource based on measurement of the first AGC reference signal.

[0218] Clause 43. A user equipment (UE) comprising: a component for sending or receiving a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource, wherein the first SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb size and a number of symbols in a time slot, and wherein a first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is configured as an automatic gain control (AGC) training symbol for the first SL-PRS resource.

[0219] Clause 44. A UE according to clause 43, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource correspond to the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS) resource or an uplink sounding reference signal (UL-SRS) resource, and the first occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource corresponds to the first occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

[0220] Clause 45. A UE according to clause 44, wherein: the comb size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resources are one of {2,2}, {2,4}, {2,6}, {2,12}, {4,4}, {4,12}, {6,6}, {6,12} or {12,12}, or the comb size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resources are one of {2,1}, {2,2}, {2,4}, {4,2}, {4,4}, {4,8}, {4,12}, {8,4}, {8,8} and {8,12}.

[0221] Clause 46. A UE according to clause 43, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource, and the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is in addition to the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

[0222] Clause 47. A UE according to clause 46, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,3}, {2,5}, {2,7}, {2,13}, {4,5}, {4,13}, {6,7}, {6,13} and {12,13}, or the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,2}, {2,3}, {2,5}, {4,3}, {4,5}, {4,9}, {4,13}, {8,5}, {8,9} and {8,13}.

[0223] Clause 48. A UE as set forth in any of clauses 46 to 47, wherein the first occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is a repetition of another symbol of the first SL-PRS resource.

[0224] Clause 49. A UE according to any one of clauses 43 to 48, further comprising: a component for sending or receiving a second SL-PRS resource, wherein the second SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols, and wherein the first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the second SL-PRS resource is configured as an AGC training symbol for the second SL-PRS resource.

[0225] Clause 50. A UE according to any one of clauses 43 to 49, further comprising: means for receiving configuration information for the first SL-PRS resource, wherein the configuration information indicates at least the comb size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource.

[0226] Clause 51. The UE of clause 50, wherein the configuration information is received from: a location server, a serving base station, or another UE.

[0227] Clause 52. A UE according to any one of clauses 43 to 51, wherein the component for sending or receiving the first SL-PRS resource includes: a component for measuring the AGC training symbol; and a component for measuring the first SL-PRS resource based on the measurement of the AGC training symbol.

[0228] Clause 53. A UE according to any of clauses 43 to 52, wherein the means for sending or receiving the first SL-PRS resources comprises: means for sending the first SL-PRS resources including the AGC training symbols.

[0229] Clause 54. A user equipment (UE), comprising: a component for sending or receiving a first automatic gain control (AGC) reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of an AGC training symbol of a time slot, wherein the positions of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first symbol set of the time slot configured for a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource; and a component for sending or receiving the first SL-PRS resource on the first symbol set of the time slot.

[0230] Clause 55. A UE according to clause 54, wherein: the number of the one or more first subcarriers is equal to the number of the first symbol sets, and the position of the one or more subcarriers indicates the position of the first symbol set.

[0231] Clause 56. A UE as described in any of clauses 54 to 55, wherein: the one or more first subcarriers is a single subcarrier, and the position of the single subcarrier indicates a first occurring symbol in the first set of symbols.

[0232] Clause 57. A UE as set forth in any of clauses 54 to 56, wherein the AGC training symbol is followed by an AGC processing gap of one or more symbols of the time slot.

[0233] Clause 58. A UE as set forth in any one of clauses 54 to 57, wherein the AGC training symbol is a first occurring symbol of the time slot.

[0234] Clause 59. A UE according to any one of clauses 54 to 58, further comprising: a component for sending or receiving a second AGC reference signal on one or more second subcarriers of the AGC training symbol of the time slot, wherein the positions of the one or more second subcarriers are mapped to a second symbol set of the time slot configured for a second SL-PRS resource; and a component for sending or receiving the second SL-PRS resource on the second symbol set of the time slot.

[0235] Clause 60. A UE as described in any of clauses 54 to 59, further comprising: means for receiving configuration information for at least the AGC training symbols and the first SL-PRS resources.

[0236] Clause 61. The UE of clause 60, wherein the configuration information is received from: a location server, a serving base station, or another UE.

[0237] Clause 62. A UE according to any of clauses 54 to 61, wherein the means for sending or receiving the first AGC reference signal comprises: means for measuring the first AGC reference signal on the one or more first subcarriers of the AGC training symbol; and

[0238] Clause 63. The UE of clause 62, wherein the means for sending or receiving the first SL-PRS resource comprises means for measuring the first SL-PRS resource based on a measurement of the first AGC reference signal.

[0239] Clause 64. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a user equipment (UE), cause the UE to: send or receive a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource, wherein the first SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols in a time slot, and wherein a first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is configured as an automatic gain control (AGC) training symbol for the first SL-PRS resource.

[0240] Clause 65. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to clause 64, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource correspond to the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS) resource or an uplink sounding reference signal (UL-SRS) resource, and the first occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource corresponds to the first occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

[0241] Clause 66. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to clause 65, wherein: the comb size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource are one of {2,2}, {2,4}, {2,6}, {2,12}, {4,4}, {4,12}, {6,6}, {6,12} or {12,12}, or the comb size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resource are one of {2,1}, {2,2}, {2,4}, {4,2}, {4,4}, {4,8}, {4,12}, {8,4}, {8,8} and {8,12}.

[0242] Clause 67. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to clause 64, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource, and the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is in addition to the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

[0243] Clause 68. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to clause 67, wherein: the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,3}, {2,5}, {2,7}, {2,13}, {4,5}, {4,13}, {6,7}, {6,13} and {12,13}, or the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,2}, {2,3}, {2,5}, {4,3}, {4,5}, {4,9}, {4,13}, {8,5}, {8,9} and {8,13}.

[0244] Clause 69. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in any of clauses 67 to 68, wherein the first occurrence of the symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is a repetition of another symbol of the first SL-PRS resource.

[0245] Clause 70. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of clauses 64 to 69, further comprising computer-executable instructions which, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: send or receive a second SL-PRS resource, wherein the second SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols, and wherein a first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the second SL-PRS resource is configured as an AGC training symbol for the second SL-PRS resource.

[0246] Clause 71. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of clauses 64 to 70 further includes computer-executable instructions which, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: receive configuration information for the first SL-PRS resource, wherein the configuration information indicates at least the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource.

[0247] Clause 72. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of Clause 71, wherein the configuration information is received from: a location server, a serving base station, or another UE.

[0248] Clause 73. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of clauses 64 to 72, wherein the computer executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to send or receive the first SL-PRS resource include computer executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to perform the following operations: measure the AGC training symbol; and measure the first SL-PRS resource based on the measurement of the AGC training symbol.

[0249] Clause 74. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of clauses 64 to 73, wherein the computer executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to send or receive the first SL-PRS resources include computer executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to perform the following operations: sending the first SL-PRS resources including the AGC training symbols.

[0250] Clause 75. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a user equipment (UE), causes the UE to: send or receive a first automatic gain control (AGC) reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of an AGC training symbol of a time slot, wherein the positions of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first symbol set of the time slot configured for a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource; and send or receive the first SL-PRS resource on the first symbol set of the time slot.

[0251] Clause 76. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to clause 75, wherein: the number of the one or more first subcarriers is equal to the number of the first symbol sets, and the position of the one or more subcarriers indicates the position of the first symbol set.

[0252] Clause 77. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in any of clauses 75 to 76, wherein: the one or more first subcarriers are a single subcarrier, and the position of the single subcarrier indicates the first occurrence of a symbol in the first symbol set.

[0253] Clause 78. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of clauses 75 to 77, wherein the AGC training symbol is followed by an AGC processing gap of one or more symbols of the time slot.

[0254] Clause 79. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of clauses 75 to 78, wherein the AGC training symbol is a first-occurring symbol of the time slot.

[0255] Clause 80. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of clauses 75 to 79, further comprising computer-executable instructions which, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: send or receive a second AGC reference signal on one or more second subcarriers of the AGC training symbol of the time slot, wherein the positions of the one or more second subcarriers are mapped to a second symbol set of the time slot configured for a second SL-PRS resource; and send or receive the second SL-PRS resource on the second symbol set of the time slot.

[0256] Clause 81. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of clauses 75 to 80, further comprising computer-executable instructions which, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: receive configuration information for at least the AGC training symbols and the first SL-PRS resources.

[0257] Clause 82. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of Clause 81, wherein the configuration information is received from: a location server, a serving base station, or another UE.

[0258] Clause 83. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of clauses 75 to 82, wherein the computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to send or receive the first AGC reference signal include computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to: measure the first AGC reference signal on the one or more first subcarriers of the AGC training symbol; and

[0259] Clause 84. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to clause 83, wherein the computer executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to send or receive the first SL-PRS resource include computer executable instructions that, when executed by the UE, cause the UE to perform the following operations: measure the first SL-PRS resource based on measurement of the first AGC reference signal.

[0260] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0261] In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various exemplary components, frames, modules, circuits and steps have been generally described in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints proposed to the entire system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such specific implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0262] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or executed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors and a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0263] The methods, sequences and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be directly embodied in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software module may reside in a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An example storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. In an alternative, the storage medium may be integral with the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE). In an alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside in a user terminal as discrete components.

[0264] In one or more example aspects, the function may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the function may be stored on a computer-readable medium or sent via a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another. The storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, or other optical disk storage devices, disk storage devices, or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store the desired program code in the form of an instruction or data structure and can be accessed by a computer. Moreover, any connection is appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwaves, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwaves are included in the definition of the medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0265] Although the foregoing disclosure illustrates the exemplary aspects of the present disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. In addition, the functions, steps and / or actions of the method claims according to the various aspects of the present disclosure described herein do not need to be performed in any particular order. In addition, although the elements of the present disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, plural forms may also be considered unless explicitly stated to be limited to the singular.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: Sending or receiving a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource, wherein the first SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols in a time slot, and wherein a first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is configured as an automatic gain control (AGC) training symbol for the first SL-PRS resource.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource correspond to the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS) resource or an uplink sounding reference signal (UL-SRS) resource, and The first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource corresponds to the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein: The comb size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource are one of {2,2}, {2,4}, {2,6}, {2,12}, {4,4}, {4,12}, {6,6}, {6,12} or {12,12}, or The comb size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resource are one of {2,1}, {2,2}, {2,4}, {4,2}, {4,4}, {4,8}, {4,12}, {8,4}, {8,8} and {8,12}.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of a DL-PRS resource or a UL-SRS resource, and The first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is excluding the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: The comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,3}, {2,5}, {2,7}, {2,13}, {4,5}, {4,13}, {6,7}, {6,13} and {12,13}, or The comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,2}, {2,3}, {2,5}, {4,3}, {4,5}, {4,9}, {4,13}, {8,5}, {8,9} and {8,13}.

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is a repetition of another symbol of the first SL-PRS resource.

7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Sending or receiving a second SL-PRS resource, wherein the second SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols, and wherein a first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the second SL-PRS resource is configured as an AGC training symbol for the second SL-PRS resource.

8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Receive configuration information for the first SL-PRS resource, wherein the configuration information indicates at least the comb size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the configuration information is received from: Location Server, Serving base station or Another UE.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein sending or receiving the first SL-PRS resource comprises: measuring the AGC training symbols; and The first SL-PRS resource is measured based on measurement of the AGC training symbols.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein sending or receiving the first SL-PRS resource comprises: The first SL-PRS resource including the AGC training symbol is sent.

12. A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: transmitting or receiving a first automatic gain control (AGC) reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of an AGC training symbol of a time slot, wherein positions of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first symbol set of the time slot configured for a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource; and The first SL-PRS resource is sent or received on the first symbol set of the time slot.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein: The number of the one or more first subcarriers is equal to the number of the first symbol sets, and The positions of the one or more subcarriers indicate positions of the first set of symbols.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein: The one or more first subcarriers are a single subcarrier, and The position of the single subcarrier indicates a first occurring symbol in the first set of symbols.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the AGC training symbol is followed by an AGC processing gap of one or more symbols of the time slot.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein the AGC training symbol is a first occurring symbol of the time slot.

17. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: sending or receiving a second AGC reference signal on one or more second subcarriers of the AGC training symbol of the time slot, wherein the positions of the one or more second subcarriers are mapped to a second symbol set of the time slot configured for a second SL-PRS resource; and The second SL-PRS resource is sent or received on the second symbol set of the time slot.

18. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: Receive configuration information for at least the AGC training symbols and the first SL-PRS resources.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the configuration information is received from: Location Server, Serving base station or Another UE.

20. The method of claim 12, wherein sending or receiving the first AGC reference signal comprises: measuring the first AGC reference signal on the one or more first subcarriers of the AGC training symbol; as well as.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein sending or receiving the first SL-PRS resource comprises: The first SL-PRS resource is measured based on measurement of the first AGC reference signal.

22. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: Memory; at least one transceiver; as well as at least one processor, the at least one processor being communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: A first side link positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource is sent or received via the at least one transceiver, wherein the first SL-PRS resource is configured with at least a comb tooth size and a number of symbols in a time slot, and wherein a first-appearing symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is configured as an automatic gain control (AGC) training symbol for the first SL-PRS resource.

23. The UE according to claim 22, wherein: The comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource correspond to the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of a downlink positioning reference signal (DL-PRS) resource or an uplink sounding reference signal (UL-SRS) resource, and The first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource corresponds to the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

24. The UE according to claim 23, wherein: The comb size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource are one of {2,2}, {2,4}, {2,6}, {2,12}, {4,4}, {4,12}, {6,6}, {6,12} or {12,12}, or The comb size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resource are one of {2,1}, {2,2}, {2,4}, {4,2}, {4,4}, {4,8}, {4,12}, {8,4}, {8,8} and {8,12}.

25. The UE according to claim 22, wherein: The comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of a DL-PRS resource or a UL-SRS resource, and The first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is excluding the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource or the UL-SRS resource.

26. The UE according to claim 25, wherein: The comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the DL-PRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,3}, {2,5}, {2,7}, {2,13}, {4,5}, {4,13}, {6,7}, {6,13} and {12,13}, or The comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are based on the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the UL-SRS resource, and the comb tooth size and the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource are one of {2,2}, {2,3}, {2,5}, {4,3}, {4,5}, {4,9}, {4,13}, {8,5}, {8,9} and {8,13}.

27. The UE of claim 25, wherein the first-occurring symbol in the number of symbols of the first SL-PRS resource is a repetition of another symbol of the first SL-PRS resource.

28. A user equipment (UE), the user equipment (UE) comprising: Memory; at least one transceiver; as well as at least one processor, the at least one processor being communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: transmitting or receiving, via the at least one transceiver, a first automatic gain control (AGC) reference signal on one or more first subcarriers of an AGC training symbol of a time slot, wherein positions of the one or more first subcarriers are mapped to a first symbol set of the time slot configured for a first sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) resource; as well as The first SL-PRS resource is sent or received on the first symbol set of the time slot via the at least one transceiver.

29. The UE according to claim 28, wherein: The number of the one or more first subcarriers is equal to the number of the first symbol sets, and The positions of the one or more subcarriers indicate positions of the first set of symbols.

30. The UE according to claim 28, wherein: The one or more first subcarriers are a single subcarrier, and The position of the single subcarrier indicates a first occurring symbol in the first set of symbols.

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