Positioning method and system for actively monitoring discharge signal with synchronous time service

Abstract

The invention discloses a synchronous time service-containing positioning method and system for actively monitoring a discharge signal, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a synchronous time service signal of each monitoring node for clock synchronization when no partial discharge occurs; the monitoring nodes sequentially send pulse sequences at intervals, and after other monitoring nodes except the monitoring nodes sending the pulse sequences receive pulse sequence signals, transfer function models among the monitoring nodes are calculated through the pulse sequence signals, and a system topological structure is constructed; when partial discharge occurs, the transfer function between the monitoring nodes changes along with the partial discharge, and fault section positioning is carried out in the system topological structure according to the change of the transfer function between the monitoring nodes; and positioning the partial discharge signal in combination with the transfer function of the positioned fault section. Through active monitoring, potential problems can be found and solved in advance, and fault expansion and sudden accidents are avoided. The maintenance cost of the system can be reduced, and the overall reliability and stability of the system can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of power system monitoring, and in particular relates to a positioning method and system for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing. Background Art

[0002] At present, the discharge monitoring methods in power systems mainly rely on manual inspections and traditional monitoring equipment. Although these methods can detect discharge problems to a certain extent, they have disadvantages such as low efficiency and poor accuracy. In addition, the amount of data generated by the discharge monitoring of existing power systems is usually large, which requires analysis and interpretation by professionals. However, due to the complexity and time-consuming nature of data analysis, the analysis results may be delayed or even unable to be fed back to relevant departments in a timely manner, further delaying the handling of the problem.

[0003] Fault detection is delayed because it relies on other indirect or passive detection methods that may not be as sensitive or real-time as active monitoring. Troubleshooting becomes more difficult when positioning results are inaccurate or unreliable. The system may need to spend more time and resources to confirm the discharge location, and may even make misjudgments or misses. Due to the low degree of system automation, limited positioning accuracy and reliability, more manual intervention may be required to make up for these deficiencies. This will increase operation and maintenance costs and workload.

[0004] Due to the limitations of positioning accuracy and reliability, the system may not be able to detect and handle potential discharge faults in a timely manner. This will increase the risk of power equipment damage and power outages, posing a threat to the safe and stable operation of the power system. In the power grid, partial discharge may be a precursor to serious problems such as equipment aging and insulation damage. If these problems cannot be detected and handled in a timely manner, it may lead to consequences such as decreased grid stability and reduced power supply quality.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problems of limited positioning accuracy, low reliability, slow response speed and high operation and maintenance cost of existing discharge signal monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems of limited positioning accuracy, low reliability, slow response speed and high operation and maintenance cost of existing discharge signal monitoring, and propose a positioning method and system for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: A positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing, comprising the following steps: When no partial discharge occurs, the synchronous timing signal of each monitoring node is obtained to perform clock synchronization; Each monitoring node sends a pulse sequence signal in turn at intervals. After receiving the pulse sequence signal, the other monitoring nodes except the monitoring node that sends the pulse sequence use the pulse sequence signal to calculate the transfer function model between each monitoring node and build the system topology structure. When partial discharge occurs, the transfer function between each monitoring node changes accordingly, and the fault interval is located in the system topology according to the change of the transfer function between each monitoring node; The partial discharge signal is located by combining the transfer function of the located fault interval.

[0008] Furthermore, each monitoring node has a unique identifier, and sends and receives pulse sequences within a predetermined time interval, and filters, amplifies and synchronously processes the pulse sequence signals received by other monitoring nodes; each monitoring node is provided with a pulse sequence signal delay and amplitude recording device; The transfer function model between each monitoring node is calculated by using the pulse sequence signal. Specifically, after calculating the time delay and amplitude attenuation of the pulse sequence signal to obtain the transfer function of the pulse sequence signal propagating in the system, the transfer function model between each monitoring node is calculated in combination with the system characteristics and signal type. System characteristics include cable type, media, and temperature, and signal types include electromagnetic and acoustic waves.

[0009] Furthermore, the transfer function of the pulse sequence signal propagating in the system obtained by calculating the time delay and amplitude attenuation of the pulse sequence signal is specifically: The arrival timestamp of the partial discharge signal is recorded at each monitoring node. For any two monitoring nodes, the time difference of the signal propagation between the two monitoring nodes is calculated to obtain the delay of the pulse train signal. The amplitude of the received partial discharge signal is measured at each monitoring node. For any two monitoring nodes, the amplitude attenuation of the signal propagating between the two monitoring nodes is calculated to obtain the amplitude attenuation of the pulse sequence signal. The transfer function is calculated by combining the time delay of the pulse sequence signal propagating between the two monitoring nodes and the amplitude attenuation of the pulse sequence signal propagating between the two monitoring nodes.

[0010] Further, the constructing of the system topology structure includes: constructing a connection matrix according to the calculated transfer functions between the monitoring nodes, wherein each element represents the connection strength and characteristics between two nodes, and extracting the system topology structure from the connection matrix; The system topology includes the location of each monitoring node, the connection relationship between each monitoring node and the pulse sequence signal propagation path.

[0011] Furthermore, the fault interval location in the system topology structure according to the change of the transfer function between each monitoring node is specifically as follows: When the system is operating normally, the transfer function between each monitoring node is recorded as the baseline data. When the system is running, the real-time data of the transfer function between each monitoring node is recorded, and the real-time data is compared and analyzed with the baseline data to determine the changed transfer function; Record the time when each monitoring node receives the local discharge signal, calculate the time difference between different monitoring nodes receiving the signal, and estimate the location of the discharge point based on the signal propagation speed and time difference; The model parameters of the transfer function model are estimated using real-time data to find the model that best matches the actual situation. The changed transfer function and the estimated discharge point location are combined to determine the fault occurrence interval based on the changes in the model parameters.

[0012] Furthermore, the synchronous timing signal of each monitoring node is obtained through GPS or Beidou.

[0013] Furthermore, each monitoring node is provided with a local positioning detection transmitter and a partial discharge positioning receiver.

[0014] A positioning system for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing, comprising: The synchronous timing module is used to obtain the synchronous timing signals of each monitoring node for clock synchronization when no partial discharge occurs; Construct a system topology module, which is used for each monitoring node to send a pulse sequence in turn at intervals. After the other monitoring nodes except the monitoring node that sends the pulse sequence receive the pulse sequence signal, the pulse sequence signal is used to calculate the transfer function model between each monitoring node and construct the system topology structure; The fault interval locating module is used to locate the fault interval in the system topology structure according to the change of the transfer function between each monitoring node when partial discharge occurs; The local discharge signal locating module is used to locate the local discharge signal in combination with the transfer function of the located fault interval.

[0015] An electronic device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, a positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals including synchronous timing as described in any one of the items is implemented.

[0016] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing as described in any one of the items is implemented.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention proposes a positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing. Through the synchronous timing signal, all monitoring nodes can achieve accurate time synchronization. Time synchronization eliminates the measurement error caused by the time difference of different nodes, and improves the accuracy and reliability of the overall system. By actively sending a pulse sequence and monitoring its propagation, active monitoring of the power system or other related systems is achieved, which can not only timely discover potential local discharge problems, but also provide early warning through continuous monitoring to avoid the expansion of faults and the occurrence of sudden accidents. It is more accurate to locate the fault interval by using the change of the transfer function between each monitoring node. By constructing a system topology structure and analyzing the change of the transfer function in real time, the fault range can be quickly narrowed, and the efficiency of fault detection and repair can be improved. After determining the fault interval, combined with the transfer function characteristics of the interval, the local discharge signal can be further accurately located, which not only improves the accuracy of signal recognition, but also helps to distinguish different types of discharge faults, providing a strong basis for subsequent maintenance and replacement. It does not rely on a specific hardware or software platform and has strong adaptability and scalability. With the increase of monitoring nodes and the expansion of the system, the monitoring strategy can be flexibly adjusted and optimized to meet the needs of systems of different scales and complexities. Through active monitoring and timely early warning, potential problems can be discovered and solved in advance, the expansion of faults and the occurrence of sudden accidents can be avoided, the maintenance cost of the system can be reduced, and the overall reliability and stability of the system can be improved. In summary, it has significant advantages in improving monitoring accuracy, fault warning, fault troubleshooting and repair efficiency. The present invention improves positioning accuracy and reliability, accelerates response speed, and reduces operation and maintenance costs.

[0018] Furthermore, the practice of calculating the transfer function by combining the time difference and amplitude attenuation of the signal propagating between two monitoring nodes has significant advantages in improving positioning accuracy, enhancing the ability to identify fault types, optimizing system layout and monitoring strategies, providing a basis for system maintenance and upgrades, and improving real-time and response speed.

[0019] Furthermore, locating the fault interval according to the changes in the transfer function between each monitoring node has significant benefits in improving the accuracy and reliability of positioning, enhancing the system's fault warning capability, optimizing the fault troubleshooting and repair process, improving the overall performance and stability of the system, and supporting data-driven decision making. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings described herein are for explanation purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components in the drawings are only for illustration purposes to help understand the present invention, and are not intended to specifically limit the shapes and proportional dimensions of the components of the present invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing.

[0021] Figure 2 The present invention is a structural diagram of a positioning system for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing.

[0022] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for positioning a method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Embodiment 1 See also Figure 1 , a positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing, comprising the following steps: When no partial discharge occurs, the synchronous timing signal of each monitoring node is obtained to perform clock synchronization; Each monitoring node sends a pulse sequence signal in turn at intervals. After receiving the pulse sequence signal, the other monitoring nodes except the monitoring node that sends the pulse sequence use the pulse sequence signal to calculate the transfer function model between each monitoring node and build the system topology structure. When partial discharge occurs, the transfer function between each monitoring node changes accordingly, and the fault interval is located in the system topology according to the change of the transfer function between each monitoring node; The partial discharge signal is located by combining the transfer function of the located fault interval. This embodiment achieves accurate clock synchronization of each monitoring node through synchronous timing signals, eliminates the influence of time differences on positioning results, and uses transfer function models and system topology structures to locate fault intervals and partial discharge signals, thereby improving positioning accuracy and reliability. The method supports real-time monitoring of transfer function changes between various monitoring nodes. Once abnormal changes are found, the fault detection and positioning process can be triggered. Real-time monitoring and early warning of partial discharge signals can timely discover and deal with potential safety hazards. By locating the specific location of partial discharge signals and combining the analysis of system topology structures and transfer function characteristics, the layout and monitoring strategy of monitoring nodes can be optimized to improve the overall performance and stability of the system. Accurate partial discharge signal positioning can reduce unnecessary inspection and maintenance work, reduce maintenance costs and time consumption. At the same time, by timely discovering and dealing with potential safety hazards, greater losses caused by the expansion of faults can be avoided. The construction and update of system topology are relatively simple and can be completed by sending and receiving pulse sequences. This makes the system more flexible and convenient when expanding new monitoring nodes or adjusting the monitoring network layout. By adopting standardized signal processing and data transmission protocols, system maintenance and upgrades are also easier to achieve, and it has significant advantages in improving positioning accuracy, reducing external interference, and enhancing system stability and scalability.

[0025] Each monitoring node has a unique identifier, and sends and receives pulse sequences within a predetermined time interval, and filters, amplifies and synchronously processes the pulse sequence signals received by other monitoring nodes; each monitoring node is equipped with a pulse sequence signal delay and amplitude recording device, and uses the pulse sequence signal to calculate the transfer function model between each monitoring node. Specifically, after calculating the pulse sequence signal delay and amplitude attenuation to obtain the transfer function of the pulse sequence signal propagating in the system, the transfer function model between each monitoring node is calculated in combination with the system characteristics and signal type; the system characteristics include cable type, medium and temperature, and the signal type includes electromagnetic waves and sound waves.

[0026] The time delay and amplitude attenuation of the pulse sequence signal are calculated to obtain the transfer function of the pulse sequence signal propagating in the system. Specifically, the timestamp of the arrival of the local discharge signal is recorded at each monitoring node, and for any two monitoring nodes, the time difference of the signal propagating between the two monitoring nodes is calculated; the amplitude of the received local discharge signal is measured at each monitoring node, and for any two monitoring nodes, the amplitude attenuation of the signal propagating between the two monitoring nodes is calculated; the transfer function is calculated by combining the time delay of the pulse sequence signal propagating between the two monitoring nodes and the amplitude attenuation of the pulse sequence signal propagating between the two monitoring nodes.

[0027] The construction of the system topology structure includes: constructing a connection matrix based on the calculated transfer functions between each monitoring node, in which each element represents the connection strength and characteristics between two nodes, and extracting the system topology structure from the connection matrix; the system topology includes the location of each monitoring node, the connection relationship of each monitoring node, and the propagation path of the pulse sequence signal. With the support of the system topology, when a fault or abnormality occurs in the monitoring network, the problem can be quickly located. By viewing the connection relationship and signal propagation path in the topology diagram, it can be determined which node or which section of the line has a problem, and corresponding measures can be taken to repair or maintain it. The construction of the system topology not only provides basic data for locating discharge signals, but also provides strong support for subsequent data analysis and decision-making. By deeply mining and analyzing the data in the topology diagram, potential problems and optimization space in the monitoring network can be discovered, providing valuable reference for improving the monitoring system and improving positioning accuracy.

[0028] The fault interval is located in the system topology structure according to the change of the transfer function between each monitoring node. Specifically, when the system is operating normally, the transfer function between each monitoring node is recorded as the baseline data. When the system is running, the real-time data of the transfer function between each monitoring node is recorded, and the real-time data is compared and analyzed with the baseline data to determine the changed transfer function; the time when each monitoring node receives the local discharge signal is recorded, the time difference of receiving the signal at different monitoring nodes is calculated, and the discharge point position is estimated according to the signal propagation speed and the time difference; A transfer function model is established based on the system structure and medium characteristics, and the model parameters are estimated using real-time data to find the model that best matches the actual situation. The changed transfer function and the estimated discharge point location are combined to determine the fault occurrence interval based on the change in model parameters. When constructing the transfer function model, parameters such as attenuation and phase shift during signal propagation are considered, which helps to distinguish between partial discharge signals and interference signals. Therefore, this method has strong anti-interference ability and can accurately detect partial discharge signals in complex environments.

[0029] The synchronous timing signals of each monitoring node are obtained through GPS or BeiDou. Furthermore, the acquisition of synchronous timing signals by each monitoring node through GPS or BeiDou brings many benefits, such as high-precision time synchronization, global coverage and flexibility, reduction of external interference and errors, and improvement of overall system performance. These benefits work together on the monitoring system, improving the accuracy, reliability and efficiency of discharge signal positioning, and providing a strong guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0030] Each monitoring node is equipped with a local positioning detection transmitter and a partial discharge positioning receiver. Each monitoring node is equipped with a local positioning detection transmitter and a partial discharge positioning receiver, which improves the positioning accuracy, reliability, flexibility and overall performance, and provides a strong guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0031] Embodiment 2 See also Figure 2 , a positioning system for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing, including a synchronous timing module, which is used for each monitoring node to obtain a synchronous timing signal for clock synchronization when no local discharge occurs; Construct a system topology module, which is used for each monitoring node to send a pulse sequence in turn at intervals. After the other monitoring nodes except the monitoring node that sends the pulse sequence receive the pulse sequence signal, the transfer function model between each monitoring node is calculated and the system topology structure is constructed; A fault interval locating module is used to locate the fault interval according to the change of the transfer function between each monitoring node when partial discharge occurs; The local discharge signal locating module is used to locate the local discharge signal in combination with the transfer function of the located fault interval.

[0032] Embodiment 3 See also Figure 3 , an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the computer program, a positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing as described in Example 1 is implemented.

[0033] Embodiment 4 A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing described in Embodiment 1 is implemented.

[0034] Embodiment 5 A positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing, where each monitoring node has synchronous timing, transmission and reception capabilities. The workflow is as follows: When no partial discharge occurs in the system, each monitoring node achieves precise clock synchronization through a GPS receiver; Each monitoring node sends a specific pulse sequence in turn at a corresponding time interval, and the other monitoring nodes receive the signal. By calculating the time delay and amplitude attenuation, the transfer function between each node is obtained, and the system topology is obtained through the signals of all nodes; Since the topology of the system does not change in a short time, when a fault or partial discharge occurs in the system, the transfer function between nodes will change. Through the change of the transfer function, the rough interval positioning of the fault can be achieved; Combined with the interval transfer function, precise positioning can be achieved.

[0035] Each monitoring node is equipped with a local positioning detection transmitter and a partial discharge positioning receiver.

[0036] The partial discharge positioning detection transmitter includes: a synchronization signal injection sensor, a synchronization signal generator, a rising edge conversion circuit, an acquisition board and a communication module; the synchronization signal generator is used to generate a synchronization signal; the synchronization signal generator includes: an oscillation inversion circuit, a switch tube circuit and a high-voltage power supply circuit; the partial discharge positioning receiver is used to receive the synchronization signal in the synchronization signal carrier and perform synchronous acquisition with the partial discharge positioning detection host.

[0037] Each monitoring node acts as both a transmitter and a receiver, and can achieve two-way signal transmission and reception. This two-way positioning mechanism can mutually verify the propagation path and delay of the signal, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of positioning. Through the collaborative work of multiple monitoring nodes, a more dense and accurate signal coverage network can be built. Each node can independently perform local positioning and merge the data with other nodes to form a multi-point positioning result, further improving the accuracy of positioning.

[0038] Since each node has complete positioning functions including transmission and reception, the monitoring network can be flexibly arranged according to actual monitoring needs. At the same time, in scenarios that require rapid response, monitoring nodes with complete positioning functions can be quickly deployed to form a preliminary monitoring network. The combination of local positioning detection transmitters and partial discharge positioning receivers can adapt to different monitoring environments and electromagnetic interference conditions. By adjusting parameters such as transmission power, receiving sensitivity, and signal processing algorithms, stable positioning results can be obtained in different environments.

[0039] Each monitoring node can independently track the propagation path of the signal and record the relevant delay and amplitude information. This information is crucial for subsequent signal analysis and processing, and can help identify factors such as attenuation, reflection and interference during the propagation of the signal. By setting up a local positioning detection transmitter and using a specific frequency and modulation method, the signal's anti-interference ability is enhanced. The local discharge positioning receiver uses signal processing technology to suppress noise and interference, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio and recognition rate.

[0040] Since each monitoring node can perform signal processing and positioning calculations independently, the data of multiple nodes can be processed in parallel to improve data processing efficiency. By optimizing data processing algorithms and parallel computing technology, the positioning response time can be further shortened. Each monitoring node can be connected to the remote monitoring system to achieve remote monitoring and fault diagnosis, which helps to promptly discover and handle abnormal situations in the monitoring network and ensure the normal operation and safety of the system. At the same time, the remote monitoring system can also centrally manage and analyze the data of multiple nodes to provide support for system optimization and improvement.

[0041] The synchronous timing signal of each monitoring node is obtained through GPS or Beidou. Each monitoring node obtains a synchronous timing signal with an error of less than 20ns through GPS / Beidou. Both GPS and Beidou systems can provide high-precision timing services. The time accuracy of the GPS system is within 100ns, while the timing accuracy of the Beidou system can reach 20ns or even higher. This high-precision time synchronization ensures that the time base of each monitoring node is highly consistent when processing the discharge signal, providing a solid foundation for subsequent positioning analysis. Both GPS and Beidou systems have high stability and reliability, and can operate continuously for a long time without significant time drift or interruption, ensuring that the monitoring system can continuously and accurately obtain synchronous timing signals and improve the stability and reliability of the entire system. The GPS system has global coverage capabilities, and the Beidou system is also constantly developing and gradually achieving global coverage. No matter where the monitoring node is located, it can easily obtain synchronous timing signals through GPS or Beidou, without being restricted by geographical location. The monitoring system can choose to use GPS or Beidou system according to actual needs, or use both at the same time to improve redundancy and reliability. With the continuous development of technology, the monitoring system can also flexibly upgrade or replace the timing source to adapt to new needs or changes that may arise in the future. Since both GPS and Beidou systems use satellite timing, the interference of ground equipment on timing signals can be reduced. This helps to ensure the accuracy and reliability of timing signals and improve the overall performance of the monitoring system. Through high-precision synchronous timing signals, the error of the internal clock of each monitoring node can be significantly reduced. This error reduction helps to improve the accuracy of discharge signal positioning and reduce positioning deviations caused by clock errors. High-precision time synchronization helps to improve the data processing efficiency of the monitoring system. Each monitoring node processes the discharge signal under a unified time reference, which can complete data collection, transmission and processing faster, thereby shortening the positioning response time. With the continuous expansion and upgrading of the monitoring system, more monitoring nodes will be added to the system. By obtaining synchronous timing signals through GPS or Beidou, it is easy to access and synchronize new nodes without large-scale transformation or upgrading of the existing system.

[0042] By monitoring the delay and amplitude attenuation of the partial discharge (PD) signal received by the node, the transfer function between nodes can be calculated. The transfer function reflects the relationship between the input signal and the output signal. In partial discharge monitoring, the transfer function helps understand the changes in the signal during the propagation process and locate the fault interval accordingly.

[0043] Time delay refers to the time required for a signal to propagate from one node to another. In power systems, since the speed of signal propagation is affected by the medium properties (such as the dielectric constant of the insulating material) and the distance, the time delay between different nodes will be different. The timestamp of the arrival of the partial discharge signal is recorded at each monitoring node. For any two nodes A and B, the time difference Δt of the signal propagating from A to B is calculated. AB =t B -t A , where t A and t B They are the time when the signal arrives at nodes A and B respectively. Ensure that the timestamps of all monitoring nodes are synchronized, or correct the timestamps through methods such as GPS timing.

[0044] Amplitude attenuation refers to the weakening of signal strength during signal propagation due to medium absorption, scattering, etc. The amplitude of the received partial discharge signal is measured at each monitoring node. For any two nodes A and B, the amplitude attenuation ΔA of the signal propagating from A to B is calculated. AB =A A -A B , where A A and A B are the signal amplitudes received by nodes A and B, but the attenuation ratio is more commonly used Or attenuation decibels .

[0045] The transfer function is usually expressed in complex form, containing amplitude and phase information. In the simplified model of partial discharge monitoring, the focus is on amplitude attenuation and time delay. Without knowing the specific system parameters, it is assumed that the transfer function H(f) is a function of frequency f in the frequency domain, and its performance at a specific frequency (such as the main frequency of the partial discharge signal) is focused on. In the time domain, the transfer function can be approximated by an attenuation factor e -αd (where α is the attenuation coefficient and d is the distance) combined with the time delay Δt; in the frequency domain, it is converted into amplitude attenuation and phase shift. For partial discharge monitoring, the transfer function is simplified to ,in is the amplitude attenuation at frequency f, is the phase shift and ω is the angular frequency.

[0046] By precisely recording the timestamp of signal arrival, the signal propagation time difference between the two monitoring nodes can be accurately calculated. This time difference reflects the speed and path length of the signal propagation in the medium, and is an important basis for locating the fault interval. At the same time, the amplitude attenuation of the signal between the two nodes is measured to further reveal the energy loss of the signal during the propagation process, and to more accurately determine the signal propagation path and attenuation characteristics.

[0047] Different types of partial discharge faults may cause different time differences and amplitude attenuation characteristics of the signal during propagation. By comparing the time difference and amplitude attenuation between different monitoring nodes, different types of discharge faults can be identified, providing a more detailed basis for subsequent maintenance and replacement. By comprehensively considering the two factors of time difference and amplitude attenuation to calculate the transfer function, the propagation characteristics of the signal in the system can be more comprehensively reflected. This multi-dimensional analysis can reduce misjudgment and missed judgment caused by changes in a single factor and improve the robustness and reliability of the system. By analyzing the changes in the transfer function, the response characteristics of different areas in the system to partial discharge signals can be understood, the layout and monitoring strategy of the system can be optimized, and the monitoring nodes can be reasonably arranged to cover key areas to improve the coverage and efficiency of monitoring. By long-term monitoring and recording the changes in the time difference, amplitude attenuation and transfer function of the signal, the operating status and aging trend of the system can be understood, which provides strong data support for the regular maintenance and upgrade of the system, and helps to extend the service life of the system and improve the overall performance. Relying on real-time monitoring and data processing technology, rapid response and positioning of partial discharge faults can be achieved, and effective measures can be taken to intervene and handle the fault at the early stage of the fault to prevent the fault from expanding and causing greater losses.

[0048] Each node sends a pulse sequence at a specific time interval, while other nodes receive these pulse sequences and calculate the transfer function model between them, thereby constructing the topology of the entire system. Specifically, each node has a unique identifier and is able to send and receive pulse sequences at a predetermined time interval. The pulse sequence sent by each node can be a simple binary signal such as a sequence of 0 and 1, or a complex signal with a specific frequency, phase or amplitude. Each monitoring node sends its pulse sequence at a predetermined time interval such as every second, every minute, etc. The sending time should ensure that the pulse sequences of different nodes do not overlap with each other, or even if they overlap, they can be distinguished by some means such as timestamps, frequency differences, etc. Except for the node that is sending the pulse sequence, all other nodes receive the pulse sequences from other nodes. The received signal may contain noise, attenuation and delay. Therefore, the signal needs to be filtered, amplified and synchronized to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the signal.

[0049] The transfer function describes the characteristics of signal transmission from one node to another, including amplitude attenuation, phase shift, and frequency response. This is achieved by comparing the transmitted signal and the received signal, and is calculated using methods such as Fourier transform, correlation analysis, or system identification. Based on the calculated transfer function, a connection matrix is ​​constructed, in which each element represents the strength and characteristics of the connection between two nodes. Using graph theory and network analysis methods, the topology of the system is extracted from the connection matrix by identifying direct connections between nodes, calculating the shortest path, and determining key nodes in the network. Graphical tools are used to visualize the topology of the system to more intuitively understand the relationship between nodes and the structure of the entire system. The accuracy and reliability of the constructed topology are verified through actual tests or simulation experiments. System parameters such as transmission frequency, pulse width, and receiving sensitivity are adjusted according to the verification results to optimize the performance and stability of the system.

[0050] The system topology includes the location of each monitoring node, the connection relationship of each monitoring node, and the propagation path of the pulse sequence signal. The system topology is determined by the signals sent and received by all monitoring nodes, involving parameters such as the communication mode, signal strength, and delay time between monitoring nodes. Specifically, the signal strength received by each node from other nodes is recorded. The signal strength can reflect the physical distance or connection quality between nodes in the wireless system. The time required for the signal to be transmitted from one node to another is measured. The nodes that can communicate directly with each other are determined by checking whether the node successfully receives and responds. According to the connectivity between the nodes, an adjacency matrix is ​​constructed. In this matrix, if node A can communicate directly with node B, the value at the corresponding position is 1, otherwise it is 0. The signal strength data is used to convert the signal strength into a distance to estimate the distance or relative position between the nodes. The relative position between the nodes is inferred by using the distance estimated by the signal strength to construct a topology map, and the layout is optimized using graph processing or clustering algorithms. The delay time data is used to infer the potential paths and bottlenecks in the network by analyzing the delay time matrix or constructing the shortest path tree. The system topology is inferred using statistical models or machine learning algorithms combined with information such as signal strength, delay time, and connectivity. The accuracy of the inferred topology is verified through actual testing or simulation. This includes sending additional test signals, measuring actual distances, or checking network performance. Based on the validation results, the topology inference algorithm or parameters can be adjusted to improve accuracy and reliability.

[0051] The system topology accurately reflects the location of each monitoring node and the connection relationship between them, which is the basis for subsequent signal processing and positioning analysis. By constructing a topology diagram, the propagation path of the signal in the network can be clearly seen, providing intuitive visual support for locating the discharge signal. Since the system topology contains the propagation path of the pulse sequence signal, when analyzing the discharge signal, the propagation process of the signal from the source point to each monitoring node can be more accurately tracked, which helps to identify factors such as attenuation, reflection or interference that the signal may encounter during the propagation process, thereby improving the accuracy of positioning. Through the system topology, it is possible to quickly determine which monitoring nodes may receive the discharge signal, and exclude those nodes that are unlikely to receive the signal, narrowing the positioning range and improving the positioning efficiency. At the same time, using the connection relationship and signal propagation path in the topology, the specific location of the discharge signal can be located more quickly. Regardless of whether the monitoring network is linear, meshed or other complex layouts, the system topology can accurately reflect its structure. This makes this method applicable to various types of monitoring scenarios and improves the flexibility and adaptability of the system.

[0052] When a partial discharge signal is generated, each monitoring node receives the partial discharge signal. The partial discharge signal propagates along the transmission path in the topology system. According to the differences in time delay and amplitude of the signals received by different monitoring nodes, the partial discharge signal is interval-located.

[0053] In power systems, partial discharge (PD) is a common insulation degradation phenomenon that may occur in the insulation layer of cables, transformers, motors and other equipment. PD causes the emission of electromagnetic waves, which can be captured by monitoring nodes and used for fault detection and location. When PD occurs, the transfer function between the various monitoring nodes changes, and these changes can be used to determine the approximate interval where the fault occurs.

[0054] First, multiple monitoring nodes need to be arranged in the power system. These nodes should be able to cover the entire system or key areas and ensure that the signal transmission path between them is clear and discernible. Each node should have the ability to receive and process electromagnetic signals. Partial discharge will generate a series of electromagnetic waves with specific frequency, phase and attenuation characteristics. These signals will be affected by factors such as medium characteristics, distance and interference during propagation, resulting in differences between the received signals and the original signals. When partial discharge occurs, the monitoring nodes near the discharge point will first receive a stronger signal, while the nodes far away from the discharge point will receive a relatively weaker signal. In addition, since the electromagnetic waves generated by the discharge will be affected by attenuation and phase shift during the propagation process, the transfer function between different nodes will change. When the system is operating normally, the transfer function between each monitoring node is recorded as the baseline data. When the system is running, the transfer function data between each node is recorded in real time. The real-time data is compared and analyzed with the baseline data to find out the transfer function that has changed significantly. The time when each monitoring node receives the local discharge signal is recorded, and the time difference when different nodes receive the signal is calculated. The approximate location of the discharge point is estimated based on the signal propagation speed and time difference. A transfer function model is established based on the system structure and medium characteristics. The model parameters are estimated using real-time data to find the model that best matches the actual situation. The interval where the fault occurs is determined based on the changes in the model parameters. Local discharge experiments are carried out in simulated or actual environments to verify the accuracy and reliability of the positioning method. According to the verification results, the monitoring node layout, signal processing algorithm and model parameters are adjusted to improve the positioning accuracy.

[0055] By comparing and analyzing the real-time data with the baseline data, we can accurately identify which transfer functions have changed. This difference analysis helps to exclude normal fluctuations during normal operation of the system and focus on the real fault signal. Combined with the time difference estimation and signal propagation speed, the location of the discharge point can be preliminarily estimated, providing important clues for subsequent precise positioning. Using model parameter estimation, the positioning of the fault interval can be further refined. By finding the model that best matches the actual situation, the system status can be more accurately reflected and the reliability of positioning can be improved. Real-time monitoring and comparative analysis of the changes in transfer functions can timely detect abnormal conditions in the system, provide strong support for fault warning, and help take measures to intervene in the early stage of the fault to prevent the fault from expanding and causing greater losses. By accurately locating the fault interval, the scope of troubleshooting can be narrowed, unnecessary workload and time consumption can be reduced, and the source of the fault can be quickly found, improving the efficiency of troubleshooting and repair. At the same time, combined with the changes in model parameters, the type and severity of the fault can be preliminarily determined, providing a more detailed basis for subsequent maintenance and replacement. Regular fault interval positioning detection of the system can timely detect and repair potential problems to prevent them from having a negative impact on the overall performance and stability of the system. By continuously optimizing the monitoring node layout and monitoring strategy, the monitoring coverage and accuracy of the system can be further improved, providing a strong guarantee for the long-term stable operation of the system. The comparative analysis results of real-time data and baseline data, as well as the results of model parameter estimation, can serve as the basis for data-driven decision-making. This helps to formulate system maintenance plans, optimize system configurations and upgrade strategies more scientifically.

[0056] After the fault interval has been located through the change of the transfer function, the local discharge signal can be located by further combining the transfer function of the fault interval to further improve the accuracy and reliability of the positioning.

[0057] For each monitoring node in the fault interval, the transfer function characteristics are analyzed in detail, including the amplitude-frequency characteristics, phase-frequency characteristics and possible time domain characteristics of the transfer function such as impulse response, which can reflect the attenuation, phase shift and possible waveform distortion of the signal when it propagates in the fault interval; based on the known local discharge signal characteristics and the transfer function characteristics of the fault interval, a mathematical model of the local discharge signal is constructed to describe the propagation and attenuation process of the signal in the fault interval, as well as the interaction between the signal and the monitoring nodes; the real-time monitored signal is matched with the constructed local discharge signal model, and by comparing the waveform, frequency, phase and amplitude characteristics of the signal, the signal that best matches the model is found based on statistical methods, machine learning algorithms or signal processing technology; according to the signal matching results, combined with the monitoring node layout and transfer function characteristics of the fault interval, the specific location of the local discharge signal is determined, and the data of multiple monitoring nodes are comprehensively considered, and data fusion and reasoning are performed.

[0058] By analyzing the transfer function characteristics of the fault interval in detail and constructing a partial discharge signal model, the location of the partial discharge signal can be more accurately located, misjudgment and missed judgment can be reduced, and the accuracy and reliability of positioning can be improved. The partial discharge signal is often submerged in a large amount of background noise and interference signals. By combining the transfer function characteristics and signal matching technology, the partial discharge signal and the interference signal can be better distinguished, and the anti-interference ability of the system can be improved. In a complex system, there may be multiple partial discharge sources. By combining the transfer function of the fault interval and the signal matching technology, the simultaneous detection and positioning of multiple discharge sources can be achieved. According to the positioning results of the partial discharge signal and the analysis of the transfer function characteristics, the layout of the monitoring nodes and the monitoring strategy can be optimized. For example, the density of monitoring nodes can be increased in areas where discharge signals frequently appear to improve the coverage and sensitivity of monitoring. The accurate positioning results of the partial discharge signal can provide a strong basis for subsequent maintenance and replacement work. By understanding the specific location and characteristics of the discharge signal, equipment maintenance and component replacement can be more targeted, reducing unnecessary downtime and maintenance costs.

[0059] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0060] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0061] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture including an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0062] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents, and any modification or equivalent replacement that does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When no partial discharge occurs, the synchronous timing signal of each monitoring node is obtained to perform clock synchronization; Each monitoring node sends a pulse sequence signal in turn at intervals. After receiving the pulse sequence signal, the other monitoring nodes except the monitoring node that sends the pulse sequence use the pulse sequence signal to calculate the transfer function model between each monitoring node and build the system topology structure. When partial discharge occurs, the transfer function between each monitoring node changes accordingly, and the fault interval is located in the system topology according to the change of the transfer function between each monitoring node; The partial discharge signal is located by combining the transfer function of the located fault interval.

2. A positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each monitoring node has a unique identifier, and sends and receives pulse sequences within a predetermined time interval, and filters, amplifies and synchronizes the pulse sequence signals received by other monitoring nodes; each monitoring node is equipped with a pulse sequence signal delay and amplitude recording device; The transfer function model between each monitoring node is calculated by using the pulse sequence signal. Specifically, the transfer function of the pulse sequence signal propagating in the system is obtained by calculating the time delay and amplitude attenuation of the pulse sequence signal, and then the transfer function model between each monitoring node is calculated by combining the system characteristics and the signal type. System characteristics include cable type, media, and temperature, and signal types include electromagnetic and acoustic waves.

3. A positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transfer function of the pulse sequence signal propagating in the system obtained by calculating the time delay and amplitude attenuation of the pulse sequence signal is specifically: The arrival timestamp of the partial discharge signal is recorded at each monitoring node. For any two monitoring nodes, the time difference of the signal propagation between the two monitoring nodes is calculated to obtain the delay of the pulse train signal. The amplitude of the received partial discharge signal is measured at each monitoring node. For any two monitoring nodes, the amplitude attenuation of the signal propagating between the two monitoring nodes is calculated to obtain the amplitude attenuation of the pulse train signal. The transfer function is calculated by combining the time delay of the pulse sequence signal propagating between the two monitoring nodes and the amplitude attenuation of the pulse sequence signal propagating between the two monitoring nodes.

4. The positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The constructing of the system topology structure comprises: constructing a connection matrix according to the calculated transfer functions between the monitoring nodes, wherein each element represents the connection strength and characteristics between two nodes, and extracting the system topology structure from the connection matrix; The system topology includes the location of each monitoring node, the connection relationship between each monitoring node and the pulse sequence signal propagation path.

5. The positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The fault interval positioning in the system topology structure according to the change of the transfer function between each monitoring node is specifically as follows: When the system is operating normally, the transfer function between each monitoring node is recorded as the baseline data. When the system is running, the real-time data of the transfer function between each monitoring node is recorded, and the real-time data is compared and analyzed with the baseline data to determine the changed transfer function; Record the time when each monitoring node receives the local discharge signal, calculate the time difference between different monitoring nodes receiving the signal, and estimate the location of the discharge point based on the signal propagation speed and time difference; The model parameters of the transfer function model are estimated using real-time data to find the model that best matches the actual situation. The changed transfer function and the estimated discharge point location are combined to determine the fault occurrence interval based on the changes in the model parameters.

6. The positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The synchronous timing signals of the monitoring nodes are obtained through GPS or BeiDou.

7. The positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Each monitoring node is equipped with a local positioning detection transmitter and a partial discharge positioning receiver.

8. A positioning system for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing, characterized in that: include: The synchronous timing module is used to obtain the synchronous timing signals of each monitoring node for clock synchronization when no partial discharge occurs; Construct a system topology module, which is used for each monitoring node to send a pulse sequence in turn at intervals. After the other monitoring nodes except the monitoring node that sends the pulse sequence receive the pulse sequence signal, the pulse sequence signal is used to calculate the transfer function model between each monitoring node and construct the system topology structure; The fault interval locating module is used to locate the fault interval in the system topology structure according to the change of the transfer function between each monitoring node when partial discharge occurs; The local discharge signal locating module is used to locate the local discharge signal in combination with the transfer function of the located fault interval.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements a positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 when executing the computer program.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein the computer program, when executed by a processor, implements a positioning method for actively monitoring discharge signals with synchronous timing as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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