Three-dimensional digital analog hybrid beamforming array and MIMO transceiver system architecture

Abstract

The application discloses a three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array and a MIMO transceiving system architecture. The three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array comprises, along a signal transmitting direction, a third-level subarray with a digital full-connection architecture, a second-level subarray with an analog subarray connection architecture and a first-level subarray with an analog full-connection architecture in sequence; along a signal receiving direction, the three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array comprises, in sequence, the first-level subarray with the analog full-connection architecture, the second-level subarray with the analog subarray connection architecture and the third-level subarray with the digital full-connection architecture. The application combines the advantages of a traditional full-connection hybrid beamforming architecture and a subarray connection beamforming architecture, realizes a large-scale three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array, simultaneously generates multiple beams, and has the advantages of high system beamforming performance and low circuit design and baseband signal processing complexity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array and MIMO transceiver system architecture consisting of analog full connectivity, analog subarray connectivity, and digital full connectivity. Background Technology

[0002] Beamforming technology is a crucial technique in millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems and has been widely applied in fields such as wireless communication. With the development of communication technology, there are increasing demands for high communication rates, large system capacity, and multi-user data transmission in communication systems.

[0003] Currently, beamforming architectures are mainly divided into analog beamforming, digital beamforming, and hybrid beamforming. Analog beamforming architecture uses analog phase shifters and variable gain amplifiers to control the amplitude and phase of signals in the RF link. In analog beamforming, multiple RF links are connected to only one baseband channel, offering a simple system integration method, but it can only generate one beam and cannot simultaneously transmit multiple data streams, resulting in low system capacity. Digital beamforming architecture uses multiple independent baseband channels to modulate the amplitude and phase of digital signals, enabling the simultaneous generation of multiple beams and theoretically achieving optimal system capacity. However, when applied to large-scale arrays, digital beamforming requires a large number of baseband channels, significantly increasing baseband hardware costs and signal processing complexity.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, a hybrid beamforming architecture has been proposed, combining the advantages of analog and digital beamforming. This significantly reduces system power consumption and complexity while maintaining beamforming accuracy and flexibility. Currently, hybrid beamforming architectures include fully connected architectures and subarray-partially connected architectures. In the fully connected architecture, each baseband channel is connected to the antenna after passing through an RF link, offering high degrees of freedom and the ability to generate multiple beams simultaneously, theoretically possessing the potential to achieve optimal system capacity. However, its large number of RF channels increases circuit complexity with array size, making large-scale fully connected phased array integration difficult. In the subarray-partially connected architecture, each baseband channel is connected to an analog beamforming subarray, combining high performance and low complexity, and capable of generating multiple beams simultaneously. However, the number of beams is limited by the number of subarrays, and the beam direction is limited by the subarray pattern, restricting beamforming flexibility. Therefore, a compromise between the fully connected and subarray-partially connected architectures is urgently needed, enabling devices to achieve both low circuit complexity and high-degree-of-freedom beamforming. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technologies and provide a three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array and MIMO transceiver system architecture, which combines analog full-connectivity, analog subarray connectivity, and digital full-connectivity. This invention can realize a large-scale three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array, simultaneously generating multiple beams and enabling the simultaneous transmission of Q×M independent signals. It offers advantages such as high system beamforming performance and low circuit design and baseband signal processing complexity.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array, comprising P×Q first-level subarrays with an analog fully connected architecture, Q second-level subarrays with an analog subarray connection architecture, and a third-level subarray with a digital fully connected architecture.

[0007] Along the signal transmission direction, the analog fully connected-analog subarray connected-digital fully connected three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array sequentially includes a third-level subarray, a second-level subarray, and a first-level subarray; along the signal reception direction, the analog fully connected-analog subarray connected-digital fully connected three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array sequentially includes a first-level subarray, a second-level subarray, and a third-level subarray.

[0008] Each first-stage subarray includes an analog fully connected phased array, which has M input ports and N output ports; each second-stage subarray consists of P first-stage subarrays connected to a digital transceiver module via M first power distribution networks, the digital transceiver module having M input / output ports, and Q second-stage subarrays having Q×M input / output ports; the third-stage subarray consists of Q second-stage subarrays connected to M basebands via ports, each baseband having Q baseband channels, and M basebands having Q×M baseband channels.

[0009] In each second-level subarray, each first-level subarray is connected to a first power distribution network, and each first power distribution network is connected to a digital transceiver module to form a second-level subarray, thus forming Q second-level subarrays.

[0010] Among them, the Q×M input / output ports of the Q second-level subarrays are respectively connected to the Q×M baseband channels of the M basebands.

[0011] Each of the simulated fully connected phased arrays receives M independent signals from M input ports during signal transmission. Each of these M independent signals undergoes N equal-amplitude and in-phase power distribution through a second power distribution network, generating a total of M×N output signals that are then processed through M×N amplitude and phase modulation channels. The i-th input signal generates N power distribution signals S. ijThe signals are divided into N groups S by M×N amplitude phase modulation channels. iN Then, a third power distribution network is input for power combining, and N signals are output. Each of the N signals contains M independent signals, which are amplified and then output to N output ports respectively.

[0012] When receiving signals, the signals are received by N output ports. Each of the N signals input to the N output ports is amplified and then divided into M equal-amplitude and in-phase signals by a third power distribution network, generating M×N signals which are then processed through M×N amplitude and phase modulation channels. Among them, the j-th input signal generates M power distribution signals S. ij The signals are divided into M groups S by entering the M×N amplitude phase modulation channels respectively. Mj Then, a second power distribution network is input for power combining to generate M output signals.

[0013] The analog fully connected phased array includes an amplitude and phase control channel with high isolation between channels. The amplitude and phase control channel is arranged between the second power distribution network and the third power distribution network. It includes an amplitude control module and a phase control module that are interconnected. The amplitude control module is connected to the second power distribution network, and the phase control module is connected to the third power distribution network. The amplitude control module and the phase control module are independently controlled and operate in a time-division bidirectional manner. Amplitude and phase control during transmission and reception are achieved by switching. Only unidirectional signal transmission for transmission / reception is supported at any given time.

[0014] The third power distribution network is connected to a power amplifier module with a switching function. The amplifier module includes a power amplifier and a low-noise amplifier with opposite signal amplification directions, as well as two switches for switching signal amplification channels, thereby realizing the switching control of the signal receiving / transmitting amplification channels.

[0015] In the second-stage subarray, each of the M output signals from the digital transceiver module is input to a first power distribution network for P-channel equal-amplitude and in-phase power distribution, generating P×M output signals which are output to P first-stage subarrays; wherein the i-th first power distribution network generates M power distribution signals S ij The generated P×M channel signals are divided into P groups of signals S iP Then, P first-stage subarrays are input, generating P×N output signals.

[0016] The digital transceiver module has M transceiver channels, and each transceiver channel includes an amplifier, a frequency converter, and a digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter module. The amplifier, frequency converter, and digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter module are used to receive and transmit in a time-division multiplexing manner.

[0017] Along the signal transmission direction, the digital transceiver module includes a digital-to-analog converter, an up-converter, and an amplifier connected in sequence; along the signal reception direction, the digital transceiver module includes an amplifier, a down-converter, and an analog-to-digital converter connected in sequence.

[0018] In the third-level subarray, the j-th second-level subarray outputs the i-th signal S. ij After generating Q×M channels of signals, they are divided into M groups of signals S. Mj Then it is input to the Q baseband channel of the Mth baseband.

[0019] A second aspect of the present invention provides a MIMO transceiver system architecture, including the aforementioned three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array.

[0020] The three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array provided by this invention adopts a three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array architecture of analog full connection - analog subarray connection - digital full connection. It reduces the circuit complexity of the traditional fully connected hybrid beamforming array architecture and improves the beamforming performance of the traditional subarray connection hybrid beamforming array architecture. It is a hybrid beamforming array that can realize large-scale, low-complexity, and high-performance applications. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming architecture provided in the embodiment of the present invention, which consists of analog full connection, analog subarray connection, and digital full connection.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first-level subarray in the three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming architecture provided in the embodiment of the present invention, which consists of analog fully connected, analog subarray connected, and digital fully connected layers.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second-level subarray in the three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming architecture provided in this embodiment of the invention, which consists of analog fully connected - analog subarray connected - digital fully connected layers. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown, the three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming architecture of the present invention, which includes an analog fully connected architecture, an analog subarray connected architecture, and a digital fully connected architecture, comprises a first-level subarray with an analog fully connected architecture, a second-level subarray with an analog subarray connected architecture, and a third-level subarray with a digital fully connected architecture.

[0026] Along the signal transmission direction, the three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array, consisting of an analog fully connected layer, an analog subarray connected layer, and a digital fully connected layer, sequentially includes a third-level subarray 13 with a digital fully connected architecture, a second-level subarray with an analog subarray connected architecture, and a first-level subarray with an analog fully connected architecture; along the signal reception direction, the three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array, consisting of an analog fully connected layer, an analog subarray connected layer, and a digital fully connected layer, sequentially includes a first-level subarray with an analog fully connected architecture, a second-level subarray with an analog subarray connected architecture, and a third-level subarray 13 with a digital fully connected architecture.

[0027] The first-level subarray with analog fully connected architecture includes an analog fully connected phased array; the second-level subarray with analog subarray connection architecture is formed by combining the first-level subarray through a first power distribution network and connecting it to the respective digital transceiver modules; the third-level subarray 13 with digital fully connected architecture is formed by connecting the output ports of the second-level subarray to the ports of the baseband channel in a certain way; the output port of each first-level subarray formed by the analog fully connected phased array contains M independent output signals.

[0028] Specifically, each first-level subarray includes an analog fully connected phased array, which has M input ports and N output ports; each second-level subarray consists of P first-level subarrays connected to a digital transceiver module through M first power distribution networks, the digital transceiver module having M input / output ports, and Q second-level subarrays having Q×M input / output ports; the third-level subarray consists of Q second-level subarrays connected to M basebands through ports, each baseband having Q baseband channels, and M basebands having Q×M baseband channels, thereby enabling the simultaneous transmission of Q×M independent signals.

[0029] The second-level subarray includes a first second-level subarray 10, a second second-level subarray 11, and a Qth second-level subarray 12. Each second-level subarray includes P first-level subarrays. Specifically, the first second-level subarray 10 includes a first second-level subarray 1, a first second-level subarray 2, and a first second-level subarray 3; the second second-level subarray 11 includes a second second-level subarray 4, a second second-level subarray 5, and a second second-level subarray 6; and the Qth second-level subarray 12 includes a Qth second-level subarray 7, a Qth second-level subarray 8, and a Qth second-level subarray 9.

[0030] In each second-level subarray, each first-level subarray is connected to a first power distribution network, and each first power distribution network is connected to a digital transceiver module to form a second-level subarray, thus forming Q second-level subarrays.

[0031] Correspondingly, the first power distribution network, such as Figure 1 As shown, in the first second-level subarray 10, the first power distribution network includes a first second-level subarray first power distribution network 14, a first second-level subarray second power distribution network 15, a first second-level subarray third power distribution network 16, and a first second-level subarray P-th power distribution network 17; in the second second-level subarray 11, the first power distribution network includes a second second-level subarray first power distribution network 18, a second second-level subarray second power distribution network 19, a second second-level subarray third power distribution network 20, and a second second-level subarray P-th power distribution network 21; in the Q-th second-level subarray 12, the first power distribution network includes a Q-th second-level subarray first power distribution network 22, a Q-th second-level subarray second power distribution network 23, a Q-th second-level subarray third power distribution network 24, and a Q-th second-level subarray P-th power distribution network 25.

[0032] The digital transceiver module includes a first digital transceiver module 26, a second digital transceiver module 27, and a Qth digital transceiver module 28. The baseband includes a first baseband 29, a second baseband 30, a third baseband 30, and an Mth baseband 32.

[0033] like Figure 1As shown, the third-level subarray 13 with a fully connected digital architecture includes Q second-level subarrays 10-12 and M basebands 29-32. Each second-level subarray has M ports, for a total of Q×M ports; each baseband has Q channels, for a total of Q×M baseband channels. For the i-th signal of the j-th second-level subarray, i = 1, 2, ..., M, j = 1, 2, ..., Q, the Q×M signals are divided into M groups: S 1j S 2j S Mj j = 1, 2, ..., Q, and each group of signals is connected to all channels of the Mth baseband.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, each of the analog fully connected phased arrays 1-9 in the first-level subarrays with an analog fully connected architecture constituting an embodiment of the present invention includes M input ports and N output ports; the analog fully connected phased array includes an amplitude and phase control channel with high isolation between channels, the amplitude and phase control channel is arranged between the second power distribution network and the third power distribution network, and includes an amplitude control module and a phase control module connected to each other, the amplitude control module is connected to the second power distribution network, the phase control module is connected to the third power distribution network, the amplitude control module and the phase control module are independently controlled and work bidirectionally in a time-division multiplexing manner, and the amplitude and phase control during transmission and reception are realized by switching, and only unidirectional signal transmission of transmission / reception is supported at the same time.

[0035] Specifically, there are multiple second power distribution networks and multiple third power distribution networks. For example, the second power distribution network includes a first second power distribution network 33, a second second power distribution network 34, a third second power distribution network 35, and a fourth second power distribution network 36, etc., and the third power distribution network includes a first third power distribution network 67, a second third power distribution network 70, a third third power distribution network 71, and a fourth third power distribution network 72, etc.

[0036] In this configuration, one input / output channel corresponds to one third power distribution network, and one second power distribution network corresponds to multiple third power distribution networks for power distribution. The amplitude and phase control channel is arranged between the second and third power distribution networks. The number of ports of the third power distribution network is consistent with the number of amplitude and phase control channels. Each amplitude and phase control channel is connected to one second power distribution network. Specifically, each amplitude and phase control channel consists of one amplitude control module and one phase control module. The amplitude control modules include a first amplitude control module 37, a second amplitude control module 38, a third amplitude control module 39, a fourth amplitude control module 40, a fifth amplitude control module 41, a sixth amplitude control module 42, a seventh amplitude control module 43, an eighth amplitude control module 44, a ninth amplitude control module 45, a tenth amplitude control module 46, an eleventh amplitude control module 47, a twelfth amplitude control module 48, a thirteenth amplitude control module 49, a fourteenth amplitude control module 50, a fifteenth amplitude control module 51, and a sixteenth amplitude control module 52.

[0037] The phase control module includes a first phase control module 53, a second phase control module 54, a third phase control module 55, a fourth phase control module 56, a fifth phase control module 57, a sixth phase control module 58, a seventh phase control module 59, an eighth phase control module 60, a ninth phase control module 61, a tenth phase control module 62, an eleventh phase control module 63, a twelfth phase control module 64, a thirteenth phase control module 65, a fourteenth phase control module 66, a fifteenth phase control module 67, and a sixteenth phase control module 68.

[0038] The third power distribution network is connected to an amplifier module with a switching function. The amplifier module includes a power amplifier and a low-noise amplifier with opposite signal amplification directions, as well as two switches for switching signal amplification channels, thereby realizing the switching control of the signal receiving / transmitting amplification channels.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the power amplifiers of the amplifier module include a first power amplifier 73, a second power amplifier 75, a third power amplifier 77, a fourth power amplifier 79, a first low-noise amplifier 74, a second low-noise amplifier 76, a third low-noise amplifier 78, and a fourth low-noise amplifier 80.

[0040] like Figure 2As shown, each of the analog fully connected phased arrays in the first-level subarrays 1-9 of the embodiment of the present invention, having an analog fully connected architecture, receives M independent signals from M input ports during signal transmission. Each of the M signals undergoes N equal-amplitude and in-phase power distribution through a second power distribution network, generating a total of M×N output signals. These output signals then pass through the amplitude control module and phase control module in the M×N amplitude and phase control channels, respectively. For the i-th input signal, i = 1, 2, ..., M, the generated N power-distributed signals are S... ij , i = 1, 2,…, M, j = 1,2,…, N, where the M×N stripe phase control channels are divided into N groups: S i1 S i2 S iN i = 1, 2, ..., M, each group of signals is input into a third power distribution network for power combining, and each of the N output signals contains M independent signals, which are amplified by a power amplifier switched by a switch, and then output to N ports respectively.

[0041] When receiving signals, the signals are received by N output ports, switched to low-noise amplifiers for amplification, and each of the N signals is divided into M equal-amplitude and in-phase signals through a third power distribution network, generating a total of M×N signals, which are then passed through M×N amplitude and phase control channels; where, for the j-th input signal, j = 1, 2, ..., N, the generated M power-distributed signals are S ij , i = 1, 2,…, M, j = 1, 2,…, N, where the M×N stripe phase control channels are divided into M groups: S 1j S 2j S Mj For each group of signals, j = 1, 2, ..., N, a second power distribution network is input to combine the signals, ultimately producing M output signals.

[0042] In the second-level subarray with analog subarray connection architecture of this embodiment, each second-level subarray includes P first-level subarrays, a first power distribution network, and a digital transceiver module. Each digital transceiver module has M output ports, generating M output signals. Each signal is input to a first power distribution network for P equal-amplitude and in-phase power distribution, ultimately generating P×M output signals connected to the P first-level subarrays. Specifically, for the j-th output signal S of the i-th first power distribution network... ij , i = 1, 2,…, M; j = 1, 2,…, P, P×M input signals are divided into P groups: S i1 S i2 SiP j = 1, 2, ..., P, each group of signals is input into P first-level subarrays, and finally P×N output signals are generated.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the first second-level subarray of an embodiment of the present invention is shown to illustrate the structure of each second-level subarray of the present invention, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the first second-level subarray 10 includes a first second-level subarray, a first first-level subarray 1, a first second-level subarray, a second first-level subarray 2, and a first second-level subarray, a Pth first-level subarray 3. The first power distribution network includes a first second-level subarray, a first first power distribution network 14, a first second-level subarray, a second first power distribution network 15, a first second-level subarray, a third first power distribution network 16, and a first second-level subarray, a Pth first power distribution network 17. It also includes a first digital transceiver module 26.

[0044] In this embodiment, each digital transceiver module has M transceiver channels, and each transceiver channel includes an amplifier, a frequency converter, and a digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter module, and the above modules are used to receive and transmit in a time-sharing manner; wherein, along the signal transmission direction, the digital transceiver module includes a digital-to-analog converter, a frequency converter, and an amplifier connected in sequence; along the signal reception direction, the digital transceiver module includes an amplifier, a frequency converter, and an analog-to-digital converter connected in sequence.

[0045] Specifically, the amplifier includes a first amplifier 81, a second amplifier 82, a third amplifier 83, and a fourth amplifier 84; the frequency converter includes a first frequency converter 85, a second frequency converter 86, a third frequency converter 87, and a fourth frequency converter 88; and the digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital conversion module includes a first digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital conversion module 89, a second digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital conversion module 90, a third digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital conversion module 91, and a fourth digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital conversion module 92, each corresponding to M different ports.

[0046] In this embodiment, the three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming architecture of analog full connection - analog subarray connection - digital full connection can double the number of baseband channels and second-level subarrays, and connect to the two polarization ports of the dual-polarized antenna to realize dual-polarized signal transmission and reception.

[0047] A second aspect of this invention provides a MIMO transceiver system architecture, including the aforementioned three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array. The three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming architecture, consisting of analog full-connectivity, analog subarray connectivity, and digital full-connectivity, connects to the two polarization ports of a dual-polarized antenna, enabling dual-polarized signal transmission and reception. This doubles the number of baseband channels and the second-level subarray, allowing for the simultaneous transmission of Q×M independent signals.

[0048] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention.

[0049] Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims be included within the invention.

[0050] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array, characterized in that, It includes P×Q first-level subarrays with an analog fully connected architecture, Q second-level subarrays with an analog subarray connection architecture, and a third-level subarray with a digital fully connected architecture; Along the signal transmission direction, the analog fully connected-analog subarray connected-digital fully connected three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array sequentially includes a third-level subarray, a second-level subarray, and a first-level subarray; along the signal reception direction, the analog fully connected-analog subarray connected-digital fully connected three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array sequentially includes a first-level subarray, a second-level subarray, and a third-level subarray. Each first-stage subarray includes an analog fully connected phased array, which has M input ports and N output ports; each second-stage subarray consists of P first-stage subarrays connected to a digital transceiver module via M first power distribution networks, the digital transceiver module having M input / output ports, and Q second-stage subarrays having Q×M input / output ports; the third-stage subarray consists of Q second-stage subarrays connected to M basebands via ports, each baseband having Q baseband channels, and M basebands having Q×M baseband channels; In each second-level subarray, each first-level subarray is connected to a first power distribution network, and each first power distribution network is connected to a digital transceiver module to form a second-level subarray, forming Q second-level subarrays; The Q×M input / output ports of the Q second-level subarrays are respectively connected to the Q×M baseband channels of the M baseband arrays.

2. The three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned analog fully connected phased arrays receives M independent signals from M input ports during signal transmission. Each of these M independent signals undergoes N equal-amplitude and in-phase power distribution through a second power distribution network, generating a total of M×N output signals which are then processed through M×N amplitude and phase modulation channels. The i-th input signal generates N power distribution signals S. ij The signals are divided into N groups S by M×N amplitude phase modulation channels. iN Then, a third power distribution network is input for power combining, and N signals are output. Each of the N signals contains M independent signals, which are amplified and then output to N output ports respectively. When receiving signals, the signals are received by N output ports. Each of the N signals input to the N output ports is amplified and then passed through a third power distribution network for M equal-amplitude and in-phase power distribution, generating M×N signals which are then processed through M×N amplitude and phase modulation channels. The j-th input signal generates M power distribution signals S. ij The signals are divided into M groups S by entering the M×N amplitude phase modulation channels respectively. Mj Then, a second power distribution network is input for power combining to generate M output signals.

3. The three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array according to claim 2, characterized in that, The simulated fully connected phased array includes an amplitude and phase control channel with high isolation between channels. The amplitude and phase control channel is arranged between the second power distribution network and the third power distribution network. It includes an amplitude control module and a phase control module that are interconnected. The amplitude control module is connected to the second power distribution network, and the phase control module is connected to the third power distribution network. The amplitude control module and the phase control module are independently controlled and operate in a time-division bidirectional manner. Amplitude and phase control during transmission and reception are achieved by switching. Only unidirectional signal transmission for transmission / reception is supported at any given time.

4. The three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The third power distribution network is connected to an amplifier module with a switching function. The amplifier module includes a power amplifier and a low-noise amplifier with opposite signal amplification directions, as well as two switches for switching signal amplification channels, thereby realizing the switching control of the signal receiving / transmitting amplification channels.

5. The three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the second-stage subarray, each of the M output signals from the digital transceiver module is input to a first power distribution network for P-channel equal-amplitude and in-phase power distribution, generating P×M output signals which are output to P first-stage subarrays; wherein, the i-th first power distribution network generates M power distribution signals S ij The generated P×M channel signals are divided into P groups of signals S iP Then, P first-stage subarrays are input, generating P×N output signals.

6. The three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array according to claim 5, characterized in that, The digital transceiver module has M transceiver channels, and each transceiver channel includes an amplifier, a frequency converter, and a digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter module. The amplifier, frequency converter, and digital-to-analog / analog-to-digital converter module realize time-division multiplexing of receiving and transmitting. Along the signal transmission direction, the digital transceiver module includes a digital-to-analog converter, an up-converter, and an amplifier connected in sequence; along the signal reception direction, the digital transceiver module includes an amplifier, a down-converter, and an analog-to-digital converter connected in sequence.

7. The three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the third-level subarray, the j-th second-level subarray outputs the i-th signal S. ij After generating Q×M channels of signals, they are divided into M groups of signals S. Mj Then it is input to the Q baseband channel of the Mth baseband.

8. A MIMO transceiver system architecture, characterized in that, Includes the three-layer digital-analog hybrid beamforming array as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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