Technology for repairing degenerated wetland of small-leaf badge based on plant life cycle

Abstract

The invention relates to a degenerated wetland restoration technology based on a plant life cycle, and belongs to the technical field of degenerated wetland restoration of the degenerated wetland of the degenerated wetland of the degenerated wetland. According to the method, humic acid with different concentrations is applied in the seedling establishment stage, the flowering and fruiting stage and the rhizome bud differentiation stage of the small-leaf chapter, and water supplementing measures are combined to promote growth, seed maturation and bud differentiation of the small-leaf chapter. The method has the beneficial effects that 1, the ecological compatibility is good, humic acid is accurately applied and water is supplemented according to the life cycle characteristics of the small-leaf badge and the wetland degradation degree, and excessive intervention is avoided; 2, the cost is low: agricultural wastes are fully utilized to prepare humic acid, so that the raw material cost is reduced, and the remediation cost is also reduced; and 3, resource utilization: efficient utilization of agricultural wastes is realized, and environmental pollution is reduced. And 4, the restoration effect is good: the growth, reproduction and population expansion capabilities of the small-leaf badge are remarkably improved, and the restoration of a wetland ecological system is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a restoration technology for degraded Calamagrostis angustifolia wetlands based on the plant life cycle, belonging to the technical field of restoration of degraded Calamagrostis angustifolia wetlands. Background Art

[0002] Wetlands are one of the most important ecosystems on Earth, with irreplaceable ecological functions and service values. They can not only regulate the climate, conserve water sources, purify water quality, maintain biodiversity, but also provide humans with key resources such as food, raw materials, and carbon sinks, and are an important barrier for ecological security.

[0003] As a typical herbaceous swamp wetland in Northeast China, the Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland plays an irreplaceable role in maintaining regional ecological balance, regulating the hydrological cycle, protecting the habitats of rare species (such as red-crowned cranes and oriental white storks), and carbon sequestration and emission reduction. At present, the Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland also faces severe challenges: the vegetation coverage has decreased significantly (the coverage in some areas is less than 30%), the community structure has become single, the loss of soil organic matter has accelerated, and the biodiversity has decreased sharply.

[0004] To address the problem of wetland degradation, scholars at home and abroad have developed a variety of restoration technologies, mainly including the following categories: First, by regulating water levels, restoring hydrological connectivity and other measures to restore the wetland hydrological rhythm and create a suitable habitat for the restoration of wetland vegetation; second, by adding organic matter, improving soil structure and other measures to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increase soil fertility, and promote plant growth; third, by artificial replanting or seed sowing and other measures to restore the wetland vegetation community and improve the stability of the wetland ecosystem. However, the existing restoration technologies for degraded wetlands still have many deficiencies: First, the existing technologies mostly focus on a single dimension (such as only restoring hydrology or soil), lacking the coordinated regulation of the "hydrology-soil-vegetation" system, making it difficult to comprehensively improve the wetland ecological environment and the restoration effect is limited; second, some restoration technologies require a large amount of manpower, material and financial resources and are difficult to be widely promoted in large areas of degraded wetlands; third, there is a lack of targeted restoration methods for different wetland vegetation types and degradation degrees. Especially for the Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland, which is the most representative wetland type in Northeast China, there is still a lack of restoration technologies with strong pertinence, low cost, simple operation and environmental protection. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, and further provide a restoration technology for degraded Calamagrostis angustifolia wetlands based on the plant life cycle.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A restoration technology for degraded Calamagrostis angustifolia wetlands based on the plant life cycle, the steps are as follows:

[0008] (1) Diagnosis of wetland degradation degree

[0009] The coverage index of the dominant species in the Deyeuxia angustata community is used to measure the wetland degradation degree:

[0010] ① Slight degradation: The coverage of Deyeuxia angustata is 50%-70%.

[0011] ② Moderate degradation: The coverage of Deyeuxia angustata is 30%-50%.

[0012] ③ Severe degradation: The coverage of Deyeuxia angustata is 10%-30%.

[0013] (2) Humic acid application technology based on the life cycle of Deyeuxia angustata

[0014] Returning green period: Apply low-concentration humic acid (0.1%-0.3%) to promote the root development and leaf growth of Deyeuxia angustata and enhance its photosynthesis ability.

[0015] Flowering and fruiting period: Apply medium-concentration humic acid (0.3%-0.5%) to improve the seed maturity and seed setting rate and enhance the reproductive ability.

[0016] Rhizome bud differentiation period: Apply high-concentration humic acid (0.5%-0.8%) to promote the rhizome bud differentiation and increase the number, and enhance the population expansion ability.

[0017] (3) Water replenishment measures

[0018] Carry out staged and quantitative water replenishment according to the wetland degradation degree and the three key life periods of Deyeuxia angustata growth (returning green period, flowering and fruiting period, and rhizome bud differentiation period):

[0019] Slight degradation: Recharge water once per stage, and the recharge volume per time is 10-15 L / m².

[0020] Moderate degradation: Recharge water twice per stage, and the recharge volume per time is 15-20 L / m².

[0021] Severe degradation: Recharge water three times per stage, and the recharge volume per time is 20-25 L / m².

[0022] (4) Humic acid preparation process

[0023] ① Raw material source: Use agricultural wastes (such as straw, rice husk, livestock and poultry manure, etc.) as raw materials, which are widely sourced and low-cost.

[0024] Preparation process: Convert agricultural wastes into highly active humic acid through microbial fermentation and high-temperature composting processes.

[0025] Specific steps include:

[0026] Raw material pretreatment: crush agricultural waste and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio.

[0027] ② Microbial fermentation: Inoculate high-efficiency humification agents (the agents can be selected from but not limited to the enzyme bacteria produced in Haicheng, Liaoning, the quick-rot agent produced in Beijing, and the biochemical humic acid produced in Fujian, or a mixture of several agents, the agents usually include Bacillus circulans, Bacillus subtilis, high-temperature yeast and lactic acid bacteria, etc., the strain density is 0.5-1.5×10 9 / g), and fermented for 15-30 days).

[0028] ③ High temperature composting: compost at 50-60℃ for 10-15 days to promote the production of humic acid. Weigh the required amount of pig manure, corn stalks and fermentation agent, mix the raw materials evenly, and pile them into a conical pile with a height of 1000mm and a bottom diameter of 1000mm; to increase the oxygen supply during the composting process, use a wooden stick (or shovel handle) to make a row of ventilation holes with a diameter of 50mm and an interval of 300mm on the side of the fermentation pile. The size of the material pile can be reduced in proportion to the site conditions, but the height and bottom diameter should not be less than 500mm.

[0029] ④ Extraction and purification: Extract humic acid by water extraction or alkali extraction, and concentrate and dry it. The optimal extraction process conditions of humic acid: solid-liquid ratio of 1:7-8 in the alkali extraction step, alkali concentration of 6%-8%, extraction time of 2-2.5 hours, extraction temperature of 70-80℃, pH of acid precipitation step of 2.5-3.5. After the acid precipitation, centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 0.5 hours, discard the supernatant, transfer the precipitate to a plate, dry it naturally or dry it in a dryer at 60-70℃ for 24 hours. Or use natural sedimentation, let it stand for 20-24 hours, remove the supernatant by siphoning, and dry it naturally when the solution volume is about 10% of the original solution volume.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] 1. Good ecological compatibility: The present invention accurately applies humic acid and water according to the characteristics of the life cycle of the small-leaved seal and the degree of wetland degradation, avoiding excessive intervention.

[0032] 2. Low cost: It makes full use of agricultural waste to prepare humic acid, which reduces the cost of raw materials and also reduces the cost of restoration.

[0033] 3. Resource utilization: realize efficient utilization of agricultural waste and reduce environmental pollution.

[0034] 4. Good restoration effect: It significantly improved the growth, reproduction and population expansion capabilities of the small-leaved seal and promoted the recovery of the wetland ecosystem. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will further elaborate on the present invention: This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation manners are given. However, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0036] Example 1: Diagnosis of wetland degradation degree and formulation of restoration plan

[0037] ① Investigate the coverage of the Deyeuxia angustifolia community to determine the wetland degradation degree (mild, moderate or severe);

[0038] ② Formulate a humic acid application and water replenishment plan according to the degradation degree.

[0039] Example 2: Preparation of humic acid

[0040] ① Collect agricultural wastes (such as straws, rice husks), crush them and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio to 25:1;

[0041] ② Inoculate with a humification inoculant and ferment at 30 °C for 20 days;

[0042] ③ Compost the fermentation product at 55 °C for 12 days;

[0043] ④ Extract humic acid by the alkali extraction method and obtain the finished humic acid product after concentration.

[0044] Example 3: Application of humic acid and water replenishment

[0045] (1) Slightly degraded wetland:

[0046] Returning green period: Spray a 0.2% humic acid solution on the roots of Deyeuxia angustifolia plants, apply 2 liters per square meter; then replenish water once, with the water replenishment amount being 10 liters per square meter.

[0047] Flowering and fruiting period: Spray a 0.4% humic acid solution on the leaves of the plants, apply 3 liters per square meter; then replenish water once, with the water replenishment amount being 10 liters per square meter.

[0048] Rhizome bud differentiation period: Spray a 0.6% humic acid solution on the roots of the plants, apply 4 liters per square meter; then replenish water once, with the water replenishment amount being 10 liters per square meter.

[0049] (2) Moderately degraded wetland:

[0050] Returning green period: Spray a 0.2% humic acid solution on the roots of Deyeuxia angustifolia plants, apply 2 liters per square meter; then replenish water twice, with each water replenishment amount being 15 liters per square meter.

[0051] Flowering and fruiting period: Spray a 0.4% humic acid solution on the leaves of the plants, apply 3 liters per square meter; then replenish water twice, with each water replenishment amount being 15 liters per square meter.

[0052] Rhizome bud differentiation stage: Spray a humic acid solution with a concentration of 0.6% on the roots of the plants, applying 4 liters per square meter; then replenish water 2 times, with the water replenishment amount being 15 liters per square meter each time.

[0053] (3) Severely degraded wetland:

[0054] Greening stage: Spray a humic acid solution with a concentration of 0.2% on the roots of the Calamagrostis angustifolia plants, applying 2 liters per square meter; then replenish water 3 times, with the water replenishment amount being 20 liters per square meter each time.

[0055] Flowering and fruiting stage: Spray a humic acid solution with a concentration of 0.4% on the leaves of the plants, applying 3 liters per square meter; then replenish water 3 times, with the water replenishment amount being 20 liters per square meter each time.

[0056] Rhizome bud differentiation stage: Spray a humic acid solution with a concentration of 0.6% on the roots of the plants, applying 4 liters per square meter; then replenish water 3 times, with the water replenishment amount being 20 liters per square meter each time.

[0057] Example 4, Dynamic monitoring and adaptive restoration

[0058] Monitoring indicators: During the greening stage, flowering and fruiting stage, and rhizome bud differentiation stage of Calamagrostis angustifolia, monitor the wetland soil moisture (using a soil moisture sensor), the coverage of Calamagrostis angustifolia (aerial photography analysis by drone), and the humic acid residue (chemical titration method) in real time.

[0059] Dynamic adjustment: If the soil moisture during the greening stage is lower than 40%, increase the water replenishment amount to 15 liters per square meter; if the humic acid residue is lower than 0.1%, supplement and spray a humic acid solution with a concentration of 0.2% at 1 liter per square meter.

[0060] If the seed maturity during the flowering and fruiting stage is lower than 60%, increase the humic acid concentration to 0.5% and increase the water replenishment amount to 20 liters per square meter.

[0061] If the number of rhizome buds differentiated is lower than 30% of the expected value, increase the humic acid concentration to 0.8% and increase the water replenishment amount to 25 liters per square meter.

[0062] Effect verification: Through dynamic adjustment, the coverage of Calamagrostis angustifolia in the severely degraded wetland increased from 20% to 55% within one year.

[0063] Example 5, Comparison of humic acid preparation from different agricultural waste raw materials

[0064] Raw material grouping:

[0065] Group 1: Using corn straw as the main raw material (carbon-nitrogen ratio 25:1).

[0066] Group 2: Using a mixed raw material of rice husk and livestock manure (carbon-nitrogen ratio 30:1).

[0067] Group 3: Using pure livestock and poultry manure as raw material (C / N ratio 20:1).

[0068] Preparation process: The raw materials of each group are fermented, composted and extracted according to the process of Example 2.

[0069] Application effect:

[0070] The humic acid in Group 1 has the best effect on promoting root growth (root length increased by 35%).

[0071] The humic acid in Group 2 has the most significant effect on improving seed maturity (seed setting rate increased by 20%).

[0072] The humic acid in Group 3 has the highest number of bud differentiations in severely degraded wetlands (increased by 50%).

[0073] Example 6, Application of composite restoration technology (humic acid + hydrological regulation)

[0074] Hydrological regulation: Dig ecological ditches around the severely degraded wetland and stabilize the water level at a depth of 10 - 15 cm.

[0075] Synergy between humic acid and water replenishment:

[0076] Returning green period: Spraying humic acid solution with a concentration of 0.3% (prepared from corn straw raw material) + water replenishment 3 times (25 L / m²).

[0077] Flowering and fruiting period: Spraying humic acid solution with a concentration of 0.5% (prepared from the mixed raw material of rice husk and livestock and poultry manure) + water replenishment 3 times (25 L / m²).

[0078] Rhizome bud differentiation period: Spraying humic acid solution with a concentration of 0.8% (prepared from pure livestock and poultry manure as raw material) + water replenishment 3 times (25 L / m²).

[0079] Restoration effect: The coverage of Calamagrostis angustifolia in the wetland recovered from 15% to 65% within two years, and the soil organic matter content increased by 1.3 times.

[0080] Example 7, Evaluation of long-term restoration effect

[0081] Restoration cycle: Continuously implemented for 3 years, and humic acid application and water replenishment were carried out according to the plan of Example 3 every year.

[0082] Monitoring data:

[0083] The first year: The coverage increased from 30% (moderately degraded) to 50%.

[0084] The second year: The seed maturity reached 85%, and the number of bud differentiations increased by 70%.

[0085] The third year: The wetland ecosystem stability index (S) reaches 0.85 (close to the level of a healthy wetland).

[0086] Conclusion: The restoration technology of the present invention is sustainable, and it takes 3 - 5 years for the functions of the degraded wetland to be fully restored.

[0087] As mentioned above, only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention are described. These specific embodiments are different implementation manners based on the overall concept of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A restoration technology for degraded wetlands of Semen Armeniaca based on the plant life cycle, characterized in that: Here are the steps: Step 1: Diagnosis of wetland degradation The coverage index of the dominant species of the Calamagrostis angustifolia community was used to measure the degree of wetland degradation: ① Mild degeneration: the coverage of small leaf seal is 50%-70%; ② Moderate degeneration: the coverage of leaflets is 30%-50%; ③ Severe degeneration: the coverage of small leaf seal is 10%-30%; Step 2: Humic acid application technology based on the life cycle of Sesamum indica Greening period: Apply low concentration of humic acid to promote the root development and leaf growth of small-leaved seal and enhance its photosynthesis capacity; Flowering and fruiting period: Apply medium concentration of humic acid to improve seed maturity and fruiting rate, and enhance reproductive capacity; Root, stem and bud differentiation period: Apply high concentration of humic acid to promote the differentiation and increase of root, stem and bud numbers, and enhance the population expansion capacity; Step 3: Water replenishment measures Watering should be carried out in batches and quantities according to the degree of wetland degradation and the three key life stages of the small-leaf seal, namely the greening period, flowering and fruiting period, and rhizome and bud differentiation period: Mild degradation: Refill water once at each stage, with each replenishment volume of 10-15 liters / square meter; Moderate degradation: Refill water twice in each stage, with each replenishment volume of 15-20 liters / square meter; Severe degradation: Refill water 3 times in each stage, with each replenishment volume of 20-25 liters / square meter; The preparation process of humic acid in step 2: Source of raw materials: using straw, rice husk and / or livestock and poultry manure from agricultural waste as raw materials; Preparation process: Agricultural waste is converted into highly active humic acid through microbial fermentation and high-temperature composting process; the specific steps are: ① Raw material pretreatment: crush agricultural waste and adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio; ② Microbial fermentation: inoculate humic bacteria and ferment for 15-30 days; ③ High temperature composting: composting at 50-60℃ for 10-15 days to promote the production of humic acid; ④Extraction and purification: Humic acid is extracted by water extraction or alkali extraction, and then concentrated and dried.

2. The restoration technology of the degraded wetland of Sesamum indica based on the plant life cycle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The concentration of low concentration humic acid is 0.1%-0.3%.

3. The restoration technology of the degraded wetland of Sesamum indica based on the plant life cycle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The concentration of medium concentration humic acid is 0.3%-0.5%.

4. The restoration technology of the degraded wetland of Sesamum indica based on the plant life cycle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The concentration of high concentration humic acid is 0.5%-0.8%.

5. The restoration technology of the degraded wetland of Sesamum indica based on the plant life cycle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The concentration of low concentration humic acid is 0.2%.

6. The restoration technology of the degraded wetland of Sesamum indica based on the plant life cycle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The concentration of medium concentration humic acid is 0.4%.

7. The restoration technology of the degraded wetland of Sesamum indica based on the plant life cycle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The concentration of high concentration humic acid is 0.6%.

8. The restoration technology of the degraded wetland of Sesamum indica based on the plant life cycle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Preparation process of humic acid ① In the raw material pretreatment, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of corn straw as the main raw material is 25:

1.

9. The restoration technology of the degraded wetland of Sesamum indica based on the plant life cycle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Preparation process of humic acid ① In the raw material pretreatment, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed raw material of rice husk and livestock and poultry manure is 30:

1.

10. The restoration technology of the degraded wetland of Sesamum indica based on the plant life cycle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Preparation process of humic acid ① In the raw material pretreatment, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of pure livestock and poultry manure as raw material is 20:1.