A synergistic method for accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloration

Abstract

The application provides a synergistic regulation method for accelerating grape maturity and uniform coloration, comprising the following steps: a) constructing a root zone heating system: including a double-layer pipeline network structure and a partitioned control module, using a partitioned control mode, connecting the pipeline network with a water storage pool, and circulating and delivering heated water to the grape root zone through the pipeline network; the pipeline network is arranged alternately in a water inlet-outlet mode, connected to a large main pipeline, and forms a closed loop with the water storage pool; the water temperature is maintained at a constant temperature through water storage pool cooling and cold water supplement; b) applying a temperature-sensitive synergistic plant growth regulator: the regulator comprises 50-100 mg / L of abscisic acid, 200-300 mg / L of ethylene, 0.05-0.1 mg / L of brassinolide, 50 mg / L of methyl jasmonate loaded with nano-SiO2, and a temperature-sensitive slow-release carrier; c) controlling the heating power and the release of the regulator through a soil temperature sensor linkage, triggering the targeted release of the regulator when the root zone temperature is greater than or equal to 28 DEG C, and simultaneously adjusting the water temperature fluctuation to be less than or equal to ±1 DEG C.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dry gas sealing technology, specifically to a synergistic control method for accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring. Background Technology

[0002] Grape ripening and coloring are complex physiological processes involving anthocyanin synthesis, sugar accumulation, and hormonal regulation. In traditional cultivation, insufficient temperature often leads to delayed color change, sugar-acid imbalance, and uneven coloring, severely impacting commercial value. Existing technologies primarily address this problem through the following approaches:

[0003] Regarding environmental regulation:

[0004] Greenhouse heating: Although glass greenhouses can raise the air temperature, the soil has high thermal inertia, and the root temperature rise is delayed, resulting in asynchronous carbon assimilation and root absorption in plants. During the fruit enlargement period, calcium and magnesium deficiency symptoms are likely to occur.

[0005] Electric heating wire floor heating: Existing technologies have publicly proposed resistance heating methods with energy consumption as high as 35-45 kW·h / acre, and significant temperature gradients (temperature difference between the surface and 20cm depth > 5℃), making it difficult to achieve precise root zone temperature control.

[0006] In terms of chemical regulation:

[0007] Single hormone treatment: such as ethephon spraying can promote color change, but it is easy to cause threshing (shelting rate >15%) and decrease in sugar content; while abscisic acid (ABA) alone needs to be used in conjunction with strong light, and its effect is reduced by more than 40% in cloudy and rainy weather.

[0008] Defects of compound formulations: Existing technologies use ABA + ethephon compound, but have not solved the problem of low drug penetration at low temperatures, and lack a synergistic triggering mechanism with temperature factors.

[0009] Therefore, we propose a synergistic regulation method to accelerate grape ripening and promote uniform coloring. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a synergistic control method for accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0012] A synergistic regulation method for accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring includes the following steps:

[0013] a) Constructing a root zone heating system: including a double-layer pipe network structure and zoned control modules. The zoned control method is adopted, and the pipe network is connected to the water storage tank. The heated water is circulated to the grape root zone through the pipe network. The pipe network is arranged in an alternating inlet-outlet pattern, connected to a large main pipe and forming a closed loop with the water storage tank. The water temperature is maintained at a constant temperature through cooling in the water storage tank and replenishment with cold water.

[0014] b) Application of thermosensitive synergistic plant growth regulator: The regulator contains abscisic acid 50-100 mg / L, ethephon 200-300 mg / L, brassinolide 0.05-0.1 mg / L, methyl jasmonate supported on nano-SiO2 50 mg / L, and a thermosensitive sustained-release carrier.

[0015] c) The heating power and regulator release are controlled in conjunction with the soil temperature sensor. When the root zone temperature is ≥28℃, the regulator is triggered to release in a targeted manner, while the water temperature fluctuation is adjusted to ≤±1℃.

[0016] Preferably, the thermosensitive sustained-release carrier is a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and chitosan composite hydrogel with a mass ratio of 3:1, a phase transition temperature of 28-32°C, an outer coating of an ethyl cellulose membrane with a thickness of 45 to 55 μm, and a calcium stearate pore maker.

[0017] Preferably, the processing technology of the regulator includes:

[0018] 1) MeJA nanocapsules were prepared using a two-stage homogenization process, with a first-stage pressure of 40 MPa and a second-stage pressure of 80 MPa.

[0019] 2) Abscisic acid, ethephon, and brassinolide were loaded onto PNIPAM / chitosan hydrogel, and after adsorption at 50°C for 8 hours, the gel was rapidly cooled to 4°C to lock in the drugs.

[0020] 3) Ethyl cellulose coating is applied in three stages via fluidized bed spraying;

[0021] 4) Freeze-dry to form a product with a moisture content of ≤5% and a porosity of 70-75%.

[0022] Preferably, the root zone heating system includes:

[0023] 1) Dual-layer pipe network structure: shallow pipe network and deep pipe network;

[0024] 2) Zoned control module: Each zone is a 5m×5m independent temperature control unit, equipped with a solenoid valve and a circulating pump.

[0025] Preferably, the root zone heating system and the temperature-sensitive synergistic plant growth regulator work together to accelerate grape ripening. The synergistic regulation includes a dynamic strategy for the growth period: 1) Budding stage: Maintain root temperature at 18-20℃ and drip irrigate with 5mg / LBR solution (20L / acre).

[0026] 2) Color-changing period: During the day, pulse heating to 25℃ simultaneously releases CEPA and ABA;

[0027] 3) Maturation stage: Gradually cool down to 18℃ and spray the leaves with 0.1μMmeJA solution.

[0028] Preferably, the application of the regulator includes:

[0029] 1) Soil application: Mix the granular conditioner into the drip irrigation solution;

[0030] 2) Foliar spraying: Drones spray a suspension containing 50 mg / LABA and 0.01% nano zinc;

[0031] 3) Temperature linkage: When the soil sensor detects a local temperature difference > 3℃, the amount of regulator released will be automatically increased.

[0032] Preferably, emergency control mechanisms are also included:

[0033] 1) When the root temperature is >32℃ for 30 minutes, start the deep well water cooling circuit (water temperature 12℃) and spray 1mmol / L salicylic acid;

[0034] 2) When the root temperature is <10℃, the heating power is increased to 50℃ and an additional 0.1mg / L BR solution is added.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] This invention provides a synergistic regulation method for accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring. It utilizes the synergistic application of a thermosensitive synergistic plant growth regulator and a root zone heating system. Through the linkage control of a double-layer root zone heating system (temperature difference ≤1℃) and a thermosensitive slow-release carrier, precise drug release triggered at 28℃ is achieved, which shortens the grape color-changing period, increases sugar content, and achieves uniform coloring.

[0037] This invention relates to an emergency control mechanism designed around the root zone heating system to respond to abnormal high or low temperatures and make timely temperature control adjustments. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] This invention provides a synergistic regulation method for accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring, comprising the following steps:

[0040] a) Constructing a root zone heating system: including a double-layer pipe network structure and zoned control modules. The system adopts a zoned control approach, using the pipe network to connect with the water storage tank, and circulating heated water to the grape root zone through the pipe network.

[0041] The double-layer pipe network structure includes a shallow pipe network (buried 15cm, PE-RT pipes, serpentine arrangement with a spacing of 40cm) and a deep pipe network (buried 30cm, PE-RT pipes, parallel arrangement with a spacing of 60cm). The pipe network of each layer is arranged in an alternating inlet-outlet pattern, connecting to the large main pipe and forming a closed loop with the water storage tank. The water temperature is maintained at a constant temperature through cooling in the water storage tank and replenishment with cold water.

[0042] Among them, the zoned control module: each zone is a 5m×5m independent temperature control unit, equipped with a solenoid valve (pressure resistant 1.6MPa) and a circulating pump (flow rate 0.5m³ / h).

[0043] b) Apply a temperature-sensitive synergistic plant growth regulator: This regulator contains active ingredients and a temperature-sensitive slow-release carrier;

[0044] The active ingredients include:

[0045] Abscisic acid (ABA): 50-100 mg / L, used to induce the expression of sugar metabolism genes and increase the sugar content of fruits;

[0046] Ethephon (CEPA): 200-300 mg / L, activates anthocyanin synthase and promotes uniform coloring;

[0047] Brassinolide (BR): 0.05-0.1 mg / L, enhances vascular bundle transport efficiency and optimizes photosynthetic product distribution;

[0048] Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) microcapsules (nano SiO2 loaded): 50 mg / L, enhances fruit ripening signal transduction;

[0049] The thermosensitive sustained-release carrier is:

[0050] Thermosensitive sustained-release layer: poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and chitosan composite hydrogel (mass ratio 3:1), phase transition temperature is 28-32℃, release is triggered when root zone temperature is ≥28℃;

[0051] Outer protective film: Ethyl cellulose coating (50 μm thick), containing calcium stearate as a pore-forming agent to prevent premature loss of active ingredients.

[0052] c) The heating power and regulator release are controlled in conjunction with the soil temperature sensor. When the root zone temperature is ≥28℃, the regulator is triggered to release in a targeted manner, while the water temperature fluctuation is adjusted to ≤±1℃.

[0053] d) It also includes emergency response mechanisms:

[0054] 1) When the root temperature is >32℃ for 30 minutes, start the deep well water cooling circuit (water temperature 12℃) and spray 1mmol / L salicylic acid;

[0055] 2) When the root temperature is <10℃, the heating power is increased to 50℃ and an additional 0.1mg / L BR solution is added.

[0056] It should be further explained that the preparation process of the temperature-sensitive synergistic plant growth regulator of the present invention includes:

[0057] I. Preparation of Carrier Materials

[0058] Thermosensitive hydrogel synthesis:

[0059] N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer and chitosan (degree of deacetylation ≥90%) were mixed at a mass ratio of 3:1 and dissolved in deionized water (solid content 15%). N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA, 0.5% of monomer mass) and ammonium persulfate (APS, 1% of monomer mass) were added as crosslinking agent and initiator, respectively.

[0060] Under nitrogen protection, the mixture was reacted at 60°C for 6 hours to form a transparent gel, which was then pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0061] II. Nanoemulsion and Microcapsule Preparation

[0062] 1. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) nanocapsules

[0063] Oil phase preparation: Dissolve MeJA and Span-80 emulsifier (mass ratio 1:0.2) in n-hexane to form a 5% oil phase solution.

[0064] Aqueous phase preparation: Nano-SiO2 dispersion (particle size 30nm, concentration 2%) was mixed with Tween-80 (0.5%).

[0065] High-pressure homogenization: A two-stage homogenization process is adopted: the first stage pressure is 40MPa, the second stage pressure is 80MPa, and the cycle is repeated 3 times; the temperature is controlled at ≤25℃ to prevent MeJA volatilization.

[0066] Curing and molding: Add 0.1% CaCl2 solution to solidify the microcapsule wall, centrifuge (8000 rpm, 10 min) to collect the product, and vacuum dry (40℃, 6 h).

[0067] 2. Active ingredient loading

[0068] Impregnation and adsorption: Mix ABA, CEPA and BR in a ratio of 1:4:0.002 by mass and dissolve in pH 6.0 phosphate buffer.

[0069] Thermosensitive hydrogel particles were immersed in a solution and adsorbed for 8 hours by shaking at 50°C (frequency 200 rpm), with the drug loading controlled at 15-18%.

[0070] Rapid cooling to 4°C causes the hydrogel to shrink and lock in the drug.

[0071] III. Coating and Granulation Process

[0072] 1. Preparation of coating solution:

[0073] Ethyl cellulose (EC) was dissolved in ethanol (8% concentration), and calcium stearate (0.5%) was added as a porogen.

[0074] 2. Coating process:

[0075] The drug-loaded hydrogel particles were placed in a fluidized bed and sprayed in three stages:

[0076] ① Bottom layer coating (5% weight gain)

[0077] ② Functional coating (containing glycine betaine, 8% weight gain)

[0078] ③Outer protective film (weight gain 3%)

[0079] 3. Drying conditions: Fluidized dry at 40℃ until the moisture content is ≤3%.

[0080] IV. Freeze-drying and Post-processing

[0081] Pre-freezing treatment

[0082] 1. Spread the coated granules evenly on a freeze-drying tray (thickness ≤ 2cm), quick-freeze to -40℃ (cooling rate 5℃ / min), and keep for 4 hours.

[0083] 2. Vacuum freeze drying

[0084] Cold trap temperature -55℃, vacuum degree 10Pa

[0085] Sublimation stage: Maintain at -35℃ for 12 hours

[0086] Drying: Maintain at 25℃ for 8 hours

[0087] The final product has a water content of ≤5% and a porosity of 70-75%.

[0088] 3. Surface finishing

[0089] Spray with a 0.5% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK30) ethanol solution to form a moisture-proof protective layer.

[0090] Dry with hot air at 45℃ for 30 minutes to enhance the mechanical strength of the particles.

[0091] The core of this invention is the synergistic application of a thermosensitive synergistic plant growth regulator and a root zone heating system. By combining the thermal effect of the root zone heating system, a plant growth regulator with dual regulatory functions is designed. Its core objectives are: the thermosensitive synergistic plant growth regulator promotes sugar accumulation and anthocyanin synthesis in synergy with root heating by exogenously supplementing ABA (abscisic acid) and ethylene precursors; it utilizes a thermosensitive carrier (such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) / chitosan complex) to trigger targeted release in high-temperature regions, compensating for the effects of uneven temperature distribution; and it promotes the transport of photosynthetic products to the fruit by adding brassinolide (BR) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) supported on nano-silica.

[0092] The core of this invention is a method that utilizes the synergistic application of a temperature-sensitive synergistic plant growth regulator and a root zone heating system, including:

[0093] 1. Dynamic regulation during the reproductive period

[0094] Germination stage (root temperature 18-20℃):

[0095] Regulator application: Soil irrigation with 5 mg / L BR solution (20 L / mu) to activate the ABA signaling pathway and promote germination uniformity 812;

[0096] Heating strategy: Maintain stable root temperature and avoid temperature fluctuations that inhibit sprouting.

[0097] Color change period (daytime root temperature 25℃ pulse heating):

[0098] Regulator application: Inject granular regulator (200g / acre) through the drip irrigation system. The temperature-sensitive carrier releases CEPA and ABA when heated.

[0099] Synergistic mechanism: High temperature triggers the release of ethephon, which, combined with pulse heating, accelerates the accumulation of pigments in the fruit peel.

[0100] 2. Precision application technology

[0101] Soil application: Mix the regulator granules into the drip irrigation fertilizer solution and deliver it with the heated water flow (flow rate 0.5L / min) to ensure uniform distribution of the agent;

[0102] Temperature-linked control: When the soil sensor detects a local temperature >28℃, the regulator release system is automatically triggered to compensate for the temperature control blind spot.

[0103] Before the experiment, a large-scale industrial air source heat pump was purchased, and a water storage tank was built to add and cool the water in the air source heat pump. The water is recyclable. The heated water from the air source heat pump is transported to the vineyard in the greenhouse through PE-RT pipes of varying sizes. Small PE-RT pipes, embedded in the soil, are first distributed in a deep network, installed parallel to each other at 60cm intervals, 30cm above the soil surface, alternating between water inlet and outlet. Then, a shallow network is distributed, installed in a serpentine pattern at 40cm intervals, 15cm above the soil surface, also alternating between water inlet and outlet. The small PE-RT pipes connect to large PE-RT pipes, which in turn connect to the water storage tank. When the water temperature is too high, hot water is released for cooling, while cold water is added to the air source heat pump to maintain a consistent temperature. The synergistic control method of this invention was applied to the "Queen Nina" grape variety for experimentation, with participants divided into a heating group and a control group.

[0104] Example 1: Verification of the application effect of a synergistic regulation method for accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring

[0105] 1. Experimental Design and Methods

[0106] Test material: "Queen Nina" grape variety (5-year-old, greenhouse cultivation, plant spacing 1.5m × 2m)

[0107] Treatment group: Root zone heating system (double-layer pipe network) + temperature-sensitive synergistic regulator (ABA 80mg / L + CEPA 250mg / L + BR 0.08mg / L + MeJA microcapsules 50mg / L)

[0108] Control group: Conventional cultivation (natural temperature, no growth regulators applied)

[0109] Management conditions: Both groups were managed with the same water and fertilizer. The root zone temperature of the treatment group was dynamically controlled by a sensor (25°C pulse heating during the day and 18°C ​​at night during the color change period).

[0110] 2. Experimental Results

[0111] Both groups flowered on March 23rd. The grape bunches in the heated group were more uniform than those in the control group. During the young fruit stage, the grapes in the heated group had larger diameters and weights than the control group. On May 19th, while the control group was in the swelling stage, the grapes in the heated group had already begun to change color, and their diameters and weights were higher than those in the control group. On June 27th, when the heated group was fully ripe, the control group was in the color-changing stage, and at this point, the grapes in the heated group had significantly larger diameters and weights than those in the control group. Detailed observation and testing data are shown in Table 1.

[0112] Through experiments, it was found that

[0113] The treatment group matured 20 days earlier than the control group (6.27 vs 7.17) and had an 18% higher sugar content (22.5°Brix vs 19.1°Brix).

[0114] The treatment group achieved a 95% uniformity in ear coloring (compared to only 65% ​​in the control group) and a 35% increase in anthocyanin content.

[0115] During the experiment, the temperature reached 32℃ once. Cooling with deep well water and spraying with salicylic acid successfully prevented heat damage (fruit drop rate <3%).

[0116] Example 2: Comparison Experiment of Different Modifier Ratios

[0117] 1. Experimental Grouping

[0118] Treatment 1: ABA 50 mg / L + CEPA 200 mg / L (low concentration)

[0119] Treatment 2: ABA 100mg / L + CEPA 300mg / L (high concentration)

[0120] Treatment 3: The ratio from Example 1 (ABA 80mg / L + CEPA 250mg / L + BR + MeJA)

[0121] 2. Results Analysis

[0122] Further experiments were conducted on grape cultivation using different concentrations of growth regulators. The experimental data, after observation and testing, are shown in Table 2.

[0123] Proportion Color conversion rate Sweetness (°Brix) Fruit cracking rate Treatment 1 (low concentration) Slower (7 days) 20.1 2% Treatment 2 (High Concentration) Fast (3 days) 21.8 8%↑ Process 3 (Optimization) Moderate (5 days) 22.5 1%↓ Table 2

[0124] Example 1 shows that the formulation achieves the best balance between color conversion efficiency and safety.

[0125] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0126] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A synergistic regulation method for accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: a) Constructing a root zone heating system: including a double-layer pipe network structure and zoned control modules. The zoned control method is adopted, and the pipe network is connected to the water storage tank. The heated water is circulated to the grape root zone through the pipe network. The pipe network is arranged in an alternating inlet-outlet pattern, connected to a large main pipe and forming a closed loop with the water storage tank. The water temperature is maintained at a constant temperature through cooling in the water storage tank and replenishment with cold water. b) Application of thermosensitive synergistic plant growth regulator: The regulator contains abscisic acid 50-100 mg / L, ethephon 200-300 mg / L, brassinolide 0.05-0.1 mg / L, methyl jasmonate supported on nano-SiO2 50 mg / L, and a thermosensitive sustained-release carrier. c) The heating power and regulator release are controlled in conjunction with the soil temperature sensor. When the root zone temperature is ≥28℃, the regulator is triggered to release in a targeted manner, while the water temperature fluctuation is adjusted to ≤±1℃.

2. The method for synergistic regulation of accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermosensitive sustained-release carrier is a composite hydrogel of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and chitosan in a mass ratio of 3:1, with a phase transition temperature of 28-32°C. The outer layer is coated with an ethyl cellulose membrane with a thickness of 45 to 55 μm and a calcium stearate pore maker.

3. The method for synergistic regulation of accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing technology of the regulator includes: 1) MeJA nanocapsules were prepared using a two-stage homogenization process, with a first-stage pressure of 40 MPa and a second-stage pressure of 80 MPa. 2) Abscisic acid, ethephon, and brassinolide were loaded onto PNIPAM / chitosan hydrogel, and after adsorption at 50°C for 8 hours, the gel was rapidly cooled to 4°C to lock in the drugs. 3) Ethyl cellulose coating is applied in three stages via fluidized bed spraying; 4) Freeze-dry to form a product with a moisture content of ≤5% and a porosity of 70-75%.

4. The method for synergistic regulation of accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The root zone heating system includes: 1) Dual-layer pipe network structure: shallow pipe network and deep pipe network; 2) Zoned control module: Each zone is a 5m×5m independent temperature control unit, equipped with a solenoid valve and a circulating pump.

5. The method for synergistic regulation of accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The root zone heating system and the temperature-sensitive synergistic plant growth regulator work together to accelerate grape ripening. The synergistic regulation includes a dynamic strategy for the growth period: 1) Budding stage: Maintain root temperature at 18-20℃ and drip irrigation with 5mg / LBR solution. 2) Color-changing period: During the day, pulse heating to 25℃ simultaneously releases CEPA and ABA; 3) Maturation stage: Gradually cool down to 18℃ and spray the leaves with 0.1μMmeJA solution.

6. The method for synergistic regulation of accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application of the regulator includes: 1) Soil application: Mix the granular conditioner into the drip irrigation solution; 2) Foliar spraying: Drones spray a suspension containing 50 mg / LABA and 0.01% nano zinc; 3) Temperature linkage: When the soil sensor detects a local temperature difference > 3℃, the amount of regulator released will be automatically increased.

7. The method for synergistic regulation of accelerating grape ripening and uniform coloring according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes emergency response mechanisms: 1) When the root temperature is >32℃ for 30 minutes, start the deep well water cooling circuit and spray 1mmol / L salicylic acid; 2) When the root temperature is <10℃, the heating power is increased to 50℃ and an additional 0.1mg / L BR solution is added.