A planting method for effectively relieving ginseng continuous cropping obstacles

Abstract

This invention provides an effective planting method to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata, relating to the field of agricultural planting technology. The invention involves first pre-treating the soil with a composite substrate, and then applying microbial inoculants during planting. This ensures the normal growth of Gastrodia elata under forest cover in a semi-wild environment, inhibits the harm caused by continuous cropping obstacles, reduces the occurrence of Gastrodia elata diseases, and guarantees the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata. Generally, after planting Gastrodia elata, the land needs to be left fallow for four to five years before it can be planted again on the same plot. Using the method of this invention, the yield of Gastrodia elata planted on land that has been fallow for one year can be increased by 181.42% to 236.28%, while the yield is only reduced by 14.41% to 28.37% compared to the first planting. This invention can effectively alleviate the problem of limited forest land resources caused by continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata and promote the large-scale development of the semi-wild cultivation industry of Gastrodia elata under forest cover.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically to a planting method that effectively alleviates the obstacle of continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata. Background Technology

[0002] Gastrodia elata Bl., a plant belonging to the genus Gastrodia in the Orchidaceae family, is a traditional and precious Chinese medicinal herb used to treat headaches, dizziness, infantile convulsions, hemiplegia, epilepsy, spasms, tetanus, and other ailments. Currently, Gastrodia elata is mainly cultivated under forest cover in a semi-wild environment. It thrives at altitudes of 800-2200m, with air humidity of 70%-80%, an average annual temperature of 10-25℃, loose, well-drained, organic-rich, slightly acidic to neutral soil, and a canopy density of 0.6-0.7 under broad-leaved or shrubbery. Furthermore, Gastrodia elata is a heterotrophic plant, rootless and leafless, relying entirely on a symbiotic relationship with Armillaria mellea for nutrients. It requires a relatively large amount of substrate and has high requirements for the tree species used, primarily broad-leaved trees such as oak, chestnut, birch, and sweetgum. Camphor, pine, and cypress are not suitable. Therefore, suitable forest land for Gastrodia elata cultivation is limited.

[0003] Long-term continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata can lead to the accumulation of pathogens in the soil, causing microbial imbalance, accumulation of autotoxins, decreased activity of Armillaria mellea, and excessive consumption of humus and specific trace elements required by Armillaria mellea. This results in tuber rot, reduced yield, and even crop failure. Therefore, continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata is not recommended. Generally, land should be left fallow for four to five years after planting before planting Gastrodia elata again. This forces farmers to frequently change forest land, resulting in low forest land utilization and high economic costs. Therefore, soil improvement to alleviate the problems caused by continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata is an urgent issue that needs to be addressed in the Gastrodia elata industry.

[0004] In recent years, research has been conducted on the continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata, but most studies focus on the diversity of rhizosphere soil microbiota, with few reports on soil remediation and improvement methods. Application No. 2023104379533 describes planting corn on a bed of Armillaria mellea in the Gastrodia elata planting area, harvesting the corn, and then replanting Gastrodia elata. This method yields higher levels of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol compared to traditional methods, but the terrain described in this patent is more suitable for slightly flatter land. Corn is not suitable for planting under forest cover, which differs significantly from the forest cover planting method described in this patent. Application No. 2018111881665 mainly provides a method for cultivating Armillaria mellea material for Gastrodia elata planting, using hillside land, not forest cover or continuous cropping soil. Furthermore, this method uses soil that has been fallow for one year after planting Gastrodia elata under forest cover. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, the present invention proposes a planting method that effectively alleviates the continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata, which can ensure the normal growth of Gastrodia elata under forest-simulated wild conditions, inhibit the harm of continuous cropping obstacles to Gastrodia elata, reduce the occurrence of Gastrodia elata diseases, and ensure the yield and quality of Gastrodia elata.

[0006] The present invention is specifically implemented using the following technical solutions:

[0007] An effective cultivation method for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Soil pretreatment:

[0009] Till the planting soil and remove the old fungal material; then spread the composite substrate on the soil and mix it evenly; divide the evenly mixed soil into two parts, one part is spread flat at the bottom of the hole, and the other part is used to cover the planted Gastrodia elata.

[0010] (2) Spread mushroom material:

[0011] After leveling the soil in the composite substrate, place the cultured Armillaria mellea mycelium in the holes at 3-4 cm intervals, compacting the mycelium to avoid leaving gaps between it and the bottom of the holes.

[0012] (3) Application of microbial agents:

[0013] A microbial inoculant is prepared by mixing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and sand in a mass ratio of 0.8–1.5:1–2:0.8–1.5:15–25, and then evenly spreading the microbial inoculant around the Armillaria mellea mycelium.

[0014] (4) Planting:

[0015] Place the Gastrodia elata seed close to the Armillaria mellea mycelium, with the apical bud facing upwards, sprinkle semi-dry fern powder on top, ensuring that the Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea mycelium are not visible, then evenly cover the fern with the soil mixed in step (1), with a thickness of 2-4 cm, and finally fill it with ordinary soil to make it level with the ground; finally cover it with a layer of leaves for shade, with a thickness of 3-5 cm.

[0016] (5) Harvesting.

[0017] Preferably, the composite matrix in step (1) is a mixture of at least two of the following: corn stalk charcoal and marigold powder, moringa leaf powder, garlic powder, and matrine powder.

[0018] More preferably, the composite matrix in step (1) is made by mixing corn straw charcoal with marigold powder, moringa leaf powder, garlic powder and matrine powder in a mass ratio of 10-20:10-20:0.6-1.2:0.4-1:0.3-0.6.

[0019] Preferably, in step (1), 80-200g of the composite substrate is applied to each square meter of soil.

[0020] Preferably, the Armillaria mellea mycelium material in step (2) is prepared by placing Armillaria mellea around the wood and culturing it for 4-6 months to allow the Armillaria mellea to infect the wood; the Armillaria mellea mycelium material is 10-15cm long and 50-70cm in diameter.

[0021] Preferably, in step (3), the number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores is about 110 spores / g, the effective viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is 1 billion / g, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 20 billion / g.

[0022] Preferably, the microbial agent is administered at a concentration of 20–50 g / m³. 2 Apply the appropriate amount by sprinkling.

[0023] Preferably, the seed hemp is a first-generation seed hemp that is undamaged and free from pests and diseases, and the weight of the seed hemp is 10-20g.

[0024] Preferably, the leaves in step (4) are pine needles or ferns.

[0025] Preferably, the harvesting time is from October of the current year to March of the following year.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] This invention proposes an effective planting method to alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata. Conventional Gastrodia elata planting methods require a four- to five-year fallow period after one year of planting before replanting. Using the method of this invention, planting Gastrodia elata after one year of fallow increases yield by 181.42%–236.28% compared to planting under untreated soil conditions, while only decreasing yield by 14.41%–28.37% compared to the first planting. This invention can effectively alleviate the problem of continuous cropping obstacles for Gastrodia elata and promote the large-scale development of the semi-wild cultivation industry under forest cover. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the examples.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] (1) Soil pretreatment: Select soil that has been fallow for one year after planting Gastrodia elata, turn it over and discard the old fungal material, and spread a composite substrate composed of corn straw charcoal and marigold powder in a mass ratio of 10:10. Spread 100g per square meter and mix it with the soil. Divide the mixed soil into two parts, spread one part flat at the bottom of the hole, and use the other part to cover the soil after placing the Gastrodia elata seeds.

[0031] (2) Laying fungal substrate: After leveling the soil that has been sprinkled into the composite substrate, place the pre-cultured Armillaria mellea fungal substrate (10cm long and 60cm in diameter) in the hole at intervals of 3-4cm.

[0032] (3) Application of microbial inoculants: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (spore count approximately 110 / g), Trichoderma harzianum (effective viable count 1 billion / g), Bacillus subtilis (effective viable count 20 billion / g), and sand in a ratio of 1:1:1:20 to form a microbial inoculant, and apply at a rate of 20g / m³. 2 Apply the microbial inoculant around the Armillaria mellea substrate.

[0033] (4) Select high-quality first-generation Gastrodia elata seedlings (weighing over 10g each) that are undamaged and free from pests and diseases, and place them close to the Armillaria mellea mycelium, with the apical bud facing upwards. Sprinkle with pre-prepared crushed fern grass, ensuring that the Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea mycelium are not visible. Then, evenly cover the fern grass with the second part of the composite substrate soil to a thickness of about 2cm. Finally, fill with ordinary soil to make it level with the ground. Finally, cover with a layer of pine needles for shade, to a thickness of about 5cm.

[0034] (5) Harvesting: Gastrodia elata is harvested from October to March of the following year.

[0035] The method of planting Gastrodia elata yields 3.18 kg of Gastrodia elata per square meter, of which the total weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 2.43 kg, and the maximum single weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 134 g.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] (1) Soil pretreatment: Select soil that has been fallow for one year after planting Gastrodia elata, turn it over and discard the old fungal material, and spread a composite substrate composed of corn straw charcoal and Moringa leaf powder in a mass ratio of 15:0.8. Spread 150g per square meter and mix it with the soil. Divide the mixed soil into two parts, spread one part flat at the bottom of the hole, and use the other part to cover the soil after placing the Gastrodia elata seeds.

[0038] (2) Laying fungal substrate: After leveling the soil that has been sprinkled into improved substrate 1, place the pre-cultured Armillaria mellea fungal substrate (10cm long and 60cm in diameter) in the hole at intervals of 3-4cm.

[0039] (3) Application of microbial inoculants: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (spore count approximately 110 / g), Trichoderma harzianum (effective viable count 1 billion / g), Bacillus subtilis (effective viable count 20 billion / g), and sand in a ratio of 1:1.5:1:18 to form a microbial inoculant, and apply at a rate of 30g / m³. 2 Apply the microbial inoculant around the Armillaria mellea substrate.

[0040] (4) Select high-quality first-generation seed hemp (weighing over 10g each) that is undamaged and free from pests and diseases, and place it close to the Armillaria mellea mycelium with the apical bud facing upwards. Sprinkle pre-prepared crushed fern grass on top, ensuring that the hemp and Armillaria mellea mycelium are not visible. Then, evenly cover the fern grass with the second portion of soil containing substrate 1, to a thickness of about 2cm. Finally, fill with ordinary soil to make it level with the ground. Finally, cover with a layer of fern grass for shade, to a thickness of about 5cm.

[0041] (5) Harvesting: Gastrodia elata is harvested from October to March of the following year.

[0042] The method of planting Gastrodia elata yields 3.34 kg of Gastrodia elata per square meter, of which the total weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 2.76 kg, and the maximum single weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 127 g.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] (1) Soil pretreatment: Select soil that has been fallow for one year after planting Gastrodia elata, turn it over and discard the old fungal material, and spread a composite substrate composed of corn straw charcoal, marigold powder and moringa leaf powder in a mass ratio of 20:15:1.0. Spread 200g per square meter and mix it with the soil. Divide the mixed soil into two parts, spread one part at the bottom of the hole and use the other part to cover the soil after planting Gastrodia elata.

[0045] (2) Laying fungal substrate: After leveling the soil that has been sprinkled into the composite substrate, place the pre-cultured Armillaria mellea fungal substrate (10cm long and 60cm in diameter) in the hole at intervals of 3-4cm.

[0046] (3) Application of microbial inoculants: Mix arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (spore count approximately 110 / g), Trichoderma harzianum (effective viable count 1 billion / g), Bacillus subtilis (effective viable count 20 billion / g), and sand in a ratio of 1.5:2:1:25 to form a microbial inoculant, and apply at a rate of 45g / m³. 2 Apply the microbial inoculant around the Armillaria mellea substrate.

[0047] (4) Select high-quality first-generation seed hemp (weighing over 10g each) that is undamaged and free from pests and diseases, and place it close to the microbial inoculant with the apical bud facing upwards. Sprinkle with pre-prepared crushed fern grass, ensuring that the Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea inoculant are not visible. Then, evenly cover the fern grass with the second portion of soil containing substrate 1, to a thickness of about 2cm. Finally, fill with ordinary soil to make it level with the ground. Finally, cover with a layer of pine needles for shade, to a thickness of about 5cm.

[0048] (5) Harvesting: Gastrodia elata is harvested from October to March of the following year.

[0049] The method of planting Gastrodia elata yields 3.80 kg of Gastrodia elata per square meter, of which the total weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 3.43 kg, and the maximum single weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 183 g.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] (1) Soil treatment: Select forest soil that has not been planted with Gastrodia elata and till it.

[0052] (2) Laying fungal substrate: After leveling the soil, place the pre-cultured Armillaria mellea fungal substrate (10cm long and 60cm in diameter) in the hole at intervals of 3-4cm.

[0053] (3) Select high-quality first-generation seed hemp (weighing more than 10g each) that is free from damage and pests and diseases, place it close to the Armillaria mellea fungus material with the top bud facing upwards, and sprinkle with pre-prepared crushed fern grass, making sure that the hemp and Armillaria mellea fungus material are not visible. The thickness should be about 3cm, and then fill it with soil to make it level with the ground. Finally, cover it with a layer of pine needles for shade, with a thickness of about 5cm.

[0054] (4) Harvesting: Gastrodia elata is harvested from October to March of the following year.

[0055] Using this method, each square meter of Gastrodia elata can yield 4.44 kg of Gastrodia elata, of which the total weight of marketable Gastrodia elata is 3.66 kg, and the maximum single weight of marketable Gastrodia elata is 199 g.

[0056] Comparative Example 2

[0057] (1) Soil treatment: Select soil that has been left fallow for one year after planting Gastrodia elata, and discard the old fungal material after plowing.

[0058] (2) Laying fungal substrate: After leveling the soil, place the pre-cultured Armillaria mellea fungal substrate (10cm long and 60cm in diameter) in the hole at intervals of 3-4cm.

[0059] (3) Select high-quality first-generation seed hemp (weighing over 10g each) that is undamaged and free from pests and diseases, and place it close to the Armillaria mellea mycelium with the apical bud facing upwards. Sprinkle with pre-prepared crushed fern grass, ensuring that the hemp and Armillaria mellea mycelium are not visible, to a thickness of about 3cm. Then fill with soil to make it level with the ground. Finally, cover with a layer of pine needles, fern grass, or fallen leaves for shade, to a thickness of about 5cm.

[0060] (4) Harvesting: Gastrodia elata is harvested from October to March of the following year.

[0061] The method of planting Gastrodia elata yields 1.13 kg of Gastrodia elata per square meter, of which the total weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 1.49 kg, and the maximum single weight of commercial Gastrodia elata is 97 g.

[0062] The effects of different treatment methods on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity are analyzed in Tables 1 and 2 below. After treating the soil with a composite matrix, the application of microbial agents resulted in soil organic matter content, available phosphorus, available potassium, and salt content that were not significantly different from Comparative Example 1, but significantly different from Comparative Example 2. The pH and electrical conductivity of the five soil samples showed no significant differences. The alkaline nitrogen content in the examples was higher than that in the control. Comparative Example 2 had the lowest content of acidic protease, urease, sucrase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase, while Example 3 was similar to Comparative Example 1. Comparative Example 2 had the highest content of acid phosphatase, while Comparative Example 1 had the lowest. The fact that the three examples were similar to Comparative Example 1 indicates that this method can improve soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity, and effectively alleviate the obstacle of continuous cropping of Gastrodia elata.

[0063] Table 1. Changes in the physicochemical properties of soil used for Gastrodia elata cultivation.

[0064]

[0065] Table 2 Changes in soil enzyme activity before and after Gastrodia elata planting

[0066]

[0067] The embodiments described above are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacles of Gastrodia elata, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Soil pretreatment: Till the planting soil and remove the old fungal material; then spread the composite substrate on the soil and mix it evenly; divide the evenly mixed soil into two parts, one part is spread flat at the bottom of the hole, and the other part is used to cover the planted Gastrodia elata. The composite matrix is ​​composed of corn straw charcoal and at least two of the following: marigold powder, moringa leaf powder, garlic powder, and matrine powder. (2) Spread mushroom material: After leveling the soil that has been sprinkled into the composite substrate, place the cultured Armillaria mellea mycelium in the holes at 2-4 cm intervals, and compact the mycelium to avoid leaving gaps between it and the bottom of the holes. (3) Application of microbial agents: A microbial inoculant is prepared by mixing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and sand in a mass ratio of 0.8–1.5:1–2:0.8–1.5:15–25, and then evenly spreading the microbial inoculant around the Armillaria mellea mycelium. (4) Planting: Place the Gastrodia elata seed close to the Armillaria mellea mycelium, with the apical bud facing upwards, sprinkle semi-dry fern powder on top, ensuring that the Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea mycelium are not visible, then evenly cover the fern with the soil mixed in step (1), with a thickness of 2-4 cm, and finally fill it with ordinary soil to make it level with the ground; finally cover it with a layer of leaves for shade, with a thickness of 3-5 cm. (5) Harvesting.

2. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite matrix in step (1) is made by mixing corn straw charcoal with marigold powder, moringa leaf powder, garlic powder and matrine powder in a mass ratio of 10-20:10-20:0.6-1.2:0.4-1:0.3-0.

6.

3. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (1), apply 80-200g of the composite substrate per square meter of soil.

4. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Armillaria mellea mycelium material mentioned in step (2) is prepared by placing Armillaria mellea around the wood and culturing it for 4-6 months to allow the Armillaria mellea to infect the wood; the Armillaria mellea mycelium material is 10-15cm long and 50-70cm in diameter.

5. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (3), the number of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores is approximately 110 spores / g, the effective viable count of Trichoderma harzianum is 1 billion / g, and the effective viable count of Bacillus subtilis is 20 billion / g.

6. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microbial agent is applied at 20-50 g / m 2 at a rate of 20-50 g / m2.

7. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed hemp is a first-generation seed hemp that is undamaged and free from pests and diseases, and the weight of each seed hemp is 10-20g.

8. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leaves used in step (4) are pine needles or ferns.

9. The planting method for effectively alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Gastrodia elata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The harvesting period is from October of the current year to March of the following year.

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