Hybrid beam forming method and device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, and discloses a hybrid beam forming method, device and equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the precoding of a to-be-transmitted digital baseband symbol stream through a digital baseband beam forming matrix based on a baseband processor, and generating a baseband digital precoding symbol stream; modulating the baseband digital precoding symbol stream through the corresponding radio frequency links to obtain radio frequency signals corresponding to the link number of the radio frequency links; and when each radio frequency signal is input into the corresponding electric control passive array, generating an analog wave beam with a directional radiation mode according to the electric control passive array analog wave beam forming matrix. The electronic control passive array is used for replacing a traditional evenly-distributed array to achieve analog beam forming, the electromagnetic wave radiation direction is flexibly guided by accurately regulating and controlling passive load parameters in the electronic control passive array, and low-hardware-complexity, low-cost and efficient analog beam forming is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication technology, and in particular to a hybrid beamforming method, apparatus, device, and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In existing hybrid digital-analog beamforming technology, analog beamforming is implemented by phase shifters. Although this reduces the number of radio frequency (RF) links and lowers system complexity, the phase shifters still result in higher power consumption, hardware overhead, and cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main purpose of this application is to provide a hybrid beamforming method, apparatus, device and storage medium, aiming to solve the technical problems of high power consumption, hardware overhead and cost caused by phase shifters in existing hybrid digital analog beamforming technology.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present application proposes a hybrid beamforming method, which includes:

[0005] Precoding a digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted using a digital baseband beamforming matrix based on a baseband processor to generate a baseband digital precoded symbol stream;

[0006] Modulating the baseband digital precoded symbol stream through corresponding radio frequency links to obtain radio frequency signals corresponding to the number of radio frequency links, wherein each radio frequency link is connected to an electrically controlled passive array through an impedance matching network;

[0007] When each of the radio frequency signals is input into the corresponding electrically controlled passive array, a simulated beam having a directional radiation pattern is generated according to the electrically controlled passive array simulated beamforming matrix.

[0008] Optionally, the electrically controlled passive array comprises an active unit connected to a single radio frequency link, and a plurality of parasitic units coupled via adjustable passive loads;

[0009] The step of generating a simulated beam having a directional radiation pattern according to the simulated beamforming matrix of the electrically controlled passive array when each of the radio frequency signals is input into the corresponding electrically controlled passive array comprises:

[0010] When each of the radio frequency signals is input into the active unit through the impedance matching network, determining the mutual coupling between the active unit and each of the parasitic units;

[0011] Acquiring a target radiation pattern, and determining adjustment information of the electrically controlled passive array analog beamforming matrix based on the target radiation pattern and the mutual coupling condition;

[0012] The passive load parameters of the parasitic unit are regulated by a first controller according to the adjustment information to generate a simulated beam with a directional radiation pattern.

[0013] Optionally, before the step of modulating the baseband digital precoded symbol stream through corresponding radio frequency links to obtain radio frequency signals corresponding to the number of radio frequency links, the step further includes:

[0014] adjusting a variable load of each adjustable passive element in the impedance matching network based on a second controller;

[0015] The impedance of the electrically controlled passive array and the radio frequency link are matched according to the variable load.

[0016] Optionally, before the step of precoding the digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted using a digital baseband beamforming matrix based on the baseband processor to generate a baseband digital precoded symbol stream, the step further includes:

[0017] Obtaining status information of a preset communication channel;

[0018] An optimization objective is set based on maximizing spectral efficiency to minimize the distance between the optimal beamformer and the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer, wherein the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer includes a digital baseband beamformer and an electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer;

[0019] setting an initial digital baseband beamformer and an initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer according to the state information;

[0020] The initial digital baseband beamformer and the initial electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer are optimized by an alternating optimization algorithm based on an optimization target to obtain the digital baseband beamforming matrix and the electrically steerable passive array analog beamforming matrix.

[0021] Optionally, the step of setting an initial digital baseband beamformer and an initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer according to the state information includes:

[0022] determining an original digital beamformer and an original analog beamformer according to the state information, wherein the original digital beamformer and the original analog beamformer are generated by an original hybrid beamforming scheme;

[0023] using the original digital beamformer as an initial digital baseband beamformer;

[0024] determining the beam direction of each phase shifter subarray in the original analog beamformer;

[0025] verifying the similarity between the beam direction and the radiation pattern of the initial electrically controlled passive array simulated beamformer using a correlation coefficient, and maximizing the correlation coefficient based on the similarity to establish an unconstrained optimization model;

[0026] The unconstrained optimization model is processed by the quasi-Newton method to obtain a target stationary point, and an adjustable passive load matrix of the electrically controlled passive array is initialized according to the target stationary point to obtain an initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer.

[0027] Optionally, the step of optimizing the initial digital baseband beamformer and the initial electronically steerable passive array analog beamformer by an alternating optimization algorithm based on an optimization objective to obtain the digital baseband beamforming matrix and the electronically steerable passive array analog beamforming matrix includes:

[0028] The initial digital baseband beamformer is fixed, and an adjustable passive load matrix of the initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer is optimized to obtain a current electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer;

[0029] Fixing the current electronically controlled passive array analog beamformer, and optimizing the initial digital baseband beamformer using a semidefinite relaxation method to obtain a current digital baseband beamformer;

[0030] calculating a target distance between the optimal beamformer and the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer based on the current digital baseband beamformer and the current electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer;

[0031] If the target distance does not converge, updating the current digital baseband beamformer and the current electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer to the initial digital baseband beamformer and the initial electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer, and returning to the step of fixing the initial digital baseband beamformer;

[0032] If the target distance is converged, the current digital baseband beamformer and the current electrically steerable passive array analog beam are used as the digital baseband beamforming matrix and the electrically steerable passive array analog beamforming matrix.

[0033] Optionally, after the step of generating a simulated beam having a directional radiation pattern according to the simulated beamforming matrix of the electrically-controlled passive array when each of the radio frequency signals is input into the corresponding electrically-controlled passive array, the method further includes:

[0034] Determining channel information between the simulated beam and a receiving end;

[0035] A beam space channel model is established according to the channel information, and the simulated beam is transmitted according to the beam space channel model.

[0036] In addition, to achieve the above objectives, the present application also proposes a hybrid beamforming device, which includes:

[0037] A digital beamforming module is used to precode the digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted through the digital baseband beamforming matrix based on the baseband processor to generate a baseband digital precoded symbol stream;

[0038] a link transmission module, configured to modulate the baseband digital precoded symbol stream through a corresponding radio frequency link to obtain a radio frequency signal corresponding to the number of radio frequency links, wherein each radio frequency link is connected to an electrically controlled passive array through an impedance matching network;

[0039] The simulated beam module is used to generate a simulated beam with a directional radiation pattern according to the simulated beam forming matrix of the electrically controlled passive array when each of the radio frequency signals is input into the corresponding electrically controlled passive array.

[0040] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present application also proposes a hybrid beamforming device, which includes: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the hybrid beamforming method described above.

[0041] In addition, to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application also proposes a storage medium, which is a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program is stored on the storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the hybrid beamforming method described above are implemented.

[0042] The present application discloses a method for precoding a digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted through a digital baseband beamforming matrix based on a baseband processor to generate a baseband digital precoded symbol stream; modulating the baseband digital precoded symbol stream through a corresponding radio frequency link to obtain a radio frequency signal corresponding to the number of links in the radio frequency link, wherein each radio frequency link is connected to an electrically controlled passive array through an impedance matching network; when each radio frequency signal is input into the corresponding electrically controlled passive array, an analog beam with a directional radiation pattern is generated according to the electrically controlled passive array analog beamforming matrix. The electrically controlled passive array is used to replace the traditional uniformly distributed array to realize analog beamforming. By precisely controlling the passive load parameters in the electrically controlled passive array, the radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave can be flexibly guided to achieve low hardware complexity, low cost and high efficiency analog beamforming. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0044] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the first embodiment of the hybrid beamforming method of the present application;

[0046] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of electrically controlled passive array hybrid beamforming for this application;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the second embodiment of the hybrid beamforming method of the present application;

[0048] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of the hybrid beamforming device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the device structure of the hardware operating environment involved in the hybrid beamforming method in the embodiment of the present application.

[0050] The purpose, features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely used to explain the technical solutions of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.

[0052] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present application, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0053] The main solution of the embodiment of the present application is: based on the baseband processor, the digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted is precoded through the digital baseband beamforming matrix to generate a baseband digital precoded symbol stream; the baseband digital precoded symbol stream is modulated through the corresponding radio frequency link to obtain a radio frequency signal corresponding to the number of links of the radio frequency link, wherein each radio frequency link is connected to an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) through an impedance matching network; when each of the radio frequency signals is input into the corresponding electronically steerable passive array, an analog beam with a directional radiation pattern is generated according to the electronically steerable passive array analog beamforming matrix.

[0054] The demand for wireless communication services and infrastructure continues to grow. To meet this demand, millimeter-wave communications, with their wide bandwidth and support for high-speed data transmission, have attracted considerable attention in academia and industry. Due to the short wavelength of millimeter-wave signals, a large number of antennas can be integrated into a limited space. Consequently, antenna array processing techniques (such as beamforming) are required to compensate for the higher path loss compared to sub-6GHz systems.

[0055] Beamforming can be achieved through analog or digital technology. Traditional analog beamforming is low-cost and relies solely on phase shifters to adjust the phase of the beamformer. However, due to hardware architecture limitations, its performance is difficult to optimize. In contrast, fully digital beamforming can simultaneously control both amplitude and phase, providing better beamforming capabilities. However, this solution relies on a large number of RF links, including power amplifiers, mixers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and digital-to-analog converters (DACs), resulting in low energy efficiency, high hardware complexity, and high cost. In millimeter wave communications, due to power consumption and system complexity limitations, as well as the sparse scattering characteristics of millimeter wave channels, traditional analog or fully digital beamforming technologies are difficult to directly promote and apply in the short term. Therefore, how to achieve high-energy-efficiency, low-complexity, and low-cost beamforming solutions while ensuring beamforming performance remains a core issue that needs to be addressed.

[0056] To address this challenge, hybrid digital-analog beamforming has become the mainstream solution, with analog beamforming typically implemented using phase shifters. While this approach reduces the number of RF links and system complexity, phase shifters still incur high power consumption, hardware overhead, and cost. Therefore, within the existing hybrid beamforming framework, further improving energy efficiency and reducing hardware complexity and cost remain key technical challenges that need to be overcome.

[0057] Therefore, this application provides a hybrid digital-analog beamforming technology based on an electrically controlled passive array. The array consists of an active antenna connected to a single RF link and multiple parasitic antennas coupled via adjustable passive loads. By precisely controlling the passive load parameters, the direction of electromagnetic wave radiation can be flexibly guided, achieving efficient analog beamforming. This solution combines the advantages of high energy efficiency, low hardware complexity, and low cost, while ensuring excellent beamforming performance, providing a highly efficient solution for millimeter wave communication systems.

[0058] It should be noted that the execution subject of this embodiment can be a computing service device with signal processing, network communication, and program execution functions, such as a signal processing system, or an electronic device capable of implementing the above functions. The following describes this embodiment and the following embodiments using the transmitter as an example.

[0059] Based on this, the embodiment of the present application provides a hybrid beamforming method, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the first embodiment of the hybrid beamforming method of the present application.

[0060] In this embodiment, the hybrid beamforming method includes:

[0061] Step S10 : Precoding the digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted through the digital baseband beamforming matrix based on the baseband processor to generate a baseband digital precoded symbol stream.

[0062] It's important to note that the baseband processor is primarily responsible for processing digital baseband signals, including signal encoding, decoding, modulation, demodulation, and channel estimation. Throughout the communication link, the baseband processor converts upper-layer data into baseband signals suitable for transmission across the wireless channel. It also processes received baseband signals to recover the original data. A digital baseband symbol stream is a sequence of discrete digital symbols representing the information being transmitted. The digital baseband beamforming matrix is a complex matrix that weights and combines the digital baseband symbol stream to implement digital beamforming, providing beamforming capabilities.

[0063] It's understood that a baseband digital precoded symbol stream is a digital baseband symbol stream that has been precoded by a digital baseband beamforming matrix. The precoding process actually performs a linear transformation on the original digital baseband symbol stream, allowing the signal to better adapt to channel characteristics during transmission, improving transmission quality and reliability.

[0064] In one example, N s Represents the dimension of the digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted, that is, N s Therefore, at the transmitter, at least RF link. s ×1 transmit vector s, after digital beamforming (linear transformation), i.e., through the dimension The digital baseband beamforming matrix F BB , and the dimension is vector.

[0065] Step S20: modulate the baseband digital precoded symbol stream through the corresponding radio frequency link to obtain a radio frequency signal corresponding to the number of radio frequency links, wherein each radio frequency link is connected to an electrically controlled passive array through an impedance matching network.

[0066] It should be noted that the RF link includes power amplifiers, mixers, analog-to-digital converters, and digital-to-analog converters, which can convert baseband digital signals into RF signals and perform operations such as amplification and filtering on the signals. An impedance matching network is a circuit network used to match two different impedances. In the RF link, its function is to match the output impedance of the RF link with the input impedance of the electrically controlled passive array to reduce signal reflections, improve power transmission efficiency, and ensure that the signal can be effectively transmitted from the RF link to the electrically controlled passive array. An electrically controlled passive array is an antenna array composed of multiple antenna elements, including an active element and multiple parasitic elements. The active element is connected to the RF link to receive RF signals; the parasitic element is coupled to the active element through an adjustable passive load. By adjusting the parameters of these passive loads, the radiation pattern of the antenna array can be changed to achieve beamforming.

[0067] It should be understood that the number of impedance matching networks and electrically controlled passive arrays corresponds to the number of RF links. Each impedance matching network includes a variable load element, and each RF link is connected to the active element of the ESPAR antenna via the impedance matching network. The output of each RF link is connected to a tunable impedance matching network. The output of each tunable impedance matching network is connected to the ESPAR antenna to match the impedance of the ESPAR antenna to that of the RF link.

[0068] In one example, the output of the digital baseband beamforming processor is connected to the Each RF link to convert the The baseband digital precoded symbol stream is modulated as an RF signal.

[0069] Furthermore, in order to transmit more signal energy from the radio frequency link to the electrically controlled passive array, thereby improving signal transmission efficiency and reducing signal loss, the process may further include:

[0070] The variable load of each adjustable passive element in the impedance matching network is adjusted based on the second controller; and the impedance of the electrically controlled passive array and the radio frequency link are matched according to the variable load.

[0071] It should be noted that the second controller outputs a DC control voltage to control the adjustable passive elements (such as variable capacitors and variable inductors) in the tunable impedance matching network to achieve impedance matching between the electrically controlled passive array and the RF link. The DC control voltage is applied to the varactor diode of the adjustable passive element in the tunable impedance matching network, adjusting the size of the variable load so that the tunable impedance matching network can match the impedance of the electrically controlled passive array to the RF link.

[0072] Step S30 : When each of the radio frequency signals is input into the corresponding electrically steerable passive array, a simulated beam having a directional radiation pattern is generated according to the electrically steerable passive array simulated beamforming matrix.

[0073] It should be noted that the electronically controlled passive array analog beamforming matrix is used to convert RF signals into analog beams. The elements in the matrix determine the weighting coefficients of each antenna element (including active and parasitic elements) during the signal processing process. These coefficients can be used to control the excitation amplitude and phase of each element, thereby forming an analog beam with a specific direction and shape. Analog beams are beams generated based on analog signal processing technology. In an electronically controlled passive array, by adjusting the passive load parameters of the parasitic elements, the current distribution and phase relationship between the elements are changed, so that the antenna array forms a radiation beam with a specific direction and shape in space.

[0074] Furthermore, in order to fully consider the impact of interactions between antenna elements on beamforming, the electrically controlled passive array can better adapt to different communication scenarios and needs. It can generate more accurate directional radiation pattern simulated beams, improving the directionality and accuracy of signal transmission. The electrically controlled passive array includes an active unit connected to a single RF link and multiple parasitic units coupled through adjustable passive loads. Step S30 may include:

[0075] When each of the radio frequency signals is input into the active unit through the impedance matching network, the mutual coupling between the active unit and each of the parasitic units is determined; a target radiation pattern is obtained, and adjustment information of the electrically controlled passive array simulated beamforming matrix is determined based on the target radiation pattern and the mutual coupling; and the passive load parameters of the parasitic units are regulated by a first controller according to the adjustment information to generate a simulated beam with a directional radiation pattern.

[0076] It should be noted that mutual coupling refers to the coupling relationship between current and electromagnetic fields generated by the electromagnetic field interaction between active and parasitic elements. Mutual coupling changes the current distribution and phase relationship between each element, thereby affecting the radiation characteristics of the antenna array, such as the directivity pattern and gain. The target radiation pattern refers to the desired spatial distribution pattern of the antenna array radiated signal based on the requirements of the communication system. Adjustment information refers to the relevant parameter information used to adjust the analog beamforming matrix of the electronically controlled passive array.

[0077] In addition, it should be noted that the first controller is responsible for regulating the passive load parameters of the parasitic unit according to the adjustment information. The passive load parameter values are parameter values of adjustable passive components (such as variable capacitors, variable inductors, etc.) in the parasitic unit.

[0078] It is understood that by adjusting the parameters of the antenna array, different directional radiation patterns can be achieved to meet the communication system's requirements for signal coverage and transmission direction. For example, for ESPAR antennas, the current in each antenna can be controlled by changing the parameters (such as phase and amplitude) of the passive load connected to the parasitic antenna.

[0079] In one example, reference Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hybrid beamforming of the electrically controlled passive array in this application. At the transmitting end, it is assumed that N s data streams, and there are Each RF link is connected to the active element of the ESPAR antenna through an impedance matching network. The signal streams enter the corresponding RF link respectively. There is a variable load in the impedance matching network (varicap diode and compensation inductor in series), and its parameters are controlled by the controller, such as X A ,X B ,X C etc. j represents the imaginary part of the parameter. Each M-element passive array includes an active unit and M-1 parasitic antennas coupled to each other and to the active unit, as well as M-1 variable loads. The active unit can be connected to a power supply. For example, in a 9-element passive array, v s The active element is v2, v3, ..., v9, and the parasitic elements are varactor elements. Each variable load consists of a varactor diode connected in series with an offset inductor. Multiple electrically controlled passive arrays form the analog beamforming section. A controller adjusts the passive load parameters of the parasitic elements to form a radiation beam with a specific direction and shape in space.

[0080] Among them, the electronically controlled passive array analog beamforming matrix can be expressed as F ESPAR , the dimension is The array provides N orthogonal basis modes through the impedance matching network, which is equivalent to having There are spatially separable antenna units. Therefore, the transmitter sends a total of N t Data streams.

[0081] The electronically controlled passive array hybrid beamformer consists of a digital baseband beamforming matrix F BB and electronically controlled passive array simulated beamforming matrix F ESPAR Since this scheme adopts a partially connected structure, the electronically controlled passive array analog beamforming matrix is a block diagonal matrix, which can be expressed as:

[0082]

[0083] in, and are the adjustable passive load matrix and beamformer of the electrically controlled passive array connected to the i-th RF link. All adjustable passive loads are collected as Therefore, the electronically controlled passive array analog beamforming matrix can be expressed as:

[0084]

[0085] Among them, E oc,i 、E bs,i , Z A,i and v s,i They represent the open-circuit radiation pattern matrix, orthogonal basis mode matrix, impedance matrix, and voltage vector of the electrically controlled passive array connected to the i-th RF link. Due to the normalization process, the voltage vector v s,i The amplitude of will not actually affect the analog beamformer of the electrically controlled passive array. The imaginary part of .

[0086] Specifically, the current passing through each antenna is expressed as Right now:

[0087] i=(Z A +jX L ) -1 v s

[0088] Among them, Z A represents the impedance matrix of M antennas. The current determines the radiation pattern of the ESPAR antenna. From the above analysis, we can see that the radiation pattern of the ESPAR antenna is related to X L Therefore, X can be adjusted L To form the radiation pattern required by the ESPAR antenna, that is, ESPAR analog beamforming.

[0089] Furthermore, in order to better adapt to channel fading, multipath and other characteristics, reduce signal distortion and interference, and improve communication quality, after step S30, the following steps are further included:

[0090] Channel information between the simulated beam and a receiving end is determined; a beam space channel model is established according to the channel information, and the simulated beam is transmitted according to the beam space channel model.

[0091] It should be noted that a receiver refers to the device or system that receives wireless signals sent by a transmitter. Channel information describes the channel characteristics experienced by wireless signals during transmission from the transmitter to the receiver. These characteristics include path loss, multipath fading, Doppler shift, and angular spread. The beamspace channel model provides a virtual channel representation in the angular domain, providing a more intuitive description of millimeter wave channel characteristics.

[0092] In one example, when the normalization constraint is satisfied Under the condition of , the normalized transmit power constraint can be expressed as: Therefore, in the narrowband fading channel model, the received signal after beamforming can be expressed as:

[0093]

[0094] Among them, s is the sending vector, H is the channel matrix, and are the transposed conjugates of the analog beamforming matrix and the digital beamforming matrix at the receiving end, respectively. n is the channel noise. ρ is the average received power. The spectral efficiency R can be expressed as:

[0095]

[0096] in N s ×N s The identity matrix, σ 2 is the variance of the covariance matrix of the noise of the target user. H H are the transposed conjugate of the corresponding matrix, W RF , W BB They are the analog beamforming matrix and digital beamforming matrix at the receiving end respectively.

[0097] At the receiving end, use RF links, and use the same partial connection structure as the transmission end. Each RF link is connected to a antenna subarray.

[0098] In beam space, the channel matrix H of the hybrid beamforming system based on the electronically controlled passive array can be expressed as:

[0099]

[0100] Where L represents the number of paths in a limited scattering environment, h l 、 and denote the gain, angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) of the lth path respectively. Assume that h l For all l complex Gaussian random variables that are independent and identically distributed (iid), γ is a normalization factor, so

[0101] also, Represents N sampled at the departure angle t The orthogonal basis modes of an electrically controlled passive array can be expressed as:

[0102]

[0103] in, represents the nth orthogonal basis pattern of the i-th ESPAR antenna sampled at AoD. is the orthogonal basis pattern of Nr antennas sampled at AoA.

[0104] Assuming that the propagation channel has a two-dimensional uniform propagation angle space (PAS), the arrival angle and departure angle vary only with the azimuth angle. Therefore, for l = 1, ..., L, they are expressed as and In addition, assuming that the transmitter N t The ESPARs are identical and spaced at intervals d ESPAR The uniform linear array arrangement can be expressed as:

[0105]

[0106] At the same time, the receiving end's N r The antennas are spaced at a distance d r The uniform linear array arrangement can be expressed as:

[0107]

[0108] Where λ represents the wavelength,

[0109] In this embodiment, a digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted is precoded by a digital baseband beamforming matrix based on a baseband processor to generate a baseband digital precoded symbol stream; the baseband digital precoded symbol stream is modulated by a corresponding radio frequency link to obtain a radio frequency signal corresponding to the number of links of the radio frequency link, wherein each radio frequency link is connected to an electrically controlled passive array through an impedance matching network; when each radio frequency signal is input into the corresponding electrically controlled passive array, an analog beam with a directional radiation pattern is generated according to the electrically controlled passive array analog beamforming matrix. By using an electrically controlled passive array to replace a traditional uniformly distributed array to realize analog beamforming, the passive load parameters in the electrically controlled passive array are precisely controlled to flexibly guide the radiation direction of the electromagnetic wave, thereby realizing low hardware complexity, low cost and high efficiency analog beamforming.

[0110] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 3 4 is a flow chart of a second embodiment of the hybrid beamforming method of the present application. Based on the above-mentioned first embodiment, the second embodiment of the hybrid beamforming method of the present application is proposed.

[0111] In the second embodiment, before step S10, the method further includes:

[0112] Step S01: Acquire status information of a preset communication channel.

[0113] It should be noted that a preset communication channel refers to a channel for signal transmission that is pre-defined before the design or actual operation of a communication system. Channel state information describes the various characteristics and changes that a signal experiences while transmitting in a communication channel. This includes path loss, multipath fading, Doppler shift, signal arrival angle, and signal departure angle.

[0114] Step S02 : setting an optimization target based on maximizing spectral efficiency to minimize the distance between the optimal beamformer and the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer, wherein the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer includes a digital baseband beamformer and an electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer.

[0115] It should be noted that the optimal beamformer is a beamformer that can theoretically optimize the performance of the communication system (such as maximizing spectrum efficiency, minimizing bit error rate, etc.).

[0116] It is understandable that based on the system model and channel model, it is necessary to formulate the optimization problem of the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamforming. The goal is to find a suitable electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer to maximize the spectral efficiency R. This optimization process can be achieved by minimizing the optimal beamformer F opt Hybrid beamformer with electronically controlled passive array F ESPAR F BB The distance between them is approximated.

[0117] In one example, the hybrid beamforming optimization problem for an electrically steerable passive array can be formulated as:

[0118]

[0119] To solve the above problems, this scheme proposes an efficient algorithm based on alternating optimization.

[0120] Step S03 : setting an initial digital baseband beamformer and an initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer according to the state information.

[0121] It should be noted that the initial digital baseband beamformer and the initial electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer are the starting points before the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamforming algorithm is optimized.

[0122] Furthermore, in order to make the initial beam closer to the target radiation pattern and improve the quality of the initial beam, thereby accelerating the convergence speed of the entire optimization process and improving system performance, the step S03 may include:

[0123] determining an original digital beamformer and an original analog beamformer according to the state information, wherein the original digital beamformer and the original analog beamformer are generated by an original hybrid beamforming scheme;

[0124] using the original digital beamformer as an initial digital baseband beamformer;

[0125] determining the beam direction of each phase shifter subarray in the original analog beamformer;

[0126] verifying the similarity between the beam direction and the radiation pattern of the initial electrically controlled passive array simulated beamformer using a correlation coefficient, and maximizing the correlation coefficient based on the similarity to establish an unconstrained optimization model;

[0127] The unconstrained optimization model is processed by the quasi-Newton method to obtain a target stationary point, and an adjustable passive load matrix of the electrically controlled passive array is initialized according to the target stationary point to obtain an initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer.

[0128] It should be noted that the initial values of the original digital beamformer and the original analog beamformer are determined based on the traditional hybrid beamforming scheme. The original hybrid beamforming scheme is a traditional hybrid digital-analog beamforming scheme, which is determined by state information. The phase shifter subarray is a component of the original analog beamformer. This subarray, composed of multiple phase shifters, controls the radiation direction of the beam by changing the phase of the signal. Beam direction refers to the direction of the beam radiation in space.

[0129] In addition, it should be noted that the initial electronically controlled passive array analog beamformer is the analog beamformer used as the starting point in the process of optimizing the electronically controlled passive array analog beamformer. The radiation pattern refers to a graph used to describe the distribution of the intensity of the signal radiated by an antenna or antenna array in all directions in space. The correlation coefficient is a statistic used to measure the similarity between two signals or data sets. The unconstrained optimization model is a mathematical model in which the optimization objective function is not restricted by equality or inequality constraints. The quasi-Newton method is an iterative algorithm for solving unconstrained optimization problems. The target stationary point is the point at which the gradient of the objective function in the optimization problem is zero. The adjustable passive load matrix is a matrix used to adjust the parasitic unit load in the electronically controlled passive array.

[0130] In one example, first consider initializing F BB (0) is the initial digital baseband beamformer, and X (0) is the initial load matrix, and the quasi-Newton method is used to solve F BBTo this end, we refer to the traditional hybrid beamforming scheme, which includes a digital beamformer and an analog beamformer, which are expressed as and They can be designed through various optimization methods such as the SDR-AltMin algorithm.

[0131] For the initial digital beamformer, set For the initial reaction load matrix, we want to find X (0) , so that the corresponding F ESPAR (X (0) )near

[0132] Therefore, suppose and The goal of this step is to find each (for ) makes the radiation pattern of the electrically controlled passive array antenna As close as possible It can be expressed by the following formula:

[0133]

[0134] Next, the correlation coefficient (c) is used to verify the similarity between the ideal radiation pattern and the ESPAR hybrid beamforming radiation pattern:

[0135]

[0136] Among them, the value of the correlation coefficient is between |c|∈[0,1], and |c|=0 means e i and are orthogonal, and |c|=1 means e i and Therefore, we hope to find maximize and The correlation coefficient between The formula is:

[0137]

[0138] This is an unconstrained optimization problem. Therefore, a quasi-Newton method is used to find a stationary point, which is then used to initialize X (0) , and finally through X (0) The initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer is obtained.

[0139] Step S04 : optimizing the initial digital baseband beamformer and the initial electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer by an alternating optimization algorithm based on the optimization target to obtain the digital baseband beamforming matrix and the electrically steerable passive array analog beamforming matrix.

[0140] Furthermore, to ensure convergence of the optimization process, the computational complexity is appropriately controlled. This reduces the amount of computation and improves the real-time and practicality of the system. An alternating optimization algorithm is employed, gradually approaching the optimal solution by fixing one beamformer and optimizing another. Step S04 may include:

[0141] The initial digital baseband beamformer is fixed, and an adjustable passive load matrix of the initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer is optimized to obtain a current electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer;

[0142] Fixing the current electronically controlled passive array analog beamformer, and optimizing the initial digital baseband beamformer using a semidefinite relaxation method to obtain a current digital baseband beamformer;

[0143] calculating a target distance between the optimal beamformer and the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer based on the current digital baseband beamformer and the current electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer;

[0144] If the target distance does not converge, updating the current digital baseband beamformer and the current electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer to the initial digital baseband beamformer and the initial electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer, and returning to the step of fixing the initial digital baseband beamformer;

[0145] If the target distance is converged, the current digital baseband beamformer and the current electrically steerable passive array analog beam are used as the digital baseband beamforming matrix and the electrically steerable passive array analog beamforming matrix.

[0146] It should be noted that the current electronically steerable passive array analog beamformer and the current digital baseband beamformer are electronically steerable passive array hybrid beamformers being optimized. Semidefinite relaxation is a common method for solving non-convex optimization problems. The target distance is used as a quantitative metric to measure the difference between the optimal beamformer and the electronically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer.

[0147] In one example, an efficient algorithm based on alternating optimization is proposed. Alternating optimization is an effective method for solving optimization problems involving independent variable sets. Its main idea is to alternately optimize a subset of variables while fixing other subsets of variables until convergence. Using alternating optimization, the electronically controlled passive array analog beamformer F ESPARand digital beamforming F BB Decouple into two independent subsets of variables and optimize F alternately ESPAR and F BB , while optimizing one, fix the other. The specific process is as follows:

[0148] (1) Optimization of electronically controlled passive array analog beamformer: In the kth iteration, we first consider the fixed digital beamformer F BB k-1 Optimizing the electronically controlled passive array analog beamformer F ESPAR , where F BB k-1 is the digital beamformer optimized in the k-1th iteration.

[0149]

[0150] The above problem can be equivalently transformed into an unconstrained optimization problem, where the goal is to optimize the reactive load matrix X to minimize the optimal beamformer F opt and hybrid electronically controlled passive array beamformer F ESPAR F BB k-1 Distance between:

[0151]

[0152] This optimization problem can be solved using various algorithms, such as the quasi-Newton method. The quasi-Newton method is an iterative method commonly used to solve unconstrained optimization problems. It accelerates the gradient descent process by approximating the Hessian matrix, thereby efficiently finding the optimal solution.

[0153] (2) Digital beamformer optimization: Obtain the optimized reactive load matrix X in the kth iteration (k) After that, update the ESPAR analog beamformer F ESPAR (k-1) , then fix F ESPAR (k-1) Optimizing the digital beamformer F BB .

[0154]

[0155] This is a non-convex quadratically constrained quadratic programming (QCQP) problem, which can be reformulated as a homogeneous QCQP problem and solved using the semidefinite relaxation (SDR) technique. Therefore, the above problem can be expressed as:

[0156]

[0157] This is a least squares problem and has a closed-form solution, which can be expressed as

[0158]

[0159] By alternately optimizing the electronically controlled passive array analog beamformer and the power-normalized digital beamformer, F opt With F ESPAR The distance between them decreases monotonically in the iterative process until convergence, thereby realizing the optimization of the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer.

[0160] It can be understood that compared with traditional fully connected and partially connected hybrid beamforming using phase shifters, the electrically controlled passive array hybrid beamforming proposed in this application has higher energy efficiency than traditional fully connected and partially connected hybrid beamforming using phase shifters because it does not rely on the use of phase shifters with high power consumption.

[0161] Refer to Table 1, which summarizes the comparison between the proposed electrically steerable passive array (ESPAR) hybrid beamforming scheme and the traditional fully connected and partially connected phase shifter hybrid beamforming schemes.

[0162] Table 1 Comparison between electronically steered passive array (ESPAR) hybrid beamforming and traditional hybrid beamforming

[0163]

[0164] In fully connected and partially connected hybrid beamforming, the number of phase shifters is and in is the number of RF chains, is the number of RF antennas. However, the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamforming proposed in this application is implemented using variable loads rather than phase shifters, thereby reducing hardware complexity and cost. In addition, fully connected and partially connected hybrid beamforming require RF power dividers / combiners to distribute / combine analog RF signals, while the proposed electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamforming utilizes the mutual coupling effect naturally present in the electrically steerable passive array to distribute / combine analog RF signals, thereby avoiding the hardware complexity and cost brought by the RF power divider / combiner.

[0165] In fully connected and partially connected hybrid beamforming, uniform linear arrays with adjacent element spacing greater than 0.5λ (half-wavelength) are typically used to suppress the mutual coupling effect between adjacent antennas. However, for the proposed electrically steered passive array hybrid beamforming, the mutual coupling effect is desirable and crucial to enhancing beamforming performance, so it intentionally exploits the mutual coupling effect using a compact ESPAR antenna constructed with a smaller element spacing. Therefore, the proposed ESPAR hybrid beamforming helps provide a smaller antenna array size.

[0166] In this embodiment, with the goal of maximizing spectrum efficiency, optimization targets are set and the initial digital baseband beamformer and the initial electronically controlled passive array analog beamformer are optimized through an alternating optimization algorithm to fully utilize limited spectrum resources, improve the system's transmission capacity and data rate, and meet the growing communication needs.

[0167] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to understand the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the hybrid beamforming method of the present application. More simple transformations based on this technical concept are all within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0168] This application also provides a hybrid beamforming device, please refer to Figure 4 , the hybrid beamforming device comprises:

[0169] The digital beamforming module 10 is configured to precode the digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted through the digital baseband beamforming matrix based on the baseband processor to generate a baseband digital precoded symbol stream;

[0170] a link transmission module 20, configured to modulate the baseband digital precoded symbol stream through corresponding radio frequency links to obtain radio frequency signals corresponding to the number of radio frequency links, wherein each radio frequency link is connected to an electrically controlled passive array via an impedance matching network;

[0171] The simulated beam module 30 is configured to generate a simulated beam having a directional radiation pattern according to the simulated beamforming matrix of the electrically-controlled passive array when each of the radio frequency signals is input into the corresponding electrically-controlled passive array.

[0172] The hybrid beamforming device provided in this application, utilizing the hybrid beamforming method described in the aforementioned embodiments, can address the technical issues of high power consumption, hardware overhead, and cost associated with phase shifters in existing hybrid digital-analog beamforming technologies. Compared to existing technologies, the hybrid beamforming device provided in this application achieves the same beneficial effects as the hybrid beamforming method described in the aforementioned embodiments. Other technical features of the hybrid beamforming device are the same as those disclosed in the aforementioned embodiments and are not further detailed here.

[0173] The present application provides a hybrid beamforming device, which includes: at least one processor; and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the hybrid beamforming method in the above-mentioned embodiment 1.

[0174] Reference below Figure 5 , which shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a hybrid beamforming device suitable for implementing embodiments of the present application. The hybrid beamforming device in the embodiments of the present application may include, but is not limited to, mobile terminals such as mobile phones, laptop computers, digital broadcast receivers, PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants), PADs (Portable Application Descriptions), PMPs (Portable Media Players), and in-vehicle terminals (e.g., in-vehicle navigation terminals), as well as fixed terminals such as digital TVs and desktop computers. Figure 5 The hybrid beamforming device shown is only an example and should not limit the functions and scope of use of the embodiments of the present application.

[0175] like Figure 5 As shown, the hybrid beamforming device may include a processing device 1001 (e.g., a central processing unit, a graphics processing unit, etc.), which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory 1002 or a program loaded from a storage device 1003 into a random access memory 1004. The random access memory 1004 also stores various programs and data required for the operation of the hybrid beamforming device. The processing device 1001, the read-only memory 1002, and the random access memory 1004 are interconnected via a bus 1005. An input / output interface 1006 is also connected to the bus. Typically, the following systems may be connected to the input / output interface 1006: an input device 1007 including, for example, a touchscreen, touchpad, keyboard, mouse, image sensor, microphone, accelerometer, gyroscope, etc.; an output device 1008 including, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD), speaker, vibrator, etc.; a storage device 1003 including, for example, a magnetic tape or hard disk; and a communication device 1009. Communication device 1009 may allow the hybrid beamforming device to communicate wirelessly or wired with other devices to exchange data. Although the figure shows a hybrid beamforming device with various systems, it should be understood that it is not required to implement or have all of the systems shown. More or fewer systems may alternatively be implemented or have.

[0176] In particular, according to the embodiments disclosed in the present application, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, the embodiments disclosed in the present application include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program comprising program code for executing the method shown in the flowchart. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication device, or installed from a storage device 1003, or installed from a read-only memory 1002. When the computer program is executed by the processing device 1001, the above-mentioned functions defined in the method of the embodiment disclosed in the present application are performed.

[0177] The hybrid beamforming device provided in this application, utilizing the hybrid beamforming method described in the aforementioned embodiments, can address the technical issues of high power consumption, hardware overhead, and cost associated with phase shifters in existing hybrid digital-analog beamforming technologies. Compared to existing technologies, the hybrid beamforming device provided in this application achieves the same beneficial effects as the hybrid beamforming method described in the aforementioned embodiments. Other technical features of this hybrid beamforming device are the same as those disclosed in the aforementioned embodiments and are not further elaborated here.

[0178] It should be understood that the various parts disclosed in this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0179] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

[0180] The present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions (ie, a computer program) stored thereon, wherein the computer-readable program instructions are used to execute the hybrid beamforming method in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0181] The computer-readable storage medium provided in this application may be, for example, a USB flash drive, but is not limited to electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared or semiconductor systems, systems or devices, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this embodiment, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, system or device. The program code contained on the computer-readable storage medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to: wires, optical cables, RF (Radio Frequency), etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0182] The computer-readable storage medium may be included in the hybrid beamforming device, or may exist independently without being assembled into the hybrid beamforming device.

[0183] The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs. When the one or more programs are executed by the hybrid beamforming device, the hybrid beamforming device performs the hybrid beamforming method described above.

[0184] Computer program code for performing the operations of the present application may be written in one or more programming languages, or a combination thereof, including object-oriented programming languages such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, and conventional procedural programming languages such as "C" or similar programming languages. The program code may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on the remote computer or server. In cases involving a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., through the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0185] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible implementation architecture, functions and operations of the systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each box in the flowchart or block diagram can represent a module, program segment or part of code, and the module, program segment or part of code contains one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions marked in the box can also occur in an order different from that marked in the accompanying drawings. For example, two boxes represented in succession can actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they can sometimes be executed in the opposite order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each box in the block diagram and / or flowchart, as well as the combination of boxes in the block diagram and / or flowchart, can be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or can be implemented using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0186] The modules described in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented in software or hardware, wherein the name of a module does not necessarily limit the unit itself.

[0187] The computer-readable storage medium provided herein stores computer-readable program instructions (i.e., a computer program) for executing the hybrid beamforming method described above. This computer-readable storage medium can address the technical issues of high power consumption, hardware overhead, and cost associated with phase shifters in existing hybrid digital-analog beamforming technologies. Compared to existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium provided herein are similar to those of the hybrid beamforming method provided in the aforementioned embodiments and are not further elaborated here.

[0188] The above description is only part of the embodiments of the present application and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. All equivalent structural transformations made by using the contents of the present application specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present application, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A hybrid beamforming method, characterized in that: The hybrid beamforming method comprises: Precoding a digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted using a digital baseband beamforming matrix based on a baseband processor to generate a baseband digital precoded symbol stream; Modulating the baseband digital precoded symbol stream through corresponding radio frequency links to obtain radio frequency signals corresponding to the number of radio frequency links, wherein each radio frequency link is connected to an electrically controlled passive array through an impedance matching network; When each of the radio frequency signals is input into the corresponding electrically controlled passive array, a simulated beam having a directional radiation pattern is generated according to the electrically controlled passive array simulated beamforming matrix.

2. The hybrid beamforming method according to claim 1, wherein: The electrically controlled passive array includes an active unit connected to a single radio frequency link, and a plurality of parasitic units coupled via adjustable passive loads; The step of generating a simulated beam having a directional radiation pattern according to the simulated beamforming matrix of the electrically controlled passive array when each of the radio frequency signals is input into the corresponding electrically controlled passive array comprises: When each of the radio frequency signals is input into the active unit through the impedance matching network, determining the mutual coupling between the active unit and each of the parasitic units; Acquiring a target radiation pattern, and determining adjustment information of the electrically controlled passive array analog beamforming matrix based on the target radiation pattern and the mutual coupling condition; The passive load parameters of the parasitic unit are regulated by a first controller according to the adjustment information to generate a simulated beam with a directional radiation pattern.

3. The hybrid beamforming method according to claim 1, wherein: Before the step of modulating the baseband digital precoded symbol stream through the corresponding radio frequency link to obtain radio frequency signals corresponding to the number of links of the radio frequency link, the method further includes: adjusting a variable load of each adjustable passive element in the impedance matching network based on a second controller; The impedance of the electrically controlled passive array and the radio frequency link are matched according to the variable load.

4. The hybrid beamforming method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: Before the step of precoding the digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted by the baseband processor through the digital baseband beamforming matrix to generate the baseband digital precoded symbol stream, the method further includes: Obtaining status information of a preset communication channel; Based on maximizing spectral efficiency, an optimization goal is set to minimize the distance between the optimal beamformer and the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer, wherein the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer includes a digital baseband beamformer and an electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer; setting an initial digital baseband beamformer and an initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer according to the state information; The initial digital baseband beamformer and the initial electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer are optimized by an alternating optimization algorithm based on an optimization target to obtain the digital baseband beamforming matrix and the electrically steerable passive array analog beamforming matrix.

5. The hybrid beamforming method according to claim 4, wherein: The step of setting an initial digital baseband beamformer and an initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer according to the state information comprises: determining an original digital beamformer and an original analog beamformer according to the state information, wherein the original digital beamformer and the original analog beamformer are generated by an original hybrid beamforming scheme; using the original digital beamformer as an initial digital baseband beamformer; determining the beam direction of each phase shifter subarray in the original analog beamformer; verifying the similarity between the beam direction and the radiation pattern of the initial electrically controlled passive array simulated beamformer using a correlation coefficient, and maximizing the correlation coefficient based on the similarity to establish an unconstrained optimization model; The unconstrained optimization model is processed by the quasi-Newton method to obtain a target stationary point, and an adjustable passive load matrix of the electrically controlled passive array is initialized according to the target stationary point to obtain an initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer.

6. The hybrid beamforming method according to claim 4, wherein: The step of optimizing the initial digital baseband beamformer and the initial electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer by an alternating optimization algorithm based on the optimization objective to obtain the digital baseband beamforming matrix and the electrically steerable passive array analog beamforming matrix includes: The initial digital baseband beamformer is fixed, and an adjustable passive load matrix of the initial electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer is optimized to obtain a current electrically controlled passive array analog beamformer; Fixing the current electronically controlled passive array analog beamformer, and optimizing the initial digital baseband beamformer using a semidefinite relaxation method to obtain a current digital baseband beamformer; calculating a target distance between the optimal beamformer and the electrically steerable passive array hybrid beamformer based on the current digital baseband beamformer and the current electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer; If the target distance does not converge, updating the current digital baseband beamformer and the current electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer to the initial digital baseband beamformer and the initial electrically steerable passive array analog beamformer, and returning to the step of fixing the initial digital baseband beamformer; If the target distance is converged, the current digital baseband beamformer and the current electrically steerable passive array analog beam are used as the digital baseband beamforming matrix and the electrically steerable passive array analog beamforming matrix.

7. The hybrid beamforming method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: After the step of generating a simulated beam having a directional radiation pattern according to the simulated beamforming matrix of the electrically controlled passive array when each of the radio frequency signals is input into the corresponding electrically controlled passive array, the method further includes: Determining channel information between the simulated beam and a receiving end; A beam space channel model is established according to the channel information, and the simulated beam is transmitted according to the beam space channel model.

8. A hybrid beamforming device, characterized in that The device comprises: A digital beamforming module is used to precode the digital baseband symbol stream to be transmitted through a digital baseband beamforming matrix based on the baseband processor to generate a baseband digital precoded symbol stream; a link transmission module, configured to modulate the baseband digital precoded symbol stream through a corresponding radio frequency link to obtain a radio frequency signal corresponding to the number of radio frequency links, wherein each radio frequency link is connected to an electrically controlled passive array through an impedance matching network; The simulated beam module is used to generate a simulated beam with a directional radiation pattern according to the simulated beam forming matrix of the electrically controlled passive array when each of the radio frequency signals is input into the corresponding electrically controlled passive array.

9. A hybrid beamforming device, characterized in that The device comprises: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the computer program is configured to implement the steps of the hybrid beamforming method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A storage medium, characterized in that: The storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, and a computer program is stored on the storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the hybrid beamforming method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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