Soil improvement organic fertilizer and its application in sandy soil improvement

Abstract

This invention discloses a soil-improving organic fertilizer and its application in sandy soil improvement, belonging to the field of sandy soil improvement technology. The soil-improving organic fertilizer of this invention, by weight, comprises 50-150 parts bentonite, 100-300 parts biomass fertilizer, 850-950 parts composted straw, 15-25 parts anionic polyacrylamide, 285-295 parts urea, and 125-130 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The biomass fertilizer is obtained by fermenting a mixture of fungal residue and horse manure. The soil-improving fertilizer prepared by this invention can effectively improve the granular structure of sandy soil, reduce its bulk density, and enhance its water and fertilizer retention capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a soil-improving organic fertilizer and its application in improving sandy soil. Background Technology

[0002] Sandy soils, due to their high sand content and low clay content, exhibit significant defects in their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Firstly, the lack of aggregate structure results in loose soil particles with a high proportion of large pores, making it difficult to form stable soil aggregates and leading to structural deterioration. This structural problem not only reduces soil stability but also makes it prone to collapse under the influence of water or external forces, affecting the development and growth of crop roots.

[0003] Secondly, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity is another major problem with sandy soils. Due to the large soil particles, water infiltration is rapid, with evaporation loss exceeding 70%. Simultaneously, the weak cation exchange capacity prevents effective nutrient adsorption, leading to significant loss of key nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus with water, often resulting in utilization rates of less than 30%. This not only increases fertilizer input costs but also poses a potential threat to the ecological environment.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, several improvement measures have been attempted. For example, the "imported soil mixed with clay" method improves soil structure by introducing clay. While it can enhance soil water retention and aggregate stability in the short term, its high cost (over 2,000 yuan per mu) and damage to the native ecosystem limit its large-scale promotion.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a soil improvement technology that can effectively improve the aggregate structure of sandy soil, reduce bulk density, and enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity, while also being environmentally friendly, economically feasible, and ecologically sustainable. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a soil-improving organic fertilizer and its application in sandy soil improvement, so as to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] The technical solution to achieve the objective of this invention is:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a soil-improving organic fertilizer, wherein the soil-improving organic fertilizer, by mass parts, comprises 50-150 parts bentonite, 100-300 parts biomass fertilizer, 850-950 parts decomposed straw, 15-25 parts water-retaining agent, 8-12 parts urea, and 0.3-0.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0009] Furthermore, the bentonite is obtained by mixing calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a mass ratio of 1 to 3:1.

[0010] Furthermore, the calcium-based bentonite has a pH of 7.11–7.30, contains 58.72–64.85% silica, 17.03–18.9% alumina, 6.81–8.29% iron oxide, 5.07–5.33% calcium oxide, 1.7–2.76% magnesium oxide, has an expansion volume of 5.8–6.5 mL / g, and a colloidal value of 38–45 mL / g.

[0011] Furthermore, the sodium-based bentonite has a colloidal value of 51–53 mL / g, an expansion volume of 56–57 mL / g, a swelling value of 21–23 mL / g, and contains 68–68.4% silicon dioxide, 7.07–7.11% aluminum oxide, 0.68–0.7% calcium oxide, 2.72–2.74% magnesium oxide, 1.07–1.09% potassium oxide, 3.43–3.47% sodium oxide, 2.45–2.49% ferric oxide, and 0.22–0.24% titanium dioxide.

[0012] Furthermore, the biomass fertilizer is obtained by mixing mushroom residue and horse manure at a mass ratio of 7:2 to 4 and then composting and fermenting for at least 60 days.

[0013] Furthermore, the biomass fertilizer has a readily available potassium content of 34–35 mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 16–17 mg / kg, and an alkaline-available nitrogen content of 51–52 mg / kg.

[0014] Furthermore, the straw undergoing the composting treatment is obtained by air-drying the straw and then shredding it using a straw shredder; 5 parts by weight of composting agent are first activated with 500 parts by weight of water for 23-25 ​​hours, then diluted with 150,000 parts by weight of water, 50,000 parts by weight of shredded straw are added, followed by 37-38 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate, and the mixture is thoroughly mixed. The mixture is then composted at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C for 28-30 days.

[0015] Furthermore, the straw is obtained by mixing wheat straw, corn straw, and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:2 to 4:1 to 3.

[0016] Furthermore, the water-retaining agent is anionic polyacrylamide with a molecular weight of 10 million.

[0017] The second aspect is the application of a soil-improving organic fertilizer as described in the first aspect, wherein the amount of the soil-improving organic fertilizer is 45-55 kg / mu.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The present invention adds bentonite, biomass fertilizer, decomposed straw and water-retaining agent to soil-improving organic fertilizer, which can synergistically improve the aggregate structure of sandy soil, reduce the bulk density of sandy soil and enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0020] (2) The bentonite of the present invention is obtained by mixing calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a mass ratio of 1 to 3:1, which can effectively improve soil structure, reduce bulk density and enhance water and fertilizer retention capacity; specifically, calcium-based bentonite, due to its strong viscosity and large particle size, can act as a "skeleton" to wrap sand particles and through Ca 2+ The electrostatic effect of sodium bentonite promotes the formation of micro-aggregates; while sodium-based bentonite, due to its excellent dispersibility and finer (even nanoscale) particle size, can fill the pores that calcium-based bentonite cannot cover, further enhancing the stability of the aggregate structure; when sodium-based bentonite comes into contact with water, the Na+ in the interlayer... + Rapid hydration and expansion effectively compress the voids between sand grains, forming a more stable pore structure. This ensures the mixture possesses both sufficient binding force and excellent dispersion and filling properties, overcoming the limitations of single-type bentonite, such as the tendency of calcium-based bentonite to caking and the excessive dispersion of sodium-based bentonite. Furthermore, sodium-based bentonite can expand 20-30 times in volume after absorbing water, significantly filling the large pores between sand grains and reducing soil porosity. In the improved soil, loose sand grains are integrated into denser units, increasing the solid content per unit volume and thus reducing soil bulk density. Bentonite has a high specific surface area, enabling it to strongly adsorb water molecules through hydrogen bonds. Simultaneously, its interlayer spacing expands upon contact with water, forming "miniature reservoirs" that provide additional water storage capacity for the soil. The improved aggregate structure also forms capillary pores, enhancing water retention capacity. Bentonite's cation exchange capacity is far greater than that of other materials, enabling it to adsorb K+ through interlayer charge. + NH4 + The isonutrient ions are released slowly along the soil solution concentration gradient, significantly reducing nutrient leaching.

[0021] (2) This invention produces biomass fertilizer by adding a mixture of mushroom residue and horse manure at a mass ratio of 7:2-4, followed by composting and fermentation for at least 60 days. Firstly, my country produces a large amount of mushroom residue annually, which is rich in organic matter and carbon and nitrogen nutrients that plants can directly absorb. By combining this with horse manure, a common source of organic fertilizer, fermentation not only solves the problem of mushroom residue disposal but also provides an economical and environmentally friendly new material for soil improvement. This biomass fertilizer can significantly improve the aggregate structure of sandy soil, increase the proportion of aggregates with a particle size greater than 0.25 mm, making soil particles more stable, and simultaneously improving soil aeration and permeability. Furthermore, this fertilizer can effectively reduce... Its low soil bulk density makes it looser and more porous, which is conducive to root growth and expansion, and enhances the efficiency of water and nutrient absorption. It can also improve the soil's water retention capacity by improving soil porosity, ensuring that water is both stored and not easily lost, maintaining a stable water supply. Moreover, the organic matter in biomass fertilizer can adsorb and fix nutrient molecules in the soil, reducing nutrient leaching and loss. At the same time, nutrients are slowly released during microbial decomposition, improving the soil's fertility and promoting crop yield and quality. This method can also regulate soil pH, enhance soil buffering capacity, increase enzyme activity, accelerate nutrient cycling, and further improve soil fertility and productivity.

[0022] (3) This invention also adds decomposed straw, wherein the low molecular weight humic substances released by the decomposed straw have a complementary effect with the water-retaining agent high molecular weight polyacrylamide. The humic substances preferentially adhere to the micro-aggregates, while the polyacrylamide mainly connects the large aggregates. The synergistic effect of the two significantly increases the number of soil aggregates. The substances produced by the straw during the decomposition process are combined with bentonite, mainly montmorillonite, through cation bridges to form a structurally stable organic-inorganic composite colloidal layered aluminosilicate, which provides a solid material basis for the aggregate structure. At the same time, the straw fiber plays a skeletal support role, reducing the close packing between soil particles, thereby reducing the soil bulk density. The humic substances in the decomposed straw can also effectively increase the soil organic matter content and humification coefficient, thereby enhancing the soil's water-holding capacity. In addition, the decomposed straw can also increase the soil cation exchange capacity. The aggregate structure provides more adsorption sites for nutrient ions. Since the sandy soil itself has a low clay content, the addition of decomposed straw can not only directly provide potassium, but also improve the soil's fertilizer retention performance.

[0023] (4) The straw of this invention is obtained by mixing wheat straw, corn straw, and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:2 to 4:1 to 3. This invention uses wheat straw, corn straw, and rapeseed straw mixed in a mass ratio of 5:2 to 4:1 to 3 and then composted before being applied to sandy soil. Among them, wheat straw has coarse and hard fibers and decomposes slowly, providing long-term physical support, effectively expanding the soil pore network and maintaining structural stability. Its coarse fibers significantly expand large pores, resulting in the largest decrease in soil bulk density. Corn straw has a high cellulose content, and after composting, it forms a large amount of humus, which enhances the cementing ability, increases the content of organic colloids, promotes the formation of large aggregates, and at the same time, humus fills micropores and transforms ineffective pores into capillary pores. Rapeseed straw has a high cellulose content, which forms a large amount of humus after composting, enhancing the cementing ability, increasing the content of organic colloids, promoting the formation of large aggregates, and filling micropores and converting ineffective pores into capillary pores. Straw is rich in phosphorus-activating substances such as organic acids, which reduces the risk of phosphorus fixation. It decomposes rapidly, releasing nutrients in a short period and quickly activating soil phosphorus, improving fertilization capacity. Its rapid decomposition also increases organic matter content and loosens the soil. The specific ratio of 5:2 to 4:1 to 3 balances the long-term structural stability of wheat straw, the cementing ability of corn straw, and the quick-acting nutrient activation effect of rapeseed straw, avoiding the functional limitations of single straws. For example, using only rapeseed straw may lead to insufficient structural support. In addition, corn straw humus, due to its moderate molecular weight, can form hydrogen bonds with polyacrylamide, thereby connecting micro-aggregates to form large aggregates. Wheat straw fiber acts as a "skeleton" embedded in the aggregates, significantly enhancing the resistance to breakage.

[0024] (5) After adding anionic polyacrylamide as a water-retaining agent, the polyacrylamide can be affinity-adsorbed with soil particles through its amide groups, thereby forming a hydrogen bond network, covering the surface of the aggregates and generating a protective film, effectively preventing the dispersion of fine particles; at the same time, the hydrophilic groups in the polyacrylamide bind water molecules through hydrogen bonds to form "water inside the mesh", thereby limiting the loss of water; in addition, its polymer network structure can also adsorb ions and gradually and slowly release them into the soil. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To better understand the above technical solution, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solution in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0026] Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0027] The following embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Calcium-based bentonite; the pH of calcium-based bentonite is 7.11, containing 58.72% silica, 18.95% alumina, 6.81% iron oxide, 5.07% calcium oxide, and 2.76% magnesium oxide, with an expansion volume of 5.8 mL / g and a colloidal value of 38 mL / g.

[0029] The sodium-based bentonite has a colloidal value of 52.0 mL / g, a swelling capacity of 57.0 mL / g, a swelling value of 22 mL / g, and contains 68.2% silicon dioxide, 7.09% aluminum oxide, 0.69% calcium oxide, 2.73% magnesium oxide, 1.08% potassium oxide, 3.45% sodium oxide, 2.47% ferric oxide, and 0.23% titanium dioxide.

[0030] The substrate residue has a pH of 6.6 and contains 38.5% organic matter, 32% total carbon, 1.3% total nitrogen, 22.2% lignin, 12.8% cellulose, and 8.5% hemicellulose.

[0031] Wheat straw: Total nitrogen 122 g·kg -1 Total phosphorus 0.91 g·kg -1 Total potassium 18.53 g·kg -1 Organic matter 674.52 g·kg -1 ;

[0032] Rapeseed straw: 0.49 g·kg total nitrogen -1 Total phosphorus 1.31 g·kg -1 Total potassium 25.84 g·kg -1 Organic matter 730.31 g·kg -1 ;

[0033] Corn stalks: 0.73 g·kg total nitrogen -1 Total phosphorus 0.83 g·kg -1 Total potassium 8.07 g·kg -1 Organic matter 772.57 g·kg -1 ;

[0034] The composting agent was purchased from Sichuan Chengdu Synthetic Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0035] The water-retaining agent is anionic polyacrylamide with a molecular weight of 10 million and a degree of hydrolysis of 30%.

[0036] (Example 1)

[0037] A soil-improving organic fertilizer, wherein the raw material components, by mass parts, include 50 parts bentonite, 100 parts biomass fertilizer, 950 parts decomposed straw, 15 parts water-retaining agent, 8 parts urea, and 0.3 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0038] The bentonite is obtained by mixing calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0039] The biomass fertilizer is obtained by mixing mushroom residue and horse manure at a mass ratio of 7:3 and then composting and fermenting the mixture for 60 days.

[0040] The biomass fertilizer has a readily available potassium content of 34.67 mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 16.82 mg / kg, and an alkaline-available nitrogen content of 51.91 mg / kg.

[0041] The straw undergoing the composting process is obtained by air-drying the straw and then shredding it using a straw shredder. 5 parts by weight of a composting agent are first activated with 500 parts by weight of water for 24 hours, then diluted with 150,000 parts by weight of water. 50,000 parts by weight of the shredded straw are then added, followed by 37 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate. The mixture is then thoroughly mixed and composted at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C for 30 days.

[0042] The straw is obtained by mixing wheat straw, corn straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:2:3.

[0043] (Example 2)

[0044] A soil-improving organic fertilizer, wherein the raw material components, by mass parts, include 100 parts bentonite, 200 parts biomass fertilizer, 900 parts decomposed straw, 20 parts water-retaining agent, 10 parts urea, and 0.4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0045] The bentonite is obtained by mixing calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0046] The biomass fertilizer is obtained by mixing mushroom residue and horse manure at a mass ratio of 7:3 and then composting and fermenting the mixture for 60 days.

[0047] The biomass fertilizer has a readily available potassium content of 34.67 mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 16.82 mg / kg, and an alkaline-available nitrogen content of 51.91 mg / kg.

[0048] The decomposed straw is obtained by air-drying the straw and then shredding it with a straw shredder. 5 parts by weight of the decomposing agent are first activated with 500 parts by weight of water for 24 hours, then diluted with 150,000 parts by weight of water, and then 50,000 parts by weight of the shredded straw are added. Next, 37.5 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate are added and mixed evenly. The mixture is then decomposed at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C for 30 days.

[0049] The straw is obtained by mixing wheat straw, corn straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:3:2.

[0050] (Example 3)

[0051] A soil-improving organic fertilizer, wherein the raw material components, by mass parts, include 150 parts bentonite, 300 parts biomass fertilizer, 850 parts decomposed straw, 25 parts water-retaining agent, 12 parts urea, and 0.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0052] The bentonite is obtained by mixing calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0053] The biomass fertilizer is obtained by mixing mushroom residue and horse manure at a mass ratio of 7:3 and then composting and fermenting the mixture for 60 days.

[0054] The biomass fertilizer has a readily available potassium content of 34.67 mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 16.82 mg / kg, and an alkaline-available nitrogen content of 51.91 mg / kg.

[0055] The straw undergoing the composting process is obtained by air-drying the straw and then shredding it using a straw shredder. 5 parts by weight of a composting agent are first activated with 500 parts by weight of water for 24 hours, then diluted with 150,000 parts by weight of water. 50,000 parts by weight of the shredded straw are then added, followed by 38 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate. The mixture is then fermented at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C for 30 days.

[0056] The straw is obtained by mixing wheat straw, corn straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:4:1.

[0057] (Comparative Example 1)

[0058] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 is that no biomass fertilizer was added to Comparative Example 1;

[0059] A soil-improving organic fertilizer, wherein the raw material components, by mass parts, include 100 parts bentonite, 900 parts decomposed straw, 20 parts water-retaining agent, 10 parts urea, and 0.4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0060] The bentonite is obtained by mixing calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0061] The straw undergoing the composting process is obtained by air-drying the straw and then shredding it using a straw shredder. Five parts by weight of composting agent are first activated with 500 parts by weight of water for 24 hours, then diluted with 150,000 parts by weight of water, and then 50,000 parts by weight of shredded straw are added. The straw is then composted at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C for 30 days.

[0062] The straw is obtained by mixing wheat straw, corn straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:3:2.

[0063] (Comparative Example 2)

[0064] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 is that the bentonite used in Comparative Example 2 is only calcium-based bentonite;

[0065] A soil-improving organic fertilizer, wherein the raw material components, by mass parts, include 100 parts bentonite, 200 parts biomass fertilizer, 900 parts decomposed straw, 20 parts water-retaining agent, 10 parts urea, and 0.4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0066] The bentonite is calcium-based bentonite.

[0067] The biomass fertilizer is obtained by mixing mushroom residue and horse manure at a mass ratio of 7:3 and then composting and fermenting the mixture for 60 days.

[0068] The biomass fertilizer has a readily available potassium content of 34.67 mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 16.82 mg / kg, and an alkaline-available nitrogen content of 51.91 mg / kg.

[0069] The decomposed straw is obtained by air-drying the straw and then shredding it with a straw shredder. 5 parts by weight of the decomposing agent are first activated with 500 parts by weight of water for 24 hours, then diluted with 150,000 parts by weight of water, and then 50,000 parts by weight of the shredded straw are added. Next, 37.5 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate are added and mixed evenly. The mixture is then decomposed at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C for 30 days.

[0070] The straw is obtained by mixing wheat straw, corn straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:3:2.

[0071] (Comparative Example 3)

[0072] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 2 is that the bentonite used in Comparative Example 3 is only sodium-based bentonite;

[0073] A soil-improving organic fertilizer, wherein the raw material components, by mass parts, include 100 parts bentonite, 200 parts biomass fertilizer, 900 parts decomposed straw, 20 parts water-retaining agent, 10 parts urea, and 0.4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0074] The bentonite is sodium-based bentonite.

[0075] The biomass fertilizer is obtained by mixing mushroom residue and horse manure at a mass ratio of 7:3 and then composting and fermenting the mixture for 60 days.

[0076] The biomass fertilizer has a readily available potassium content of 34.67 mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 16.82 mg / kg, and an alkaline-available nitrogen content of 51.91 mg / kg.

[0077] The decomposed straw is obtained by air-drying the straw and then shredding it with a straw shredder. 5 parts by weight of the decomposing agent are first activated with 500 parts by weight of water for 24 hours, then diluted with 150,000 parts by weight of water, and then 50,000 parts by weight of the shredded straw are added. Next, 37.5 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate are added and mixed evenly. The mixture is then decomposed at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C for 30 days.

[0078] The straw is obtained by mixing wheat straw, corn straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:3:2.

[0079] (Comparative Example 4)

[0080] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 2 is that the straw in Comparative Example 4 was obtained by mixing wheat straw and corn straw in a mass ratio of 5:5;

[0081] A soil-improving organic fertilizer, wherein the raw material components, by mass parts, include 100 parts bentonite, 200 parts biomass fertilizer, 900 parts decomposed straw, 20 parts water-retaining agent, 10 parts urea, and 0.4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0082] The bentonite is obtained by mixing calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0083] The biomass fertilizer is obtained by mixing mushroom residue and horse manure at a mass ratio of 7:3 and then composting and fermenting the mixture for 60 days.

[0084] The biomass fertilizer has a readily available potassium content of 34.67 mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 16.82 mg / kg, and an alkaline-available nitrogen content of 51.91 mg / kg.

[0085] The decomposed straw is obtained by air-drying the straw and then shredding it with a straw shredder. 5 parts by weight of the decomposing agent are first activated with 500 parts by weight of water for 24 hours, then diluted with 150,000 parts by weight of water, and then 50,000 parts by weight of the shredded straw are added. Next, 37.5 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate are added and mixed evenly. The mixture is then decomposed at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C for 30 days.

[0086] The straw is obtained by mixing wheat straw and corn straw in a mass ratio of 5:5.

[0087] (Comparative Example 5)

[0088] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 2 is that the straw in Comparative Example 5 was obtained by mixing wheat straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:5;

[0089] A soil-improving organic fertilizer, wherein the raw material components, by mass parts, include 100 parts bentonite, 200 parts biomass fertilizer, 900 parts decomposed straw, 20 parts water-retaining agent, 10 parts urea, and 0.4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0090] The bentonite is obtained by mixing calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0091] The biomass fertilizer is obtained by mixing mushroom residue and horse manure at a mass ratio of 7:3 and then composting and fermenting the mixture for 60 days.

[0092] The biomass fertilizer has a readily available potassium content of 34.67 mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 16.82 mg / kg, and an alkaline-available nitrogen content of 51.91 mg / kg.

[0093] The decomposed straw is obtained by air-drying the straw and then shredding it with a straw shredder. 5 parts by weight of the decomposing agent are first activated with 500 parts by weight of water for 24 hours, then diluted with 150,000 parts by weight of water, and then 50,000 parts by weight of the shredded straw are added. Next, 37.5 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate are added and mixed evenly. The mixture is then decomposed at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C for 30 days.

[0094] The straw is obtained by mixing wheat straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:5.

[0095] (Comparative Example 6)

[0096] The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 2 is that the straw in Comparative Example 6 was obtained by mixing corn straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:5;

[0097] A soil-improving organic fertilizer, wherein the raw material components, by mass parts, include 100 parts bentonite, 200 parts biomass fertilizer, 900 parts decomposed straw, 20 parts water-retaining agent, 10 parts urea, and 0.4 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0098] The bentonite is obtained by mixing calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a mass ratio of 2:1.

[0099] The biomass fertilizer is obtained by mixing mushroom residue and horse manure at a mass ratio of 7:3 and then composting and fermenting the mixture for 60 days.

[0100] The biomass fertilizer has a readily available potassium content of 34.67 mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 16.82 mg / kg, and an alkaline-available nitrogen content of 51.91 mg / kg.

[0101] The decomposed straw is obtained by air-drying the straw and then shredding it with a straw shredder. 5 parts by weight of the decomposing agent are first activated with 500 parts by weight of water for 24 hours, then diluted with 150,000 parts by weight of water, and then 50,000 parts by weight of the shredded straw are added. Next, 37.5 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate are added and mixed evenly. The mixture is then decomposed at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C for 30 days.

[0102] The straw is obtained by mixing corn straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:5.

[0103] (Example of the effect)

[0104] On March 12, 2024, ten adjacent experimental plots of sandy soil farmland in Zhanggutai Town, Zhangwu County, Fuxin City, Liaoning Province were selected as the target for improvement. Wheat was planted on the plots. Three plots were treated with soil-improving organic fertilizers according to Examples 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Six plots were treated with soil-improving organic fertilizers according to Comparative Examples 1 to 6, respectively. The tenth plot was not fertilized and served as a blank control. The application rate of soil-improving organic fertilizer was 50 kg / mu, and it was applied as basal fertilizer when wheat was planted. Sixty days after fertilization, the changes in nutrients such as N and K in the soil at a depth of 30 cm and the changes in soil physical properties (particle size and aggregate structure) were measured. The wheat yield was measured at harvest.

[0105] Table 1 below shows the soil performance data and wheat yield data for Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-4, and the blank example:

[0106] Table 1

[0107]

[0108] Table 1 above shows that applying the soil-improving organic fertilizers of Examples 1-3 can effectively improve the aggregate structure of sandy soil and enhance the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0109] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 2 is that no biomass fertilizer was added in Comparative Example 1; this resulted in K + The concentration of wheat decreased from 135 mg / kg to 85 mg / kg (a decrease of approximately 37%), the pellet ratio decreased from 56% to 32% (a decrease of approximately 43%), and the wheat yield decreased from 370 kg / mu to 195 kg / mu (a decrease of approximately 47%).

[0110] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 2 is that Comparative Example 2 used only calcium-based bentonite; this resulted in K + The concentration decreased from 135 mg / kg to 90 mg / kg (a decrease of about 33%), the pellet ratio decreased from 56% to 35% (a decrease of about 38%), and the wheat yield decreased from 370 kg / mu to 210 kg / mu (a decrease of about 43%).

[0111] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 2 is that Comparative Example 3 used only sodium-based bentonite; this resulted in K + The concentration decreased from 135 mg / kg to 80 mg / kg (a decrease of about 41%), the pellet ratio decreased from 56% to 30% (a decrease of about 46%), and the wheat yield decreased from 370 kg / mu to 180 kg / mu (a decrease of about 51%).

[0112] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 2 is that the straw in Comparative Example 4 was obtained by mixing wheat straw and corn straw in a mass ratio of 5:5; this resulted in K + The concentration decreased from 135 mg / kg to 75 mg / kg (a decrease of about 44%), the pellet ratio decreased from 56% to 28% (a decrease of about 50%), and the wheat yield decreased from 370 kg / mu to 170 kg / mu (a decrease of about 54%).

[0113] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 2 is that the straw in Comparative Example 5 was obtained by mixing wheat straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:5; this resulted in K + The concentration decreased from 135 mg / kg to 78 mg / kg (a decrease of approximately 42%), the pellet ratio decreased from 56% to 29% (a decrease of approximately 48%), and the wheat yield decreased from 370 kg / mu to 175 kg / mu (a decrease of approximately 53%).

[0114] The difference between Comparative Example 6 and Example 2 is that the straw in Comparative Example 6 was obtained by mixing corn straw and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:5; this resulted in a decrease in K+ concentration from 135 mg / kg to 95 mg / kg (a decrease of about 30%), a decrease in pellet ratio from 56% to 38% (a decrease of about 32%), and a decrease in wheat yield from 370 kg / mu to 230 kg / mu (a decrease of about 38%).

[0115] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil-improving organic fertilizer, characterized in that, The soil-improving organic fertilizer, by weight, comprises 50-150 parts bentonite, 100-300 parts biomass fertilizer, 850-950 parts composted straw, 15-25 parts water-retaining agent, 8-12 parts urea, and 0.3-0.5 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the bentonite is obtained by mixing calcium-based bentonite and sodium-based bentonite in a weight ratio of 1-3:1; the composted straw is obtained by air-drying the straw and then using straw... The straw is shredded using a straw shredder to obtain shredded straw; 5 parts by weight of composting agent are first activated with 500 parts by weight of water for 23-25 ​​hours, then diluted with 150,000 parts by weight of water, 50,000 parts by weight of shredded straw are added, followed by 37-38 parts by weight of ammonium bicarbonate, and mixed evenly. The mixture is then composted at an ambient temperature of at least 20°C for 28-30 days. The straw is obtained by mixing wheat straw, corn straw, and rapeseed straw in a mass ratio of 5:2-4:1-3.

2. The soil improvement organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calcium-based bentonite has a pH of 7.11–7.30, contains 58.72–64.85% silica, 17.03–18.9% alumina, 6.81–8.29% iron oxide, 5.07–5.33% calcium oxide, and 1.7–2.76% magnesium oxide, has an expansion volume of 5.8–6.5 mL / g, and a colloidal value of 38–45 mL / g.

3. The soil improvement organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sodium-based bentonite has a colloidal value of 51–53 mL / g, an expansion volume of 56–57 mL / g, a swelling value of 21–23 mL / g, and contains 68–68.4% silicon dioxide, 7.07–7.11% aluminum oxide, 0.68–0.7% calcium oxide, 2.72–2.74% magnesium oxide, 1.07–1.09% potassium oxide, 3.43–3.47% sodium oxide, 2.45–2.49% ferric oxide, and 0.22–0.24% titanium dioxide.

4. The soil improvement organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomass fertilizer is obtained by mixing mushroom residue and horse manure at a mass ratio of 7:2 to 4 and then composting and fermenting for at least 60 days.

5. The soil improvement organic fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The biomass fertilizer has a readily available potassium content of 34–35 mg / kg, an available phosphorus content of 16–17 mg / kg, and an alkaline-available nitrogen content of 51–52 mg / kg.

6. The soil improvement organic fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-retaining agent is anionic polyacrylamide with a molecular weight of 10 million.

7. Use of the soil-improving organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The application rate of the soil-improving organic fertilizer is 45-55 kg / mu.

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