Urinary calculus detection device and method based on laser multispectral in-situ integration

Abstract

The invention relates to a urinary calculus detection device and method based on laser multispectral in-situ integration, and relates to the technical field of urinary calculus detection. The microscopic LIBS mechanism comprises a microscopic objective lens and an LIBS acquisition head, and the microscopic objective lens and the LIBS acquisition head both face the sample platform; a composite light path mechanism; the Raman spectrum generating mechanism is used for generating continuous laser; a Raman spectrum signal sequentially passes through the microscope objective and the composite light path mechanism and then enters the Raman spectrum acquisition mechanism; the LIBS spectrum generating mechanism is used for generating pulse laser; an LIBS spectrum acquisition mechanism, wherein an LIBS acquisition head is used for acquiring an LIBS spectrum signal and inputting the LIBS spectrum signal into the LIBS spectrum acquisition mechanism; the device further comprises a control analysis mechanism. According to the invention, early screening of urinary calculi can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of urinary tract stone detection, and in particular to a device and method for urinary tract stone detection based on laser multispectral in situ integrated system. Background Technology

[0002] Urinary tract stones are a common urinary tract disease, and their extremely high incidence and recurrence rate impose a heavy economic burden on patients and society.

[0003] Currently, computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used in clinical practice to diagnose urinary tract stones, allowing for early screening. However, CT scans lack specificity in distinguishing stones with different chemical compositions; for example, they have difficulty differentiating between calcium oxalate stones and infectious stones.

[0004] Because existing methods for analyzing the composition of urinary tract stones can usually only be performed after the patient has undergone surgery and the stones have been removed, it is impossible to accurately detect the composition of urinary tract stones before surgery. Consequently, it is difficult to provide guidance for the formulation of treatment plans before surgery. Therefore, the analysis of the composition of urinary tract stones currently has a significant lag.

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the aforementioned technologies, and given the richness of urine metabolism and ease of collection, analyzing stone information by detecting urine biomarkers has become an attractive non-invasive solution. However, the current detection of urinary system stone components based on urine mainly relies on the 24-hour urine test method. This method requires continuous collection of urine over 24 hours to analyze the components within the 24-hour urine, which results in a long testing process and a lack of timeliness in the test results. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This application provides a laser multispectral in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device and method. Its purpose is to use urine samples to achieve early screening of urinary tract stones and to promptly identify the chemical composition and elemental composition of urinary tract stones, so as to determine the type of urinary tract stones in time before surgery and thus provide guidance for the formulation of treatment plans before surgery.

[0007] Firstly, the technical solution of the in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device based on laser multispectral imaging provided in this application is as follows: A laser multispectral in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device includes a sample platform; a microscopic LIBS mechanism, including a microscope objective and a LIBS acquisition head, both facing the sample platform; a composite optical path mechanism; a Raman spectral generator for generating continuous laser light, which passes sequentially through the composite optical path mechanism and the microscope objective before irradiating the sample platform to generate a Raman spectral signal; a Raman spectral acquisition mechanism, where the Raman spectral signal passes sequentially through the microscope objective and the composite optical path mechanism before entering the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism; a LIBS spectral generator for generating pulsed laser light, which passes sequentially through the composite optical path mechanism and the microscope objective before irradiating the sample platform to generate a LIBS spectral signal; and a LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism, where the LIBS acquisition head acquires the LIBS spectral signal and inputs it into the LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism; and a control and analysis mechanism, where the Raman spectral generator, LIBS spectral generator, Raman spectral acquisition mechanism, and LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism are all electrically connected to the control and analysis mechanism.

[0008] By employing the above technical solution, the sample platform is loaded with the sample to be tested. A continuous laser generated by the Raman spectroscopy generator sequentially passes through the composite optical path mechanism and the microscope objective to irradiate the sample on the sample platform, causing the sample to generate a Raman spectral signal. The Raman spectral acquisition mechanism acquires this Raman spectral signal to obtain the molecular composition information of the sample. Similarly, a pulsed laser generated by the LIBS spectroscopy generator sequentially passes through the composite optical path mechanism and the microscope objective to irradiate the sample, causing the sample to generate plasma and thus obtaining a LIBS spectral signal. The LIBS acquisition head acquires this LIBS spectral signal and inputs it into the LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism to obtain the elemental composition information of the sample. The control and analysis mechanism can analyze the acquired two spectral signals to determine the composition of the sample.

[0009] This design can acquire Raman and LIBS spectral signals of the sample to be tested, achieving complementarity between the two signals. This allows the molecular composition and elemental composition information of the sample to be complementary and mutually verified, enabling comprehensive and coordinated detection of the elemental and molecular composition of urinary tract stones. Furthermore, by using the patient's urine sample, it can determine whether the patient has stones and detect the type of stones, thus achieving non-invasive early screening for urinary tract stones.

[0010] Optionally, the microscopic LIBS mechanism further includes a microscope converter, wherein both the microscope objective and the LIBS acquisition head are mounted on the microscope converter, and the focal point of the LIBS acquisition head coincides with the focal point of the microscope objective.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, both the microscope objective and the LIBS acquisition head are set on the microscope converter, and the focal points of the microscope objective and the LIBS acquisition head coincide. This enables synchronous focusing of the microscope objective and the LIBS acquisition head, thereby reducing the focusing difficulty of the detection device and improving the detection efficiency.

[0012] Optionally, the microscope objective is vertically positioned, and the sample platform is positioned below the microscope objective, with the lower end of the microscope objective directly facing the sample platform; a Z-axis driver is provided on the sample platform, which is used to drive the sample platform to move in the vertical direction, and the Z-axis driver is electrically connected to the control and analysis mechanism.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the display objective lens is vertically positioned with its lower end directly facing the sample platform. A Z-axis driver mounted on the sample platform is electrically connected to the control and analysis mechanism, which in turn drives the Z-axis driver to move the sample platform vertically. Based on this design, focusing of the display objective lens can be achieved by adjusting the distance between the sample platform and the display objective lens.

[0014] Since the position of the sample platform is adjusted by the Z-axis driver, the position of the sample platform can be automatically adjusted, which not only reduces the difficulty of focusing the microscope objectives, but also improves the accuracy and efficiency of focusing the microscope objectives.

[0015] Optionally, it also includes an X-axis driver and a Y-axis driver, the X-axis driver, the Y-axis driver and the Z-axis driver are connected in sequence, and the driving directions of the X-axis driver and the Y-axis driver are set perpendicular to each other. The driving directions of the X-axis driver and the Y-axis driver are both set perpendicular to the driving direction of the Z-axis driver. The X-axis driver and the Y-axis driver are both electrically connected to the control and analysis mechanism.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the X-axis driver, Y-axis driver and Z-axis driver are connected in sequence with their driving directions perpendicular to each other, and all are electrically connected to the control and analysis mechanism. The control and analysis mechanism can control the X-axis driver and Y-axis driver to drive the sample platform to move in two dimensions.

[0017] Based on this, when testing the sample, the position of the sample platform is changed so that the microscope objective and LIBS acquisition head are focused on different positions of the sample on the sample platform, thereby realizing multi-point detection of urine samples.

[0018] When the number and density of detection positions are further increased, planar scanning of the sample to be tested can be performed to achieve full-coverage scanning imaging and all-round detection of the sample to be tested, thereby improving the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the detection results. Furthermore, the surface information of solid samples within the sample to be tested can be imaged and scanned to detect the distribution of elements and molecules, which can improve the accuracy of the detection results.

[0019] Optionally, it also includes an autofocus component, wherein the autofocus component, the composite optical path mechanism, and the microscope objective are arranged in sequence; the Raman spectral signal passes through the microscope objective and the composite optical path mechanism in sequence before entering the autofocus component and the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism; the autofocus component is electrically connected to the control and analysis mechanism.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the autofocus component, the compound optical path mechanism, and the microscope objective are arranged in sequence. The Raman spectral signal enters the autofocus component and the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism respectively after passing through the microscope objective and the compound optical path mechanism.

[0021] Based on this, when the Raman spectral signal passes through the composite optical path mechanism, part of the Raman spectral signal is reflected into the autofocus component, while the other part enters the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism. This will not affect the normal acquisition of the Raman spectral signal and can also provide the autofocus component with the Raman spectral signal.

[0022] When a portion of the Raman spectral signal is reflected into the autofocus assembly, it is automatically imaged within the autofocus assembly. The generated image information is then transmitted to the control and analysis mechanism. The control and analysis mechanism processes the image information to determine the focusing status of the microscope objective and drives the Z-axis driver based on the image information processing results. This adjusts the position of the sample platform, thereby achieving automatic focusing of the microscope objective and the LIBS acquisition head.

[0023] With the cooperation of the Z-axis driver, autofocus assembly, and control and analysis mechanism, the microscope objective and LIBS acquisition head can be automatically focused, which greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the inspection and avoids the errors and time consumption that may be caused by manual focusing.

[0024] Optionally, the composite optical path mechanism includes a notch filter; the Raman spectral generation mechanism, the notch filter, and the microscope objective are arranged sequentially along the transmission direction of the continuous laser, and the notch filter reflects the continuous laser; the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism, the notch filter, and the microscope objective are arranged sequentially along the transmission direction of the Raman spectral signal, and the Raman spectral signal passes through the notch filter.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, the composite optical path mechanism uses a notch filter design. The notch filter is placed between the Raman spectral generation mechanism and the microscope objective along the transmission direction of the continuous laser, and can reflect the continuous laser to the microscope objective. During the transmission of the Raman spectral signal, the notch filter allows the Raman spectral signal to pass through and enter the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism.

[0026] Therefore, the notch filter enables the reflection of continuous laser light and the transmission of Raman spectral signals, thereby effectively filtering out Rayleigh scattering noise from continuous laser light and ensuring the purity of Raman spectral signals, improving the accuracy of Raman spectral signal acquisition. This optimizes the transmission quality of continuous laser and Raman spectral signals. Furthermore, the design of the notch filter allows the Raman excitation optical path and the Raman acquisition optical path to partially overlap, thereby improving the space utilization of the optical path and further realizing the miniaturization and compactness of the device.

[0027] Optionally, the composite optical path mechanism includes a dichroic mirror; the Raman spectral generator, the dichroic mirror, and the microscope objective are arranged sequentially along the transmission direction of the continuous laser, and the dichroic mirror reflects the continuous laser; the LIBS spectral generator, the dichroic mirror, and the microscope objective are arranged sequentially along the transmission direction of the pulsed laser, and the pulsed laser passes through the dichroic mirror.

[0028] By adopting the above technical solution, the composite optical path mechanism, through the design of a dichroic mirror, allows continuous laser light to be reflected into the microscope objective while pulsed laser light penetrates the dichroic mirror. This enables the continuous and pulsed laser lights to coaxially fuse after passing through the dichroic mirror, thus focusing them onto the same point on the sample under test. Consequently, Raman and LIBS spectral signals can be generated at the same location on the sample, achieving in-situ acquisition of Raman and LIBS spectral signals. Simultaneously, the dichroic mirror allows the Raman and LIBS excitation optical paths to coincide, sharing the same microscope objective, reducing the number of optical components, lowering the difficulty of device assembly and adjustment, and compressing the physical space of the device, thus achieving miniaturization and compactness.

[0029] Optionally, a polarizer is provided between the Raman spectral generator, the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism, and the LIBS spectral generator and the composite optical path mechanism, and the continuous laser, pulsed laser, and Raman spectral signals all pass through the corresponding polarizer.

[0030] By adopting the above technical solution, polarizers are set between the Raman spectral generation mechanism, the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism, the LIBS spectral generation mechanism, and the composite optical path mechanism, so that continuous laser, pulsed laser, and Raman spectral signals all pass through the corresponding polarizers. The polarizers can control and adjust the polarization state of the corresponding continuous laser, pulsed laser, and Raman spectral signals, reduce stray light interference, improve the purity and quality of continuous laser, pulsed laser, and Raman spectral signals, and thus improve the accuracy and reliability of the detection results of the urinary tract stone detection device.

[0031] Secondly, the technical solution of the in-situ integrated laser multispectral urinary tract stone detection method provided in this application is as follows: A method for detecting urinary tract stones based on laser multispectral in situ integrated urinary tract stone detection, utilizing the aforementioned laser multispectral in situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device, includes the following steps: S1. Collect a urine sample and prepare it into a test sample, then place the test sample on the sample platform; S2. Focus the microscope objective and the LIBS acquisition head onto the test sample; S3. The Raman spectroscopy generator emits a continuous laser beam, which passes sequentially through the composite optical path mechanism and the microscope objective before irradiating the test sample, generating a Raman spectral signal; the Raman spectral signal passes sequentially through the microscope objective and the composite optical path mechanism before entering the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism; S4. The LIBS spectroscopy generator emits a pulsed laser beam, which passes sequentially through the composite optical path mechanism... After the microscope objective is assembled, it illuminates the sample to be tested, generating a LIBS spectral signal. The LIBS acquisition head acquires the LIBS spectral signal and inputs it into the LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism. S5: Adjust the position of the sample platform and repeat steps S3-S4 to acquire several sets of Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals. S6: The control and analysis mechanism acquires several sets of Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals, and analyzes the composition of the sample to be tested based on the several sets of Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals. S7: Determine whether the sample to be tested contains stones or the type of stones based on the composition of the sample to be tested.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution and detection method, Raman spectral signal and LIBS spectral signal generated at the same location of the sample can be obtained. This allows for the synergistic analysis of Raman spectral signal and LIBS spectral signal, and the analysis results can be mutually supplemented and verified, thereby improving the reliability of the detection results and enabling non-invasive early screening of urinary tract stones.

[0033] Optionally, the following steps may also be included: S01, using a test sample with clearly defined composition, perform steps S1-S5 to obtain the Raman spectral signal and LIBS spectral signal of the test sample; S02, based on the composition of the test sample in step S01 and the obtained Raman and LIBS spectral signals, establish a comparison table of the relationship between dual-spectral signals and urine composition, and establish a comparison table of dual-spectral signals and types of urinary system stones; S03, replace the test sample with a different composition, repeat steps S01-S02, and increase the number of comparisons of the relationship between dual-spectral signals and types of urinary system stones; S04, summarize the comparison model data of the relationship between dual-spectral signals and types of urinary system stones in step S03, and establish a classification model for urinary system stones.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals are obtained using test samples with clearly defined components. A comparison table of the relationship between dual spectral signals and urine components and a comparison table of dual spectral signals and types of urinary system stones are established. Test samples with different components are replaced to increase the number of controls. The data from the control models are then summarized to establish a classification model for urinary system stones.

[0035] Based on the establishment of the urinary system stone classification model, the urinary system stone classification model can provide a reference for the subsequent detection of test samples with unclear composition. By using the corresponding Raman spectral signal and LIBS spectral signal, the composition of the test sample, whether it contains stones, and the type of stones can be determined, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of urinary system stone detection.

[0036] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. This application acquires Raman and LIBS spectral signals from the same location in the sample to be tested. The Raman spectral signal determines the molecular composition of the sample, while the LIBS spectral signal determines its elemental composition. Furthermore, the molecular and elemental composition information is cross-validated, thus improving the reliability of the detection results. This detection method achieves a high degree of spatiotemporal unification and deep data fusion of molecular and elemental information. This collaborative detection approach can cross-validate the molecular fingerprint and elemental composition of trace stone crystals from the complex biological background of urine, significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio and accuracy of the detection.

[0037] 2. This application achieves synchronous focusing of the microscope objective and the LIBS acquisition head through a positional design. Based on this, the Z-axis driver, autofocus assembly, and control and analysis mechanism work together to realize fully automatic focusing of the microscope objective and the LIBS acquisition head, thereby improving the efficiency and accuracy of the inspection.

[0038] 3. This application, through the cooperation of the X-axis driver, Y-axis driver, and control and analysis mechanism, enables the microscope objective to perform planar scanning of the sample under test. During this process, the control and analysis mechanism acquires the Raman spectral signal and LIBS spectral signal at different positions of the sample under test in real time, realizing full-coverage scanning imaging and all-round detection of the sample under test. This can improve the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the detection results. It can also perform imaging scanning of the surface information of solid samples within the sample under test, and detect the distribution of elements and molecules in the solid samples. This can improve the accuracy of the detection results of samples containing solid samples.

[0039] 4. This application uses a composite optical path mechanism design to make multiple optical paths overlap, which optimizes the overall optical path layout, thereby reducing the number of optical components, reducing the difficulty of assembling and adjusting the detection device, and further realizing the miniaturization design of the detection device. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the urinary tract stone detection device according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the Raman excitation optical path in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the Raman acquisition optical path in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the LIBS excitation optical path and the LIBS acquisition optical path in Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the method for detecting urinary tract stones according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the urinary system stone classification model of Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0046] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the establishment of a urinary system stone classification model according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the urinary tract stone detection device according to Embodiment 1 of this application.

[0048] In the diagram, 1. Sample platform; 2. Microscopic LIBS mechanism; 21. Microscope converter; 22. Microscope objective; 23. LIBS acquisition head; 231. Biconvex lens; 3. Composite optical path mechanism; 31. Notch filter; 32. Dichroic mirror; 33. Beam splitter; 4. Raman spectral generation mechanism; 41. Continuous laser; 42. First beam expander; 5. Raman spectral acquisition mechanism; 51. First focusing lens; 52. Confocal pinhole; 53. Second focusing lens; 54. Raman spectrometer; 6. LIBS spectral generation mechanism; 61. Pulsed laser; 62. Second beam expander; 63. Plane mirror; 7. LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism; 71. LIBS spectrometer; 72. Collecting fiber; 8. Control and analysis mechanism; 81. Computer; 82. Digital signal generator; 9. Scanning imaging mechanism; 91. Autofocus assembly; 911. CMOS camera; 912. Third focusing lens; 92. Three-axis movement assembly; 10. Polarizer; 100. Raman excitation optical path; 200. Raman acquisition optical path; 300. LIBS excitation optical path; 400. LIBS acquisition optical path; 500. Autofocus optical path. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 -Appendix Figure 8 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0050] Example 1: A laser multispectral in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device, referring to... Figure 1 It includes a sample platform 1, a microscopic LIBS mechanism 2, a composite optical path mechanism 3, a Raman spectral generator 4, a Raman spectral acquisition mechanism 5, a LIBS spectral generator 6, a LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism 7, and a control and analysis mechanism 8. The Raman spectral generator 4, LIBS spectral generator 6, Raman spectral acquisition mechanism 5, and LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism 7 are all electrically connected to the control and analysis mechanism 8. The microscopic LIBS mechanism 2 is positioned directly opposite the sample platform 1.

[0051] In this embodiment, Raman spectroscopy refers to Raman spectroscopy. LIBS spectroscopy refers to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy.

[0052] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The Raman spectral generation mechanism 4, the composite optical path mechanism 3, the microscopic LIBS mechanism 2, and the sample platform 1 are arranged sequentially to form the Raman excitation optical path 100.

[0053] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3The Raman spectral acquisition mechanism 5, the composite optical path mechanism 3, the microscopic LIBS mechanism 2, and the sample platform 1 are arranged sequentially to form the Raman acquisition optical path 200.

[0054] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The LIBS excitation optical path 300 is composed of the LIBS spectral generation mechanism 6, the composite optical path mechanism 3, the micro LIBS mechanism 2, and the sample platform 1 arranged in sequence.

[0055] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism 7, the microscopic LIBS mechanism 2, and the sample platform 1 are arranged in sequence to form the LIBS acquisition optical path 400.

[0056] With the cooperation of Raman excitation optical path 100, Raman acquisition optical path 200, LIBS excitation optical path 300 and LIBS acquisition optical path 400, the Raman spectral system and the LIBS spectral system can be combined to realize the detection of urine sample components and elements.

[0057] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 A urine sample is placed on sample platform 1. Raman spectroscopy generator 4 emits continuous laser light, and LIBS spectroscopy generator 6 emits pulsed laser light. Both the continuous and pulsed lasers pass sequentially through composite optical path mechanism 3 and microscopic LIBS mechanism 2 before illuminating sample platform 1, causing the urine sample to generate Raman and LIBS spectral signals. Microscopic LIBS mechanism 2 acquires the Raman spectral signal and directs it through composite optical path mechanism 3 into Raman spectral acquisition mechanism 5, thus enabling Raman spectral acquisition mechanism 5 to acquire the Raman spectral signal of the urine sample. Similarly, microscopic LIBS mechanism 2 acquires the LIBS spectral signal and directs it into LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism 7, thus enabling LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism 7 to acquire the LIBS spectral signal of the urine sample.

[0058] Reference Figure 1 Based on this, the control and analysis unit 8 can acquire Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals at the same location in the urine sample, and analyze the Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals to obtain the information of the elements and molecules to be tested in the urine sample. This can determine whether the urine sample contains stones, and can also confirm the type of urinary system stones.

[0059] In this embodiment, a continuous laser excites the urine sample to obtain a Raman spectral signal, and a pulsed laser excites the urine sample to obtain a LIBS spectral signal. The specific parameters of the continuous laser and the pulsed laser are well known to those skilled in the art and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0060] Reference Figure 1 The microscopic LIBS mechanism 2 includes a microscope converter 21, a microscope objective 22, and a LIBS acquisition head 23. Both the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 are mounted on the microscope converter 21. The microscope objective 22 is vertically positioned, with the sample platform 1 located below it, and the lower end of the microscope objective 22 directly facing the sample platform 1. The LIBS acquisition head 23 is located to one side of the microscope objective 22 and is equipped with a biconvex lens 231. The focal point of the biconvex lens 231 coincides with the focal point of the microscope objective 22.

[0061] Reference Figure 1 The micro-LIBS mechanism 2 integrates the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 onto the microscope converter 21. This makes the positions of the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 relatively fixed. The focal point of the biconvex lens 231 on the LIBS acquisition head 23 coincides with the focal point of the microscope objective 22. Therefore, when the microscope objective 22 is focused, after the microscope objective 22 focuses on the urine sample on the sample platform 1, the LIBS acquisition head 23 also focuses on the same position on the urine sample on the sample platform 1. This reduces the focusing difficulty of the micro-LIBS mechanism 2, improves the detection efficiency of the urine sample, and facilitates the acquisition of the LIBS spectral signal and Raman spectral signal of the same position of the sample to be tested.

[0062] In this embodiment, the method of adjusting the focal point position of the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 to coincide is a technical solution known to those skilled in the art, and will not be described in detail here.

[0063] Reference Figure 2 The Raman spectroscopy generating mechanism 4 includes a continuous laser 41 and a first beam expander 42. The continuous laser 41, the first beam expander 42, the composite optical path mechanism 3 and the microscope objective 22 are arranged in sequence. The continuous laser emitted by the continuous laser 41 passes through the first beam expander 42, the composite optical path mechanism 3 and the microscope objective 22 in sequence and then irradiates the sample platform 1.

[0064] When the continuous laser passes through the microscope objective 22, the microscope objective 22 focuses the continuous laser onto the sample platform 1, thereby causing the urine sample to generate a Raman spectral signal.

[0065] In this embodiment, when the continuous laser emitted by the continuous laser 41 passes through the first beam expander 42, the first beam expander 42 will increase the diameter of the continuous laser and collimate it. The first beam expander 42 expands the diameter of the continuous laser to the optimal receiving range of the microscope objective 22, and eliminates the divergence angle of the continuous laser by collimation, ensuring the diameter of the focused spot and improving the excitation efficiency of the Raman spectral signal.

[0066] Reference Figure 3 The Raman spectral acquisition mechanism 5 includes a first focusing lens 51, a confocal pinhole 52, a second focusing lens 53, and a Raman spectrometer 54. The Raman spectrometer 54, the second focusing lens 53, the confocal pinhole 52, the first focusing lens 51, the compound optical path mechanism 3, and the microscope objective 22 are arranged in sequence. The Raman spectral signal generated by the urine sample passes through the microscope objective 22, the compound optical path mechanism 3, the first focusing lens 51, the confocal pinhole 52, and the second focusing lens 53 in sequence before entering the Raman spectrometer 54.

[0067] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 Since the continuous laser emitted by the Raman spectroscopy generator 4 will cause the urine sample to generate Raman spectral signals, the Raman spectral signals generated by the urine sample collected by the microscope objective 22 will be collected by the Raman spectrometer 54 in the Raman spectroscopy acquisition mechanism 5. This allows the Raman molecular information in the urine sample to be determined based on the Raman spectral signals.

[0068] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 3 After passing through the second focusing lens 53, the Raman spectral signal is directly coupled into the Raman spectrometer 54 via spatial light, thereby ensuring that the Raman spectrometer 54 can receive the Raman spectral signal of the urine sample.

[0069] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 In this embodiment, the first focusing lens 51 and the second focusing lens 53 are both aspherical plano-convex lenses with laser anti-reflection coatings, with wavelengths ranging from 200nm to 8000nm, diameters of 25.4mm, and focal lengths of 75mm.

[0070] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the composite optical path mechanism 3 includes a notch filter 31, which is located between the first beam expander 42 and the microscope objective 22 along the transmission direction of the continuous laser.

[0071] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 The notch filter 31 is located between the microscope objective 22 and the first focusing lens 51 along the transmission direction of the Raman spectral signal.

[0072] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The continuous laser generated by the continuous laser 41 passes through the first beam expander 42 and is then directed onto the notch filter 31, which in turn directs the continuous laser into the microscope objective 22. The Raman spectral signal passes through the microscope objective 22 and is then directed onto the notch filter 31, which in turn directs the Raman spectral signal into the first focusing lens 51.

[0073] The composite optical path mechanism 3, through the setting of the notch filter 31, allows for partial overlap between the Raman excitation optical path 100 and the Raman acquisition optical path 200. The notch filter 31 has a high reflectivity band for the wavelength of continuous laser light, effectively filtering out Rayleigh scattering noise of continuous laser light, while allowing the Raman spectral signal to pass through, thus ensuring the purity of molecular fingerprint information.

[0074] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this embodiment, the notch filter 31 is used to isolate the scattered light of continuous laser, with a transmittance of 90% outside the bandwidth and a diameter of 25.4 mm.

[0075] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The LIBS spectral generation mechanism 6 includes a pulsed laser 61, a second beam expander 62, and a plane mirror 63. The pulsed laser 61, the second beam expander 62, the plane mirror 63, the composite optical path mechanism 3, and the microscope objective 22 are arranged in sequence. The pulsed laser emitted by the pulsed laser 61 passes through the pulsed laser 61 and is then projected onto the plane mirror 63. The plane mirror 63 reflects the pulsed laser onto the sample platform 1 after it passes through the composite optical path mechanism 3 and the microscope objective 22 in sequence.

[0076] The LIBS spectral generation mechanism 6 can generate pulsed laser through the setting of pulsed laser 61. With the design of second beam expander 62, plane mirror 63 and composite optical path mechanism 3, the pulsed laser can pass through the microscope objective 22 and be focused onto the sample platform 1 by the microscope objective 22, thereby generating plasma on the surface of urine sample, thus generating LIBS spectral signal.

[0077] Reference Figure 4 In this embodiment, the planar reflector 63 is a plano-concave reflector coated with an ultraviolet-enhancing aluminum film, with a diameter of 25.4 mm and a focal length of 150 mm. This allows the planar reflector 63 to precisely deflect the pulsed laser by 90°, maintaining the stability of the LIBS excitation energy. The second beam expander 62 has the same function as the first beam expander 42.

[0078] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, the composite optical path mechanism 3 also includes a dichroic mirror 32, which is arranged parallel to and spaced apart from the plane mirror 63. The pulsed laser 61, the second beam expander 62, the plane mirror 63, the dichroic mirror 32, and the microscope objective 22 are arranged sequentially along the transmission path of the pulsed laser. When the pulsed laser passes through the dichroic mirror 32, the pulsed laser penetrates the dichroic mirror 32.

[0079] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The continuous laser 41, the first beam expander 42, the notch filter 31, the dichroic mirror 32, and the microscope objective 22 are arranged sequentially along the transmission path of the continuous laser, and the dichroic mirror 32 reflects the continuous laser when the continuous laser passes through it.

[0080] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 The Raman spectrometer 54, the second focusing lens 53, the confocal pinhole 52, the first focusing lens 51, the notch filter 31, the dichroic mirror 32, and the microscope objective 22 are arranged sequentially along the transmission path of the Raman spectral signal, and the dichroic mirror 32 reflects the Raman spectral signal when the Raman spectral signal passes through it.

[0081] Therefore, through the design of the dichroic mirror 32, the composite optical path mechanism 3 achieves partial overlap between the Raman excitation optical path 100, the Raman acquisition optical path 200, and the LIBS excitation optical path 300.

[0082] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The dichroic mirror 32 exhibits high reflectivity for continuous laser light and high transmittance for pulsed laser light. Furthermore, the dichroic mirror 32 is tilted at 45°, allowing the continuous and pulsed laser light to coaxially fuse after passing through it. This enables the continuous and pulsed laser light to be focused onto the same point on the urine sample after passing through the microscope objective 22, thus generating Raman and LIBS spectral signals at the same location on the urine sample.

[0083] Specifically, in this embodiment, the dichroic mirror 32 is a long-pass dichroic mirror, which has high reflectivity in the short-wavelength region and high transmittance in the long-wavelength region, and is also used to reflect stray light from the incident laser.

[0084] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 The LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism 7 includes a LIBS spectrometer 71 and a collecting optical fiber 72. One end of the collecting optical fiber 72 is connected to the LIBS acquisition head 23, and the other end is connected to the LIBS spectrometer 71.

[0085] Based on the coordinated design of the LIBS spectrometer 71 and the collecting fiber 72, the pulsed laser emitted by the LIBS spectral generator 6 causes the urine sample to generate a LIBS spectral signal. The LIBS acquisition head 23 can acquire the LIBS spectral signal through the built-in biconvex lens 231 and transmit the LIBS spectral signal to the collecting fiber 72. The LIBS spectral signal is coupled to the LIBS spectrometer 71 through the collecting fiber 72, which enables the acquisition of the LIBS spectral signal and allows the determination of the LIBS spectral element information in the urine sample based on the LIBS spectral signal.

[0086] Specifically, in this embodiment, the incident end face of the collecting fiber 72 consists of 19 200μm fibers arranged in a circular pattern, and the exit end face consists of a 1×19 strip arrangement, which can effectively enhance the signal strength collected by the collecting fiber 72.

[0087] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The urinary tract stone detection device also includes a scanning imaging mechanism 9, which includes an autofocus component 91 and a three-axis moving component 92. The sample platform 1 is set on the three-axis moving component 92. Both the autofocus component 91 and the three-axis moving component 92 are electrically connected to the control and analysis mechanism 8. The autofocus component 91, the compound optical path mechanism 3, the microscope objective 22 and the sample platform 1 are arranged in sequence to form an autofocus optical path 500.

[0088] Based on the formation of the autofocus optical path 500, the Raman spectral signal passes sequentially through the microscope objective 22 and the compound optical path mechanism 3 before entering the autofocus assembly 91. After entering the autofocus assembly 91, the Raman spectral signal is automatically imaged, and the analysis mechanism 8 is controlled to perform image processing. Based on the image processing results, the three-axis movement assembly 92 is controlled to adjust the position of the sample platform 1, thereby achieving autofocus of the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23.

[0089] Reference Figure 5 In this embodiment, the three-axis motion component 92 includes an X-axis driver, a Y-axis driver, and a Z-axis driver. The X-axis driver, Y-axis driver, and Z-axis driver are connected in sequence, and the sample platform 1 is set on the Z-axis driver. The driving direction of the Z-axis driver is set in the vertical direction. The driving directions of the X-axis driver, Y-axis driver, and Z-axis driver are set perpendicular to each other. The X-axis driver, Y-axis driver, and Z-axis driver are all electrically connected to the control and analysis mechanism 8.

[0090] The three-axis motion assembly 92 achieves precise control of the sample platform 1 through the coordinated action of the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis drivers. The Z-axis driver moves the sample platform 1 vertically, adjusting the distance between the sample platform 1 and the microscope objective 22, thus facilitating automatic focusing of the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23. The cooperation of the X-axis and Y-axis drivers enables the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 to perform planar scanning of the sample platform 1, thereby achieving multi-point detection of urine samples.

[0091] Specifically, in this embodiment, the Z-axis driver uses a piezoelectric ceramic actuator or a linear motor driver, while the X-axis and Y-axis drivers both use linear motor drivers.

[0092] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, the autofocus component 91 includes a CMOS camera 911 and a third focusing lens 912. The CMOS camera 911 and the control and analysis mechanism 8 are electrically connected. The CMOS camera 911, the third focusing lens 912, the compound optical path mechanism 3 and the microscope objective 22 are arranged in sequence. The Raman spectral signal passes through the microscope objective 22, the compound optical path mechanism 3 and the third focusing lens 912 in sequence before entering the CMOS camera 911.

[0093] Therefore, the CMOS camera 911 is able to acquire part of the Raman spectral signal for imaging and transmit the image information to the control and analysis unit 8.

[0094] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, the composite optical path mechanism 3 further includes a beam splitter 33. The CMOS camera 911, the third focusing lens 912, the beam splitter 33, the dichroic mirror 32, and the microscope objective 22 are arranged in sequence. The Raman spectral signal is reflected onto the beam splitter 33 after passing through the microscope objective 22 and the dichroic mirror 32 in sequence. The beam splitter 33 splits the Raman spectral signal. Part of the Raman spectral signal is reflected onto the third focusing lens 912 after passing through the beam splitter 33, and finally enters the CMOS camera 911 for imaging.

[0095] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 5 When the Raman spectral signal passes through the beam splitter 33, the beam splitter 33 splits the Raman spectral signal. A part of the Raman spectral signal is reflected onto the third focusing lens 912 after passing through the beam splitter 33, and another part of the Raman spectral signal passes through the beam splitter 33 and finally enters the Raman spectrometer 54.

[0096] Therefore, through the design of the beam splitter prism 33, the composite optical path mechanism 3 partially overlaps the Raman acquisition optical path 200 with the autofocus optical path 500, thereby enabling a portion of the Raman spectral signal to be transmitted to the Raman spectrometer 54, thus realizing the acquisition of the Raman spectral signal. The portion of the Raman spectral signal is then imported into the CMOS camera 911 for imaging, which triggers the function of the autofocus component 91, thereby realizing the autofocus function of the microscope objective 22.

[0097] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, the transmission and reflection ratio of the beam splitter 33 is 5:5.

[0098] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The notch filter 31, the beam splitter 33, and the dichroic mirror 32 are arranged sequentially along the transmission path of the continuous laser. The continuous laser passes through the notch filter 31, the beam splitter 33, and the dichroic mirror 32 in sequence, and the continuous laser passes through the beam splitter 33.

[0099] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 3 The Raman spectral signal passes sequentially through a dichroic mirror 32, a beam splitter 33, and a notch filter 31. When the Raman spectral signal passes through the beam splitter 33, part of the Raman spectral signal penetrates the beam splitter 33.

[0100] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 When the Raman spectral signal passes through the beam splitter 33, part of the Raman spectral signal penetrates the beam splitter 33.

[0101] Therefore, the composite optical path mechanism 3, through the design of the beam splitter prism 33, simultaneously overlaps the Raman acquisition optical path 200, the autofocus optical path 500, and the Raman excitation optical path 100.

[0102] Reference Figure 1 In this embodiment, the composite optical path mechanism 3, through the coordinated design of the notch filter 31, the beam splitter prism 33, and the dichroic mirror 32, achieves the overlapping and sharing of multiple optical paths. This optimizes the overall optical path layout inside the urinary tract stone detection device and enables multi-functional reuse of a single component, thereby reducing the number of optical elements, lowering the assembly and adjustment difficulty of the urinary tract stone detection device, and fundamentally compressing the physical space of the device, achieving miniaturization and compactness. Thus, the complex dual-spectrum system is integrated onto a simple and efficient optical platform, effectively solving the defects of complex optical path structures and large size in existing technologies.

[0103] Reference Figure 1The control and analysis unit 8 includes a computer 81 and a digital signal generator 82, with the computer 81 and the digital signal generator 82 electrically connected.

[0104] Refer to 1 and Figure 2 The continuous laser 41 is electrically connected to the digital signal generator 82, which allows the computer 81 to set the parameters of the digital signal generator 82, thereby driving the continuous laser 41 to work and generate continuous laser light.

[0105] Similarly, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 The pulsed laser 61 is electrically connected to the digital signal generator 82, which enables the pulsed laser 61 to generate pulsed laser.

[0106] In this embodiment, the digital signal generator 82 uses a DG645 digital delayed pulse transmitter to control the time delay between the pulsed laser and the continuous laser, thereby achieving time-division excitation. The continuous laser 41 is a single-longitudinal-mode continuous laser; the pulsed laser 61 is an Nd:YAG nanosecond pulsed Q-switched laser.

[0107] Similarly, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The Raman spectrometer 54 is electrically connected to the computer 81, enabling the computer 81 to read and analyze the Raman spectral signal.

[0108] Similarly, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 The LIBS spectrometer 71 is electrically connected to the computer 81, enabling the computer 81 to read and analyze LIBS spectral signals.

[0109] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 The CMOS camera 911, X-axis driver, Y-axis driver, and Z-axis driver are all electrically connected to the computer 81. The computer 81 can acquire image information generated by the CMOS camera 911, process the image information, and adjust the Z-axis driver based on the processing results, thus achieving autofocus. Simultaneously, the computer 81 can also drive the X-axis and Y-axis drivers to adjust the position of the sample platform, allowing the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 to focus on different locations on the urine sample, thereby achieving multi-point urine sample acquisition.

[0110] Based on this, the X-axis and Y-axis drivers work together to move the sample platform 1, enabling the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 to scan the urine sample on the sample platform 1. During this process, the computer 81 can acquire Raman and LIBS spectral signals from different locations on the urine sample in real time, allowing for full-coverage scanning imaging of the urine sample and achieving comprehensive detection. In particular, when solid samples are present in the urine sample, such as bound crystals, this urinary tract stone detection device can image and scan the surface information of the solid sample to detect the distribution of elements and molecules. Therefore, this urinary tract stone detection device can perform both urine sample detection and solid sample composition analysis.

[0111] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: With the cooperation of Raman spectral generation mechanism 4, Raman spectral acquisition mechanism 5, composite optical path mechanism 3, microscope objective 22 and sample platform 1, the continuous laser emitted by Raman spectral generation mechanism 4 passes through composite optical path mechanism 3 and microscope objective 22 in sequence and then irradiates the sample to be tested on sample platform 1, so that the sample to be tested generates Raman spectral signal, and Raman spectral acquisition mechanism 5 can acquire the Raman spectral signal of the sample to be tested, and the molecular composition information of the sample to be tested can be obtained based on the Raman spectral signal of the sample to be tested.

[0112] With the cooperation of the LIBS spectral generator 6, the LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism 7, the composite optical path mechanism 3, the microscope objective 22, the sample platform 1, and the LIBS acquisition head 23, the pulsed laser emitted by the LIBS spectral generator 6 passes sequentially through the composite optical path mechanism 3 and the microscope objective 22 before irradiating the sample to be tested on the sample platform 1, thereby performing laser ablation on the sample to be tested, causing the sample to be tested to generate plasma, and then the plasma generates LIBS spectral signals. The LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism 7 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 work together to acquire the LIBS spectral signals of the sample to be tested, and the elemental composition information of the sample to be tested can be obtained based on the LIBS spectral signals of the sample to be tested.

[0113] Based on this, since the Raman spectral signal and the LIBS spectral signal are acquired from the same location on the sample to be tested, the Raman spectral signal and the LIBS spectral signal can be mutually verified. This allows the molecular composition information and elemental composition information of the sample to be acquired to be complementary and mutually verified. This enables comprehensive and coordinated detection of the elemental and molecular composition of urinary tract stones. This allows for the determination of whether a patient has stones through a patient's urine sample, and also allows for the detection of the type of urinary tract stones. This enables non-invasive early screening of urinary tract stones.

[0114] This embodiment also discloses a method for detecting urinary tract stones based on in-situ integrated laser multispectral technology, referring to... Figure 6 This includes the following steps: S1. Sample preparation: Collect urine samples and prepare them into test samples, and place the test samples on sample platform 1.

[0115] Specifically, urine samples are collected from patients with kidney stones. 10 μL of urine sample is dropped onto a glass slide to prepare the test sample, and then the prepared test sample is loaded onto sample platform 1.

[0116] S2. Focusing: Focus the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 onto the sample to be tested.

[0117] Specifically, in this embodiment, the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 are automatically focused onto the sample to be tested. The automatic focusing steps are as follows: S21, Raman spectral generator 4 emits a continuous laser. The continuous laser passes through a notch filter 31, a beam splitter prism 33, a dichroic mirror 32 and a microscope objective 22 in sequence before irradiating the sample to be tested on the sample platform 1. The continuous laser excites the sample to be tested and generates a Raman spectral signal.

[0118] S22 and the Raman spectral signal pass through the microscope objective 22 and the dichroic mirror 32 in sequence and then illuminate the beam splitter 33. At this time, the beam splitter 33 splits and reflects part of the Raman spectral signal, which passes through the third focusing lens 912 and finally enters the CMOS camera 911.

[0119] The S23 and CMOS camera 911 use Raman spectral signals to image the sample under test, thereby acquiring the image information and transmitting it to the computer 81 for processing and analysis.

[0120] S24. The computer 81 drives the Z-axis driver according to the image processing results, so that the sample platform 1 moves in the vertical direction.

[0121] Specifically, a gradient-based image sharpness evaluation algorithm, such as the Tenengrad function, is preferred. The computer calculates the Tenengrad value of the image in real time and controls the Z-axis driver to scan within a preset range to find the Z-axis position that maximizes the Tenengrad function value; this position is the optimal focal plane.

[0122] S25. Repeat steps S21-S24 until the computer 81 stops driving the Z-axis driver in step S24. At this time, the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 are focused on the sample to be tested.

[0123] S3. Excitation and Acquisition of Raman Spectral Signal: The Raman spectral generation mechanism 4 emits a continuous laser. The continuous laser passes through the composite optical path mechanism 3 and the microscope objective 22 in sequence and then irradiates the sample to be tested, generating a Raman spectral signal from the sample. The Raman spectral signal passes through the microscope objective 22 and the composite optical path mechanism 3 in sequence and then enters the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism 5.

[0124] Specifically, when generating Raman spectral signals, the continuous laser 41 generates continuous laser light, which sequentially passes through the first beam expander 42, the notch filter 31, the beam splitter prism 33, and the dichroic mirror 32 before entering the microscope objective 22 and finally focusing onto the surface of the sample to be tested. When acquiring Raman spectral signals, the Raman spectral signals sequentially pass through the microscope objective 22, the dichroic mirror 32, the beam splitter prism 33, the notch filter 31, the first focusing lens 51, the confocal pinhole 52, and the second focusing lens 53 before entering the Raman spectrometer 54.

[0125] During this process, when the Raman spectral signal passes through the beam splitter 33, part of the Raman spectral signal passes through the beam splitter 33 and part of the Raman spectral signal is reflected into the CMOS camera 911 after being split by the beam splitter 33.

[0126] S4. LIBS spectral signal excitation and acquisition: The LIBS spectral generator 6 emits a pulsed laser, which passes through the composite optical path mechanism 3 and the microscope objective 22 in sequence before irradiating the sample to be tested, generating a LIBS spectral signal on the sample; the LIBS acquisition head 23 acquires the LIBS spectral signal and inputs it into the LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism 7.

[0127] Specifically, when generating the LIBS spectral signal, the pulsed laser 61 generates a pulsed laser, which is then focused onto the surface of the sample after passing sequentially through the second beam expander 62, the plane mirror 63, the dichroic mirror 32, and the microscope objective 22. When acquiring the LIBS spectral signal, the signal is focused by the biconvex lens 231 and enters the core end face of the collecting fiber 72, which then transmits the signal to the LIBS spectrometer 71.

[0128] In this embodiment, the Raman spectral signal obtained in step S3 and the LIBS spectral signal obtained in step S4 come from the same location of the sample to be tested, which enables the Raman spectral signal and the LIBS spectral signal to be analyzed in a coordinated manner.

[0129] S5. Multi-point data spectral signal acquisition: Adjust the position of sample platform 1 and repeat the above steps S3-S4 to acquire several sets of Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals.

[0130] Specifically, the computer 81 drives the X-axis and Y-axis drivers, changing the position of the sample platform 1, which in turn causes the limiting objective lens and LIBS acquisition head 23 to focus on different positions of the sample to be tested. By repeating steps S3-S4, the detection function at different positions on the sample can be achieved.

[0131] Furthermore, as the number and density of detection locations on the sample to be tested are continuously increased, the microscope objective 22 and the LIBS acquisition head 23 can perform planar scanning of the sample. During this process, the computer 81 can acquire the Raman spectral signal and LIBS spectral signal at different locations on the sample in real time, which enables full-coverage scanning imaging of the sample and achieves all-round detection of the sample. When a solid sample is present in the sample to be tested, such as when there are bound crystals, the urinary tract stone detection device can perform imaging scanning of the surface information of the solid sample and detect the distribution of elements and molecules. Therefore, the urinary tract stone detection device can realize both the detection of the sample to be tested and the analysis of solid samples.

[0132] S6. Spectral signal analysis: The control analysis unit 8 acquires several sets of Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals, and analyzes the composition of the sample to be tested based on the several sets of Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals.

[0133] Specifically, the computer 81 acquires Raman and LIBS spectral signals from different positions of the sample to be tested, and determines the molecular information at the corresponding position of the sample to be tested based on the Raman spectral signal, and determines the elemental information at the corresponding position of the sample to be tested based on the LIBS spectral signal. Therefore, with the cooperation of several sets of Raman and LIBS spectral signals, the composition of the sample to be tested can be quickly determined.

[0134] Specifically, after acquiring several sets of Raman and LIBS spectral signals, the computer first preprocesses the raw spectral data, including baseline correction using polynomial fitting or asymmetric least squares method, and noise filtering using the Savitzky-Golay smoothing algorithm. Secondly, the preprocessed Raman spectra are compared with a pre-set Raman spectral library of stone components, and molecular types are initially identified using correlation coefficient or peak matching methods. For the LIBS spectra, the NIST atomic spectral database is consulted to identify characteristic spectral lines of elements related to stones, such as Ca, Mg, P, C, and N. Finally, the molecular information identified by Raman and the elemental information identified by LIBS are jointly analyzed. For example, when the Raman spectrum identifies a characteristic peak of calcium oxalate and the LIBS spectrum detects a significant Ca element signal, it is jointly confirmed as calcium oxalate, thus completing the component analysis of the sample.

[0135] S7. Detection result output: Determine whether the sample contains stones or the type of stones based on the composition of the sample.

[0136] Specifically, after determining the composition of the sample to be tested, it is possible to determine whether the sample contains stones based on a pre-established urinary system stone classification model, and also to determine the type of stones in the sample.

[0137] To establish a classification model for urinary system stones, refer to Figure 7 It also includes the following steps: S01. Using a sample with clearly defined composition, perform the above steps S1-S5 to obtain the Raman spectral signal and LIBS spectral signal of the sample.

[0138] S02. Based on the components of the sample to be tested in step S01 and the obtained Raman and LIBS spectral signals, establish a comparison table of the relationship between dual spectral signals and urine components, and establish a comparison table of dual spectral signals and types of urinary system stones.

[0139] S03. Replace the test sample with different components and repeat the above steps S01-S02 to increase the number of tables showing the relationship between dual-spectral signals and types of urinary system stones.

[0140] S04. Summarize the data from the comparison table of the relationship between the dual-spectral signals and the types of urinary system stones in step S03 above, and establish a classification model for urinary system stones.

[0141] Specifically, in step S04, after summarizing the data from step S03 regarding the relationship between the dual-spectral signals and the types of urinary system stones, a machine learning algorithm, such as support vector machine or random forest, is used to establish a urinary system stone classification model. The input features of this model are the feature vectors of the preprocessed Raman spectral data and LIBS spectral data, and the output is the stone classification. The model is trained and evaluated using cross-validation until the model's classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity meet the preset clinical diagnostic requirements.

[0142] In this embodiment, after steps S01-S04, a urinary system stone classification model can be established. Therefore, when testing samples with unclear composition, the Raman and LIBS spectral signals of the sample can be determined after steps S1-S7. At this point, based on the urinary system stone classification model and the corresponding Raman and LIBS spectral signals, the composition of the sample, whether it contains stones, and the type of stones can be determined.

[0143] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: After loading the sample to be tested, the above-mentioned detection method can achieve automatic focusing. Afterwards, it can automatically acquire Raman and LIBS spectral signals to automatically determine whether the sample contains stones or the type of stones. This enables fully automatic detection of the sample, thereby improving detection efficiency. Since the above-mentioned detection method can acquire Raman and LIBS spectral signals generated at the same location on the sample, it can perform collaborative analysis of the Raman and LIBS spectral signals, and mutually supplement and verify the analysis results, thereby improving the reliability of the detection results.

[0144] Example 2: A laser multispectral in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device, referring to... Figure 8 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that polarizers 10 are provided on the Raman excitation optical path 100, the Raman acquisition optical path 200 and the LIBS excitation optical path 300.

[0145] Specifically, in the Raman excitation optical path 100, the polarizer 10 is located between the first beam expander 42 and the notch filter 31, and the continuous laser light passes sequentially through the first beam expander 42 and the corresponding polarizer 10 before illuminating the notch filter 31. In the Raman acquisition optical path 200, the polarizer 10 is located between the notch filter 31 and the first focusing lens 51, and the Raman signal passes sequentially through the notch filter 31, the corresponding polarizer 10, and the first focusing lens 51. In the LIBS excitation optical path 300, the polarizer 10 is located between the plane mirror 63 and the dichroic mirror 32, and the pulsed laser light, after being reflected by the plane mirror 63, passes through the corresponding polarizer 10 and the corresponding dichroic mirror 32 in one pass.

[0146] The implementation principle of this application embodiment is as follows: Polarizers 10 are set on the Raman excitation optical path 100, the Raman acquisition optical path 200 and the LIBS excitation optical path 300, so that continuous laser, pulsed laser and Raman spectral signals all pass through the corresponding polarizers 10. The polarizers 10 can realize the control and adjustment of the polarization state of the corresponding continuous laser, pulsed laser and Raman spectral signals, reduce stray light interference, improve the purity and quality of continuous laser, pulsed laser and Raman spectral signals, and thus improve the accuracy and reliability of the detection results of the urinary tract stone detection device.

[0147] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A laser multispectral in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device, characterized in that, include: Sample platform (1); The microscopic LIBS mechanism (2) includes a microscope objective (22) and a LIBS acquisition head (23), both of which face the sample platform (1). Composite optical path mechanism (3); Raman spectral generation mechanism (4) is used to generate continuous laser light; the continuous laser light passes through the composite optical path mechanism (3) and the microscope objective (22) in sequence and then irradiates the sample platform (1) to generate Raman spectral signals. Raman spectral acquisition mechanism (5): The Raman spectral signal passes through the microscope objective (22) and the composite optical path mechanism (3) in sequence before entering the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism (5); The LIBS spectral generation mechanism (6) is used to generate pulsed laser. The pulsed laser passes through the composite optical path mechanism (3) and the microscope objective (22) in sequence and then irradiates the sample platform (1) to generate LIBS spectral signals. The LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism (7) is equipped with a LIBS acquisition head (23) for acquiring LIBS spectral signals and inputting them into the LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism (7). It also includes a control and analysis mechanism (8), wherein the Raman spectral generator (4), the LIBS spectral generator (6), the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism (5) and the LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism (7) are all electrically connected to the control and analysis mechanism (8).

2. The in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device based on laser multispectral imaging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microscopic LIBS mechanism (2) also includes a microscope converter (21), on which the microscope objective (22) and the LIBS acquisition head (23) are both mounted. The focal point of the LIBS acquisition head (23) coincides with the focal point of the microscope objective (22).

3. The in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device based on laser multispectral imaging according to claim 2, characterized in that, The microscope objective (22) is set vertically, and the sample platform (1) is set below the microscope objective (22), with the lower end of the microscope objective (22) facing the sample platform (1). The sample platform (1) is provided with a Z-axis driver, which is used to drive the sample platform (1) to move in the vertical direction. The Z-axis driver and the control and analysis mechanism (8) are electrically connected.

4. The in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device based on laser multispectral imaging according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes an X-axis driver and a Y-axis driver, which are connected in sequence. The driving directions of the X-axis driver and the Y-axis driver are perpendicular to each other. The driving directions of the X-axis driver and the Y-axis driver are both perpendicular to the driving direction of the Z-axis driver. The X-axis driver and the Y-axis driver are both electrically connected to the control analysis mechanism (8).

5. The in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device based on laser multispectral imaging according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes an autofocus assembly (91), wherein the autofocus assembly (91), the composite optical path mechanism (3), and the microscope objective (22) are arranged in sequence; The Raman spectral signal passes sequentially through the microscope objective (22) and the composite optical path mechanism (3) before entering the autofocus assembly (91) and the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism (5); The autofocus component (91) is electrically connected to the control and analysis mechanism (8).

6. The in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device based on laser multispectral imaging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite optical path mechanism (3) includes a notch filter (31). The Raman spectral generator (4), the notch filter (31), and the microscope objective (22) are arranged sequentially along the transmission direction of the continuous laser, and the notch filter (31) reflects the continuous laser. The Raman spectral acquisition mechanism (5), the notch filter (31), and the microscope objective (22) are arranged sequentially along the Raman spectral signal transmission direction, and the Raman spectral signal passes through the notch filter (31).

7. The in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device based on laser multispectral imaging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite optical path mechanism (3) includes a dichroic mirror (32); The Raman spectral generator (4), the dichroic mirror (32) and the microscope objective (22) are arranged sequentially along the transmission direction of the continuous laser, and the dichroic mirror (32) reflects the continuous laser. The LIBS spectral generator (6), the dichroic mirror (32), and the microscope objective (22) are arranged sequentially along the transmission direction of the pulsed laser, and the pulsed laser passes through the dichroic mirror (32).

8. The in-situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device based on laser multispectral imaging according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Raman spectral generator (4), the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism (5), and the LIBS spectral generator (6) are all provided with polarizers (10) between them and the composite optical path mechanism (3). Continuous laser, pulsed laser, and Raman spectral signals all pass through the corresponding polarizers (10).

9. A method for detecting urinary tract stones based on laser multispectral in situ integrated urinary tract stone detection, utilizing the laser multispectral in situ integrated urinary tract stone detection device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Collect urine samples and prepare them into test samples, and place the test samples on the sample platform (1); S2. Focus the microscope objective (22) and the LIBS acquisition head (23) onto the sample to be tested; S3. The Raman spectral generation mechanism (4) emits a continuous laser. The continuous laser passes through the composite optical path mechanism (3) and the microscope objective (22) in sequence and then irradiates the sample to be tested. The sample to be tested generates a Raman spectral signal. The Raman spectral signal passes through the microscope objective (22) and the composite optical path mechanism (3) in sequence and then enters the Raman spectral acquisition mechanism (5). S4. The LIBS spectral generation mechanism (6) emits pulsed laser light, which passes through the composite optical path mechanism (3) and the microscope objective (22) in sequence and then irradiates the sample to be tested, generating a LIBS spectral signal in the sample to be tested; the LIBS acquisition head (23) acquires the LIBS spectral signal and inputs it into the LIBS spectral acquisition mechanism (7); S5. Adjust the position of the sample platform (1) and repeat steps S3-S4 to obtain several sets of Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals. S6. The control and analysis mechanism (8) acquires several sets of Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals, and analyzes the composition of the sample to be tested based on the several sets of Raman spectral signals and LIBS spectral signals. S7. Determine whether the sample contains stones or the type of stones based on the composition of the sample to be tested.

10. The method for detecting urinary tract stones based on laser multispectral in situ integrated laser as described in claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes the following steps: S01. Using a sample with clearly defined composition, perform steps S1-S5 to obtain the Raman spectral signal and LIBS spectral signal of the sample. S02. Based on the components of the sample to be tested in step S01 and the obtained Raman and LIBS spectral signals, establish a table comparing the relationship between dual spectral signals and urine components, and establish a table comparing dual spectral signals with the types of urinary system stones. S03. Replace the test sample with different components and repeat steps S01-S02 to increase the number of comparisons between dual-spectral signals and types of urinary system stones. S04. Summarize the data from the comparison model of the relationship between the dual-spectral signals and the types of urinary system stones in step S03, and establish a classification model for urinary system stones.

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