A method, system, device and medium for quantitatively analyzing water-carbon intensity of a water receiving area and a water source area of a water transfer project

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of water-carbon intensity quantification analysis method, system, device and medium of water transfer project water receiving area and water source area, method includes obtaining the water-carbon related data of research area in research period, water-carbon related data is preprocessed;According to water-carbon related data, determine the total water consumption and total carbon emission of research area in research period;According to total water consumption and total carbon emission, determine the water-carbon intensity of research area in research period;According to water-carbon intensity, determine the water-carbon intensity variation of research area in research period, carry out attribution analysis to water-carbon intensity variation, obtain the contribution degree of several driving factors to water-carbon intensity variation.The application introduces the concept of water-carbon intensity, explores the change rule of water-carbon intensity of water receiving area and water source area under the operation of interbasin water transfer project, and specifically guides the efficient use of water resources and carbon emission reduction practice of water receiving area and water source area, which can be widely applied in water transfer project evaluation technical field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water diversion project evaluation technology, and in particular to a method, system, device and medium for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project. Background Technology

[0002] How to effectively address the water crisis and the ever-increasing carbon emissions has become a pressing global issue. Ensuring water security is a key challenge that humanity needs to overcome. Numerous inter-basin water transfer projects have been constructed worldwide to transfer water resources from water-rich areas to water-scarce regions, effectively alleviating water shortages and ensuring water security. However, the socio-environmental impacts of these projects cannot be ignored. Under the operation of these projects, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is shifted, increasing the available water supply in the receiving areas. This promotes economic and social development and changes in water intake methods in these areas, impacting carbon emissions from water use and consumption. It also affects industrial structure, energy structure, and technological development, indirectly influencing water use and carbon emissions. For the source areas, environmental protection restrictions also affect water use structure and carbon emissions. Furthermore, carbon emissions per unit of water consumption also change. In the context of sustainable development, exploring the impacts of inter-basin water transfer projects on water use and carbon emissions, and the underlying mechanisms, is of great significance.

[0003] Current research on the impacts of inter-basin water transfer projects mainly focuses on the costs incurred during project construction and operation, carbon emissions, changes in carbon storage in the receiving area, water resource scarcity and unequal distribution, eco-hydrological processes, and the impact on climate and the ecological environment. This study uses methods such as setting evaluation indicators, establishing regression prediction models, life cycle assessment, input-output analysis, machine learning, scenario setting, and sampling measurements to compare changes in the research subjects before and after water transfer projects, exploring the beneficial or adverse impacts of inter-basin water transfer project construction. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to at least partially solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] Therefore, one objective of this invention is to provide a quantitative analysis method for water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water transfer project. By introducing the concept of water carbon intensity and exploring the variation law of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area under the operation of inter-basin water transfer projects, water resource utilization and carbon emissions are coupled, revealing the impact of inter-basin water transfer on carbon emissions in the three sectors (production, ecology, and life), which is beneficial to guiding production practices and promoting the achievement of sustainable development goals.

[0006] Another objective of this invention is to provide a quantitative analysis system for water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of the present invention include:

[0008] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project, including:

[0009] Obtain water and carbon-related data for the study area during the study period, and preprocess the water and carbon-related data;

[0010] The total water consumption and total carbon emissions of the study area during the study period are determined based on the water and carbon related data.

[0011] The water-carbon intensity of the study area during the study period is determined based on the total water consumption and the total carbon emissions.

[0012] Based on the water carbon intensity, the change in water carbon intensity in the study area during the study period is determined, and an attribution analysis is performed on the change in water carbon intensity to obtain the contribution of several driving factors to the change in water carbon intensity.

[0013] The study area includes the water receiving area and water source area of ​​the inter-basin water transfer project, and the study period includes the period before water transfer and the period after water transfer.

[0014] Furthermore, the water-carbon related data includes crop distribution, irrigation distribution, sectoral energy consumption and carbon emission factors, sectoral water consumption, and regional GDP. The preprocessing of the water-carbon related data includes:

[0015] The grid data of the crop distribution and the irrigation distribution are cropped, aligned, and resampled.

[0016] Missing data on energy consumption and water consumption of the aforementioned departments were filled in.

[0017] Furthermore, determining the total water consumption of the study area during the study period based on the water-carbon correlation data includes:

[0018] Industrial water consumption, domestic water consumption, and ecological water consumption are determined based on the water consumption of the aforementioned departments;

[0019] Agricultural water consumption is determined using the Penman formula based on the crop distribution and the irrigation distribution.

[0020] The total water consumption is determined based on the industrial water consumption, the domestic water consumption, the ecological water consumption, and the agricultural water consumption.

[0021] Furthermore, determining the total carbon emissions of the study area during the study period based on the water-carbon correlation data includes:

[0022] The consumption of various types of energy is determined based on the energy consumption of the aforementioned departments;

[0023] The consumption of each type of energy is converted into the standard consumption of each type of energy, and the total carbon emissions are determined based on the standard consumption of each type of energy and the carbon emission factor of each type of energy.

[0024] Furthermore, determining the water-carbon intensity of the study area during the study period based on the total water consumption and the total carbon emissions includes:

[0025] The water-carbon intensity of the study area during the study period was calculated according to a first mathematical formula, which is:

[0026]

[0027] Wherein, WCI is the water carbon intensity of the study area during the study period, C is the total carbon emissions of the study area during the study period, and W is the total water consumption of the study area during the study period.

[0028] Furthermore, determining the change in water carbon intensity in the study area during the study period based on the water carbon intensity includes:

[0029] Obtain the initial water and carbon intensity of the study area during the study period;

[0030] Obtain the water and carbon intensity of the study area at the end of the study period;

[0031] The change in water carbon intensity is determined based on the initial water carbon intensity and the final water carbon intensity.

[0032] Furthermore, the driving factors include water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors. The attribution analysis of the change in water carbon intensity yields the contribution of several driving factors to the change in water carbon intensity, including:

[0033] Based on the logarithmic mean Dichotomy index method, the contributions of water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors to the change in water carbon intensity are determined according to a second mathematical formula. The second mathematical formula is:

[0034]

[0035] Among them, WCI t For the water and carbon intensity in year t, C tFor carbon emissions in year t, W t Let be the water consumption in year t. Y represents the carbon emissions of the i-th energy source in year t; t E represents the regional GDP in year t. t Let be the total energy consumption in year t; Let a be the consumption of energy type i in year t; t Let e ​​be the water use efficiency in year t; t Let be the energy intensity in year t; The energy structure for year t; ΔWCI is the carbon emission factor of the i-th energy source in year t. t Let be the change in water and carbon intensity in year t. The contribution of water use efficiency to the change in water carbon intensity. The contribution of the energy intensity to the change in the water-carbon intensity. The contribution of the energy structure to the change in water-carbon intensity. The contribution of the carbon emission factor to the change in water carbon intensity. For the water and carbon intensity of the i-th energy source in year t, Let be the water carbon intensity in the initial year of the i-th energy source.

[0036] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a water carbon intensity quantification analysis system for the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project, comprising:

[0037] The data acquisition and preprocessing module is used to acquire water and carbon-related data of the study area during the study period and to preprocess the water and carbon-related data.

[0038] The total water consumption and total carbon emissions determination module is used to determine the total water consumption and total carbon emissions of the study area during the study period based on the water and carbon related data.

[0039] A water-carbon intensity determination module is used to determine the water-carbon intensity of the study area during the study period based on the total water consumption and the total carbon emissions.

[0040] The water carbon intensity change analysis module is used to determine the change in water carbon intensity in the study area during the study period based on the water carbon intensity, and to perform attribution analysis on the change in water carbon intensity to obtain the contribution of several driving factors to the change in water carbon intensity.

[0041] The study area includes the water receiving area and water source area of ​​the inter-basin water transfer project, and the study period includes the period before water transfer and the period after water transfer.

[0042] Thirdly, embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus, comprising:

[0043] At least one processor;

[0044] At least one memory for storing at least one program;

[0045] When the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor implements the above-described method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project.

[0046] Fourthly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a processor-executable program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to perform the above-described method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project.

[0047] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention:

[0048] This invention proposes the concept of water carbon intensity, defining it as carbon emissions per unit of water consumption, and applies it to the study of the impact of inter-basin water transfer projects. It investigates the changes in carbon emission effects per unit of water consumption, providing a new approach to assessing the social and environmental impacts of water transfer projects. By calculating the trends of water carbon intensity changes in the receiving and source areas before and after water transfer, the invention analyzes the comprehensive impact of inter-basin water transfer projects on regional water resource utilization and carbon emissions from the perspective of water-carbon coupling. Furthermore, it decomposes the changes in water carbon intensity into four contributions: water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors. This provides targeted guidance for efficient water resource utilization and carbon reduction practices in both the receiving and source areas. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 A schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a water carbon intensity quantitative analysis system for a water diversion project's water receiving area and water source area, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0052] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The step numbers in the following embodiments are set only for ease of explanation, and there is no limitation on the order between the steps. The execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adaptively adjusted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0053] In the description of this invention, "multiple" means two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or the order of the indicated technical features. Furthermore, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0054] Existing technologies mainly explore the impact of inter-basin water transfer projects on the social environment from the perspectives of single water resource utilization or carbon emissions. Furthermore, research on the impact of carbon emissions mainly focuses on the carbon emissions generated during the construction and operation of the projects themselves, while there has been no in-depth study on the carbon emission effects generated during the utilization of water transferred by inter-basin water transfer projects.

[0055] Driven by the Sustainable Development Goals, the environmental impact assessment of inter-basin water transfer projects urgently needs to shift from a single dimension of water resources or carbon emissions to a water-carbon coupling perspective. Inter-basin water transfer may trigger a dynamic response in carbon emissions by altering the water use structure, energy consumption patterns, and industrial layout of both the receiving and source water areas, thereby affecting regional carbon emission trends and the carbon neutrality process. On the one hand, the water transfer to the receiving area may reduce groundwater over-extraction, promote the expansion of water-intensive industries, or facilitate water-saving technological innovation; the inhibitory or promoting effects of these pathways on carbon emissions are not yet clear. On the other hand, ecological protection policies implemented by the source water area to ensure water quality may restrict local industrial development, impacting carbon emissions. Furthermore, previous environmental assessments often analyzed water resource utilization and carbon emission intensity separately, neglecting the spatiotemporal evolution of their synergistic indicators.

[0056] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention proposes the concept and calculation method of water carbon intensity, defining it as the carbon emissions generated per unit of water consumption. By exploring the variation patterns of water carbon intensity in the receiving and source areas under the operation of inter-basin water transfer projects, this invention couples water resource utilization with carbon emissions, revealing the impact of inter-basin water transfer on carbon emissions from the three sectors (life sciences, ecology, and environment). Furthermore, this invention proposes using the LMDI method for attribution analysis of water carbon intensity variations, decomposing these variations into contributions from four components: water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors, thus exploring the underlying mechanisms by which inter-basin water transfer projects affect water carbon intensity. The final results can provide a reference for the coordinated achievement of efficient water resource utilization and carbon emission reduction targets in the receiving and source areas under the operation of inter-basin water transfer projects.

[0057] This invention introduces the concept of water-carbon intensity to quantify the water-carbon intensity in both the receiving and source areas of inter-basin water transfer projects before and after the transfer, analyzes the changing trends, and conducts attribution analysis to explore the driving factors. Compared with existing studies that only explore the impact of inter-basin water transfer projects from the perspective of single water resource use or carbon emissions, this invention quantifies the coupled impact of water transfer projects on regional water-carbon systems from the perspective of water-carbon coupling. It more clearly explores the impact and underlying mechanisms of spatial water transfer caused by the operation of inter-basin water transfer projects on carbon emissions at different social levels in different regions, which is beneficial for guiding production practices and promoting the achievement of sustainable development goals.

[0058] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps of a method for quantitatively analyzing the water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. (Refer to...) Figure 1 This invention provides a method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project, including:

[0059] S101. Obtain water and carbon-related data for the study area during the study period, and preprocess the water and carbon-related data.

[0060] In some alternative embodiments, the water-carbon related data includes crop distribution, irrigation distribution, sectoral energy consumption and carbon emission factors, sectoral water consumption, and regional GDP. Preprocessing of the water-carbon related data includes:

[0061] S1011. Clip, align, and resample the grid data for crop and irrigation distribution;

[0062] S1012. Fill in the missing data on departmental energy consumption and departmental water consumption.

[0063] Specifically, in S101, this embodiment collects data on crop distribution, irrigation distribution, meteorological data, sectoral (industrial, domestic, and ecological) water consumption, sectoral (agricultural, industrial, and domestic) energy consumption and carbon emission factors, and regional GDP in the water-receiving and water-source areas of the inter-basin water transfer project during the study period. The data is preprocessed, including grid data cropping, resampling, and missing data imputation.

[0064] S102. Determine the total water consumption and total carbon emissions in the study area during the study period based on water and carbon-related data;

[0065] In some alternative embodiments, the total water consumption in the study area during the study period is determined based on water and carbon correlation data, including:

[0066] A1. Determine industrial water consumption, domestic water consumption, and ecological water consumption based on departmental water consumption.

[0067] A2. Determine agricultural water consumption using the Penman formula based on crop and irrigation distribution;

[0068] A3. Determine the total water consumption based on industrial water consumption, domestic water consumption, ecological water consumption, and agricultural water consumption.

[0069] Specifically, in S102, this embodiment calculates and accumulates the water consumption of the three sectors (production (including agriculture and industry), domestic, and ecological) in the water-receiving area and the water source area. The industrial, domestic, and ecological water consumption is obtained directly from statistical data in the water resources bulletin. The water requirement for agricultural crops equals the water consumed during crop evapotranspiration. Agricultural water consumption is obtained by calculating the blue water consumption and green water consumption of crops using the Penman equation (blue water refers to surface water and groundwater used for crop production, and green water refers to rainfall during crop production). The Penman equation is a physical model that comprehensively considers temperature, wind speed, humidity, and radiation, and can be used to estimate the potential evapotranspiration during the crop growing season.

[0070] The specific steps are as follows:

[0071] 1) The daily potential evapotranspiration ET0 at the grid scale of the study area was calculated using the Penman formula and multiplied by the corresponding crop coefficient K. c Obtain the actual daily evapotranspiration ET a .

[0072] 2) By comparing the actual evapotranspiration ET a and effective rainfall P eff Delineate the blue water evaporation rate ET blue Effective rainfall was calculated using the SCS (soil conservation service) method recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

[0073] 3) The evaporation rate of blue water in the grid (ET) blue Multiplying this by the crop area on each grid gives the blue water consumption W. blue The crop area is calculated based on the area where the crop distribution and irrigation distribution overlap.

[0074] 4) The calculated daily blue water consumption at the grid scale is summed up to obtain the total blue water consumption for each grid in a year.

[0075] W blue =ET blue ×A×B

[0076] ET blue =max(0,ET) a -P eff )

[0077] ET a =K c ×ET0

[0078]

[0079] In the formula: W blue This refers to the amount of blue water consumed by crops, measured in cubic meters (m³). 3 ;ET blue A represents crop blue water evapotranspiration, in mm; A represents planting area, in km². 2 B is the unit conversion constant, which is 1000 here; Y is the total crop yield, in kg; ET a ET0 represents the actual evapotranspiration of the crop, in mm; ET0 represents the potential evapotranspiration of the crop, in mm; K c P is a crop coefficient used to convert potential evapotranspiration into actual evapotranspiration. eff P and R represent the effective daily rainfall and total daily rainfall during the crop growing season, respectively, in mm; n Net radiation on crop surface, measured in MJ m⁻¹ 2 d- 1 G represents soil heat flux, measured in MJ / m³. 2 d- 1 Here it is counted as 0; T is the average temperature, in °C; U2 is the wind speed at 2 meters above ground, in m / s; e s This is the saturated vapor pressure, in kPa; e a The measured vapor pressure is expressed in kPa; δ is the slope of the curve between saturated vapor pressure and temperature, expressed in kPa / ℃; γ is the hygrometer constant, expressed in kPa / ℃.

[0080] In some alternative embodiments, the total carbon emissions of the study area during the study period are determined based on water and carbon related data, including:

[0081] B1. Determine the consumption of various types of energy based on the department's energy consumption.

[0082] B2. Convert the consumption of various types of energy into standard consumption of various types of energy, and determine the total carbon emissions based on the standard consumption of various types of energy and the carbon emission factors of various types of energy.

[0083] Specifically, in S102 of this embodiment, the carbon emissions of each department are calculated and accumulated based on the annual energy consumption data and carbon emission factors of each department in each province. First, the consumption of various energy sources (including coal, oil, electricity, etc.) is statistically obtained based on the annual energy consumption data of each department in each province. The consumption of different energy sources is converted into standard coal equivalent and multiplied by the corresponding carbon emission factor to estimate carbon emissions. Then, it is multiplied by the carbon dioxide emission coefficient corresponding to a unit of standard coal to obtain the final total carbon emissions. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0084]

[0085] E i =D i E pi

[0086] In the formula: C represents carbon emissions; K i E represents the carbon emission coefficient of the i-th energy source; i D represents the consumption of the i-th energy source, calculated based on the mass of standard coal. i E is the conversion factor for converting the physical quantity of the i-th type of energy into its standard quantity; pi Let be the consumption of the i-th type of energy, calculated in physical quantities.

[0087] S103. Determine the water-carbon intensity of the study area during the study period based on total water consumption and total carbon emissions;

[0088] In some alternative embodiments, the water-carbon intensity of the study area during the study period is determined based on total water consumption and total carbon emissions, including:

[0089] The water-carbon intensity of the study area during the study period was calculated using the first mathematical formula, which is:

[0090]

[0091] Wherein, WCI is the water carbon intensity of the study area during the study period, C is the total carbon emissions of the study area during the study period, and W is the total water consumption of the study area during the study period.

[0092] Specifically, in this embodiment, water carbon intensity is defined as the carbon emissions generated per unit of water used, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] In the formula: WCI is the water carbon intensity of the calculation area, C is the carbon emissions of the area in that year, and W is the total water consumption of the area in that year.

[0095] S104. Determine the change in water carbon intensity in the study area during the study period based on water carbon intensity, conduct attribution analysis on the change in water carbon intensity, and obtain the contribution of several driving factors to the change in water carbon intensity.

[0096] The study area includes the water receiving area and water source area of ​​the inter-basin water transfer project, and the study period includes the period before water transfer and the period after water transfer.

[0097] In some alternative embodiments, the change in water carbon intensity in the study area during the study period is determined based on water carbon intensity, including:

[0098] C1. Obtain the initial water and carbon intensity of the study area during the study period;

[0099] C2. Obtain the water and carbon intensity of the study area at the end of the study period;

[0100] C3. Determine the change in water carbon intensity based on the initial and final water carbon intensity.

[0101] Specifically, in this implementation, the study period is first divided into two periods: before water transfer (t1) and after water transfer (t2) based on the operation time of the inter-basin water transfer project. The water carbon intensity of each province at the beginning and end of periods t1 and t2 is calculated. The absolute change ΔWCI is obtained by subtracting the initial water carbon intensity from the final water carbon intensity. Alternatively, it can be divided by the number of years in the corresponding period to obtain the average annual water carbon intensity change ΔWCI1 and ΔWCI2 for the two periods. This change serves as the target quantity for subsequent attribution analysis and will be further broken down into the contribution of multiple driving factors.

[0102] In some alternative embodiments, several driving factors, including water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors, are used to perform attribution analysis on the change in water carbon intensity, resulting in the contribution of several driving factors to the change in water carbon intensity, including:

[0103] Based on the logarithmic mean Dichotomy index method, the contributions of water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors to the change in water carbon intensity are determined according to the second mathematical formula, which is:

[0104]

[0105]

[0106] Among them, WCI t For the water and carbon intensity in year t, C t For carbon emissions in year t, W t Let be the water consumption in year t. Y represents the carbon emissions of the i-th energy source in year t; t E represents the regional GDP in year t. t Let be the total energy consumption in year t; Let a be the consumption of energy type i in year t; t Let e ​​be the water use efficiency in year t; t Let be the energy intensity in year t; The energy structure for year t; ΔWCI is the carbon emission factor of the i-th energy source in year t. t Let be the change in water and carbon intensity in year t. The contribution of water use efficiency to the change in water carbon intensity, The contribution of energy intensity to the change in water and carbon intensity, The contribution of energy structure to the change in water and carbon intensity, The contribution of carbon emission factors to the change in water carbon intensity. For the water and carbon intensity of the i-th energy source in year t, Let be the water carbon intensity in the initial year of the i-th energy source.

[0107] Specifically, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) is a decomposition method commonly used in energy consumption and carbon emission attribution analysis. Its basic idea is to decompose a composite index (such as water carbon intensity) into a product of multiple driving factors, and then calculate the contribution of each factor by comparing the numerical changes between the base period and the reporting period. In this embodiment, after obtaining the change in water carbon intensity, attribution analysis is performed on the change in water carbon intensity based on the LMDI method, decomposing the change in water carbon intensity into the contributions of four parts: water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors. The decomposition steps are as follows:

[0108]

[0109] In the formula: WCI t C t W t These refer to the water-carbon intensity, carbon emissions, and water consumption in year t, respectively. Y refers to the carbon emissions of the i-th energy source in year t; t E refers to the regional GDP in year t; t This refers to the total energy consumption in year t. Let a be the consumption of type i energy in year t; t Equation represents water use efficiency, i.e., the economic output per unit of water used in year t; t Energy intensity refers to the amount of energy consumed per unit of output in year t. This represents the energy structure, specifically the proportion of the consumption of energy type i in year t to the total energy consumption. ΔWCI represents the carbon emission factor of energy source i in year t; t This represents the change in water-carbon intensity. These represent the contributions of water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factor to changes in water carbon intensity, respectively. Since the carbon emission factor remains consistent across years, therefore... It is 0. Let i represent the water and carbon intensity of energy type i in year t and the initial year, respectively.

[0110] The contribution of each part in time periods t1 and t2 was calculated separately. The changes in the contribution of different parts in the water receiving area and the water source area were compared to analyze the impact mechanism of the inter-basin water transfer project on the regional water carbon intensity.

[0111] It can be recognized that the embodiments of the present invention propose the concept of water carbon intensity, which is defined as the carbon emissions generated per unit of water use, and apply it to the study of the impact of inter-basin water transfer projects. This study investigates the changes in the carbon emission effect per unit of water use, providing a new approach to the social and environmental impact assessment of water transfer projects. By calculating the water carbon intensity change trends in the water-receiving area and the water-source area before and after water transfer, the comprehensive impact of the operation of inter-basin water transfer projects on regional water resource utilization and carbon emissions is analyzed from the perspective of water-carbon coupling. The changes in water carbon intensity are decomposed into four contributions: water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factor. This can provide targeted guidance for the efficient utilization of water resources and carbon emission reduction practices in the water-receiving area and the water-source area.

[0112] The present invention will be further described below with reference to a specific embodiment:

[0113] The following are practical application cases using relevant water diversion projects as the research object:

[0114] Step 1: Data Collection and Preprocessing. Collect annual data on crop distribution, irrigation distribution, meteorological data, sectoral (industrial, domestic, and ecological) water consumption, sectoral (agricultural, industrial, and domestic) energy consumption and carbon emission factors, and regional GDP for the water-receiving and source areas of relevant water diversion projects from 2000 to 2022. Preprocess the data, including crop and irrigation distribution grid data being cropped to the same range, resampling to the same resolution, and imputing missing data on water consumption and energy consumption for some years.

[0115] Step 2, Calculate total water consumption. Calculate and sum the water consumption of each of the three sectors (industrial, domestic, and ecological) in both the water-receiving and water-source areas. Industrial, domestic, and ecological water consumption are collected from the annual water resources bulletins of each province. Agricultural water consumption is calculated using the Penman formula. The annual blue water consumption for different crop types is calculated separately, and the results are summed to obtain the total agricultural water consumption.

[0116] Step 3, Calculate total carbon emissions. Collect annual energy consumption data and carbon emission factor data for each province and department from the "China Energy Statistical Yearbook", calculate carbon emissions, and sum them up.

[0117] Step 4, Water Carbon Intensity Calculation. The water carbon intensity is calculated by dividing the carbon emissions for each year by the total water consumption. The water carbon intensity is then calculated for each province, and the changing trends are analyzed.

[0118] Step 5: Attribution analysis of water carbon intensity changes based on the LMDI method. The relevant water diversion project began operation in December 2014. Therefore, the study period of 2000-2022 is divided into two periods: before water diversion (t1, 2000-2014, 15 years) and after water diversion (t2, 2015-2022, 8 years), with 2015 as the dividing line. The water carbon intensity of each province at the beginning and end of periods t1 and t2 is calculated. The water carbon intensity of the initial period is subtracted from the water carbon intensity of the final period, and then divided by the number of years in the corresponding period to obtain the average annual water carbon intensity changes ΔWCI1 and ΔWCI2 for the two periods. Then, attribution analysis of water carbon intensity changes in the two periods is performed based on the LMDI method, decomposing the changes in water carbon intensity into four contributions: water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors.

[0119]

[0120] The contribution of each part in time periods t1 and t2 was calculated separately. The changes in the contribution of different parts in the water receiving area and the water source area were compared to analyze the impact mechanism of the inter-basin water transfer project on the regional water carbon intensity.

[0121] Reference Figure 2 This invention provides a system for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project, comprising:

[0122] The data acquisition and preprocessing module is used to acquire water and carbon-related data of the study area during the study period and to preprocess the water and carbon-related data.

[0123] The module for determining total water consumption and total carbon emissions is used to determine the total water consumption and total carbon emissions of the study area during the study period based on water and carbon-related data.

[0124] The water and carbon intensity determination module is used to determine the water and carbon intensity of the study area during the study period based on total water consumption and total carbon emissions;

[0125] The water carbon intensity variation analysis module is used to determine the water carbon intensity variation in the study area during the study period based on the water carbon intensity, perform attribution analysis on the water carbon intensity variation, and obtain the contribution of several driving factors to the water carbon intensity variation.

[0126] The study area includes the water receiving area and water source area of ​​the inter-basin water transfer project, and the study period includes the period before water transfer and the period after water transfer.

[0127] The content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this system embodiment. The specific functions implemented in this system embodiment are the same as those in the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved in the above method embodiments.

[0128] Reference Figure 3 This invention provides an apparatus comprising:

[0129] At least one processor;

[0130] At least one memory for storing at least one program;

[0131] When the above-mentioned at least one program is executed by the above-mentioned at least one processor, the above-mentioned at least one processor implements the above-mentioned method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project.

[0132] This invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a processor-executable program, which, when executed by a processor, performs the aforementioned method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project.

[0133] This invention provides a computer-readable storage medium that can execute a method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project, as provided in the method embodiments of this invention. It can execute any combination of the implementation steps of the method embodiments and has the corresponding functions and beneficial effects of the method.

[0134] This invention also discloses a computer program product or computer program, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of the device can read the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium and execute the computer instructions, causing the device to perform... Figure 1 The method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​the water diversion project is shown.

[0135] In some alternative embodiments, the functions / operations mentioned in the block diagrams may not occur in the order shown in the operation diagrams. For example, depending on the functions / operations involved, two consecutively shown blocks may actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or the aforementioned blocks may sometimes be executed in reverse order. Furthermore, the embodiments presented and described in the flowcharts of this invention are provided by way of example to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the technology. The disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logic flows presented herein. Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of various operations is changed and sub-operations described as part of a larger operation are executed independently.

[0136] Furthermore, although the invention has been described in the context of functional modules, it should be understood that, unless otherwise stated, one or more of the aforementioned functions and / or features may be integrated into a single physical device and / or software module, or one or more functions and / or features may be implemented in a separate physical device or software module. It is also understood that a detailed discussion of the actual implementation of each module is unnecessary for understanding the invention. Rather, given the properties, functions, and internal relationships of the various functional modules in the apparatus disclosed herein, the actual implementation of the module will be understood within the scope of conventional skill of an engineer. Therefore, those skilled in the art can implement the invention as set forth in the claims using ordinary techniques without excessive experimentation. It is also understood that the specific concepts disclosed are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is determined by the full scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0137] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, essentially, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0138] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0139] More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include: electrical connections (electronic devices) having one or more wires, portable computer disk drives (magnetic devices), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Furthermore, computer-readable media can even be paper or other suitable media on which the aforementioned program can be printed, because the aforementioned program can be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or, if necessary, processing in other suitable ways, and then stored in computer memory.

[0140] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0141] In the foregoing description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "another embodiment," or "some embodiments" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0142] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

[0143] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project, characterized in that, include: Obtain water and carbon-related data for the study area during the study period, and preprocess the water and carbon-related data; The total water consumption and total carbon emissions of the study area during the study period are determined based on the water and carbon related data. The water-carbon intensity of the study area during the study period is determined based on the total water consumption and the total carbon emissions. Based on the water carbon intensity, the change in water carbon intensity in the study area during the study period is determined, and an attribution analysis is performed on the change in water carbon intensity to obtain the contribution of several driving factors to the change in water carbon intensity. The study area includes the water receiving area and water source area of ​​the inter-basin water transfer project, and the study period includes the period before water transfer and the period after water transfer. The water and carbon related data includes crop distribution, irrigation distribution, sectoral energy consumption and carbon emission factors, sectoral water consumption, and regional GDP. The preprocessing of the water and carbon related data includes: The grid data of the crop distribution and the irrigation distribution are cropped, aligned, and resampled. Fill in the missing data on the energy consumption and water consumption of the aforementioned departments; The driving factors include water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors. The attribution analysis of the change in water carbon intensity yields the contribution of several driving factors to the change in water carbon intensity, including: Based on the logarithmic mean Dichotomy index method, the contributions of water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors to the change in water carbon intensity are determined according to a second mathematical formula. The second mathematical formula is: in, For the water and carbon intensity in year t, For the carbon emissions in year t, Let be the water consumption in year t. Let be the carbon emissions of the i-th energy source in year t; Let be the regional GDP in year t; Let be the total energy consumption in year t; Let i be the consumption of energy type i in year t. Let be the water usage efficiency in year t; Let be the energy intensity in year t; The energy structure for year t; Let be the carbon emission factor of the i-th energy source in year t; Let be the change in water and carbon intensity in year t. The contribution of water use efficiency to the change in water carbon intensity. The contribution of the energy intensity to the change in the water-carbon intensity. The contribution of the energy structure to the change in water-carbon intensity. The contribution of the carbon emission factor to the change in water carbon intensity. For the water and carbon intensity of the i-th energy source in year t, Let be the water and carbon intensity of the i-th energy source in year t.

2. The method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the total water consumption of the study area during the study period based on the water-carbon correlation data includes: Industrial water consumption, domestic water consumption, and ecological water consumption are determined based on the water consumption of the aforementioned departments; Agricultural water consumption is determined using the Penman formula based on the crop distribution and the irrigation distribution. The total water consumption is determined based on the industrial water consumption, the domestic water consumption, the ecological water consumption, and the agricultural water consumption.

3. The method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the total carbon emissions of the study area during the study period based on the water-carbon correlation data includes: The consumption of various types of energy is determined based on the energy consumption of the aforementioned departments; The consumption of each type of energy is converted into the standard consumption of each type of energy, and the total carbon emissions are determined based on the standard consumption of each type of energy and the carbon emission factor of each type of energy.

4. The method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the water-carbon intensity of the study area during the study period based on the total water consumption and the total carbon emissions includes: The water-carbon intensity of the study area during the study period was calculated according to a first mathematical formula, which is: Wherein, WCI is the water carbon intensity of the study area during the study period, C is the total carbon emissions of the study area during the study period, and W is the total water consumption of the study area during the study period.

5. The method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the change in water carbon intensity in the study area during the study period based on the water carbon intensity includes: Obtain the initial water and carbon intensity of the study area during the study period; Obtain the water and carbon intensity of the study area at the end of the study period; The change in water carbon intensity is determined based on the initial water carbon intensity and the final water carbon intensity.

6. A system for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition and preprocessing module is used to acquire water and carbon-related data of the study area during the study period and to preprocess the water and carbon-related data. The total water consumption and total carbon emissions determination module is used to determine the total water consumption and total carbon emissions of the study area during the study period based on the water and carbon related data. A water-carbon intensity determination module is used to determine the water-carbon intensity of the study area during the study period based on the total water consumption and the total carbon emissions. The water carbon intensity change analysis module is used to determine the change in water carbon intensity in the study area during the study period based on the water carbon intensity, and to perform attribution analysis on the change in water carbon intensity to obtain the contribution of several driving factors to the change in water carbon intensity. The study area includes the water receiving area and water source area of ​​the inter-basin water transfer project, and the study period includes the period before water transfer and the period after water transfer. The water and carbon related data includes crop distribution, irrigation distribution, sectoral energy consumption and carbon emission factors, sectoral water consumption, and regional GDP. The preprocessing of the water and carbon related data includes: The grid data of the crop distribution and the irrigation distribution are cropped, aligned, and resampled. Fill in the missing data on the energy consumption and water consumption of the aforementioned departments; The driving factors include water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors. The attribution analysis of the change in water carbon intensity yields the contribution of several driving factors to the change in water carbon intensity, including: Based on the logarithmic mean Dichotomy index method, the contributions of water use efficiency, energy intensity, energy structure, and carbon emission factors to the change in water carbon intensity are determined according to a second mathematical formula. The second mathematical formula is: in, For the water and carbon intensity in year t, For the carbon emissions in year t, Let be the water consumption in year t. Let be the carbon emissions of the i-th energy source in year t; Let be the regional GDP in year t; Let be the total energy consumption in year t; Let i be the consumption of energy type i in year t. Let be the water usage efficiency in year t; Let be the energy intensity in year t; The energy structure for year t; Let be the carbon emission factor of the i-th energy source in year t; Let be the change in water and carbon intensity in year t. The contribution of water use efficiency to the change in water carbon intensity. The contribution of the energy intensity to the change in the water-carbon intensity. The contribution of the energy structure to the change in water-carbon intensity. The contribution of the carbon emission factor to the change in water carbon intensity. For the water and carbon intensity of the i-th energy source in year t, Let be the water and carbon intensity of the i-th energy source in year t.

7. A computer device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor; At least one memory for storing at least one program; When the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor implements a method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project as described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. A computer-readable storage medium storing a processor-executable program, characterized in that, The program executable by the processor is used, when executed by the processor, to perform a method for quantitative analysis of water carbon intensity in the water receiving area and water source area of ​​a water diversion project as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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