A method for estimating the remaining charging time of a battery and an electric device

Abstract

The application relates to a battery charging residual time estimation method and a power consumption device. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, obtaining a constant current cut-off SOC value of a battery when a constant current charging stage enters a constant voltage charging stage; then, based on the constant current cut-off SOC value, sequentially dividing preset SOC values of the battery into a plurality of first charging intervals; based on a current SOC value and the constant current cut-off SOC value, determining a target stage of the battery at a current time and a plurality of second charging intervals from the current time to fullness, wherein the plurality of second charging intervals belong to a subset of a set formed by the plurality of first charging intervals, the target stage is the constant current charging stage or the constant voltage charging stage; determining charging parameters of each second charging interval, wherein the charging parameters comprise battery characteristic parameters, a charging current and a charging efficiency; finally, according to the charging parameters, the constant current cut-off SOC value and an actual battery capacity of the battery, estimating the charging residual time of the battery. The method improves estimation accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of charging, and in particular to a method for estimating the remaining charging time of a battery and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] In modern electronic devices, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems, accurate estimation of remaining battery charging time is crucial for device usability and user experience. In related technologies, calculating remaining battery charging time often considers only a single parameter, such as dividing the current remaining battery capacity by the charging power of the energy storage system.

[0003] This approach has significant shortcomings. It fails to consider the dynamic changes in charging efficiency and battery characteristics. For example, the charging efficiency of lithium batteries changes at low temperatures, and estimation using a single parameter can lead to errors. Furthermore, the charging characteristics of a battery vary with the number of uses, ambient temperature, and battery aging. During charging, the battery's internal resistance gradually increases, and its rechargeable capacity gradually decreases. Moreover, it ignores the nonlinearity of the charging process. For instance, the characteristics of lithium-ion batteries differ greatly at different charging stages, and linear estimation cannot reflect the actual progress, resulting in low estimation accuracy and a discrepancy between the estimated and actual charging times. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of this application aim to provide a method and electrical device for estimating the remaining charging time of a battery, which can accurately estimate the remaining charging time of the battery.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a method for estimating the remaining charging time of a battery, comprising:

[0007] Obtain the constant current cutoff SOC value of the battery when it transitions from the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage;

[0008] Based on the constant current cutoff SOC value, the preset SOC value of the battery is sequentially divided into multiple first charging intervals;

[0009] Based on the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value, the target stage of the battery at the current moment and multiple second charging intervals from the current moment to full charge are determined, wherein the multiple second charging intervals are subsets of a set formed by multiple first charging intervals, and the target stage is a constant current charging stage or a constant voltage charging stage.

[0010] Determine the charging parameters for each of the second charging zones, including battery characteristic parameters, charging current, and charging efficiency;

[0011] Based on the charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value, and the actual battery capacity, estimate the remaining charging time of the battery.

[0012] In some embodiments, dividing the preset SOC value of the battery into a plurality of first charging intervals sequentially includes:

[0013] The range from zero to the constant current cutoff SOC value is divided into the first first charging interval;

[0014] Divide the constant current cutoff SOC value to the preset SOC value into equal or unequal intervals to obtain the second first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval.

[0015] In some embodiments, determining the target stage of the battery at the current moment and multiple second charging intervals from the current moment to full charge based on the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value includes:

[0016] If the current SOC value is less than the constant current cutoff SOC value, then the target stage is the constant current charging stage, and the first first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval are determined as the first second charging interval to the Nth second charging interval.

[0017] If the current SOC value is greater than or equal to the constant current cutoff SOC value, then the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, and it is determined which first charging interval the current SOC value is located in;

[0018] If the current SOC value is located in the xth first charging interval, then the xth to the Nth first charging intervals are respectively the first to the Mth second charging intervals, where M = N - x + 1.

[0019] In some embodiments, determining the charging parameters of each of the second charging intervals includes obtaining the charging current corresponding to each of the second charging intervals, including:

[0020] Establish a current mapping table, which includes the correspondence between each of the first charging intervals and the maximum allowable current;

[0021] The current state of the battery is determined based on the actual current of the battery at the current moment. The state includes charging state, standby state, and discharging state.

[0022] Based on the current state of the battery, the target stage at the current moment, the current mapping table, and the actual current of the battery at the current moment, the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval is determined.

[0023] In some embodiments, when the target stage is a constant current charging stage, determining the charging current corresponding to each of the second charging intervals based on the current state, the target stage at the current time, the current mapping table, and the actual current of the battery at the current time includes:

[0024] When the state is a discharge state or a standby state, the i-th charging current corresponding to the i-th second charging interval is set to the maximum allowable current corresponding to the i-th first charging interval in the current mapping table, where 1≤i≤N;

[0025] When the state is charging, the first charging current corresponding to the first second charging interval is set as the actual current of the battery at the current moment, and the second to Nth charging currents corresponding to the second to Nth second charging intervals are determined according to the actual current and the current mapping table.

[0026] In some embodiments, when the target stage is a constant voltage charging stage, determining the charging current corresponding to each of the second charging intervals based on the current state, the target stage at the current time, the current mapping table, and the actual current of the battery at the current time includes:

[0027] When the state is a discharge state or a standby state, the charging current of the first second charging interval to the Mth second charging interval is set to the maximum allowable current corresponding to the xth to Nth first charging intervals in the current mapping table, where 2≤x≤N, M=N-x+1;

[0028] When the state is charging, the charging current for the first second charging interval to the Mth second charging interval is determined based on the actual current and the current mapping table.

[0029] In some embodiments, when the state is a charging state, determining the charging current for any second charging interval based on the actual current and the current mapping table includes:

[0030] The charging current of any second charging interval is the smaller value between the maximum allowable current of the first charging interval corresponding to that second charging interval in the current mapping table and the actual current of the battery at the current moment.

[0031] In some embodiments, determining the charging parameters for each of the second charging intervals includes obtaining the charging efficiency corresponding to each of the second charging intervals:

[0032] Establish a charging efficiency mapping table, which includes the correspondence between each charging current and the charging efficiency;

[0033] In the charging efficiency mapping table, find the charging efficiency corresponding to the charging current of each second charging interval.

[0034] In some embodiments, the battery characteristic parameters include a temperature correction coefficient, and determining the charging parameters for each of the second charging intervals includes obtaining the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals:

[0035] Establish a temperature mapping table, which includes the correspondence between temperature and temperature correction factor;

[0036] The target temperature correction coefficient corresponding to the current temperature of the battery is found in the temperature mapping table, and the target temperature correction coefficient is determined as the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals.

[0037] In some embodiments, the battery characteristic parameters include consistency parameters, and determining the charging parameters for each of the second charging intervals includes obtaining the consistency parameters corresponding to each of the second charging intervals:

[0038] Measure the voltage of each individual cell in the battery;

[0039] Calculate the average voltage of each individual cell;

[0040] The standard deviation is determined based on the average voltage;

[0041] The consistency parameter is determined based on the standard deviation and average voltage:

[0042] ;

[0043] in, For the consistency parameter, The standard deviation is... The average voltage is denoted as .

[0044] In some embodiments, when the target stage is a constant current charging stage, estimating the remaining charging time of the battery includes:

[0045] The remaining charging time of the battery can be estimated using the following formula:

[0046] ;

[0047] ;

[0048] ;

[0049] in, The remaining charging time for the battery. For constant current charging time, The constant voltage charging time. The first charging current of the first of the second charging zones. Let be the i-th charging current in the i-th second charging interval, and 2≤i≤N. This represents the current SOC value of the battery at the current moment. The constant current cutoff SOC value is... This represents the SOC difference for the i-th second charging interval. The charging efficiency for the first and second charging intervals. Let be the charging efficiency of the i-th second charging interval. This refers to the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals. The consistency parameters are defined for each of the second charging intervals, wherein the battery characteristic parameters include the temperature correction coefficient and the consistency parameters.

[0050] When the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated, including:

[0051] The remaining charging time of the battery can be estimated using the following formula:

[0052] ;

[0053] ;

[0054] in, The remaining charging time for the battery. For constant current charging time, The constant voltage charging time. Let M be the j-th charging current in the j-th second charging interval, 1≤j≤M. This represents the current SOC value of the battery at the current moment. Let SOC be the difference in the j-th second charging interval. Let be the charging efficiency of the j-th second charging interval. This refers to the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals. The consistency parameter is the parameter corresponding to each of the second charging intervals.

[0055] In a second aspect, embodiments of this application provide an electrical device, the electrical device including a battery and a battery management system, the battery management system being electrically connected to the battery;

[0056] The battery management system includes:

[0057] At least one processor; and,

[0058] A non-volatile memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, the non-volatile memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the battery charging remaining time estimation method as described above.

[0059] In various embodiments of this application, the method for estimating the remaining charging time of the battery includes first obtaining the constant current cutoff SOC value of the battery when it transitions from the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage; then, based on the constant current cutoff SOC value, dividing the battery's preset SOC value into multiple first charging intervals in sequence; then, based on the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value, determining the target stage the battery is currently in and multiple second charging intervals from the current time until it is fully charged, wherein the multiple second charging intervals are subsets of a set formed by multiple first charging intervals, and the target stage is either the constant current charging stage or the constant voltage charging stage; then, determining the charging parameters for each second charging interval, including battery characteristic parameters, charging current, and charging efficiency; and finally, estimating the remaining charging time of the battery based on the charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value, and the actual battery capacity.

[0060] The method for estimating the remaining charging time of this battery comprehensively considers the current target stage of the battery and the charging parameters of each second charging interval. Based on multiple charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value and the actual battery capacity, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated. This method comprehensively considers multiple influencing factors, avoids the one-sidedness of estimation with a single parameter, and makes the expected charging time closer to the actual charging time, thus improving the accuracy of the estimation. Attached Figure Description

[0061] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0062] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of one of the charging systems provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0063] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating one of the battery charging remaining time estimation methods provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0064] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating step S40;

[0065] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Another flowchart of step S40;

[0066] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Another flowchart of step S40;

[0067] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery charging remaining time estimation device provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of one of the battery management systems provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0069] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0070] Please see Figure 1 This application provides a charging system 100, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the charging system 100 includes a charging device 10 and a user device 20. The charging device 10 is used to electrically connect to an external power source 200. The charging device 10 and the user device 20 can be connected via a connecting cable or wirelessly. The charging device 10 obtains electrical energy from the external power source 200 and then charges the user device 20. The charging device 10 and the user device can be charged via a connecting cable, or wireless charging or universal charging, etc.

[0071] In some embodiments, the charging device 10 can be a power adapter, such as a mobile phone charger, car charger, computer charging port, or other rechargeable electronic devices. The charging device 10 is connected to an external power source 200, which converts and processes the voltage of the external power source 200 before supplying it to the device 20.

[0072] In some embodiments, the external power source 200 refers to the power obtained after the charging device 10 is plugged into the socket, which is mains power or power obtained after mains power conversion.

[0073] In some embodiments, electrical equipment 20 refers to electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers, headphones, tablets, drones, camera equipment, or wearable devices (such as watches or bracelets).

[0074] The electrical device 20 in this embodiment includes multiple battery modules 21 and a battery management system 22. Each battery module 21 includes multiple individual batteries connected in parallel, series, or mixed connections for storing and providing electrical energy; mixed connections include both series and parallel connections. The battery modules 21 and the battery management system 22 (BMS) together constitute a battery pack. The BMS manages the charging and / or discharging of the battery modules 21 and is also used to monitor, manage, and protect the performance and safety of the battery modules 21.

[0075] When charging electrical equipment, it's necessary to estimate the remaining charging time of the battery, also known as the estimated full charge time. Estimating the remaining charging time is crucial for several reasons, primarily: it optimizes energy management, allows for more rational electricity usage planning, and accurately determining the estimated charging time helps maintenance personnel plan maintenance work in advance, thus ensuring system reliability. Furthermore, the estimated charging time is a key indicator for evaluating system and charging equipment performance. Long-term monitoring and analysis of changes in the estimated charging time reveals the aging of the equipment and the operational status of the charging equipment. If the estimated charging time gradually lengthens, it may indicate battery capacity degradation or reduced charging equipment efficiency, allowing for timely intervention, such as battery replacement or charging equipment repair, to maintain optimal system performance. Additionally, in areas with time-of-use pricing, users can choose to charge during periods of lower electricity prices, based on the estimated charging time and the price differences at different times of the day, thereby reducing electricity costs.

[0076] In related technologies, the estimated charging time is obtained by dividing the remaining capacity (capacity to be charged) of the energy storage system by the charging power. However, this traditional method for calculating the charging time has the following drawbacks:

[0077] 1. Failure to consider charging efficiency: In actual system charging processes, energy loss occurs, and charging efficiency is not 100%. For example, due to the irreversibility of chemical reactions inside the battery and circuit resistance, not all the input electrical energy can be converted into chemical energy stored in the battery. If charging efficiency is not considered, simply calculating by dividing capacity by power will underestimate the actual charging time, leading to inaccurate estimates of charging completion time.

[0078] Second, neglecting changes in battery characteristics: The charging characteristics of a battery change with factors such as the number of uses, ambient temperature, and battery aging. During charging, the battery's internal resistance gradually increases, and its chargeable capacity gradually decreases. Simple calculation methods do not consider these changes, leading to significant discrepancies between calculated results and actual conditions. For example, in low-temperature environments, the battery's chemical reaction rate slows down, its charge acceptance decreases, and the actual charging time will be much longer than the theoretically calculated time.

[0079] Third, the nonlinearity of the charging process is not considered: The charging process is not a constant power, linear process. Typically, charging may initially proceed in a constant current mode with relatively stable power, but towards the end of the charging process, it enters a constant voltage charging phase, where the charging current gradually decreases, and the power changes accordingly. A simple capacity-to-power calculation method cannot reflect this nonlinear change in the charging process, leading to a discrepancy between the calculated full-charge time and the actual time.

[0080] To address the aforementioned issues, this application proposes a method for estimating the remaining charging time of a battery. The method includes: first, obtaining the constant current cutoff SOC value of the battery when it transitions from a constant current charging stage to a constant voltage charging stage; second, based on the constant current cutoff SOC value, sequentially dividing the battery's preset SOC value into multiple first charging intervals; third, determining the target stage the battery is currently in and multiple second charging intervals from the current moment until full charge based on the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value, wherein the multiple second charging intervals are subsets of a set formed by multiple first charging intervals, and the target stage is either a constant current charging stage or a constant voltage charging stage; fourth, determining the charging parameters for each second charging interval, including battery characteristic parameters, charging current, and charging efficiency; and finally, estimating the remaining charging time of the battery based on the charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value, and the actual battery capacity.

[0081] The method for estimating the remaining charging time of this battery comprehensively considers the current target stage of the battery and the charging parameters of each second charging interval. Based on multiple charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value and the actual battery capacity, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated. This method comprehensively considers multiple influencing factors, avoids the one-sidedness of estimation with a single parameter, and makes the expected charging time closer to the actual charging time, thus improving the accuracy of the estimation.

[0082] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for estimating the remaining charging time of a battery according to an embodiment of this application. The method S100 includes, but is not limited to, the following steps:

[0083] S10: Obtain the constant current cutoff SOC value of the battery when it transitions from the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage;

[0084] S20: Based on the constant current cutoff SOC value, the preset SOC value of the battery is sequentially divided into multiple first charging intervals;

[0085] Capacity refers to the total amount of electrical energy a battery can release when fully charged. Capacity is used to measure a battery's energy storage capacity and is an important parameter when purchasing batteries or devices (such as the capacity of power banks and electric vehicle batteries).

[0086] The State of Charge (SOC), also known as the remaining capacity, represents the percentage of a battery's total capacity that is still available. It is used to measure the current amount of usable electricity remaining in the battery.

[0087] The preset SOC value refers to the SOC value that the battery is expected to reach during charging. It is the target SOC value, which can be a user-set value or a default value of 100%. When the preset SOC value is reached, it means that the battery is fully charged. In this embodiment, the preset SOC value is 100%.

[0088] Battery charging generally consists of two stages: a constant current stage and a constant voltage stage. In the initial stage of charging, the battery voltage is relatively low, so a constant current is typically used to quickly replenish the battery's charge. During this stage, the battery absorbs energy at a relatively stable rate, the charging current remains essentially constant, and the battery voltage gradually increases as charging progresses. When the battery voltage reaches near full charge, it enters the constant voltage charging stage. At this point, to prevent overcharging, the charging power supply maintains a constant output voltage. As the battery charge continues to increase, the charging current gradually decreases until the battery is nearly fully charged, at which point the current drops to a very low value.

[0089] The constant current cutoff SOC value is the battery's SOC when constant current charging is cut off, and is generally used as the SOC value. CC SOC indicates. cc This was obtained through extensive experimental testing. The specific experimental testing steps are as follows:

[0090] Step 1: Initial State Check: Fully discharge to the cutoff voltage (e.g., discharge a lithium-ion battery to 2.5V), and after resting, confirm that the SOC = 0%;

[0091] Step 2: Constant current charging process:

[0092] 1) Set the output current of the constant current source to a predetermined charging current value. This current value is generally determined based on the battery capacity and the charging rate recommended by the battery manufacturer. For example, for a battery with a capacity of 1Ah, the charging current can be set to 1A.

[0093] 2) Turn on the constant current source to charge the battery, and simultaneously monitor and record the battery voltage in real time at regular intervals using a voltage monitoring device. During the charging process, closely monitor the battery voltage changes and the battery's appearance to ensure that the battery is charging normally and that there are no abnormal phenomena such as overheating or bulging.

[0094] Step 3: Determine SOC cc .

[0095] As charging progresses, the battery voltage will gradually increase. When the battery voltage rises to near but not yet reaches the battery's charging cutoff voltage, the voltage change needs to be observed more carefully. Generally, in the later stages of constant current charging, the rate of voltage increase will gradually slow down. When the rate of voltage increase becomes very slow, and the voltage change is less than a certain threshold (e.g., 50mV) within a certain time period (e.g., 5 consecutive minutes), the battery can be considered to be about to reach the constant current cutoff state, and the SOC at this point is defined as the State of Charge (SOC). cc To improve accuracy, the SOC was determined by combining data and analysis results from multiple experiments. cc The value of .

[0096] In step S20, based on the constant current cutoff SOC value, the preset SOC value of the battery is sequentially divided into multiple first charging intervals. Specifically, the range from zero to the constant current cutoff SOC value is divided into the first first charging interval, and the range from the constant current cutoff SOC value to the preset SOC value is divided at equal or unequal intervals to obtain the second to the Nth first charging intervals. The number of first charging intervals is N.

[0097] For example: The first charging range is: [0, SOC] cc [SOC] cc SOC cv1 [SOC] cv1 SOC cv2 ...[SOC cv(N-2) [,100%], where 100% is the preset SOC value, and the current SOC value is in the first charging range [0,100%]. cc When the current SOC value is in any of the charging intervals from the second first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval, the battery is in the constant current charging stage.

[0098] S30: Based on the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value, determine the target stage that the battery is currently in and multiple second charging intervals from the current time to full charge, wherein the multiple second charging intervals are subsets of a set formed by multiple first charging intervals, and the target stage is a constant current charging stage or a constant voltage charging stage.

[0099] The current SOC value refers to the initial SOC value used when calculating the remaining charging time of the battery. It is the SOC value at the current moment or the real-time SOC value, that is, the remaining capacity of the battery at the current moment. The stored SOC value is read from the non-volatile memory, and the initial SOC value is determined using the open-circuit voltage method. Then, the current SOC value is obtained using the ampere-hour integration method. actual .

[0100] Set the current SOC value to SOCactual SOC value of constant current cutoff cc The comparison is performed to determine the target stage of the battery at the current moment, and multiple second charging intervals are obtained based on the comparison results and the first charging interval.

[0101] Specifically, if the current SOC value is SOC actual less than the constant current cutoff SOC value cc The target stage is the constant current charging stage, and the first first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval are defined as the first second charging interval to the Nth second charging interval.

[0102] If the current SOC value is SOC actual Greater than or equal to the constant current cutoff SOC value cc The target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, and the current SOC value is determined. actual If it is located in which first charging interval, if the current SOC value is SOC actual When the first charging interval is x, the first charging intervals from x to N are the first second charging intervals to the Mth second charging intervals, respectively, where M = N - x + 1.

[0103] For example: The first charging ranges are: [0, SOC] cc [SOC] cc SOC cv1 [SOC] cv1 SOC cv2 ...[SOC cv(N-2) [,100%], if the current SOC value is SOC actual If SOC actual <SOC cc The target stage is the constant current charging stage, and the second charging intervals are: [0, SOC cc [SOC] cc SOC cv1 [SOC] cv1 SOC cv2 ...[SOC cv(N-2) [100%], and the number of second charging intervals is N. If SOC actual ≥SOC cc The target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, and the SOC actual When in the x-th first charging interval, if x=2, then the second charging intervals are respectively: [SOC] cc SOC cv1 [SOC] cv1 SOC cv2 ...[SOCcv(N-2) [100%], and the number of second charging intervals is M, where M = N - x + 1 = N - 1. If x > 2, then the second charging intervals are respectively: [SOC] cv(x-2) SOC cv(x-1) ...[SOC cv(N-2) [100%], and the number of second charging intervals is M; for example: if x=3, then the second charging intervals are respectively: [SOC] cv1 SOC cv2 ...[SOC cv(N-2) ,100%].

[0104] S40: Determine the charging parameters for each of the second charging zones, the charging parameters including battery characteristic parameters, charging current and charging efficiency;

[0105] The remaining charging time of a battery is estimated based on charging parameters, which include battery characteristic parameters, charging current, and charging efficiency. In other words, the remaining charging time is calculated by comprehensively considering multiple parameters. These charging parameters can be obtained experimentally beforehand and stored in non-volatile memory. When the remaining charging time needs to be calculated, they are retrieved from memory.

[0106] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, step S40 includes obtaining the charging current corresponding to each of the second charging intervals, specifically including:

[0107] S41: Establish a current mapping table, which includes the correspondence between each of the first charging intervals and the maximum allowable current;

[0108] S42: Determine the current state of the battery based on the actual current of the battery at the current moment. The state includes charging state, standby state, and discharging state.

[0109] The current mapping table was obtained through a large amount of experimental test data. The specific experimental test steps are as follows:

[0110] Step 1: Battery Pretreatment: Perform charge-discharge cycle pretreatment on the battery to activate the internal chemical reactions and bring the battery to a stable operating state. Typically, 3-5 complete charge-discharge cycles are performed. The charging and discharging cut-off voltages are set according to the battery's specifications.

[0111] Step 2: Charging Experiments at Different SOCs: Charge and discharge the battery to different SOC states, such as discharging the battery to SOC values ​​of 10%, 20%, 30%...90%, and 100%. At each SOC state, conduct charging experiments with different current values, starting with a smaller current and gradually increasing it, while monitoring battery parameters such as voltage and temperature. When the battery voltage abnormally increases, the temperature exceeds the safety threshold, or significant polarization occurs inside the battery, record the current value at that point. This current value is an approximation of the maximum permissible current at that SOC.

[0112] Step 3: Data Processing: The experimental data is processed and analyzed, removing outliers and data points with large errors. The maximum allowable current data for different SOCs are summarized to form the original dataset.

[0113] Step 4: Establish a mapping table: Based on the original dataset, divide the SOC corresponding to the same maximum allowable current value into an interval, obtain the maximum allowable current corresponding to each SOC interval, and establish a "SOC-maximum allowable current" relationship mapping table to obtain the current mapping table, as shown in Table 1:

[0114] Table 1 Current Mapping Table

[0115]

[0116] Among them, I ccmax This represents the maximum allowable current during the constant current charging phase. Ideally, the actual operating charging current during the constant current charging phase should be as close as possible to the calculated maximum allowable current I corresponding to the constant current phase. ccmax In actual operation, the charging device will attempt to charge according to the maximum allowable current I. ccmax Charging control is used to achieve optimal charging results. However, due to human operation settings or the charging equipment's own operating status and charging capacity, the actual charging current of the system may differ from the maximum allowable current I. ccmax Inconsistent.

[0117] Therefore, the system needs to detect the actual battery current I at the current moment. actual Then, based on the current state, determine whether the charging current I corresponding to each second charging interval is the maximum allowable current or the actual current for that interval.

[0118] I cv(N-1)maxThis indicates the maximum permissible current for each constant-voltage charging stage. During constant-voltage charging, as the battery approaches full charge, the rate of change in battery voltage gradually slows down. If charging continues at a high current at this point, the battery voltage will rise continuously, exceeding the battery's safe voltage range, leading to overcharging. This, in turn, degrades battery performance and reduces battery life. Therefore, during the constant-voltage charging stage, the maximum permissible current continuously decreases as the battery capacity increases, eventually approaching a very small trickle current value.

[0119] Similar to the constant current charging stage, the constant voltage charging stage also requires detecting the actual charging current of the battery at the current moment. Then, based on the current state, it is necessary to determine whether to select the maximum allowable current or the actual current for each second charging interval.

[0120] Therefore, before determining the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval, it is necessary to first determine the current state, which includes charging state, standby state, and discharging state. Charging state refers to the battery being powered by the power grid or other power supply equipment, while discharging state refers to the battery powering the load; the charging current and discharging current are in opposite directions.

[0121] The criteria for determining the current state are as follows: When the battery is charging, current flows into the battery from an external power source. In a circuit, the direction of current is defined as the direction of the directional movement of positive charges. Therefore, electrons flow into the battery from the negative terminal and out from the positive terminal, while the direction of current is from the positive terminal to the negative terminal. When the battery is discharging, the current flows from inside the battery to the external circuit, that is, from the positive terminal of the battery, through a load (such as a mobile phone, flashlight, or other electrical device), and then back to the negative terminal of the battery.

[0122] A Hall effect sensor can be used to detect the actual current I at the current moment. actual Set the first current threshold I threshold1 Set the second current threshold I threshold2 , if I threshold1 ≥I actual If I actual ≤(-I threshold2 If (-I), then the current state is determined to be a discharge state. threshold2 ) > I actual >I threshold1 If so, the current state is determined to be standby state.

[0123] Wherein, the first current threshold I threshold1 Second current threshold I threshold2 It can be obtained based on experience or defined according to specific system design requirements. In this embodiment, the first current threshold I threshold1It can be 0.5A, the second current threshold I. threshold2 It can be -0.6A, if the actual current I at the current moment... actual If the value is -0.3A, then the battery is currently in standby mode.

[0124] S43: Determine the charging current corresponding to each of the second charging intervals based on the current state of the battery, the target stage at the current time, the current mapping table, and the actual current of the battery at the current time.

[0125] The target stage and state of the battery at the current moment will affect the selection decision of the charging current corresponding to each second charging zone. The selection principle is different for different target stages and different states.

[0126] In some embodiments, the target stage of the battery at the current moment is the constant current charging stage. During the constant current charging stage, when the battery is currently in a discharging state or a standby state, the i-th charging current corresponding to the i-th second charging interval is set to the maximum allowable current corresponding to the i-th first charging interval in the current mapping table, where 1 ≤ i ≤ N; specifically, the first charging current I1 corresponding to the first second charging interval is the maximum allowable current I1 corresponding to the first first charging interval in the current mapping table. ccmax The second charging current I2 corresponding to the second second charging interval is the maximum allowable current I corresponding to the second first charging interval in the current mapping table. cv(1)max And so on, the Nth second charging current I corresponding to the Nth second charging interval N The maximum allowable current I corresponding to the Nth first charging interval in the current mapping table. cv(N-1)max .

[0127] In some embodiments, the target stage of the battery at the current moment is the constant current charging stage. During the constant current charging stage, when the battery is currently in a charging state, the first charging current corresponding to the first second charging interval is set as the actual current of the battery at the current moment; and the second to Nth charging currents corresponding to the second to Nth second charging intervals are determined according to the actual current and the current mapping table.

[0128] Specifically, the second to Nth charging currents corresponding to the second to Nth second charging intervals are determined according to the actual current and the current mapping table. Specifically, when the current state is charging, for any second charging interval from the second to the Nth second charging interval, the charging current of any second charging interval is the smaller value between the maximum allowable current of the first charging interval corresponding to that second charging interval and the actual current of the battery at the current moment.

[0129] That is, for the j-th second charging interval among the second to the N-th second charging intervals, obtain the maximum allowable current corresponding to the j-th second charging interval, which is the j-th maximum allowable current I corresponding to the j-th first charging interval in the current mapping table cv(j-1)max , where 1 < j ≤ N. Specifically, compare the actual charging current I actual with the maximum allowable current I cv(j-1)max , and take the minimum value as the predicted charging current in the constant voltage stage. If I actual <= I cv(j-1)max , then the charging current I j of the j-th second charging interval = I actual . If I actual > I cv(j-1)max , then the charging current I j of the j-th second charging = I cv(j-1)max .

[0130] For example, if the current SOC value SOC actual = 50% and the constant current cut-off SOC value SOC cc = 90%, it indicates that the current stage is the constant current charging stage. According to the current mapping table, the maximum allowable current I ccmax corresponding to the first first charging interval is 10A. When the state at the current moment is the charging state, considering the true charging ability of the power supply, for example, using PV charging, due to weak light, the actual charging current I actual is only 2A, then the first charging current I1 corresponding to the first second charging interval is determined as the actual current I actual = 2A.

[0131] In some embodiments, when the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, the number of second charging intervals is M, and when the current SOC value is in the x-th first charging interval, the x-th to the N-th first charging intervals are respectively the first to the M-th second charging intervals, where 2 ≤ x ≤ N and M = N - x + 1. And still, according to the state at the current moment, determine the charging current of each second charging interval between the maximum allowable current and the actual current.

[0132] Specifically, when the battery is in the constant voltage charging stage and the state of the battery at the current moment is the discharging state or the standby state, set the charging currents of the first to the M-th second charging intervals to be the maximum allowable currents corresponding to the x-th to the N-th first charging intervals in the current mapping table, where 2 ≤ x ≤ N and M = N - x + 1. For example, the maximum allowable currents corresponding to the x-th to the N-th first charging intervals are I cv(x-1)max to I cv(N-1)maxThen the charging current I1 = I in the first second charging interval cv(x-1)max The charging current I2 = I in the second charging interval cv(x)max And so on, the charging current I of the Mth second charging interval M =I cv(N-1)max .

[0133] Specifically, when the battery is in the constant voltage charging phase, and the battery is currently in a charging state, the charging current for the first to the Mth second charging intervals is determined based on the actual current and the current mapping table. For any of the first to the Mth second charging intervals, the charging current for any second charging interval is the smaller value between the maximum allowable current in the current mapping table for the corresponding first charging interval and the actual current of the battery at the current moment.

[0134] That is, to obtain the maximum allowable current corresponding to the first second charging interval, which is the x-th maximum allowable current I corresponding to the x-th first charging interval in the current mapping table. cv(x-1)max Where 2 ≤ x ≤ N. Compare the actual charging current I. actual With the maximum allowable current I cv(x-1)max The minimum value is taken as the predicted charging current during the constant voltage stage. If I actual <=I cv(x-1)max Then the charging current I1 = I in the first and second charging intervals. actual , if I actual >I cv(x-1)max Then the charging current I1 = I in the first and second charging intervals. cv(x-1)max .

[0135] Similarly, obtain the maximum allowable current corresponding to the Mth second charging interval, which is the Nth maximum allowable current I corresponding to the Nth first charging interval in the current mapping table. cv(N-1)max Where M = N - x + 1. Compare the actual charging current I. actual With the maximum allowable current I cv(N-1)max The minimum value is taken as the predicted charging current during the constant voltage stage. If I actual <=I cv(N-1)max Then the charging current I in this interval M =I actual , if I actual >I cv(N-1)max Then the charging current I of the Mth second charging interval M =I cv(N-1)max .

[0136] To better describe the process of determining the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval, an example is given below.

[0137] If the battery's constant current cutoff SOC value is SOC cc =90%, if the battery's first charging intervals are divided sequentially as follows: first first charging interval [0, 90%], second first charging interval [90%, 95%], third first charging interval [95%, 99%], fourth first charging interval [99%, 100%]. Furthermore, the battery's current SOC value... actual If the current battery is at 92%, then the target stage for the battery is the constant voltage charging stage. The battery needs to go through several second charging intervals to be fully charged: the first second charging interval [90%, 95%], the second second charging interval [95%, 99%], and the third second charging interval [99%, 100%].

[0138] According to the current mapping table, the maximum allowable current for the first second charging interval [90%, 95%] is 5A, the maximum allowable current for the second second charging interval [95%, 99%] is 2A, and the maximum allowable current for the third second charging interval [99%, 100%] is 1A. If the battery is currently in standby or discharging state, since the actual charging capacity of the charging source is unknown, the charging current for the three second charging intervals is determined as follows: I1 = 5A for the first second charging interval, I2 = 2A for the second second charging interval, and I3 = 1A for the third second charging interval. If the battery is currently in charging state, the actual charging capacity of the charging source is considered. For example, if using PV charging, due to weak light, the actual charging current I... actual If only 2A is applied, then in the first and second charging intervals, I... actual cv(1)max =5A, the predicted charging current for the first and second charging intervals is I1=I actual =2A, in the second charging range [95%, 99%], I actual =I cv(2)max =2A, the predicted charging current for the second charging interval is I2=I actual =2A, in the third second charging interval [99%, 100%], I actual >I cv(3)max =1A, the predicted charging current for the third second charging zone is I3=I cv(3)max =1A.

[0139] Therefore, the maximum allowable current corresponding to each second charging zone can be obtained from the current mapping table. Then, based on the current state, it can be determined which current, the maximum allowable current or the actual current, is the charging current for each second charging zone.

[0140] ​In some embodiments, the charging parameters include charging efficiency, and determining the charging parameters for each second charging interval includes obtaining the charging efficiency corresponding to each second charging interval, specifically, as follows: Figure 4 As shown, step S40 further includes:

[0141] S44: Establish a charging efficiency mapping table, which includes the correspondence between each charging current and the charging efficiency;

[0142] Based on extensive experimental test data, a mapping table of "charging current - charging efficiency" was established. This mapping table was compiled from experimental data, and the experimental steps are as follows:

[0143] Step 1: Initialize the battery: Discharge the battery pack to a specific initial state of charge, such as 20%, to ensure that the starting conditions are consistent for each experiment;

[0144] Step 2: Set the charging current: Set the charger to the lowest charging current setting in "SOC - Maximum Allowable Charging Current", connect the charger to the battery pack, and start charging. For example, first set the charger's charging current to I... cv(N-1)max ;

[0145] Step 3: Record Data: Use a power meter or energy meter to record parameters such as input power and output power in real time during the charging process, and also record the charging time. Record data such as battery charge, charging current, and charging voltage at regular time intervals, such as every 5 minutes.

[0146] Step 4: Calculate charging efficiency: Based on the recorded data, calculate the charging efficiency at each time point using the formula "Charging efficiency = Output power / Input power × 100%". Output power can be calculated based on the increase in battery power, while input power is calculated based on the input power recorded by the power meter and the charging time.

[0147] Step 5: Change the charging current: After completing one round of charging, discharge the battery pack back to its initial charge level, then set the charger to the next higher charging current level, such as 1A, and repeat steps 3 and 4.

[0148] Step 6: Repeat the experiment: Following the above method, gradually increase the charging current level and conduct charging experiments, recording data and calculating charging efficiency, until the maximum charging current level in "SOC - Maximum Allowable Charging Current" is reached, such as I. ccmax To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results, the experiment was repeated multiple times for each charging current level, and the average value was taken as the charging efficiency data at that current.

[0149] Step 7: Establish a mapping table: Organize the data recorded from each experiment and establish a mapping table for the relationship between "charging current and charging efficiency".

[0150] That is, first set the charger's charging current to I. cv(N-1)max According to I cv(N-1)max Charge the device, record data such as charging efficiency, and then change the charging current to I. cv(N-2)max Charge the device, record charging efficiency and other data, and repeat this process until the charging efficiency reaches I. ccmax Perform charging, record charging efficiency, obtain data on charging current and charging efficiency, and establish a mapping table between charging current and charging efficiency.

[0151] S45: In the charging efficiency mapping table, find the charging efficiency corresponding to the charging current of each second charging interval.

[0152] Based on the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval, the charging efficiency corresponding to each charging current is looked up in the charging efficiency mapping table. During the constant current charging stage, the corresponding charging efficiency is looked up based on I1; during the constant voltage charging stage, the charging efficiency is looked up based on the charging current I corresponding to each constant voltage interval. i Query the corresponding charging efficiency η(i).

[0153] In some embodiments, battery characteristic parameters include a temperature correction coefficient. Determining the charging parameters for each second charging interval includes obtaining the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging interval, such as... Figure 5 As shown, step S40 further includes:

[0154] S46: Establish a temperature mapping table, which includes the correspondence between temperature and temperature correction factor;

[0155] The temperature mapping table, which includes "temperature-temperature correction factor," was obtained through extensive experimental testing. The specific experimental testing steps are as follows:

[0156] Step 1: Determine the temperature points: Within the set temperature range, select several representative temperature points. For example, you can select a temperature point every 5°C or 10°C for testing to ensure coverage of various temperature conditions that the battery may encounter.

[0157] Step 2: Ambient temperature adjustment: Place the battery in the constant temperature chamber, adjust the temperature of the constant temperature chamber to the set test temperature point, and wait for a sufficient time to allow the internal temperature of the battery to reach equilibrium with the ambient temperature.

[0158] Step 3: Charging Test: At each temperature point, charge the battery and use a data acquisition system to record various parameters during the charging process in real time, such as voltage, current, and time. When the battery reaches the charging cutoff condition (such as reaching the target SOC, triggering the upper limit voltage, or exceeding the safety threshold), stop charging and record the charging capacity and charging time at this time.

[0159] Step 4: Repeat the test: Perform multiple tests at each temperature point to eliminate the influence of random factors and obtain stable and reliable data.

[0160] Step 5: Calculate charging efficiency: Based on the test data, calculate the battery charging efficiency at each temperature point. Charging efficiency is calculated as the ratio of charging capacity to rated capacity.

[0161] Step 6: Determine the temperature correction factor: Using the optimal operating temperature provided by the cell manufacturer as the standard temperature, and the charging efficiency at that temperature as the benchmark, calculate the ratio of the charging efficiency at other temperatures to the charging efficiency at the standard temperature. This ratio serves as the temperature correction factor for that temperature. For example, using the charging efficiency at 25℃ as the benchmark, if the charging efficiency at 40℃ is 1.1 times that at 25℃, then the temperature correction factor for 40℃ is 1.1; if the charging efficiency at 0℃ is 0.8 times that at 25℃, then the temperature correction factor for 0℃ is 0.8.

[0162] Step 7: Organize the data: Organize the temperature points obtained from the test and their corresponding temperature correction coefficients to form ordered data pairs.

[0163] Step 8: Create a table: Use temperature as the horizontal axis and temperature correction factor as the vertical axis to create a table. Fill the table with the organized data to form a temperature mapping table of "temperature - temperature correction factor".

[0164] S47: Find the target temperature correction coefficient corresponding to the current temperature of the battery in the temperature mapping table, and determine the target temperature correction coefficient as the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals.

[0165] Temperature affects battery charging efficiency. Based on the temperature mapping table, the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging interval is determined. For example, if the current battery temperature is T1, then the target temperature correction coefficient KT1 corresponding to T1 is found in the temperature mapping table, and the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging interval is determined as the target temperature correction coefficient KT1.

[0166] In some embodiments, battery characteristic parameters include consistency parameters. Determining the charging parameters for each second charging interval includes obtaining the consistency parameters corresponding to each second charging interval. Specifically, after the battery completes initialization, the voltages V1, V2...V of each individual cell in the battery pack are first measured. n Then, the average voltage of each individual cell is calculated using the following formula:

[0167] (1)

[0168] in, Where is the average voltage, and n is the number of individual cells. This represents the voltage of a single cell.

[0169] During battery use, the system will periodically collect the current voltage of each individual battery cell in real time. For example, the system will continuously acquire real-time voltage data of each individual battery cell with a sampling period of 1 second, and the collected data will be stored.

[0170] The standard deviation is then calculated using the following formula:

[0171] (2)

[0172] in, The standard deviation is denoted as .

[0173] Finally, the consistency parameter is calculated using the following formula:

[0174] (3)

[0175] in, For consistency parameters, Standard deviation, This represents the average voltage.

[0176] A smaller voltage standard deviation indicates better battery consistency. Poor battery consistency leads to variations in the charging speed of individual cells. Poor consistency can cause some cells to reach their cutoff current prematurely, while others are not fully charged, thus affecting the overall charging time of the battery pack. Therefore, when estimating the remaining charging time, it is necessary to consider the consistency parameters corresponding to each second charging interval to improve the accuracy of the estimation.

[0177] S50: Estimate the remaining charging time of the battery based on the charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value, and the actual battery capacity.

[0178] This indicates the actual battery capacity. During use, a battery undergoes multiple charge-discharge cycles. As the number of cycles increases, the actual battery capacity gradually decreases. For example, in the early stages of use, when the State of Charge (SOC) reaches 100%, the actual battery capacity is 5000mAh. As usage time increases, the actual battery capacity slowly decreases, and when the SOC reaches 100%, the actual battery capacity is only 4000mAh. Therefore, to accurately calculate the estimated full charge time, it is necessary to confirm the actual battery capacity (i.e., as the battery is used, even when fully charged, it will not reach its rated capacity).

[0179] During battery charging and discharging, the software records the current from the start of charging or discharging to calculate the amount of electricity charged or discharged, thereby estimating the battery's current actual capacity. To ensure The accuracy of the calculated battery capacity C will be ensured each time. actual(1) C actual(2) ...C actual(n) Store the records locally, then take the arithmetic mean of the n historical data points. The actual battery capacity is calculated using the following formula:

[0180] (4)

[0181] in, Let n be the actual battery capacity, and n be the number of historical data points, where the n historical data points are the nearest n data points.

[0182] For example, during the charging process, the battery's SOC is recorded from 0% to 100%. By continuously accumulating the product of the current I at each sampling moment and the sampling time interval Δt, the cumulative charged amount of electricity can be obtained. Then Q in Stored locally as historical data of the battery's actual capacity.

[0183] After obtaining the battery parameters and actual battery capacity, different estimation formulas are selected based on the target stage at the current moment. If the target stage is the constant current charging stage, the constant current charging time and constant voltage charging time need to be calculated. The sum of the constant current charging time and constant voltage charging time is the remaining charging time of the battery. If the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, only the constant voltage charging time needs to be calculated. The constant voltage charging time is the remaining charging time of the battery.

[0184] Specifically, when the target stage is the constant current charging stage, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated using the following formula:

[0185] (5)

[0186] (6)

[0187] (7)

[0188] in, Remaining time to charge the battery. For constant current charging time, The constant voltage charging time. This is the first charging current for the first second charging interval. Let be the i-th charging current in the i-th second charging interval, and 2≤i≤N. This represents the current SOC value of the battery at the current moment. This is the constant current cutoff SOC value. Let SOC be the difference between the i-th and second charging intervals. The charging efficiency for the first and second charging intervals. Let be the charging efficiency of the i-th second charging interval. This refers to the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging zone. These are the consistency parameters corresponding to each second charging interval.

[0189] When the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated, including: estimating the remaining charging time of the battery using the following formula:

[0190] (8)

[0191] (9)

[0192] in, Remaining time to charge the battery. For constant current charging time, The constant voltage charging time. Let M be the j-th charging current in the j-th second charging interval, 1≤j≤M. This represents the current SOC value of the battery at the current moment. Let SOC be the difference in the j-th second charging interval. Let be the charging efficiency of the j-th second charging interval. This refers to the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each second charging zone. These are the consistency parameters corresponding to each second charging interval.

[0193] In summary, the battery charging remaining time estimation method comprehensively considers the current target stage of the battery and the charging parameters of each second charging interval. Based on multiple charging parameters, constant current cutoff SOC value and the actual battery capacity, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated. This method comprehensively considers multiple influencing factors, avoids the one-sidedness of estimation with a single parameter, makes the expected charging time closer to the actual charging time, and improves the estimation accuracy.

[0194] In some embodiments, the battery remaining charging time estimation method can accurately estimate the estimated charging time of the battery. The system can then dynamically adjust the charging power and current based on user needs and grid conditions to achieve intelligent peak-shaving charging and thus intelligent charging management. It also allows the charging system to stop charging promptly when the battery is fully charged, preventing overcharging and damage. Similarly, it avoids excessive use when the battery is too low, extending the battery's cycle life. Simultaneously, it provides users with reliable estimated charging times, enabling them to rationally plan usage and improve ease of use.

[0195] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, there is no necessarily a certain order between the steps. Those skilled in the art can understand from the description of the embodiments of this application that the above steps may have different execution orders in different embodiments, that is, they may be executed in parallel or in turn, etc.

[0196] As another aspect of this application, this application provides a battery charging remaining time estimation device, applied to the battery management system in the aforementioned electrical equipment. The battery charging remaining time estimation device can be a software module, which includes several instructions stored in a memory. A processor can access the memory, call the instructions, and execute them to complete the battery charging remaining time estimation method described in the various embodiments above.

[0197] In some embodiments, the battery remaining charging time estimation device can also be built from hardware devices. For example, the battery remaining charging time estimation device can be built from one or more chips, and the chips can work together to complete the battery remaining charging time estimation method described in the above embodiments. As another example, the battery remaining charging time estimation device can also be built from various logic devices, such as general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), microcontrollers, ARM (Acorn RISC Machine) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of these components.

[0198] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a battery charging remaining time estimation device provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown, the battery charging remaining time estimation device 600 includes a first acquisition module 601, a first division module 602, a first determination module 603, a second determination module 604, and an estimation module 605.

[0199] The first acquisition module 601 is used to acquire the constant current cutoff SOC value of the battery when it transitions from the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage. The first division module 602 is used to divide the preset SOC value of the battery into multiple first charging intervals based on the constant current cutoff SOC value. The first determination module 603 is used to determine the target stage of the battery at the current moment and multiple second charging intervals from the current moment until full charge based on the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value. The multiple second charging intervals are subsets of a set formed by multiple first charging intervals. The target stage is either the constant current charging stage or the constant voltage charging stage. The second determination module 604 is used to determine the charging parameters of each second charging interval. The charging parameters include battery characteristic parameters, charging current, and charging efficiency. The estimation module 605 is used to estimate the remaining charging time of the battery based on the charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value, and the actual battery capacity.

[0200] In some embodiments, the first acquisition module 601 is specifically used to implement step S10.

[0201] In some embodiments, the first partitioning module 602 is specifically used to implement step S20.

[0202] In some embodiments, the first determining module 603 is specifically used to implement step S30.

[0203] In some embodiments, the second determining module 604 is specifically used to implement step S40.

[0204] In some embodiments, the estimation module 605 is specifically used to implement step S50.

[0205] It should be noted that since the battery charging remaining time estimation device and the battery charging remaining time estimation method in the above embodiments are based on the same inventive concept, the corresponding contents in the above method embodiments are also applicable to the device embodiments, and will not be described in detail here.

[0206] In summary, the battery charging remaining time estimation device comprehensively considers the current target stage of the battery and the charging parameters of each second charging interval. Based on multiple charging parameters, constant current cutoff SOC value and the actual battery capacity, it estimates the remaining charging time of the battery. This method comprehensively considers multiple influencing factors, avoids the one-sidedness of estimation with a single parameter, makes the estimated charging time closer to the actual charging time, and improves the estimation accuracy.

[0207] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a battery management system provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 As shown, the battery management system 22 includes one or more processors 221 and a memory 222. Wherein, Figure 7 Take a processor 221 as an example.

[0208] Processor 221 and memory 222 can be connected via a bus or other means. Figure 7 Taking the example of a connection between China and Israel via a bus.

[0209] The memory 222, as a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, can be used to store non-volatile software programs, non-volatile computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the load identification circuit in the embodiments of this application. The processor 221 executes various functional applications and data processing of the battery charging remaining time estimation device by running the non-volatile software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 222, thereby realizing the battery charging remaining time estimation method provided in the above method embodiments and the functions of each module or unit in the above device embodiments.

[0210] Memory 222 may include high-speed random access memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some embodiments, memory 222 may optionally include memory remotely located relative to processor 221, and such remote memory may be connected to processor 221 via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, intranets, local area networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0211] The program instructions / modules are stored in the memory 222 and, when executed by one or more processors 221, perform the battery charging remaining time estimation method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0212] This application also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that are executed by one or more processors, for example... Figure 7One of the processors 221 can enable the one or more processors to execute the battery charging remaining time estimation method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0213] This application also provides a non-volatile computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions that are executed by one or more processors, for example... Figure 7 One of the processors 221 can enable the one or more processors to execute the battery charging remaining time estimation method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0214] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions that, when executed by a battery management system, cause the battery management system to perform any of the battery charging remaining time estimation methods described in this application.

[0215] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented using software and a general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, using hardware. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program in a computer program product instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions, which, when executed by the UAV, cause the UAV to execute the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), or random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0216] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and not to limit them; under the concept of this application, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of different aspects of this application as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity; although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A method for estimating the remaining charging time of a battery, characterized in that, include: Obtain the constant current cutoff SOC value of the battery when it transitions from the constant current charging stage to the constant voltage charging stage; Based on the constant current cutoff SOC value, the preset SOC value of the battery is sequentially divided into multiple first charging intervals; Based on the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value, the target stage of the battery at the current moment and multiple second charging intervals from the current moment to full charge are determined, wherein the multiple second charging intervals are subsets of a set formed by multiple first charging intervals, and the target stage is a constant current charging stage or a constant voltage charging stage. Determine the charging parameters for each of the second charging zones, including battery characteristic parameters, charging current, and charging efficiency; Based on the charging parameters, the constant current cutoff SOC value, and the actual battery capacity, estimate the remaining charging time of the battery; The step of dividing the battery's preset SOC value into multiple first charging intervals sequentially includes: The range from zero to the constant current cutoff SOC value is divided into the first first charging interval; Divide the constant current cutoff SOC value to the preset SOC value into equal or unequal intervals to obtain the second first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval; The step of determining the target stage of the battery at the current moment and multiple second charging intervals from the current moment until full charge, based on the current SOC value and the constant current cutoff SOC value, includes: If the current SOC value is less than the constant current cutoff SOC value, then the target stage is the constant current charging stage, and the first first charging interval to the Nth first charging interval are determined as the first second charging interval to the Nth second charging interval. If the current SOC value is greater than or equal to the constant current cutoff SOC value, then the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, and it is determined which first charging interval the current SOC value is located in; If the current SOC value is located in the xth first charging interval, then the xth to the Nth first charging intervals are respectively the first to the Mth second charging intervals, where M = N - x + 1.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the charging parameters for each of the second charging intervals includes obtaining the charging current corresponding to each of the second charging intervals, including: Establish a current mapping table, which includes the correspondence between each of the first charging intervals and the maximum allowable current; The current state of the battery is determined based on the actual current of the battery at the current moment. The state includes charging state, standby state, and discharging state. Based on the current state of the battery, the target stage at the current moment, the current mapping table, and the actual current of the battery at the current moment, the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval is determined.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the target stage is a constant current charging stage, determining the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval based on the current state, the target stage at the current time, the current mapping table, and the actual current of the battery at the current time includes: When the state is a discharge state or a standby state, the i-th charging current corresponding to the i-th second charging interval is set to the maximum allowable current corresponding to the i-th first charging interval in the current mapping table, where 1≤i≤N; When the state is charging, the first charging current corresponding to the first second charging interval is set as the actual current of the battery at the current moment, and the second to Nth charging currents corresponding to the second to Nth second charging intervals are determined according to the actual current and the current mapping table.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, determining the charging current corresponding to each second charging interval based on the current state, the target stage at the current moment, the current mapping table, and the actual current of the battery at the current moment includes: When the state is a discharge state or a standby state, the charging current of the first second charging interval to the Mth second charging interval is set to the maximum allowable current corresponding to the xth to Nth first charging intervals in the current mapping table, where 2≤x≤N, M=N-x+1; When the state is charging, the charging current for the first second charging interval to the Mth second charging interval is determined based on the actual current and the current mapping table.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, When the state is a charging state, the charging current for any second charging interval is determined based on the actual current and the current mapping table, including: The charging current of any second charging interval is the smaller value between the maximum allowable current of the first charging interval corresponding to that second charging interval in the current mapping table and the actual current of the battery at the current moment.

6. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Determine the charging parameters for each of the second charging intervals, including obtaining the charging efficiency corresponding to each of the second charging intervals: Establish a charging efficiency mapping table, which includes the correspondence between each charging current and the charging efficiency; In the charging efficiency mapping table, find the charging efficiency corresponding to the charging current of each second charging interval.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The battery characteristic parameters include a temperature correction coefficient. Determining the charging parameters for each of the second charging intervals includes obtaining the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals. Establish a temperature mapping table, which includes the correspondence between temperature and temperature correction factor; The target temperature correction coefficient corresponding to the current temperature of the battery is found in the temperature mapping table, and the target temperature correction coefficient is determined as the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The battery characteristic parameters include consistency parameters. Determining the charging parameters for each of the second charging intervals includes obtaining the consistency parameters corresponding to each of the second charging intervals: Measure the voltage of each individual cell in the battery; Calculate the average voltage of each individual cell; The standard deviation is determined based on the average voltage; The consistency parameter is determined based on the standard deviation and average voltage: ； in, For the consistency parameter, The standard deviation is... The average voltage is denoted as .

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the target stage is the constant current charging stage, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated, including: The remaining charging time of the battery can be estimated using the following formula: ； ； ； in, The remaining charging time for the battery. For constant current charging time, The constant voltage charging time. The first charging current of the first of the second charging zones. Let be the i-th charging current in the i-th second charging interval, and 2≤i≤N. This represents the current SOC value of the battery at the current moment. The constant current cutoff SOC value is... This represents the SOC difference for the i-th second charging interval. The charging efficiency for the first and second charging intervals. Let be the charging efficiency of the i-th second charging interval. This refers to the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals. For each of the second charging intervals, the consistency parameters are... The actual capacity of the battery is given, wherein the battery characteristic parameters include the temperature correction coefficient and the consistency parameter; When the target stage is the constant voltage charging stage, the remaining charging time of the battery is estimated, including: The remaining charging time of the battery can be estimated using the following formula: ； ； in, The remaining charging time for the battery. For constant current charging time, The constant voltage charging time. Let M be the j-th charging current in the j-th second charging interval, 1≤j≤M. This represents the current SOC value of the battery at the current moment. Let SOC be the difference in the j-th second charging interval. Let be the charging efficiency of the j-th second charging interval. This refers to the temperature correction coefficient corresponding to each of the second charging intervals. The consistency parameter corresponding to each of the second charging intervals. This represents the actual capacity of the battery.

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical equipment includes a battery and a battery management system, wherein the battery management system is electrically connected to the battery. The battery management system includes: At least one processor; as well as, A non-volatile memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor, the non-volatile memory storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the battery charging remaining time estimation method as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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