Low profile dual-band co-boresight antenna unit and antenna array sharing a radiating structure

Abstract

This application discloses a low-profile dual-band common-aperture antenna element and array with a shared radiation structure, relating to the field of antenna technology. The antenna element includes a radiating layer, a ground layer, and a feed layer. The radiating layer includes a radiating patch array and a dielectric substrate. The ground layer is tightly bonded to the radiating layer and has coupling gaps. The feed layer includes a low-frequency feed line, a high-frequency feed line, and a dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate is tightly bonded to the ground layer. The low-frequency feed line and the coupling gaps form a low-frequency feed structure, used to excite the entire radiating patch array to output low-frequency signals. The high-frequency feed line and the coupling gaps form a high-frequency feed structure, used to excite a local radiating patch array to output high-frequency signals. This application embodiment can simultaneously achieve directional and broadband radiation characteristics in both frequency bands, supports array expansion, and can also achieve dual-band main lobe beam deflection and scanning. Compared with existing antennas, it has advantages in structural reuse efficiency, profile control, and dual-band common-aperture integration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture antenna element and antenna array with a shared radiation structure. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional dual-band antennas in related technologies often employ a dual-aperture structure or stack multiple radiators on the same aperture. However, modern communication systems have increasingly higher requirements for antenna size, spectrum utilization efficiency, and system integration. The structure used in traditional dual-band antennas not only increases the overall profile and volume of the antenna system, but also has significant shortcomings in terms of structural reuse and integration, making it difficult to meet the deployment needs of modern communication systems, especially compact communication equipment.

[0003] In addition, some dual-band common aperture antenna solutions in related technologies mostly adopt multi-layer stacking and frequency band isolation structures in order to achieve the common radiation aperture in different frequency bands. This structural solution results in complex antenna structure, high processing cost, and difficult debugging, making it difficult to achieve good directional control and broadband matching in different frequency bands.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a common-aperture antenna with a compact structure, low profile, high aperture reuse rate, and dual-band broadband radiation capability to better adapt to the integrated development needs of modern communication systems, radar systems, and portable devices. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture antenna element and antenna array with a shared radiation structure to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned related technologies. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture antenna element with a shared radiation structure, the antenna element comprising a plurality of radiation layers, a ground layer and a feed layer stacked sequentially;

[0007] Each radiation layer includes multiple radiation patches, which are arranged in a preset pattern to form a radiation patch array.

[0008] The upper surface of the grounding layer is in close contact with the lower surface of the bottom radiation layer among the plurality of radiation layers, and the grounding layer is provided with a plurality of coupling gaps;

[0009] The upper surface of the feed layer is in close contact with the lower surface of the ground layer. The feed layer includes a low-frequency feed line disposed on the central axis of the feed layer and high-frequency feed lines disposed on both sides of the low-frequency feed line.

[0010] The low-frequency feed line and the corresponding coupling gap constitute a low-frequency feeding structure, which is used to excite the entire radiating patch array to output a low-frequency signal; the high-frequency feed line and the corresponding coupling gap constitute a high-frequency feeding structure, which is used to excite a local radiating patch array to output a high-frequency signal.

[0011] In one alternative embodiment of the first aspect, the plurality of radiating layers include a first radiating layer, a second radiating layer, and a third radiating layer stacked together;

[0012] The first radiating layer is located on top of the plurality of radiating layers and includes a first dielectric substrate and a first radiating patch array, wherein the first radiating patch array is embedded in the first dielectric substrate;

[0013] The second radiating layer includes a second dielectric substrate and a second radiating patch array, wherein the second radiating patch array is embedded in the second dielectric substrate, and the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is in close contact with the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate.

[0014] The third radiating layer includes a third dielectric substrate and a third radiating patch array. The third radiating patch array is embedded in the third dielectric substrate, and the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is in close contact with the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate.

[0015] In one alternative embodiment of the first aspect, the radiating patches in the first and second radiating patch arrays are cross-shaped, and the radiating patches in the third radiating patch array are L-shaped.

[0016] In one alternative embodiment of the first aspect, the first radiating patch array, the second radiating patch array, and the third radiating patch array all include One radiation patch;

[0017] The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch array onto the second radiating layer does not intersect with the second radiating patch array;

[0018] Each radiating patch in the third radiating patch array corresponds to the orthographic projection of each radiating patch in the second radiating patch array onto the third radiating layer;

[0019] Where n is an even number not less than 4.

[0020] In one alternative embodiment of the first aspect, the plurality of radiation layers further includes a fourth radiation layer, which is the bottom radiation layer among the plurality of radiation layers;

[0021] The fourth radiating layer includes a fourth dielectric substrate and a fourth radiating patch array. The fourth radiating patch array is embedded in the fourth dielectric substrate, and the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate is in close contact with the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate.

[0022] The number of radiating patches in the fourth radiating patch array is one-quarter of the number of radiating patches in the other radiating patch arrays, and the area of ​​each radiating patch in the fourth radiating patch array is larger than the area of ​​the radiating patches in the other radiating patch arrays.

[0023] Each radiation patch in the fourth radiation patch array is respectively associated with each of the radiation patches in the third radiation layer. The sub-radiation patch array, consisting of several radiation patches, corresponds to the orthographic projection on the fourth radiation layer.

[0024] In one alternative embodiment of the first aspect, the plurality of coupling gaps in the grounding layer includes a first coupling gap and four second coupling gaps;

[0025] The first coupling gap is H-shaped, the H-shape including a connecting gap and two side gaps of equal size, the length of the connecting gap being greater than the length of the side gaps;

[0026] The two side gaps are parallel to each other, the connecting gap is located between the two side gaps and perpendicular to the two side gaps, and the two ends of the connecting gap are respectively connected to one of the side gaps.

[0027] Each of the second coupling gaps is elongated, each of the second coupling gaps is parallel to the connecting gap and perpendicular to the side gap, and each of the second coupling gaps is evenly distributed around the first coupling gap;

[0028] The first coupling gap and the four second coupling gaps are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner around the geometric center of the grounding layer.

[0029] In one alternative of the first aspect, the low-frequency feed line and the high-frequency feed lines on both sides of the low-frequency feed line are arranged axially symmetrically with respect to the central axis of the feed layer.

[0030] The input end of the low-frequency feeder is located at one end of the feed layer perpendicular to the central axis, and the input end of the high-frequency feeder is located at the other end of the feed layer perpendicular to the central axis. The low-frequency feeder and the high-frequency feeder extend from their respective input ends along the central axis of the feed layer to the output end.

[0031] The low-frequency feed line is perpendicular to and intersects the projection of the connection gap on the feed layer, and is parallel to the projection of the side gap on the feed layer;

[0032] The high-frequency feed lines located on both sides of the central axis are perpendicular to and intersect with the projections of the two second coupling gaps on the feed layer.

[0033] In one alternative of the first aspect, each of the high-frequency feeders includes a power divider, and the output of the high-frequency feeder is divided into a first output branch and a second output branch by the power divider.

[0034] The central axes of the first output branch and the second output branch coincide, the output directions of the first output branch and the second output branch are opposite, and the first output branch and the second output branch are perpendicular to and intersect with the projections of different second coupling gaps on the feed layer.

[0035] In one alternative of the first aspect, the low-frequency feed line and the first coupling gap constitute a low-frequency feeding structure, which is used to excite all the radiating patch arrays on all radiating layers and output a low-frequency signal.

[0036] The high-frequency feed line and the two second coupling gaps constitute a high-frequency feeding structure. The high-frequency feeding structure is used to excite the local radiating patch arrays on all radiating layers that are located on the same side of the central axis as the high-frequency feed line structure, and output a high-frequency signal.

[0037] Wherein, the entire radiating patch array includes each of the radiating layers A total of radiating patches, the entire radiating patch array comprising four sub-radiating patch arrays, each sub-radiating patch array comprising... The local radiating patch array comprises two adjacent radiating patches, wherein the local radiating patch array includes two sub-radiating patch arrays.

[0038] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide an antenna array, the antenna array including the antenna elements described in any of the above-described schemes;

[0039] The antenna elements are arranged in a preset manner to form the antenna array.

[0040] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided in some embodiments of this application include at least the following:

[0041] The embodiments of this application provide a low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture antenna element with a shared radiation structure. The stacked radiation layer, ground layer and feed layer are tightly bonded together without any air layer or support cavity in between. This avoids the problem of increased profile caused by support layer or air layer in traditional multi-layer structures, effectively compresses the overall thickness, and ensures the design goal of minimizing the overall antenna profile. It has excellent low profile advantages and is suitable for integrated application scenarios that are sensitive to antenna thickness.

[0042] Furthermore, the antenna unit provided in this application embodiment can support radiation in multiple frequency bands through local excitation control, realizing the sharing of the same radiating patch array between two frequency bands, enabling the reuse of aperture resources, having better integration capabilities, and facilitating integration with active circuits and phased array systems;

[0043] The embodiments of this application, through innovative design of the radiating structure, possess both good directivity and bandwidth performance, significantly reducing the antenna profile and volume, and improving the level of integration. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 This is one of the structural schematic diagrams of an antenna element provided in this application;

[0046] Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna element provided in this application;

[0047] Figure 3 This is the third schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna element provided in this application;

[0048] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the S-parameter simulation results of an antenna element provided in this application;

[0049] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the simulation results of the radiation direction of an antenna element provided in this application;

[0050] Figure 6 This application provides a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array;

[0051] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of beam scanning simulation results for an antenna array provided in this application. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0053] The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or modules is not limited to the steps or modules listed, but may optionally include steps or modules not listed, or may optionally include other steps or modules inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0054] It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" used in this application are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects. It is understood that "first" and "second" can be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted. It should be understood that the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those described or illustrated herein.

[0055] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0056] Next, combine Figure 1 This application introduces a low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture antenna element with a shared radiation structure, as provided in an embodiment of this application. For details, please refer to... Figure 1 , Figure 1 This illustration shows one of the layered structure diagrams of a low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture antenna element with a shared radiation structure provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, the antenna element 1 includes multiple radiating layers, a ground layer, and a feed layer stacked sequentially from top to bottom;

[0058] Each radiation layer includes multiple radiation patches and a dielectric substrate. The multiple radiation patches are arranged in a preset manner to form a radiation patch array, and the radiation patch array is disposed on the dielectric substrate.

[0059] The grounding layer is in close contact with the bottom radiating layer among the plurality of radiating layers, and the grounding layer is provided with a plurality of coupling gaps;

[0060] The power supply layer includes a low-frequency feed line, a high-frequency feed line, and a dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate is tightly attached to the ground layer. The low-frequency feed line and the high-frequency feed line are disposed on the dielectric substrate of the power supply layer. The low-frequency feed line is disposed on the central axis of the power supply layer, and the high-frequency feed line is disposed on both sides of the low-frequency feed line.

[0061] The low-frequency feed line and the corresponding coupling gap constitute a low-frequency feeding structure, which is used to excite the entire radiating patch array to output a low-frequency signal; the high-frequency feed line and the corresponding coupling gap constitute a high-frequency feeding structure, which is used to excite a local radiating patch array to output a high-frequency signal.

[0062] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the plurality of radiation layers include, from top to bottom, a first radiation layer 11, a second radiation layer 12, and a third radiation layer 13 stacked together.

[0063] The first radiating layer 11 is located on top of the plurality of radiating layers and includes a first dielectric substrate 112 and a first radiating patch array 111, wherein the first radiating patch array 111 is embedded in the first dielectric substrate 112.

[0064] The second radiating layer 12 includes a second dielectric substrate 122 and a second radiating patch array 121. The second radiating patch array 121 is embedded in the second dielectric substrate 122, and the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate 122 is in close contact with the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate 112.

[0065] The third radiating layer 13 includes a third dielectric substrate 132 and a third radiating patch array 131. The third radiating patch array 131 is embedded in the third dielectric substrate 132, and the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate 132 is in close contact with the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate 122.

[0066] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, Figure 2 The following is a second example of a layered structure diagram of an antenna element provided in an embodiment of this application. The radiating patches in the first radiating patch array 111 and the second radiating patch array 121 are cross-shaped, and the radiating patches in the third radiating patch array 131 are L-shaped.

[0067] Specifically, a radiating patch usually refers to a patch antenna, and the radiating patch array formed by the radiating patches is a rectangular array.

[0068] Understandably, the cross-shaped radiating patches in the first radiating patch array 111 and the second radiating patch array 121, as well as the L-shaped radiating patches in the third radiating patch array 131, can be obtained by cutting square radiating patches.

[0069] In some embodiments, the first radiating patch array 111, the second radiating patch array 121, and the third radiating patch array 131 each include One radiation patch;

[0070] The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch array 111 onto the second radiating layer 12 does not intersect with the second radiating patch array 121.

[0071] That is, the first radiating patch array 111 and the second radiating patch array 121 are arranged alternately, and the area of ​​the cross-shaped radiating patch in the first radiating patch array 111 is smaller than the area of ​​the second radiating patch array 121.

[0072] Each radiating patch in the third radiating patch array 131 corresponds to the orthographic projection of each radiating patch in the second radiating patch array 121 onto the third radiating layer 13.

[0073] Where n is an even number not less than 4.

[0074] Specifically, the multiple L-shaped radiating patches in the third radiating patch array 131 are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner, for example, as shown in... Figure 1-2 As shown, n=4, and every four L-shaped radiating patches form a sub-radiating patch array, with the L-shaped gaps located at the four corners of the sub-radiating patch array.

[0075] By controlling the shape and arrangement of the radiating patches in the third radiating patch array, the coupling between the two frequency band antennas can be effectively reduced, and the isolation between the low-frequency and high-frequency antennas can be improved.

[0076] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, the plurality of radiation layers also includes a fourth radiation layer 14, which is the bottom radiation layer among the plurality of radiation layers;

[0077] The fourth radiating layer 14 includes a fourth dielectric substrate 142 and a fourth radiating patch array 141. The fourth radiating patch array 141 is embedded in the fourth dielectric substrate 142, and the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate 142 is in close contact with the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate 132.

[0078] The number of radiating patches in the fourth radiating patch array 141 is one-quarter of the number of radiating patches in other radiating patch arrays, and the area of ​​each radiating patch in the fourth radiating patch array 141 is larger than the area of ​​the radiating patches in other radiating patch arrays.

[0079] Each radiation patch in the fourth radiation patch array 141 is respectively associated with each radiation patch in the third radiation layer 13. The sub-radiation patch array consisting of a few radiating patches corresponds to the orthographic projection on the fourth radiation layer 14. It can be understood that each radiating patch in the fourth radiation patch array 141 is located directly below a sub-radiation patch array in the third radiation layer 13.

[0080] Specifically, the first dielectric substrate 112, the second dielectric substrate 122, the third dielectric substrate 132, and the fourth dielectric substrate 142 are all made of dielectric material. The grooves corresponding to the multiple radiating patches on the radiating patch array can be obtained by etching on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate. The radiating patches are embedded in the corresponding grooves, so that the radiating patch array can be embedded in the corresponding dielectric substrate, thereby obtaining the corresponding radiating layer.

[0081] In some embodiments, coupling gaps of a corresponding shape are typically formed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate of the ground layer 15 by etching, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the grounding layer 15 has multiple coupling gaps including a first coupling gap 151 and four second coupling gaps 152;

[0082] The first coupling gap 151 is H-shaped, and the H-shape includes a connecting gap and two side gaps of equal size, wherein the length of the connecting gap is greater than that of the side gaps;

[0083] The two side gaps are parallel to each other, the connecting gap is located between the two side gaps and perpendicular to the two side gaps, and the two ends of the connecting gap are respectively connected to one of the side gaps.

[0084] Each of the second coupling gaps 152 is elongated, and each of the second coupling gaps 152 is parallel to the connecting gap and perpendicular to the side gap. Each of the second coupling gaps 152 is evenly distributed around the first coupling gap 151.

[0085] The first coupling gap 151 and the four second coupling gaps 152 are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner around the geometric center of the grounding layer.

[0086] In some embodiments, the feed layer 16 is a microstrip structure layer, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the power feeding layer 16 includes a low-frequency feed line 161, a high-frequency feed line 162 located on both sides of the low-frequency feed line 161, and a dielectric substrate 163 of the power feeding layer. The low-frequency feed line 161 and the high-frequency feed line 162 are embedded in the dielectric substrate 163.

[0087] Specifically, grooves corresponding to the feed line structure can be formed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 163 by etching, so as to embed the low-frequency feed line 161 and the high-frequency feed line 162.

[0088] Specifically, the low-frequency feed line 161 and the high-frequency feed lines 162 on both sides of the low-frequency feed line 161 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis of the feed layer 16.

[0089] It should be noted that the central axis of the feed layer here can be either a vertical central axis or a horizontal central axis.

[0090] The input end of the low-frequency feed line 161 is located at one end of the feed layer perpendicular to the central axis, and the input end of the high-frequency feed line 162 is located at the other end of the feed layer 16 perpendicular to the central axis. The low-frequency feed line 161 and the high-frequency feed line 162 extend from their respective input ends along the central axis of the feed layer 16 to the output end.

[0091] The low-frequency feed line 161 is perpendicular to and intersects the projection of the connection gap on the feed layer, and is parallel to the projection of the side gap on the feed layer;

[0092] The high-frequency feed lines 162 located on both sides of the central axis are perpendicular to and intersect with the projections of the two second coupling gaps 152 on the feed layer.

[0093] Specifically, the thickness of each radiating layer, ground layer, and feed layer on the antenna element can be set according to actual usage conditions. This embodiment of the invention does not impose any restrictions on this, and it depends on the radiation frequency of the antenna element. In addition, the area of ​​each radiating layer, ground layer, and feed layer is set to the same size, and the size of the area is related to the operating wavelength of the antenna. It can be adaptively set according to actual needs, and this embodiment of the invention does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0094] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, each of the high-frequency feed lines 162 includes a power divider, and the output end of the high-frequency feed line is divided into a first output branch 1621 and a second output branch 1622 by the power divider.

[0095] The central axes of the first output branch 1621 and the second output branch 1622 coincide, the output directions of the first output branch 1621 and the second output branch 1622 are opposite, and the first output branch 1621 and the second output branch 1622 are perpendicular to and intersect with the projections of different second coupling gaps 152 on the feed layer.

[0096] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The example illustrates the relative positional relationship between the projections of each coupling gap in the grounding layer onto the feed layer and the high-frequency and low-frequency feed lines. The projections of the first coupling gap 151 and the second coupling gap 152 are shown below. Figure 3 The dashed box shown, with the bold crosshairs representing the horizontal and vertical centerlines of the feed layer.

[0097] In some embodiments, the low-frequency feed line 161 and the first coupling gap 151 constitute a low-frequency feeding structure, which is used to excite all the radiating patch arrays on all radiating layers and output a low-frequency signal.

[0098] For example, when n is 4, the low-frequency feeder is used to excite the entire 4×4 periodic structure (the entire radiating patch array), which can generate a center frequency of The low-frequency radiation band.

[0099] The high-frequency feed line 162 and the two second coupling gaps 152 constitute a high-frequency feeding structure. The high-frequency feeding structure is used to excite the local radiating patch arrays on all radiating layers that are located on the same side of the central axis as the high-frequency feed line structure, and output high-frequency signals.

[0100] Wherein, the entire radiating patch array includes each of the radiating layers A total of radiating patches, the entire radiating patch array comprising four sub-radiating patch arrays, each sub-radiating patch array comprising... The local radiating patch array comprises two adjacent radiating patches, wherein the local radiating patch array includes two sub-radiating patch arrays.

[0101] Among them, the two output branches 1621 and 1622 of the high-frequency feed line 162 correspond to a sub-radiating patch array. In the vertical direction from the feed layer to the radiation layer, the output branches 162 and 1622 respectively transmit the signal input from the RF source to a second coupling slot 152 above. After passing through the second coupling slot 152, the signal is coupled to a sub-radiating patch array above, thereby exciting the local radiating patch array to generate a high-frequency signal.

[0102] For example, when n is 4, output branches 1621 and 1622 respectively excite a 2×2 sub-radiative patch array above, generating a center frequency of The high-frequency radiation band.

[0103] In some embodiments, the antenna element is simulated based on the antenna element described above, and the resulting S-parameter simulation results of the antenna element are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the obtained radiation pattern simulation results are as follows: Figure 5 As shown.

[0104] When all ports are excited simultaneously, the antenna exhibits good radiation performance across different frequency bands:

[0105] At the center frequency Within its operating bandwidth, the antenna forms a linearly polarized radiation beam with a well-defined main lobe and good directivity. The 10 dB impedance bandwidth is 15.8%;

[0106] At the center frequency Within its operating bandwidth, the antenna also forms a linearly polarized radiation beam with a well-defined main lobe and good directivity. The 10 dB impedance bandwidth is 21.1%;

[0107] exist Within the frequency band, the isolation at each port of the antenna is greater than 20 dB. Within the frequency band, the isolation at each port of the antenna is greater than 18 dB;

[0108] The above performance demonstrates the frequency-selective radiation capability of the antenna of the present invention under the conditions of common aperture and multi-frequency coexistence, and is suitable for the construction of directional links and resource reuse in dual-frequency fusion communication systems.

[0109] In some embodiments, this application also provides an antenna array, which includes the antenna elements in any of the above embodiments;

[0110] The antenna array may include multiple antenna elements, which are arranged in a preset manner to form the antenna array, thereby further expanding the antenna application capabilities.

[0111] For example, taking four antenna elements as an example, such as Figure 6 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of an antenna array provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 An example of a 1×4 antenna array is given, where 21 is the top radiating surface formed by the close arrangement of the first radiating layer 11 of four antenna elements, and the other four radiating layers are not visible due to obstruction. Figure 6 As shown, 25 is the ground plane of the antenna array. Each element of the antenna array maintains a common aperture structure, and each frequency band antenna can operate independently by controlling the power supply.

[0112] Figure 6 The feed ports of the antenna array in the image use a phase shift of... The feeding method causes the main beam to deflect, and the simulation results of the radiation pattern are as follows. Figure 7 As shown:

[0113] In low frequency The array achieves ±45° beam offset, with a stable main lobe and good beamwidth.

[0114] In high frequency The array achieves ±45° beam offset, with a stable main lobe and good beamwidth.

[0115] It is understood that the antenna array provided in the embodiments of the present invention has the same technical features as the antenna element provided in the above embodiments, so it can also solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects.

[0116] In summary, the low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture antenna element and antenna array with a shared radiation structure provided by this invention achieves dual-frequency broadband common-aperture radiation and controllable radiation pattern characteristics without increasing the structural profile. It has significant engineering application value and is particularly suitable for scenarios such as compact communication terminals and highly integrated phased array systems.

[0117] In some embodiments, the low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture antenna element and antenna array with a shared radiation structure provided in this application can be applied to different electronic devices, including but not limited to mobile communication devices such as mobile phones. This application does not limit this application.

[0118] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A low-profile dual-frequency common-aperture antenna element with a shared radiation structure, characterized in that, The antenna element includes multiple radiating layers, a ground layer, and a feed layer stacked from top to bottom; Each radiation layer includes multiple radiation patches and a dielectric substrate. The multiple radiation patches are arranged in a preset manner to form a radiation patch array, and the radiation patch array is disposed on the dielectric substrate. The grounding layer is in close contact with the bottom radiating layer among the plurality of radiating layers, and the grounding layer is provided with a plurality of coupling gaps; The power supply layer includes a low-frequency feed line, a high-frequency feed line, and a dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate is tightly attached to the ground layer. The low-frequency feed line and the high-frequency feed line are disposed on the dielectric substrate of the power supply layer. The low-frequency feed line is disposed on the central axis of the power supply layer, and the high-frequency feed line is disposed on both sides of the low-frequency feed line. The grounding layer has multiple coupling gaps, including a first coupling gap and four second coupling gaps; The first coupling gap is H-shaped, the H-shape including a connecting gap and two side gaps of equal size, the length of the connecting gap being greater than the length of the side gaps; The two side gaps are parallel to each other, the connecting gap is located between the two side gaps and perpendicular to the two side gaps, and the two ends of the connecting gap are respectively connected to one of the side gaps. Each of the second coupling gaps is elongated, each of the second coupling gaps is parallel to the connecting gap and perpendicular to the side gap, and each of the second coupling gaps is evenly distributed around the first coupling gap; The first coupling gap and the four second coupling gaps are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner around the geometric center of the grounding layer; The low-frequency feed line and the high-frequency feed lines on both sides of the low-frequency feed line are arranged axially symmetrically with respect to the central axis of the feed layer. The input end of the low-frequency feeder is located at one end of the feed layer perpendicular to the central axis, and the input end of the high-frequency feeder is located at the other end of the feed layer perpendicular to the central axis. The low-frequency feeder and the high-frequency feeder extend from their respective input ends along the central axis of the feed layer to the output end. The low-frequency feed line is perpendicular to and intersects the projection of the connection gap on the feed layer, and is parallel to the projection of the side gap on the feed layer; The high-frequency feed lines located on both sides of the central axis are perpendicular to and intersect with the projections of the two second coupling gaps on the feed layer, respectively; Each of the high-frequency feed lines includes a power divider, and the output of the high-frequency feed line is divided into a first output branch and a second output branch by the power divider. The central axes of the first output branch and the second output branch coincide, the output directions of the first output branch and the second output branch are opposite, and the first output branch and the second output branch are perpendicular to and intersect with the projections of different second coupling gaps on the feed layer. The low-frequency feed line and the first coupling gap form a low-frequency feeding structure, which is used to excite all the radiating patch arrays on all radiating layers and output a low-frequency signal. The high-frequency feed line and the two second coupling gaps form a high-frequency feeding structure, which is used to excite the local radiating patch arrays on all radiating layers that are located on the same side of the central axis as the high-frequency feed line structure and output a high-frequency signal.

2. The antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of radiation layers include a first radiation layer, a second radiation layer, and a third radiation layer stacked together; The first radiating layer is located on top of the plurality of radiating layers and includes a first dielectric substrate and a first radiating patch array, wherein the first radiating patch array is embedded in the first dielectric substrate; The second radiating layer includes a second dielectric substrate and a second radiating patch array, wherein the second radiating patch array is embedded in the second dielectric substrate, and the upper surface of the second dielectric substrate is in close contact with the lower surface of the first dielectric substrate. The third radiating layer includes a third dielectric substrate and a third radiating patch array. The third radiating patch array is embedded in the third dielectric substrate, and the upper surface of the third dielectric substrate is in close contact with the lower surface of the second dielectric substrate.

3. The antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that, The radiating patches in the first and second radiating patch arrays are cross-shaped, while the radiating patches in the third radiating patch array are L-shaped.

4. The antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first radiating patch array, the second radiating patch array, and the third radiating patch array all include One radiation patch; The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch array onto the second radiating layer does not intersect with the second radiating patch array; Each radiating patch in the third radiating patch array corresponds to the orthographic projection of each radiating patch in the second radiating patch array onto the third radiating layer; Where n is an even number not less than 4.

5. The antenna element according to claim 4, characterized in that, The plurality of radiation layers also includes a fourth radiation layer, which is the bottom radiation layer among the plurality of radiation layers; The fourth radiating layer includes a fourth dielectric substrate and a fourth radiating patch array. The fourth radiating patch array is embedded in the fourth dielectric substrate, and the upper surface of the fourth dielectric substrate is in close contact with the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate. The number of radiating patches in the fourth radiating patch array is one-quarter of the number of radiating patches in the other radiating patch arrays, and the area of ​​each radiating patch in the fourth radiating patch array is larger than the area of ​​the radiating patches in the other radiating patch arrays. Each radiation patch in the fourth radiation patch array is respectively associated with each of the radiation patches in the third radiation layer. The sub-radiation patch array, consisting of several radiation patches, corresponds to the orthographic projection on the fourth radiation layer.

6. The antenna element according to claim 4, characterized in that, The entire radiating patch array includes each of the radiating layers. A total of radiating patches, the entire radiating patch array comprising four sub-radiating patch arrays, each sub-radiating patch array comprising... The local radiating patch array comprises two adjacent radiating patches, wherein the local radiating patch array includes two sub-radiating patch arrays.

7. An antenna array, characterized in that, The antenna array includes the antenna elements according to any one of claims 1-6; The antenna elements are arranged in a preset manner to form the antenna array.

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