Devices, systems and / or methods for myopia control

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to devices, systems and / or methods for myopia control. The present disclosure generally relates to a lens that provides a stop signal for myopia on a substantial portion of the spectacle lens being used by a viewer. The present disclosure relates to devices, methods and / or systems for applying a stop signal for eye development using ophthalmic lenses in combination with microlens arrays. The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods and / or systems for modifying incident light through spectacle lenses that utilize color cues to slow down the rate of myopia progression. The present disclosure relates to devices, methods and / or systems for applying a stop signal for eye development using spectacle lenses in combination with refractive and / or diffractive optical elements that provide conflicting or opposition optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of application number 202210079708.5, filed on October 25, 2017, having a priority date of October 25, 2016, and entitled “Devices, Systems and / or Methods for Myopia Control”.

[0002] Application number 202210079708.5, filed on October 25, 2017, entitled “Devices, Systems and / or Methods for Myopia Control” is a divisional application of application number 201780080612.8, filed on October 25, 2017, having a priority date of October 25, 2016, and entitled “Devices, Systems and / or Methods for Myopia Control”. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims priority to and is related to U.S. Application No. 62 / 412,507, filed on October 25, 2016, entitled “Devices, Systems and / or Methods for Myopia Control”, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0004] The present disclosure relates at least in part to the introduction of conflicting chromatic cues at the retinal level of the wearer's eye that serve as a stop signal for myopic eyes or eyes that can be progressing toward myopia. The present disclosure also relates at least in part to the introduction of conflicting optical signals at the retinal level of the wearer's eye to M and / or L cones that can serve as a stop signal for myopic eyes or eyes that can be progressing toward myopia. The present disclosure also relates at least in part to the use of refractive optical elements (ROEs) and / or diffractive optical elements (DOEs) in combination with ophthalmic lenses that are intended to introduce conflicting, antagonistic or inconsistent optical signals between adjacent cone photoreceptors, in particular M and / or L cone photoreceptors that can be involved in the developmental control mechanisms of emmetropization. The present disclosure also relates at least in part to one or more of the following: modifying, changing and / or reducing the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the wearer's eye to wavelengths that correspond to about 50%, 75% and 100% peak sensitivity of the L-cone photoreceptors that can play a role in emmetropization. The present disclosure also relates at least in part to one or more of the following: modifying, changing and / or reducing the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the wearer's eye to wavelengths that correspond to about 75% and 100% peak sensitivity of the M-cone photoreceptors that can master cues in the direction of eye development. The present disclosure also relates at least in part to one or more of the following: modifying, changing and / or reducing the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the wearer's eye to wavelengths that are between about 510 nm and about 610 nm that can serve as a stop signal for progressive myopic eyes. The present disclosure also relates at least in part to the introduction of focusing patterns at the retinal level of the wearer's eye that are intentionally modified to be spectrally and / or spatially varying that can serve as a stop signal for progressive myopic eyes. The present disclosure also relates at least in part to the use of ROEs and / or DOEs in combination with ophthalmic lenses, for example ophthalmic lenses that are intended to intentionally modify, change and / or reduce the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye to wavelengths that correspond to the M and / or L cone photoreceptors of the wearer's eye that can serve as a stop signal to slow the rate of progression of myopic eyes or eyes that can be progressing toward myopia. The present disclosure also relates at least in part to the use of a single, several or an array of lenticules in combination with an ophthalmic lens, for example an ophthalmic lens. The present disclosure also relates at least in part to the use of an array of lenticules in combination with an ophthalmic lens that is intended to slow the rate of myopia progression by introducing a stop signal. The present disclosure also relates at least in part to the use of an optical film in combination with an ophthalmic lens that is intended to modify the optical signals received by the M and / or L cone photoreceptors of the wearer's eye that can serve as a stop signal for progressive myopic eyes.In the present disclosure, the use of optical films will broadly encompass surface modifications and / or modifications to the base material of eyeglasses lenses. The present disclosure also relates, at least in part, to introducing a stop signal for progressive myopic eyes by using eyeglasses lens systems that modify and / or reduce longitudinal chromatic aberration corresponding to M and / or L cones on the retina, which is not or substantially not affected by the viewing angle of the wearer through the eyeglasses lens system. The present disclosure also relates to methods and systems using a regimen of eyeglasses lenses that introduce a temporal variation of chromatic aberration at the M and / or L cone receptors of the wearer’s eye to exercise the eye and inhibit / control the progression of myopia. BACKGROUND

[0005] The discussion of the background of the present disclosure is included to explain the context of the disclosed embodiments. This acknowledgment is not to be taken as an admission that the material referred to was published or known by the date of the priority of the embodiments and claims presented herein.

[0006] For clear perception of images, the optics of the eye should produce images that are focused on the retina, in particular on the fovea. Myopia, commonly referred to as nearsightedness, is a vision disorder of the eye in which on-axis images are focused in front of the fovea of the retina. Hyperopia, commonly referred to as farsightedness, is a vision disorder of the eye in which on-axis images are focused behind the fovea of the retina. Focusing of images in front of or behind the fovea of the retina produces a lower order aberration, known as defocus. Astigmatism is another type of lower order aberration in which the optics of the eye deviates from a spherical curvature, as light rays are blocked from meeting at a common focal point, resulting in image distortion. In addition to lower order aberrations, the eye can also have higher order optical aberrations, including but not limited to spherical aberration, coma aberration, and / or trefoil aberration.

[0007] In myopia, the defect in visual focus causes distant objects (items in the scene that the eye sees) to appear blurry because their images are focused in front of the fovea instead of on it. Myopia is a common visual disorder affecting approximately one-quarter of the adult population in the United States, and its prevalence is increasing. In some countries, particularly in Asia, the prevalence of myopia in school-aged children is currently higher than 80%. Thus, a large fraction of the world’s population has myopic refractive error that requires some form of optical correction to see clearly. In particular, myopic refractive error is progressive in young patients (i.e., the refractive error increases over time). It is also known that myopia progresses regardless of the age of onset, and myopia tends to increase in amount that requires progressively stronger correction. High myopia can lead to certain forms of retinal pathology; increased risk of retinal detachment, cataracts, and glaucoma. In addition, there are personal, social, and economic burdens to the individual and the community that accompany this visual disorder. These include direct costs of vision correction and management (amounting to billions of dollars per year), as well as indirect costs such as productivity and quality of life. The visual and potential pathological effects of myopia and the consequent inconvenience and cost to the individual and the community make it necessary to develop effective strategies to prevent or delay the onset, arrest or slow the progression, or limit the amount of myopia that occurs in patients.

[0008] The eye system achieves and maintains emmetropia (where the length of the eye matches well the focal length of its optics) by using a visual feedback mechanism to adjust the position of the retina relative to the optical system of the eye. The axial length of the eye is controlled by homeostatic developmental control mechanisms involving “developmental” and “stop” signals. The visual system relies on visual experience as the main input for the effective functioning of the homeostatic feedback mechanism. Error signals that can decode the signs of optical defocus contribute to an increase or decrease in the rate of eye development, leading to minimal refractive error. This compensatory mechanism has been repeatedly shown in many experiments where animal eyes compensate for optical defocus imposed with spectacle lenses by adjusting the rate of eye development. Non-emmetropia leads to the failure of this active emmetropization process. There is enough evidence in the literature that defocus signals control the emmetropization process. The refractive index of the optical media of the human eye is highly dependent on wavelength, exhibiting a significant level of chromatic dispersion. The longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of the eye is defined as the change in the total refractive power of the eye as a function of wavelength, taking into account the visible white light (from approximately 400 nm to approximately 700 nm). The LCA of the human eye is approximately 2 diopters (D) (approximately 400 nm to approximately 700 nm, FIG. 18B ), and it involves a measure of on-axis chromatic dispersion. FIG. 18B Longitudinal chromatic shift in diopters is shown. FIG. 18BThe table above shows the shift in focus for each reference wavelength relative to 540 nm, which is treated as the reference wavelength. The peak cone sensitivity for S cones is 443 nm, which corresponds to a -0.72 D shift in focus relative to the reference wavelength (540 nm). Similarly, the shift in focus for each of the other reference planes relative to the reference wavelength (540 nm) can be derived from the table in FIG. 18B The dispersion that occurs due to off-axis illumination is referred to as transverse chromatic aberration (TCA).

[0009] With respect to spectacle lens design options, they include progressive addition lenses (aimed at reducing accommodative lag or on-axis hyperopia), concentric bifocals, and executive bifocals (aimed at reducing on-axis and off-axis hyperopia). Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of delaying the rate of myopia progression in children.

[0010] There is a need in the art for an ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system that provides a stop signal for eye development regardless of the gaze direction of the wearer’s eye relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or lens system. The ophthalmic lens can be, for example, a spectacle lens. There is also a need in the art for an ophthalmic lens that can be used alone or in combination with another ophthalmic lens (e.g., a contact lens or a spectacle) as an ophthalmic lens system, where the lens or lens system provides a stop signal for eye development regardless of the gaze direction of the wearer’s eye relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or lens system.

[0011] There is a need in the art for a spectacle lens system that provides a stop signal for a progressing eye regardless of which portion of the spectacle lens system the child and / or the viewer is using. There is also a need in the art for a spectacle lens system or device (i.e., a lenticule array) that can be combined with a spectacle lens, where the lens (or combination product) provides a stop signal for the development of a progressing eye for a portion or a substantial portion of the viewing angle of the spectacle lens system used by the person.

[0012] The present disclosure relates to devices, methods, and / or systems that can provide a spectacle lens system that provides a stop signal for a progressing eye regardless of which portion of the spectacle lens system the child and / or the viewer is using.

[0013] The present disclosure relates to devices, methods, and / or systems that can provide an ophthalmic lens or lens system that provides a stop signal for a progressing eye regardless of the gaze direction of the wearer’s eye relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or lens system.

[0014] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of providing an ophthalmic lens or lens system that provides a stop signal for eye development for a portion or a substantial portion of the visual field of an ophthalmic lens system used by a person. The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of imposing a conflicting color signal at the retinal level of a corrective eye by using a microlens array as part of and / or in conjunction with an ophthalmic lens.

[0015] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of imposing a conflicting color signal at the retinal level of a corrective eye by using a refractive optical element (ROE) and / or a diffractive optical element (DOE) as part of and / or in conjunction with an ophthalmic lens to adjacent M and / or L cone photoreceptors.

[0016] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of imposing a spatially and / or spectrally varying focus pattern at the retinal level of a corrective eye, in particular to M and / or L cone photoreceptors, by using a refractive optical element (ROE) and / or a diffractive optical element (DOE) as part of and / or in conjunction with an ophthalmic lens.

[0017] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of changing the longitudinal chromatic aberration, in particular with respect to the wavelength that stimulates M and / or L cone photoreceptors, by using a refractive optical element (ROE) and / or a diffractive optical element (DOE) as part of and / or in conjunction with an ophthalmic lens.

[0018] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of providing an ophthalmic lens or lens system that provides a stop signal for eye development for a portion or a substantial portion of the visual field of an ophthalmic lens system used by a person. The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of imposing a conflicting color signal at the retinal level of a corrective eye by using a microlens array as part of and / or in conjunction with an ophthalmic lens. The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems that modify incident light by an ophthalmic lens system that provides a color cue to the eye that helps to slow the rate of myopia progression. This is achieved by using a microlens array as part of and / or in conjunction with an ophthalmic lens.

[0019] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems that modify incident light by an ophthalmic lens system to provide a color cue to slow eye development. This is achieved by using a microlens array as part of and / or in conjunction with an ophthalmic lens.

[0020] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of substantially altering the light path by using a microlens array as part of and / or in conjunction with an eyeglass lens to provide a directional signal to control eye development at the retinal level of the eye.

[0021] The present disclosure also relates to devices, methods, and / or systems capable of substantially altering the light path by using a microlens array, optical film embedded with ROEs and / or DOEs as part of and / or in conjunction with an eyeglass lens to provide a directional signal to slow down eye development.

[0022] There is a need for improved systems, devices, and / or methods for retarding the rate of progression of myopia or the rate of progression in a human affected thereby. As will become apparent in light of the discussion herein, the present disclosure is directed to overcoming and / or ameliorating at least one of the disadvantages of the prior art. The present disclosure also provides other advantages and / or improvements as discussed herein.

[0023] The subject headings included in the Detailed Description of the Invention are for the convenience of the reader and are not to be used to limit the extent of the disclosure or the claims found in the entire disclosure. Subject headings should not be used to construe the scope of the claims or the claims limitations. Definitions

[0024] Unless otherwise defined herein, terms used herein are as generally used in the art.

[0025] The term “myopic eye” refers to an eye that has been myopic, is pre-myopic, or has a refractive symptom that is progressing toward myopia.

[0026] The term “stop signal” refers to an optical signal that can contribute to the slowing, halting, delaying, inhibiting, or controlling of eye development and / or a refractive symptom of the eye.

[0027] The term “angle of view” refers to the direction of gaze of the wearer’s eye through an ophthalmic lens, eyeglass lens, eyeglass lens system, or combination thereof relative to the eye looking straight ahead in a primary gaze.

[0028] The term “fill ratio” represents the percentage of the total surface area of the eyeglass lens blank or base ophthalmic lens that is occupied by the microlenses. The diameter of each microlens can be used to calculate the two-dimensional area occupied by the microlenses as compared to the area of the array that is not occupied by the microlenses.

[0029] The term "pupil fill ratio" is defined as the percentage of the total area of the pupil projected on the plane of the lenslets within the area of the lenslets projected on the plane of the lenslets for a particular viewing angle. In certain embodiments where the pupil fill ratio varies with viewing angle, the fill ratio is defined as the average percentage of the area containing lenslets to the total surface area of the eyeglass lens blank or base material ophthalmic lens.

[0030] The term "focal length" or "focal distance" of a lenslet is understood to refer to the length calculated according to the following equation: f

[0031] where n2 is the refractive index of the n2 layer at about 555 nm, n3 is the refractive index of the n3 layer at about 555 nm, and R is the radius of curvature of the lenslet (e.g., see FIG. 1). In other embodiments, n2 and / or n3 can be defined at one or more wavelengths within the following ranges: 500 nm to 600 nm, 400 nm to 700 nm, or 380 nm to 800 nm.

[0032] For toric lenslets, the term "focal length" relates to one of the two principal meridians (F s ) and (F t ), and it is understood that they are substantially different from each other. The toric focal length is calculated by the following equation:

[0033] where n2 is the refractive index of the n2 layer, n3 is the refractive index of the n3 layer, and R s and R t are the radii of curvature of the lenslet in the two principal meridians. The principal meridians of the individual lenslets can be substantially the same as or substantially different from each other.

[0034] ​The term“microlens array” is generally understood to be an optical system consisting of a plurality of microlenses having the same focal length in the same plane. However, the term“microlens array” in the present disclosure is not limited to this. The term“microlens array” is understood to mean a plurality of microlenses that together form an array. The microlenses making up the array can or can not be in the same plane and / or can or can not have the same focal length. The microlens array can be formed as one sheet, as part of a sheet, multiple sheets, or as part of a spectacle lens system. The array can consist of at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 layers. The devices disclosed herein can have at least 1, 2, 3, or 4 microlens arrays. The diameter of the microlens(es) can be approximately 10 pm, approximately 20 pm, approximately 30 pm, approximately 50 pm, approximately 75 pm, approximately 100 pm, approximately 150 pm, approximately 200 pm, approximately 400 pm, approximately 500 pm, approximately 600 pm, approximately 750 pm. The diameter of the microlenses making up the microlens array can vary. The diameter of the microlens(es) can be between 10 pm and 20 pm, between 10 pm and 30 pm, between 10 pm and 50 pm, between 10 pm and 75 pm, between 10 pm and 100 pm, between 10 pm and 150 pm, between 10 pm and 200 pm, between 10 pm and 400 pm, between 10 pm and 500 pm, between 10 pm and 600 pm, between 10 pm and 750 pm, between 20 pm and 30 pm, between 20 pm and 50 pm, between 20 pm and 75 pm, between 20 pm and 100 pm, between 20 pm and 150 pm, between 20 pm and 200 pm, between 20 pm and 400 pm, between 20 pm and 500 pm, between 20 pm and 600 pm, or between 20 pm and 750 pm. In certain embodiments, the diameter of the microlens(es) can be between 150 pm and 400 pm, between 150 pm and 300 pm, between 200 pm and 400 pm, or a combination thereof.

[0035] The term“radius of curvature” or (R) is understood to mean the reciprocal of the curvature, which has a distance unit (e.g., mm, m, etc.). In the present disclosure, R s is the radius of curvature of the spectacle lens and R l is the radius of curvature of the lenslet.

[0036] The term“spectacle lens” is understood to mean a spectacle lens blank, a finished or substantially finished spectacle lens.

[0037] The term "spectacle lens system" should be understood to mean a spectacle lens blank, finished or substantially finished, containing one or more micro-lens arrays. These micro-lens arrays can be located on the front surface of the spectacle lens, on the back surface of the spectacle lens, within the bulk of the spectacle lens or a combination thereof. SUMMARY

[0038] The present disclosure aims to overcome one or more of the problems described herein. Briefly, the human retina is composed of three different types of cones (S, M and L types) that are sensitive to short, medium and long wavelengths of the visible spectrum. The M and L cones constitute over 90% of the cones on the retina, particularly in the macular region, and the sampling of the L cones is roughly two to three times that of the cones. The measurement and / or correction of refractive errors tends to be centered on a 555 nm wavelength corresponding to roughly the midpoint between the peak sensitivities of the M and L cones. In these cases, a substantial portion of the L cones experience defocus (hyperopic blur); this is associated with the developmental stimulus for the corrected eye leading to progressive myopia. Thus, stimulation of the M and L cones can limit the stimulus on the eye's developmental pattern and thus limit the progressive myopic eye.

[0039] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices and / or systems of altering, substantially altering, modifying or substantially modifying the optical signal received by the L cones or at wavelengths corresponding to roughly (100%, 75% and 50%) peak sensitivity of the L cones (565 nm, 610 nm and 625 nm, respectively) while continuing to correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye at a central wavelength of 540 to 560 nm or about 540 nm to 560 nm.

[0040] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices and / or systems of modifying or substantially modifying the optical signal received by a substantial portion of the L cones of the wearer's eye at a plurality of wavelengths corresponding to roughly 100%, 75% and 50% peak sensitivity of the substantial portion of the L cones and correcting the refractive error of the wearer's eye at least in part at a central wavelength between 540 nm and 560 nm.

[0041] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices and / or systems of modifying or substantially modifying the optical signal received by a substantial portion of the L cones of the wearer's eye at roughly 565 nm, 610 nm and 625 nm wavelengths and correcting the refractive error of the wearer's eye at least in part at a central wavelength between 540 nm and 560 nm.

[0042] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices, and / or systems that alter, or substantially alter, change, or substantially change, the optical signal received by the M-cones at wavelengths corresponding to the approximate (75% and 100%) peak sensitivity of the M-cones (510 nm and 535 nm, respectively), while continuing to correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye at a central wavelength between 540 nm and 560 nm.

[0043] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices, and / or systems that change, or substantially change, the optical signal received by a substantial portion of the M-cones of the wearer's eye at a plurality of wavelengths corresponding to the approximate 75% and 100% peak sensitivity of a substantial portion of the L-cones and correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye at least partially at a central wavelength between 540 nm and 560 nm.

[0044] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices, and / or systems that change, or substantially change, the optical signal received by a substantial portion of the M-cones of the wearer's eye at approximately 510 nm and 535 nm wavelengths and correct the refractive error of the wearer's eye at least partially at a central wavelength between 540 nm and 560 nm.

[0045] In certain other embodiments, the alteration, or substantial change, of the optical signal received by the L-cones includes creating a conflicting optical signal at the retinal plane populating the L-cones, where a conflicting optical signal refers to some of the L-cones receiving a focus signal while the rest receive a defocus signal (myopic or hyperopic). The proportion of L-cones receiving the conflicting signal can be one or more of the following combinations: approximately 10% (focus) - 90% (defocus), approximately 20% (focus) - 80% (defocus), approximately 30% (focus) - 70% (defocus), approximately 40% (focus) - 60% (defocus), approximately 50% (focus) - 50% (defocus), approximately 60% (focus) - 40% (defocus), approximately 70% (focus) - 30% (defocus), approximately 80% (focus) - 20% (defocus), and approximately 90% (focus) - 10% (defocus). In other embodiments, introducing a conflicting signal at the L-cone photoreceptor plane of the wearer's eye can be referred to as a conflicting color cue. In some other embodiments, introducing a conflicting signal at the L-cone photoreceptor plane can also be referred to as introducing a stop signal.

[0046] In certain other embodiments, the change or mostly change in optical signal received by L cones comprises creating an antagonistic optical signal to neighboring L cones at the retinal plane, where antagonistic optical signal means that some of the L cones receive myopic signals while the rest receive hyperopic signals. The proportion of L cones that receive antagonistic optical signals can be one or more of the following combinations: approximately 10% (myopic) - 90% (hyperopic), approximately 20% (myopic) - 80% (hyperopic), approximately 30% (myopic) - 70% (hyperopic), approximately 40% (myopic) - 60% (hyperopic), approximately 50% (myopic) - 50% (hyperopic), approximately 60% (myopic) - 40% (hyperopic), approximately 70% (myopic) - 30% (hyperopic), approximately 80% (myopic) - 20% (hyperopic), and approximately 90% (myopic) - 10% (hyperopic). In other embodiments, the introduction of antagonistic signals at the L cone photoreceptor plane of the wearer’s eye can be referred to as antagonistic color cues. In some other embodiments, the introduction of antagonistic signals at the L cone photoreceptor plane can also be referred to as the introduction of stop signals.

[0047] In certain other embodiments, the change or mostly change in optical signal received by M cones comprises creating a conflicting optical signal at the retinal plane that fills the M cone shape, where conflicting signal means that some of the M cones receive focus signals while the rest receive defocus signals (myopic). The proportion of M cones that receive conflicting signals can be one or more of the following combinations: approximately 10% (focus) - 90% (defocus), approximately 20% (focus) - 80% (defocus), approximately 30% (focus) - 70% (defocus), approximately 40% (focus) - 60% (defocus), approximately 50% (focus) - 50% (defocus), approximately 60% (focus) - 40% (defocus), approximately 70% (focus) - 30% (defocus), approximately 80% (focus) - 20% (defocus), and approximately 90% (focus) - 10% (defocus). In other embodiments, the concept of introducing conflicting signals at the M cone photoreceptor plane of the wearer’s eye can be referred to as conflicting color cues. In some other embodiments, the concept of introducing conflicting signals at the M cone photoreceptor plane can also be referred to as the introduction of stop signals.

[0048] In certain other embodiments, the change or mostly change in the optical signal received by the M-cones comprises creating an antagonistic optical signal at the plane of the retina where the M-cones are populated, where the antagonistic optical signal results in some of the M-cones receiving myopia signals and the rest receiving hyperopia signals. The proportion of M-cones that receive the antagonistic optical signal can be one or more of the following combinations: approximately 10% (myopia) - 90% (hyperopia), approximately 20% (myopia) - 80% (hyperopia), approximately 30% (myopia) - 70% (myopia), approximately 40% (myopia) - 60% (hyperopia), approximately 50% (myopia) - 50% (hyperopia), approximately 60% (myopia) - 40% (hyperopia), approximately 70% (myopia) - 30% (hyperopia), approximately 80% (myopia) - 20% (hyperopia), approximately 90% (myopia) - 10% (hyperopia). In other embodiments, the concept of introducing an antagonistic signal at the plane of the M-cone photoreceptors in the wearer’s eye can be referred to as an antagonistic chromatic cue. In some other embodiments, the concept of introducing an antagonistic signal at the plane of the M-cone photoreceptors is also referred to as introducing a stop signal.

[0049] Certain embodiments relate to methods, devices, and / or systems that provide a stop signal by creating regions on the retina with spatially and / or spectrally varying focusing patterns.

[0050] Certain embodiments relate to eyeglass lenses comprising a microlens array; or a combination of an eyeglass lens and a microlens array, where the eyeglass lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a portion or a substantial portion of the field of view of a human useable eyeglass lens system.

[0051] Certain embodiments relate to eyeglass lenses comprising a ROE, a DOE, or a combination of a ROE and a DOE; or a combination of an eyeglass lens and a ROE, a DOE, or a combination of a ROE and a DOE, where the eyeglass lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a portion or a substantial portion of the field of view of a human useable eyeglass lens system.

[0052] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems that are capable of imposing a stop signal in a wearer’s eye by using a microlens array as part of and / or in conjunction with an eyeglass lens.

[0053] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems that are capable of modifying the incoming light that provides a chromatic cue to slow the rate of myopia progression by an eyeglass lens system. This is achieved by using a microlens array as part of and / or in conjunction with an eyeglass lens. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved by using a ROE, a DOE, or a combination of a ROE and a DOE.

[0054] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems that use a microlens array in conjunction with an eyeglass lens and such a combination can be used to reduce the rate of myopia progression by introducing a conflicting color cue / signal at the retinal level. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved by using a ROE, a DOE, or a combination of a ROE and a DOE.

[0055] Certain embodiments relate to a device that provides a stop signal.

[0056] Certain embodiments relate to an ophthalmic lens, e.g., an eyeglass lens that includes a microlens array; or an ophthalmic lens system that includes a combination of an eyeglass lens and a microlens array, where the ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system is capable of providing a stop signal regardless of (or substantially regardless of) the gaze direction of the wearer’s eye relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved by using a ROE, a DOE, or a combination of a ROE and a DOE.

[0057] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems that are capable of imposing a stop signal in a wearer’s eye by using a microlens array as part of an eyeglass lens and / or in conjunction with an eyeglass lens. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved by using a ROE, a DOE, or a combination of a ROE and a DOE.

[0058] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems that are capable of modifying incoming light to provide a color cue to slow down eye development by an ophthalmic lens or an ophthalmic lens system. This can be achieved by using a microlens array as an ophthalmic lens or in conjunction with an eyeglass lens as an ophthalmic lens system. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved by using a ROE, a DOE, or a combination of a ROE and a DOE.

[0059] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems that use a microlens array in conjunction with an eyeglass lens and such a combination can be used to reduce the rate of eye development by introducing a conflicting color cue / signal at the retinal level. In certain other embodiments, this can be achieved by using a ROE, a DOE, or a combination of a ROE and a DOE.

[0060] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems that use a ROE, a DOE, or a combination of a ROE and a DOE in conjunction with an eyeglass lens and such a combination can be used to reduce the rate of eye development by introducing a conflicting color cue / signal at the retinal level.

[0061] Certain embodiments relate to devices, methods, and / or systems that use a microlens array in conjunction with an eyeglass lens and such a combination can be used to reduce the rate of eye development by introducing a conflicting color cue / signal at the retinal level.

[0062] Certain embodiments are directed to devices, methods and / or systems that use ROEs, DOEs or a combination of ROEs and DOEs in conjunction with eyeglasses lenses and such combination can be used to reduce the rate of eye development by introducing conflicting color cues / signals at the retinal level.

[0063] According to certain example embodiments, a method for selecting corrective eyeglasses lenses for an individual, the method attempts to inhibit and / or control their myopia progression by introducing temporal changes in longitudinal and / or lateral chromatic aberrations experienced at M and / or L cone photoreceptors. The example method includes measuring the refractive symptoms of a person’s both eyes based on a refraction technique; identifying a prescription for a first pair of eyeglasses lenses for the person based at least in part on the measurements of both eyes, the first pair of lenses comprising a set of single vision lenses; identifying a prescription for a second pair of eyeglasses lenses for the person based at least in part on the measurements of both eyes, the second pair of lenses comprising a set of single vision lenses used in conjunction with ROEs and / or DOEs; identifying and prescribing the first pair of lenses for a first period of time; identifying and prescribing the second pair of lenses for a second period of time; wherein the second pair of lenses is configured to introduce conflicting and / or opposing optical signals at the M and / or L cone photoreceptors of the wearer’s eyes.

[0064] Other example embodiments are directed to another example method for selecting corrective eyeglasses lenses for an individual, the method attempts to send a stop signal to a progressive eye by introducing temporal changes in longitudinal and / or lateral chromatic aberrations experienced at M and / or L cone photoreceptors. The method consists of the following steps: selecting a prescription for a person based at least in part on measurements of the eye; identifying a prescription for a first pair of eyeglasses lenses comprising a first lens for the left eye and a first lens for the right eye; identifying a prescription for a second pair of eyeglasses lenses comprising a second lens for the left eye and a second lens for the right eye; identifying a first period of time for the person to wear the first pair of lenses; identifying a second period of time for the person to wear the second pair of lenses; wherein the first pair of lenses or the second pair of lenses is configured to introduce conflicting or opposing optical signals to the M and / or L cone photoreceptors of the individual’s left eye or right eye.

[0065] Certain embodiments are directed to devices, methods and / or systems for reducing or slowing down eye development.

[0066] Certain embodiments are directed to devices, methods and / or systems for reducing the rate of myopia progression.

[0067] In addition to the embodiments discussed in the summary of the invention, other embodiments are disclosed in the specification, drawings, and claims. This summary is not intended to cover every embodiment, combination, or variation considered in this disclosure. This summary is not intended to limit the embodiments disclosed herein. Furthermore, the definition of one embodiment may be combined with the definitions of other embodiments to form other embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0068] Exemplary embodiments will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: FIG. 1A This is a schematic side view of a three-layer microlens array constituting a refractive optical element (ROE) according to certain embodiments.

[0069] FIG. 1B This is a schematic side view of a three-layer microlens array constituting an ROE and a diffractive optical element (DOE) according to certain implementation schemes.

[0070] FIG. 2 This is a schematic side view of a three-layer microlens array including ROE according to certain implementation schemes.

[0071] FIG. 3A This is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens with a small lens made of ROE, according to certain embodiments.

[0072] FIG. 3B It is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens with a small lens made of DOE, according to certain embodiments.

[0073] FIG. 3C This is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens with a small lens made of ROE, according to certain embodiments.

[0074] FIG. 3D It is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens with a small lens made of DOE, according to certain embodiments.

[0075] FIG. 3E This is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens with a small lens made of ROE, according to certain embodiments.

[0076] FIG. 3F It is a schematic side view of an eyeglass lens with a small lens made of DOE, according to certain embodiments.

[0077] FIG. 3G and 3H A schematic side view of an eyeglass lens with a small lens made of ROE is shown according to certain embodiments.

[0078] FIG. 3IThis is a schematic front view of an eyeglass lens coated with a film designed with ROE and DOE, according to certain implementation schemes.

[0079] FIG. 3J It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the surface of an eyeglass lens coated with a film designed with ROE and DOE, according to certain embodiments.

[0080] FIG. 3K This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the surface of an eyeglass lens coated with a thin film and another optical film according to certain embodiments, the other optical film being embedded in the eyeglass matrix and designed with ROE and DOE.

[0081] FIG. 3L This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an optical thin film according to certain embodiments.

[0082] FIG. 3M This is a schematic front view of an optical thin film composed of ROE and DOE according to certain embodiments.

[0083] FIG. 4 It describes monochromatic light entering a normal eye with positive or negative defocus applied at equal or substantially equal magnitudes.

[0084] FIG. 5 It describes the polychromatic light entering a normal eye with equal or substantially equal positive or negative defocus.

[0085] FIG. 6A This is a schematic diagram representing an uncorrected 2 diopters myopic model eye. The incident monochromatic (555 nm) light has zero refractive power vergence.

[0086] FIG. 6B An on-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane is depicted when incident monochromatic (555 nm) light with zero diopter convergence is incident on an uncorrected 2 diopter myopic model eye.

[0087] FIG. 7 A color-coded two-dimensional sagittal refractive power distribution map of a single-vision spectacle with a diopter power of -2 is shown.

[0088] FIG. 8A It indicates that it has been used. FIG. 7 This is a schematic diagram of a 2 diopters myopic model eye corrected by spectacle lenses, as described in the image. The incident monochromatic (555 nm) light has zero diopters of convergence. The incident beam is on-axis (0 degrees) or coaxial with the model eye.

[0089] FIG. 8B It indicates that it has been used. FIG. 7The diagram illustrates a model eye with 2 diopters of myopia corrected by spectacle lenses. The incident monochromatic (555 nm) light has zero diopters of convergence. The incident beam is off-axis (5 degrees) and is a non-coaxial beam entering the model eye.

[0090] FIG. 8C It describes the situation when incident monochromatic light (555 nm) with zero refractive power convergence is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 7 Analysis of on-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0091] FIG. 9 It indicates that it has been used. FIG. 7 This is a schematic diagram of a 2-diopter myopic model eye corrected by spectacle lenses, as described in the diagram. The incident polychromatic light has zero diopter convergence. However, for representation purposes, only two wavelengths (555 nm and 610 nm) are used. The magnified diagram shows how these two wavelengths focus at different planes.

[0092] FIG. 10A It indicates that it has been used. FIG. 7 A schematic diagram of a 2-diopter myopic model eye corrected by spectacle lenses, as described in the image. The incident polychromatic light has zero diopter convergence.

[0093] FIG. 10B It shows the relationship with FIG. 10A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 7 Analysis of on-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0094] FIG. 10C It shows the relationship with FIG. 10A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 7 Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0095] FIG. 10D It shows the relationship with FIG. 10A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 7 Analysis of on-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0096] FIG. 10E It shows the relationship with FIG. 10AAdditional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 7 Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0097] FIG. 10F A schematic diagram of single myopia correction (Rx = -2D) using a single-vision lens (Rx = -2D) is shown. The enlarged portion of the diagram shows the specific focal points corresponding to the wavelengths of the S, M, and L cones.

[0098] FIG. 11A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded microlens array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure shows the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0099] FIG. 11B A sag section of a spectacle lens with an embedded microlens array is shown according to certain embodiments. The figure depicts a sag section with respect to a spectacle lens blank with a diameter of 25 mm.

[0100] FIG. 12A It indicates that it has been used. FIG. 11A and 11A This is a schematic diagram of a 2-diopter myopic model eye corrected by spectacle lenses with an embedded microlens array, as described in the image. The incident polychromatic light has zero diopter convergence. However, for representation purposes, only two wavelengths (555 nm and 610 nm) are used.

[0101] FIG. 12B It shows the relationship with FIG. 12A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 11A and 11B Analysis of on-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when the eye of a 2 diopters myopic model corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded microlens arrays as described in the paper.

[0102] FIG. 12C It shows the relationship with FIG. 12A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 11A and 11B Analysis of on-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when the eye of a 2 diopters myopic model corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded microlens arrays as described in the paper.

[0103] FIG. 12DA schematic diagram is shown of the correction of single myopia (Rx = -2D) using a single-vision lens (Rx = -2D) with multiple DOEs embedded in it. The enlarged portion of the diagram shows specific focal points at two different retinal locations corresponding to the three wavelengths of the S, M, and L cones.

[0104] FIG. 13A A front view of an apparatus having a microlens array configured with an ROE, according to certain embodiments, is depicted. This could be a microlens array formed as a sheet (as part thereof), an eyeglass lens containing a microlens array, or a combination of a microlens sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0105] FIG. 13B A front view of an apparatus configured with DOEs according to certain embodiments is depicted. This could be an array of DOEs formed as a sheet (as part thereof), an eyeglass lens containing an array of microlenses, or a combination of a microlens sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0106] FIG. 14A A front view of an apparatus having a microlens array configured with an ROE 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the central portion of the lens has no or substantially no microlens or ROE. This could be a microlens array formed as part of a sheet, an spectacle lens containing a microlens array, an ROE array, or a combination of a microlens sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0107] FIG. 14B An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the horizontal central portion of the apparatus has no or substantially no microlenses or ROEs. This could be a microlens array or ROE array formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an spectacle lens containing a microlens array, an ROE array, or a combination of a microlens sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0108] FIG. 14C An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the vertical central portion of the apparatus has no or substantially no microlenses or ROEs. This could be a microlens array or ROE array formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an spectacle lens containing a microlens array, an ROE array, or a combination of a microlens sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0109] FIG. 14D A front view of an apparatus having a microlens array configured with DOE 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the central portion of the lens has no or substantially no microlens or DOE. This could be a microlens array formed as part of a sheet, an spectacle lens containing a microlens array, a DOE array, or a combination of a microlens sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0110] FIG. 14EAn apparatus is described in which the horizontal central portion of the apparatus has no or substantially no microlenses or DOEs. This could be a microlens array or DOE array formed as a sheet (or as part of it), an spectacle lens containing a microlens array, a DOE array, or a combination of a microlens sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0111] FIG. 14F An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the vertical central portion of the apparatus has no or substantially no microlenses or DOEs. This could be a microlens array or DOE array formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an spectacle lens containing a microlens array, a DOE array, or a combination of a microlens sheet and a spectacle lens.

[0112] FIG. 15A An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the ROE in the central portion of the apparatus region is smaller in diameter than the ROE in the peripheral region of the apparatus. This could be an array of ROEs formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an eyeglass lens containing an array of ROEs, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0113] FIG. 15B An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the ROE in the central region of the apparatus is larger in diameter than the ROE in the peripheral region of the apparatus. This could be an array of ROEs formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an eyeglass lens containing an array of ROEs, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0114] FIG. 15C An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the DOE in the central portion of the apparatus region is smaller in diameter than the DOE in the peripheral region of the apparatus. This could be an array of DOEs formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an eyeglass lens containing an array of DOEs, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0115] FIG. 15D An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the DOE in the central region of the apparatus is larger in diameter than the DOE in the peripheral region of the apparatus. This may be an array of DOEs formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an eyeglass lens containing an array of DOEs, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0116] FIG. 16A A front view of a device with an array of ROEs according to certain embodiments is depicted, the central portion of which is filled with ROEs of smaller diameter. This could be an array of ROEs formed as a sheet (or as part of it), an eyeglass lens containing an array of ROEs, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0117] FIG. 16BA front view of a device with a DOE array according to certain embodiments is depicted, the central portion of which is filled with DOEs of smaller diameter. This could be a DOE array formed as a sheet (or as part of it), an eyeglass lens containing a DOE array, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0118] FIG. 17A An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein ROE 61 is arranged on a horizontal meridian region while the rest of the array has no or substantially no ROE. This could be an array of ROEs formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an eyeglass lens containing an array of ROEs, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0119] FIG. 17B An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the ROE is arranged in a vertical meridian region while the rest of the array has no or substantially no ROE. This could be an array of ROEs formed as a sheet (or as part of it), an eyeglass lens containing an array of ROEs, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0120] FIG. 17C An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the ROE is arranged on an inclined meridional region while the rest of the array has no or substantially no ROE. This could be an array of ROEs formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an eyeglass lens containing an array of ROEs, or a combination of an ROE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0121] FIG. 17D An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein DOE 61 is arranged in a horizontal meridian region while the rest of the array has no or substantially no DOE. This could be an array of DOEs formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an eyeglass lens containing an array of DOEs, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0122] FIG. 17E An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein DOEs are arranged in a vertical meridian region while other parts of the array have no or substantially no DOEs. This could be an array of DOEs formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an eyeglass lens containing an array of DOEs, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0123] FIG. 17F An apparatus according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein DOEs are arranged on an inclined meridional region while other parts of the array have no or substantially no DOEs. This could be an array of DOEs formed as a sheet (or as part thereof), an eyeglass lens containing an array of DOEs, or a combination of a DOE sheet and an eyeglass lens.

[0124] FIG. 18AThe spectral sensitivity curves of short (S), medium (M), and long (L) photoreceptors in the human retina were depicted.

[0125] FIG. 18B The longitudinal chromatic aberration of the human eye is depicted. The longitudinal chromatic aberration in diopter is plotted as a continuous function of visible wavelength. The figure also depicts a table of diopter focal shifts for various reference points / wavelengths relevant to the human eye. Focal shifts are calculated relative to a light wavelength of 540 nm.

[0126] FIG. 19A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure shows the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0127] FIG. 19B The embedded according to certain implementation schemes is described FIG. 19A The image shows an enlarged version of the two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of the spectacle lens of the ROE array. The map depicts the refractive power distribution over a 1 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual refractive power (+1D) of the ROE element.

[0128] FIG. 19C It shows the relationship with FIG. 19A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 19A and 19B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0129] FIG. 19D It shows the relationship with FIG. 19A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 19A and 19B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0130] FIG. 19E It shows the relationship with FIG. 19A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 19A and 19B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0131] FIG. 19FIt shows the relationship with FIG. 19A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with zero refractive index, one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 19A and 19B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0132] FIG. 20A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure shows the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0133] FIG. 20B The embedded according to certain implementation schemes is described FIG. 20A The image shows an enlarged version of the two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of the spectacle lens of the ROE array. The map depicts the refractive power distribution over a 1 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual refractive power (+2D) of the ROE element.

[0134] FIG. 20C It shows the relationship with FIG. 20A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 20A and 20B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0135] FIG. 20D It shows the relationship with FIG. 20A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 20A and 20B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0136] FIG. 20E It shows the relationship with FIG. 20A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 20A and FIG. 20B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0137] FIG. 20F It shows the relationship with FIG. 20AAdditional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 20A and 20B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0138] FIG. 21A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure shows the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0139] FIG. 21B The embedded according to certain implementation schemes is described FIG. 21A The image shows an enlarged version of the two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of the spectacle lens of the ROE array. The map depicts the refractive power distribution over a 1 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual refractive power (+1D) of the ROE element.

[0140] FIG. 21C It shows the relationship with FIG. 21A Related additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with zero refractive index radiance, one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 21A and 21B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0141] FIG. 21D It shows the relationship with FIG. 21A Related additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with zero refractive index radiance, one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 21A and 21B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0142] FIG. 21E It shows the relationship with FIG. 21A Related additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with zero refractive power, from one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 21A and FIG. 21B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0143] FIG. 21F It shows the relationship with FIG. 21ARelated additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of a multicolor source, having zero refractive power convergence, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 21A and 21B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane on a 2 diopters myopic model eye corrected by spectacle lenses, as described in the paper.

[0144] FIG. 22A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure illustrates the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates. The refractive power of a single element is +2D.

[0145] Figure 22B shows the relationship with FIG. 22A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 22A On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0146] FIG. 22C It shows the relationship with FIG. 22A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 22A Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0147] Figure 22D shows the relationship with FIG. 22A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 22A On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0148] FIG. 22E It shows the relationship with FIG. 22A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 22A Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0149] FIG. 23A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure shows the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0150] FIG. 23B The embedded according to certain implementation schemes is described FIG. 23A The image shows an enlarged version of the two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of the spectacle lens of the ROE array. The map depicts the refractive power distribution over a 2.5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual refractive power (+2D) of the ROE element.

[0151] FIG. 23C Depicting and FIG. 23A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 23A and 23B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0152] FIG. 23D Depicting and FIG. 23A Related additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with zero refractive index radiance, one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 23A and 23B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0153] FIG. 23E Depicting and FIG. 23A Related additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of a multicolor source, having zero refractive power convergence, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 23A and FIG. 23B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0154] FIG. 23F Depicting and FIG. 23A Related additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of a multicolor source, having zero refractive power convergence, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 23A and 23B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0155] FIG. 24A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure shows the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0156] FIG. 24B The embedded according to certain implementation schemes is described FIG. 24A The image shows an enlarged version of the two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of the spectacle lens of the ROE array. The map depicts the refractive power distribution over a 3.5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual refractive power (+2D) of the ROE element.

[0157] FIG. 24C It shows the relationship with FIG. 24A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 24A and 24B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0158] FIG. 24D It shows the relationship with FIG. 24A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 24A and 24B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0159] FIG. 24E It shows the relationship with FIG. 24A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 24A and FIG. 24B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0160] FIG. 24F It shows the relationship with FIG. 24A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 24A and FIG. 24B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0161] FIG. 25A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure shows the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0162] FIG. 25BThe embedded according to certain implementation schemes is described FIG. 25A The image shows an enlarged version of the two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of the spectacle lens of the ROE array. The map depicts the refractive power distribution over a 2.5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual refractive power (+2D) of the ROE element.

[0163] FIG. 25C It shows the relationship with FIG. 25A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 25A and 25B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0164] FIG. 25D It shows the relationship with FIG. 25A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 25A and 25B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0165] FIG. 25E It shows the relationship with FIG. 25A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 25A and FIG. 25B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0166] FIG. 25F It shows the relationship with FIG. 25A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with zero refractive index, one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 25A and 25B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0167] FIG. 26A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure illustrates the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates. The refractive power of a single element is +1D.

[0168] Figure 26B shows the comparison with FIG. 26AAdditional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 26A On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0169] FIG. 26C It shows the relationship with FIG. 26A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 26A Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0170] Figure 26D shows the comparison with FIG. 26A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 26A On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0171] FIG. 26E It shows the relationship with FIG. 26A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with zero refractive index, one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 26A Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0172] FIG. 27A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution of spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure shows the power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0173] FIG. 27B The embedded according to certain implementation schemes is described FIG. 27A The image shows an enlarged version of the two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of the spectacle lens of the ROE array. The map depicts the refractive power distribution over a 1.5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual refractive power (+2D) of the ROE element.

[0174] FIG. 27C It shows the relationship with FIG. 27A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 27A and 27BOn-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0175] FIG. 27D It shows the relationship with FIG. 27A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 27A and 27B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0176] FIG. 27E It shows the relationship with FIG. 27A Related additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of a multicolor source, having zero refractive power convergence, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 27A and FIG. 27B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0177] FIG. 27F It shows the relationship with FIG. 27A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with zero refractive index, one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 27A and 27B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0178] FIG. 28A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure shows the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0179] FIG. 28B The embedded according to certain implementation schemes is described FIG. 28A The image shows an enlarged version of the two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of the spectacle lens of the ROE array. The map depicts the refractive power distribution over a 2 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual refractive power (+2D) of the ROE element.

[0180] FIG. 28C Depicting and FIG. 28A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 28A and 28BOn-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0181] FIG. 28D Depicting and FIG. 28A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 28A and 28B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0182] FIG. 28E Depicting and FIG. 28A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 28A and FIG. 28B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0183] FIG. 28F Depicting and FIG. 28A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with zero refractive index, one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 28A and 28B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0184] FIG. 29A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure illustrates the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates. The refractive power of a single element is +1D.

[0185] Figure 29B shows the comparison with FIG. 29A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 29A On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0186] FIG. 29C It shows the relationship with FIG. 29A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, exhibiting zero refractive index, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 29AAnalysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0187] Figure 29D shows the relationship with FIG. 29A Related additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of a multicolor source, having zero refractive power convergence, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 29A On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0188] FIG. 29E It shows the relationship with FIG. 29A Additional data is available. It describes the situation when incident light with zero refractive index, one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 29A Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0189] FIG. 30A A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a spectacle lens with an embedded ROE array according to certain embodiments is depicted. The figure shows the refractive power distribution over a 5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates.

[0190] FIG. 30B The embedded according to certain implementation schemes is described FIG. 30A The image shows an enlarged version of the two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of the spectacle lens of the ROE array. The map depicts the refractive power distribution over a 2.5 mm optical zone diameter on normalized coordinates to highlight the actual refractive power (+2D) of the ROE element.

[0191] FIG. 30C It shows the relationship with FIG. 30A Related additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with zero refractive index radiance, one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 30A and 30B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0192] FIG. 30D It shows the relationship with FIG. 30A Related additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with zero refractive index radiance, one of the two wavelengths (555 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 30A and 30B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0193] FIG. 30E It shows the relationship with FIG. 30A Related additional data. It depicts the situation when incident light with one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) of a multicolor source, having zero refractive power convergence, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 30A and FIG. 30B On-axis geometric point plot analysis at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected by spectacle lenses with embedded ROE arrays as described in the paper.

[0194] FIG. 30F It shows the relationship with FIG. 30A Related additional data. It describes the situation when incident light with zero refractive index radiance, one of the two wavelengths (610 nm) from a multicolor source, is incident on a light source that has been used for... FIG. 30A and 30B Analysis of 5-degree off-axis geometric point plots at the retinal plane when a 2 diopters myopic model eye is corrected with spectacle lenses as described in the paper.

[0195] FIG. 31 to FIG. 35 A front view of a device with various types of optical patterns embedded according to certain embodiments is shown.

[0196] FIG. 36 and FIG. 37 An alternative method for correcting an exemplary -2D myopic model eye is shown, using paired spectacle lenses. Invention Details

[0197] The following description pertains to several embodiments that may share common characteristics and features. It should be understood that one or more features of one embodiment may be combined with one or more features of other embodiments. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features in certain embodiments may constitute other embodiments. The specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be construed as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to employ the disclosed embodiments and variations thereof in various ways.

[0198] The headings included in the detailed description of the invention are for the reader's convenience and should not be used to limit the subject matter found throughout the disclosure or claims. These headings should not constitute a scope or limitation of the claims.

[0199] One or more of the following advantages are found in one or more of the disclosed apparatus, method and / or system: A. A spectacle lens system provides a stop signal for at least a portion or a substantial portion of the field of view through the spectacle lens system, thereby reducing or halting eye development (or refractive error) in the wearer's eye, and thus increasing the likelihood of slowing the rate of myopia progression.

[0200] B. For effective myopia control, the wearer of the spectacle lens system does not need to see through a part of the spectacle lens system.

[0201] C. The spectacle lens system visually resembles typical spectacle lenses and does not suffer from the potential aversion shown by some wearers (e.g., performing bifocal glasses).

[0202] D. Has the ability to modify the following: microlens array pattern, ROE array pattern, DOE array pattern, diameter of microlens, diameter of individual ROE, diameter of individual DOE, depth of microlens, sagittal depth of individual ROE surface, sagittal depth of individual DOE surface, spatial position of microlens, spatial position of ROE, spatial position of DOE, focal length of microlens, focal length of individual ROE, focal length of individual DOE, spacing between microlenses, spacing between individual ROE, spacing between individual DOE, refractive index of microlens material, refractive index of individual ROE, refractive index of individual DOE, refractive index of spectacle lens material; or combinations thereof.

[0203] E. An ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system provides a stop signal to the wearer's eye to reduce or prevent eye development (or refractive errors), regardless of (or substantially regardless of) the direction of the wearer's gaze relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or ophthalmic lens system.

[0204] F. In order to effectively slow down eye development, wearers of ophthalmic lenses or ophthalmic lens systems do not need to look through a part of the eyeglass lens system.

[0205] Some embodiments of this disclosure relate to apparatus, methods, and / or systems capable of providing a spectacle lens system that provides a stop signal for progressive eye disease, regardless of which part of the spectacle lens system the child and / or viewer is using.

[0206] Certain embodiments of this disclosure relate to apparatus, methods, and / or systems capable of providing spectacle lens systems and / or devices that can be combined with spectacle lenses, wherein the lens (or combination product) provides a stop signal for progressive eye conditions for a portion or a substantial portion of the field of view of the spectacle lens system used by a person. In some embodiments, a substantial portion of the field of view may be understood as at least 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the total field of view available when wearing the spectacle lens system or wearing device. In other embodiments, a substantial portion of the field of view may be understood as at least 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the total field of view of the device in those portions or regions of the device containing the microlens.

[0207] Some embodiments of this disclosure relate to apparatus, methods, and / or systems capable of providing ophthalmic lens systems that provide a stop signal for eye development, regardless of (or substantially regardless of) the gaze direction of the wearer's eye relative to the center of the ophthalmic lens or the ophthalmic lens system.

[0208] Certain embodiments of this disclosure relate to apparatus, methods, and / or systems capable of providing ophthalmic lenses and / or devices that can be combined with spectacle lenses (referred to as lens systems), wherein the lens (or combination product) provides a stop signal for eye development, and wherein at least a substantial portion of the lens provides a stop signal for eye development within a portion or a substantial portion of the field of view of the spectacle lens system used by the person. In some embodiments, at least a substantial portion of the field of view can be understood as at least 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the total field of view available when wearing the spectacle lens system or the wearing device. In other embodiments, at least a substantial portion of the field of view can be understood as at least 55%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 99% of the total field of view of the device in those portions or regions of the device containing the microlens.

[0209] The microlens arrays, ROE arrays, or DOE arrays disclosed herein can vary significantly in their properties. In some embodiments, the microlens arrays, ROE arrays, or DOE arrays can be manufactured as sheets, which may consist of more than one layer, for example, two, three, four, or five layers. In some embodiments, the microlens arrays, ROE arrays, or DOE arrays can be manufactured as sheets, which may consist of at least one, two, three, four, or five layers. The sheets can then be cut or configured to function properly in conjunction with spectacle lens blanks. Microlens arrays, ROE arrays, or DOE arrays, or sheets containing microlens arrays, ROE arrays, or DOE arrays, can be located on the front surface of a spectacle lens, on the rear surface of a spectacle lens, embedded in a spectacle lens matrix, in the first layer of a spectacle lens, in the second layer of a spectacle lens, in the third layer of a spectacle lens, in the fourth layer of a spectacle lens, in the fifth layer of a spectacle lens, or combinations thereof. Microlens arrays, ROE arrays, or DOE arrays can be applied to or adhered to eyeglass lenses to function in a variety of ways, including but not limited to adhesive (thermal or chemical) or mechanical methods.

[0210] In some embodiments, the microlens array, ROE array, or DOE array can be integrally formed and / or molded as part of the spectacle lens. In some embodiments, the spectacle lens containing the microlens array, ROE array, or DOE array can be formed and / or molded into multiple layers, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 layers. In some embodiments, the spectacle lens containing the microlens array, ROE array, or DOE array can be formed and / or molded from at least 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 layers. The microlens array, ROE array, or DOE array can be located on the front surface of the spectacle lens, the rear surface of the spectacle lens, in the first layer of the spectacle lens, in the second layer of the spectacle lens, in the third layer of the spectacle lens, in the fourth layer of the spectacle lens, in the fifth layer of the spectacle lens, or in combinations thereof.

[0211] Microlenses, ROEs or DOEs In some embodiments, the fill ratio of the microlenses can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the microlens array. In some embodiments, the fill ratio of the microlenses can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, or 20% to 80% of the total surface area of ​​the microlens array. In some embodiments, the fill ratio of the microlenses can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the microlens array. In some embodiments, the fill ratio of the microlenses can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the microlens array.

[0212] In some embodiments, the fill ratio of ROE can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the ROE array. In some embodiments, the fill ratio of ROE can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, or 20% to 80% of the total surface area of ​​the ROE array. In some embodiments, the fill ratio of ROE can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the ROE array. In some embodiments, the fill ratio of ROE can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the ROE array.

[0213] In some embodiments, the fill ratio of the DOE can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the DOE array. In some embodiments, the fill ratio of the DOE can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, or 20% to 80% of the total surface area of ​​the DOE array. In some embodiments, the fill ratio of the DOE can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the DOE array. In some embodiments, the fill ratio of the DOE can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the DOE array.

[0214] In some embodiments, the pupil fill ratio of the microlens can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the microlens array. In some embodiments, the pupil fill ratio of the microlens can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, or 20% to 80% of the total surface area of ​​the microlens array. In some embodiments, the pupil fill ratio of the microlens can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the microlens array. In some embodiments, the pupil fill ratio of the microlens can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the microlens array.

[0215] In some embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the ROE can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the ROE array. In some embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the ROE can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, or 20% to 80% of the total surface area of ​​the ROE array. In some embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the ROE can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the ROE array. In some embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the ROE can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the ROE array.

[0216] In some embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the DOE can be 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the DOE array. In some embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the DOE can be 10% to 20%, 10% to 30%, 20% to 40%, 20% to 50%, 30% to 50%, 40% to 60%, or 20% to 80% of the total surface area of ​​the DOE array. In some embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the DOE can be at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the total surface area of ​​the DOE array. In some embodiments, the pupil filling ratio of the DOE can be about 10%, approximately 10%, between 5% and 15%, between 8% and 12%, or at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the DOE array.

[0217] In some implementations, the pupil fill ratio may be constant or substantially constant with varying viewing angles. In other implementations, the pupil fill ratio may vary with viewing angles. However, in other implementations, the pupil fill ratio may increase monotonically with viewing angles, decrease monotonically with viewing angles, or vary non-monotonicly with viewing angles. In yet other implementations, the pupil fill ratio may vary gradually with viewing angles.

[0218] In some implementations, the area of ​​one or more microlenses in the microlens array can be approximately 314, 1963, 7854, 31416, 70686, 196350, or 441786 square micrometers (μm). 2 In some embodiments, the area of ​​one or more ROEs in the ROE array can be approximately 314, 1963, 7854, 31416, 70686, 196350, or 441786 square micrometers. In some embodiments, the area of ​​one or more DOEs in the DOE array can be approximately 314, 1963, 7854, 31416, 70686, 196350, or 441786 square micrometers.

[0219] In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more microlenses in the microlens array may be approximately 0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75 mm or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more microlenses in the microlens array may be approximately between 0.01 and 0.75 mm, between 0.01 and 0.2 mm, between 0.05 and 0.15 mm, between 0.05 and 0.2 mm; or a combination thereof.

[0220] In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more ROEs in the ROE array may be approximately 0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75 mm or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more ROEs in the ROE array may be approximately between 0.01 and 0.75 mm, between 0.01 and 0.2 mm, between 0.05 and 0.15 mm, between 0.05 and 0.2 mm; or a combination thereof.

[0221] In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more DOEs in the DOE array may be approximately 0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 0.8 mm or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the diameter of one or more DOEs in the DOE array may be approximately between 0.01 and 0.75 mm, between 0.01 and 0.2 mm, between 0.05 and 0.15 mm, between 0.05 and 0.2 mm; or a combination thereof.

[0222] In an exemplary embodiment, the microlens, refractive and / or diffractive optical elements may be circular, semi-circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, square or a combination thereof, to introduce desired conflicting or opposing signals at adjacent M and / or L cones, thereby generating a stop signal for progressive myopia.

[0223] In an exemplary embodiment, the arrangement of elements of the microlens, refractive and / or diffractive optical element array can be circular, semi-circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal or square to introduce desired conflicting or opposing signals at adjacent M and / or L cones, thereby generating a stop signal for progressive myopia.

[0224] In some embodiments, the center-to-center spacing(s) between two or more microlenses in the array can be 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the center-to-center spacing(s) between two or more microlenses in the microlens array can be at least 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the center-to-center spacing(s) between two or more microlenses in the microlens array can be between 0.05 and 8 mm, between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, between 0.2 and 10 mm, between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, between 1 and 3 mm, between 2 and 5 mm; or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the center-to-center spacing(s) between two or more microlenses in the microlens array can be about 0.2 mm, approximately 0.2 mm, at least 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, approximately 0.3 mm, at least 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, approximately 0.4 mm, at least 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm, or a combination thereof.

[0225] In some embodiments, the center-to-center spacing(s) between two or more ROEs or DOEs in the array can be 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the center-to-center spacing(s) between two or more ROEs or DOEs in the ROE / DOE array can be at least 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the center-to-center spacing(s) between two or more ROEs or DOEs in the ROE / DOE array can be between 0.05 and 8 mm, between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, between 0.2 and 10 mm, between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, between 1 and 3 mm, between 2 and 5 mm; or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the center-to-center spacing(s) between two or more ROEs or DOEs in the ROE / DOE array can be about 0.2 mm, approximately 0.2 mm, at least 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, approximately 0.3 mm, at least 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, approximately 0.4 mm, at least 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm, or a combination thereof.

[0226] In some embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more microlenses in the array can be 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more microlenses in the microlens array can be at least 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more microlenses in the microlens array can be between 0 and 0.05 mm, between 0.05 and 8 mm, between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, between 0.2 and 10 mm, between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, between 1 and 3 mm, between 2 and 5 mm; or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more microlenses in a microlens array can be about 0.2 mm, approximately 0.2 mm, at least 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, approximately 0.3 mm, at least 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, approximately 0.4 mm, at least 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm, or a combination thereof.

[0227] In some embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more ROEs or DOEs in the array can be 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more ROEs or DOEs in the ROE / DOE array can be at least 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 mm, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more ROEs or DOEs in the ROE / DOE array can be between 0 and 0.05, between 0.05 and 8 mm, between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, between 0.2 and 10 mm, between 0.2 and 0.4 mm, between 1 and 3 mm, between 2 and 5 mm; or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the boundary-to-boundary spacing between two or more ROEs or DOEs in the ROE / DOE array can be about 0.2 mm, approximately 0.2 mm, at least 0.2 mm, 0.2 mm, about 0.3 mm, approximately 0.3 mm, at least 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm, about 0.4 mm, approximately 0.4 mm, at least 0.4 mm, 0.4 mm, or a combination thereof.

[0228] In some implementations, the shape of one or more of the microlenses or ROEs can be described by one or more of the following: spherical, non-spherical, extended odd polynomial, extended even polynomial, conical cross section, biconical cross section, complex surface, or Zernike polynomial.

[0229] In some other embodiments, the phase profile of one or more DOEs can be described by one or more of the following: a sphere, an aspherical surface, an extended odd polynomial, an extended even polynomial, a conical section, a biconical section, a complex surface, or a Zernike polynomial. The surfaces of one or more DOEs can be described as binary steps, 2-step, 4-step, 8-step, a kinoform, or a blazed grating.

[0230] In some other embodiments, DOEs, particularly diffractive microlens arrays, can be fabricated by constructing a continuous surface relief structure on a refractive spectacle lens using laser direct writing technology. Fermat's principle can be used to design, fabricate, and / or characterize diffractive optical elements, such as diffractive microlens arrays with a continuous deep surface relief structure, using parallel laser direct writing on a thin film that can be used in conjunction with conventional spectacle lenses. In some other embodiments, DOEs can be presented as strips on the spectacle lens instead of DOE arrays.

[0231] In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more microlenses may be at least 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000 mm or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more microlenses may be less than 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000 mm or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more microlenses may be between 300 and 500 mm, between 200 and 600 mm, between 100 and 2000 mm, between 250 and 600 mm, between 200 and 1000 mm or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more microlenses may be between 300 and 500 mm.

[0232] In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the ROE and / or DOE can be at least 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000 mm or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the ROE and / or DOE can be less than 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, 2000 mm or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the ROE and / or DOE can be between 300 and 500 mm, between 200 and 600 mm, between 100 and 2000 mm, between 250 and 600 mm, between 200 and 1000 mm; or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the focal length of one or more of the ROE and / or DOE can be between 300 and 500 mm.

[0233] In some embodiments, the radius of curvature (R1) of one or more microlenses or ROEs can be approximately 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 80, 100 mm or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature (R1) of one or more microlenses or ROEs can be less than 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 80, 100 mm or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the radius of curvature (R1) of one or more microlenses or ROEs can be between 0.1 and 1.5 mm, between 0.5 and 50 mm, between 0.5 and 3 mm, between 1 and 10 mm, between 0.5 and 4 mm, between 1 and 20 mm; or combinations thereof. In some implementations, the radius of curvature (R1) of one or more of the microlenses or ROEs may be about 1 mm, approximately 1 mm, about 0.5 mm, approximately 0.5 mm, about 1.5 mm, or approximately 1.5 mm.

[0234] In some embodiments, the refractive index of one or more of the microlenses or ROEs may be higher than the refractive index of the material substantially surrounding (or around) the microlens or ROE. This provides positive refractive power to the microlens or ROE; however, exemplary embodiments may exist that prefer negative refractive power, which can be achieved by selecting a microlens or ROE with a refractive index lower than the refractive index of the material substantially surrounding (or around) the microlens or ROE. In some embodiments, useful ranges for the refractive index of the microlens or ROE are between 1.3 and 1.7, between 1 and 1.7, and between 1 and 1.5.

[0235] In some embodiments where the microlens array is a multilayer array, the refractive index of the layer containing one or more microlenses can be higher than the refractive index of the layers in front of the layer containing the one or more microlenses. This can provide positive microlens refractive power; however, there may be exemplary embodiments requiring negative refractive power, which can be achieved by selecting a microlens layer with a refractive index lower than that of the layers in front of and / or behind the layer containing the one or more microlenses. In some embodiments, the preferred range of the refractive index of the microlens layer is between 1.3 and 1.7, between 1 and 2, and between 1 and 1.5.

[0236] In some embodiments where the ROE array is a multilayer array, the refractive index of the layer containing one or more ROEs can be higher than the refractive index of the layers in front of the layer containing one or more ROEs. This can provide positive ROE refractive power; however, there may be exemplary embodiments requiring negative refractive power, which can be achieved by selecting a refractive index of the ROE layer that is lower than the refractive index of the layers in front of and / or behind the layer containing one or more ROEs. In some embodiments, useful ranges for the refractive index of the ROE layer are between 1.3 and 1.7, between 1 and 2, and between 1 and 1.5.

[0237] In some embodiments, the smaller the difference in refractive index between one or more microlenses (or layers containing microlenses) compared to the region substantially surrounding the microlens (or the refractive index of layers in front of or behind layers containing one or more microlenses), the smaller the radius of curvature can be for the same (or substantially the same) focal length. This can be advantageous in terms of manufacturability and quality consistency. In some embodiments, it is envisioned that the difference between two refractive indices is approximately 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1.

[0238] In some embodiments, the smaller the difference in refractive index between one or more ROEs (or layers containing ROEs) compared to the refractive index of the region substantially surrounding the ROE (or the refractive index of layers before or after layers containing one or more ROEs), the smaller the radius of curvature can be for the same (or substantially the same) focal length. This can be advantageous in terms of manufacturability and quality consistency. In some embodiments, it is envisioned that the difference between two refractive indices is approximately 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1.

[0239] In some implementations, the layer may be omitted entirely or partially, and the microlens may be exposed to air with a refractive index of 1. This may have the advantage of simplifying manufacturing.

[0240] In some implementations, the layer may be omitted entirely or partially, and the ROE may be exposed to air with a refractive index of 1. This may offer the advantage of simplified manufacturing.

[0241] In some implementations, such as Figure 2 The optical variations shown provide additional parameters to facilitate ease of fabrication and consistent optical quality. Optical properties such as longitudinal chromatic aberration can also be optimized by having two radii of curvature and three refractive index variables.

[0242] In some embodiments, a pattern of microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs that is uniform across the entire spectacle lens can be more easily manufactured and achieved; however, a non-uniform arrangement of the microlens, ROE, or DOE array may be advantageous in terms of effectiveness and abrasion resistance. Non-uniformity can relate to the fill ratio of the microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs; the diameter of the microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs; the radius or focal length of the microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs; the refractive index of the microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs; or the spacing between the microlenses, ROEs, or DOEs; or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, a uniform arrangement of the microlens, DOE, or ROE array can relate to the fill ratio, the microlens / ROE / DOE diameter, radius or focal length, refractive index, or spacing, or combinations thereof.

[0243] In some embodiments, a substantial portion of the microlenses constituting the microlens array can be understood as at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 98% of the microlenses. In some embodiments, a substantial portion of the microlenses constituting the microlens array can be understood as 20 to 80%, 20 to 60%, 30 to 80%, 40 to 90%, 50 to 99%, 60 to 70%, 80 to 95%, 85 to 98%, or 60 to 80% of the microlenses.

[0244] In some embodiments, a substantial portion of the ROE or DOE constituting an ROE or DOE array can be understood as at least 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or 98% of the ROE or DOE. In some embodiments, a substantial portion of the ROE or DOE constituting an ROE or DOE array can be understood as 20 to 80%, 20 to 60%, 30 to 80%, 40 to 90%, 50 to 99%, 60 to 70%, 80 to 95%, 85 to 98%, or 60 to 80% of the ROE and DOE.

[0245] In some embodiments, microlenses, ROEs, or DOE arrays are positioned, formed, placed, or combined thereof on the anterior surface, posterior surface, embedded in the lens matrix, or in a location where such a combination may be made. In some other embodiments, microlenses, ROEs, or DOE arrays are positioned, formed, placed, or combined thereof on one of the two surfaces of an ophthalmic lens, while the other surface may have additional features for further reducing eye development, including, but not limited to, reducing peripheral hyperopic astigmatism, inducing myopic astigmatism, reducing accommodative hysteresis, or a combination thereof. In some other embodiments, microlenses, ROEs, or DOE arrays are positioned, formed, placed, or combined on one of the two surfaces of an ophthalmic lens, while the other surface has relative hyperopia incorporated into the surface profile to further reduce eye development.

[0246] In some embodiments, the microlens, ROE, or DOE array is positioned, formed, placed, or a combination thereof on the front surface, rear surface, embedded in the lens matrix, or in a location thereof. In other embodiments, the microlens, ROE, or DOE array is positioned in certain regions of the front or rear surface or embedded in the lens matrix, while other regions of the front or rear surface or the lens matrix are dedicated to producing the feature of myopic defocus.

[0247] Example Example 1: Three layer microlens array Figure 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a multilayer microlens array in a side view not drawn to scale. Layer L1 is a transparent foil serving as the substrate for the microlens array. The foil is a plastic polymer, however, other suitable materials may be used. In this embodiment, layer L2 contains a plurality of microlenses, which are shown in Figure 1 in a side view as small surface heights 5 on the surface of layer L2. In this embodiment, the diameter (d) or 11 for each microlens is approximately 0.1 mm. The focal path of light entering the microlens array is illustrated in Figure 1 as 12. The material used in layer L2 is another plastic polymer, however, other suitable materials may be used. In this embodiment, the fill ratio in layer L2 is approximately 10%. Layer L3 is a protective layer covering layer L2. The material used in layer L3 is a plastic adhesive, however, other suitable materials may be used. Layer L4 in Figure 1 is the air positioned above the microlens array. An optional transparent adhesive 6 is also shown in Figure 1, which can be used to adhere the microlens array to another surface, such as the surface of an eyeglass lens.

[0248] In this embodiment, the spacing (s) or 8 between the microlenses is approximately 0.3 mm, and is the distance between the individual microlenses measured from the center of each microlens. Focal length fOr 7 is between 300 and 500 mm. For each microlens in this embodiment, the radius of curvature (R1) or 10 is approximately 1 mm.

[0249] In this embodiment, the refractive index of L2 is higher than that of L3. In this embodiment, the refractive index of L2 is between 1.3 and 1.7.

[0250] Example 2: Three layer microlens array Figure 2 An exemplary embodiment of a multilayer microlens array is shown in a side view. In this embodiment, microlenses are found on the surfaces of two separate layers in the microlens array. 13 The layer is a transparent foil that serves as the substrate for the microlens array, and it also contains a portion of the microlens 18, which in this embodiment... Figure 2 The small surface height is 18 as shown in the side view. The foil is a plastic adhesive. In this embodiment, L 14 The layer contains a plurality of microlenses 17 concentric with microlenses 18, wherein the microlenses 17 are in Figure 2 The middle section is shown as layer L in the side view. 14 Small bumps 17 on the surface. In this embodiment, for each microlens, the diameter (d) or 19 is approximately 0.1 mm. The focal path of light entering the microlens array is... Figure 2 China and Israel 20 demonstration. L 14 The material used in the layer is a plastic polymer; however, other suitable materials can also be used. In this embodiment, L 14 The fill ratio in the layer is approximately 10%. 15 The layer is a cover L 14 A protective layer. L 15 The material used in the layer is another type of plastic adhesive. Figure 2 L in 16 The layer is the air located above the array of tiny lenses. Figure 2 The diagram also shows an optional transparent adhesive 21, which can be used to attach the microlens array to another surface, such as the surface of an eyeglass lens.

[0251] In this embodiment, the spacing (s) or 22 is approximately 0.3 mm, and is the distance between the individual microlenses measured from the center of each microlens. Focal length f Or 22 is between 300 and 500 mm. In this microlens array, there are two radii of curvature, R1(R1) and R2(R2). R1 ​​or 23 is layer L. 13 The radius of curvature in the layer, and approximately 1.1 mm for each microlens in this embodiment. R2 or 24 is layer L. 14The radius of curvature in the image, and approximately 1 mm for each microlens in this layer in this embodiment. In this embodiment, L 13 The refractive index value is higher than L 14 And L 14 The refractive index value is higher than L 15 This configuration is less sensitive to small changes in refractive index or radius of curvature, thus allowing for easier manufacturing while still providing a precise focal length for the small lens.

[0252] Example 3: Two layer microlens array Figures 3A to 3E A non-limiting exemplary embodiment of a microlens array relative to an eyeglass lens system is depicted in a side view. Many other suitable implementations of using microlenses on eyeglass lenses exist. Figures 3A to 3E The details are not shown, but will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The geometry of a microlens can depend on many factors, including, but not limited to, the refractive index, diameter, radius of curvature of the substrate, the effective focal length of the individual microlenses, the spacing between the microlenses, or a combination thereof.

[0253] Figure 3A A spectacle lens system is described, in which convex microlenses are directly molded into the spectacle lens, either on the front surface or the rear surface. Figure 3A A microlens 26 is depicted molded onto the front of the spectacle lens 25. The area closer to the eye is 27, while the area on the outer edge of the spectacle lens is 28. Figure 3A The microlenses molded onto the rear surface of the spectacle lens are not shown in the image; however, such a design is envisioned in this disclosure.

[0254] Figure 3B A spectacle lens system is described, wherein a convex microlens 31 is directly molded into a spectacle lens 32, serving as a double lens between two lens halves (or portions) 29 and 30. In this embodiment, the two halves (or portions) 29 and 30 have different refractive indices. Figure 3B A microlens 31 is depicted on the front part of the lens half (or part) 29 of the spectacle lens 32.

[0255] Figure 3CA spectacle lens system is depicted in a side view, wherein spectacle lens 35 has concave dips molded or machined on the front surface of spectacle lens 35 before the addition of material forming microlenses. To manufacture spectacle lens 32, the concave dips are filled with a material having a refractive index different from that of the spectacle lens material to form microlenses 33. This disclosure also envisions a spectacle lens in which convex dips are molded or machined on the rear surface of the spectacle lens, and these convex dips are filled with a material having a refractive index different from that of the spectacle lens material to form microlenses. This embodiment is not described in detail. Figure 3C As shown in the diagram. This disclosure also envisions an eyeglass lens in which a concave recess is molded or machined on the front surface of the lens, and a convex recess is molded or machined on the rear surface of the lens. Material is used to fill the recesses on both sides of the eyeglass lens to create microlenses and eyeglass lenses. The materials used to fill the recesses can have substantially the same refractive index or different refractive indices. However, the refractive index of one or more materials used to fill the recesses will generally be different from the refractive index of the eyeglass lens material. This embodiment is not described in detail. Figure 3C As shown in the figure. Depressions can be formed using many suitable techniques, such as molding, photochemical processes, embossing, electro-discharge fabrication, or combinations thereof.

[0256] Figure 3D A spectacle lens system is depicted in which convex microlenses 36 are printed onto spectacle lenses 37 to form spectacle lenses 38 on the front or rear surface. Figure 3D A microlens 36 is depicted printed on the front part of the spectacle lens 37. A microlens printed on the rear surface of the spectacle lens is not shown. Figure 3D As shown in the diagram, however, such a design is envisioned in this disclosure. The microlenses printed on the rear and front surfaces of the spectacle lens are not... Figure 3D As shown in the diagram, however, this design is envisioned in this disclosure. The printed microlenses would have a different refractive index than the spectacle lens 37.

[0257] Figure 3E A spectacle lens system is described in which a concave microlens portion 39 is formed in a spectacle lens 40 using thermal and / or chemical processes to locally alter the refractive index of the microlens portion 39 in the blank 40, thereby forming a spectacle lens 41 on a front or rear surface. This process creates a locally graded refractive index lens to focus light. Figure 3E A microlens 39 is depicted, which is formed by changing the refractive index of a portion of the spectacle lens 40 in the front part of the spectacle lens 40 to form the spectacle lens 41. Figure 3EThe convex microlens portion formed in the rear portion of the spectacle lens is not shown in the diagram; however, such a design is contemplated in this disclosure. This disclosure also contemplates a spectacle lens in which a concave microlens portion is formed in the front portion of the lens, and a convex microlens portion is formed in the rear portion of the lens. The concave and convex microlens portions are formed such that they have substantially the same or different refractive indices; however, the refractive indices of the formed concave and convex microlens portions will generally differ from the refractive indices of other areas of the spectacle lens that are not affected by thermal and / or chemical processes. This embodiment is not described in detail. Figure 3E As shown in the image.

[0258] Example 4: Use of microlens array in spectacle lenses in a model eye of myopia The following exemplary embodiments relate to a method of modifying incident light using a spectacle lens system that provides conflicting color cues at the retinal plane of the corrected eye. This can be achieved by using a microlens array system in conjunction with spectacle lenses for myopia correction. In short, by introducing conflicting color cues / signals at the retinal level, a microlens array in conjunction with spectacle lenses can be used to reduce the rate of myopia progression. In some embodiments, the rate of myopia progression can be reduced by introducing a spectrally and / or spatially varying (as a stop signal) focusing pattern onto the retina of the wearer's eye using a microlens array in conjunction with spectacle lenses.

[0259] Introduction: Photoreceptors contain chemicals that react when exposed to light. This results in an electrical signal, which is then transmitted to the brain along the optic nerve. Different types of photoreceptors allow us to see a wide variety of light intensities: from twinkling stars to bright sunlight, and of course, the colors of a rainbow. There are two basic types of photoreceptors in the human retina: rods and cones. Rods aid in visual detection because they are most sensitive to changes in light and dark, shape / morphology, and movement. They contain only one type of photosensitive pigment. There are approximately 120 million rods in the human retina. Cones, on the other hand, aid in color vision and visual resolution. There are approximately 6 million cones in the human retina. Human retinal cones can be further classified into three types, at least in part, based on their sensitivity to the wavelength of incident light: namely, S-cones (sensitive to short wavelengths), M-cones (sensitive to medium wavelengths), and L-cones (sensitive to long wavelengths). S, M, and L cones have peak sensitivities at approximately 444 nm, 535 nm, and 565 nm, respectively, as illustrated in Figure 18. The group of S-cones in the human retina constitutes approximately 5-10% of the total number of cones. The remaining 90-95% of cones are M or L type. L-cones are approximately 2 to 3 times larger than M-cones. S-cones differ from L and M cones. The sensitivity curve of S-cones (peaking at approximately 430-435 nm) differs from that of M and L cones. The sensitivity curves of M and L-type cones are very similar (in other words, they overlap over a wide visible wavelength range), with their peaks approximately 530 to 535 nm and approximately 555 to 560 nm, respectively. For modeling purposes, a wavelength of 555 nm is typically used to derive the eye's refractive state, as this falls at the intersection of the L and M cone sensitivity curves. The geographical distribution of rods and cones on the retina is known. Rods are concentrated in the peripheral retina, while cones are densely distributed in the macula. S-cones are generally absent in the fovea. The peripheral retina is relatively cone-free, while the macula is typically completely rod-free.

[0260] In a monochrome world ( Figure 4 An emmetropic eye with equal (or substantially equal) magnitudes of positive or negative defocus produces myopic defocus 42 and hyperopic defocus 43 on the retina, respectively. In both cases, the intensity of the blur produced at retina 44 is substantially indistinguishable from each other, provided the emmetropic eye under consideration has no other higher-order perturbations or aberrations. In other words, if the blur on retina 44 is caused by myopic defocus 42 (solid line) or hyperopic defocus 43 (dashed line), the eye cannot decode it. However, the real world is inherently multicolored, and the wavelength range of visible light that we typically perceive is from 420 nm to 700 nm.

[0261] Let's assume that human emmetropia is defined as any wavelength (e.g., 555 nm), which lies roughly halfway down the visible spectrum (420 nm to 700 nm). The same eye will be relatively more farsighted for longer wavelengths (e.g., 610 nm) and more nearsighted for intermediate wavelengths (e.g., 510 nm). An example of arbitrary wavelengths representing intermediate and long wavelengths (510 nm and 610 nm) is 75% of the peak sensitivity of the intermediate and long wavelength cones. Recent research supports the argument that the eye system uses color signals from longitudinal chromatic aberration to decode defocused symbols to guide the emmetropization process.

[0262] In a multicolored world, when an emmetropic eye is subjected to equal (or substantially equal) magnitudes of positive or negative defocus, it produces different scenes. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the incident optical signal is multicolored, thus the output pattern produces two color cones A (45) and B (46). In each cone A (45) or B (46) of this embodiment, the focal points of the short, medium, and long incident wavelengths are respectively at A. b (45B), A g (45G) and A r At (45R); and at B b (46B), B g (46G) and B r Formed at (46R). These multiple focal points act as additional cues for the visual system. Now, although the blur on retinal C (47) is caused by myopic and hyperopic astigmatism, A g (45G) and B g (46G) are not different from each other (or are essentially the same). This is achieved by taking into account A... r (45R) and B r (46R) Combined with focus A b (45B) and B b (46B) provides color signals that the eye can decode the symbols of defocus (i.e., distinguish between myopic and hyperopic defocus). Variants of visual cones that are sensitive to different wavelengths facilitate this process.

[0263] Some embodiments of this disclosure relate to apparatus, methods, and / or systems that utilize the detection of color cues and generate conflicting signals at the retinal level, which in turn can help facilitate a reduction in the rate of change in eye development during progressive myopia. Some embodiments of this disclosure relate to apparatus, methods, and / or systems that introduce conflicting optical signals at the retinal level to adjacent M-cones, which play a key role in controlling myopic eye development. Some other embodiments of this disclosure relate to apparatus, methods, and / or systems that introduce conflicting optical signals at the retinal level to adjacent L-cones, which provide cues for guiding the direction of eye development. Some other embodiments of this disclosure relate to apparatus, methods, and / or systems that modify longitudinal chromatic aberration within a wavelength range corresponding to the approximate peak sensitivity of the M and L-cones on the wearer's retina. Some embodiments relate to apparatus and / or systems that utilize spectrally and / or spatially varying focusing patterns on the retina of the wearer's eye (to serve as a stop signal for progressive myopia).

[0264] Description of the model eye used for the simulations: Table 1 below provides prescription parameters for an eye model used to simulate the results of this exemplary implementation. These parameter values ​​provide a -2 diopter D myopia eye defined as a monochromatic wavelength of 555 nm.

[0265]

[0266] Table 1: Parameter values ​​of the eye in the -2D myopia model. The parameter values ​​described in Table 1 are by no means required to demonstrate the described effects. This is merely one of many models that can be used for simulation purposes. For example, in other exemplary embodiments, model eyes such as those of Liou-Brennan, Escudero-Navarro, and Atchison could be used instead of the aforementioned model eyes. We can also change the parameters of the cornea, lens, retina, ocular stroma, or combinations thereof to aid in the simulation.

[0267] Results of the model eye simulations Figure 6A This is a schematic diagram representing an uncorrected 2 diopters myopic model eye. The incident monochromatic (555 nm) light has zero diopters of convergence. Figure 6B Depicting Figure 6A Analysis of the on-axis geometric point plot at the retinal plane of the model described in the paper. Figure 6BAs can be seen, the on-axis geometric ray and point analysis (48) of the uncorrected -2 ​​diopter myopia model eye shows that the retinal surface undergoes myopic blurring. This myopic blurring can be corrected by using a single-vision spectacle lens. For simulation purposes, spectacle lenses with the parameters described in Table 2 were used to correct the uncorrected -2 ​​diopter myopia model eye. Figure 7 A two-dimensional refractive power distribution map of a single-vision spectacle is shown, indicating that the refractive power distribution is uniform (or substantially uniform) within the normalized coordinate range and has a refractive power of approximately -2 diopters. This is illustrated in a model eye correcting -2 diopters of myopia using spectacle lenses. Figure 8A After that, recalculate the geometry and point analysis. Figure 8B As indicated, for monochromatic light (555 nm), geometric blur (and) Figure 8B The size has been reduced to a small dot (49), comparable in size to the Airy Disk. However, as Figure 9 and Figure 10A , Figure 10B and Figure 10C As shown, when a myopic model eye is fitted with a single-vision spectacle lens system, the retina experiences hyperopic blurring when it encounters another wavelength (corresponding to 610 nm for some L-cones). While not wishing to be bound by a particular theory, the basic hypothesis of this embodiment (and some embodiments) assumes that detecting hyperopic blurring of L-cones caused by corrective techniques (in this embodiment, single-vision correction) can trigger developmental signals, thereby leading to myopia progression. Figure 10F This is a schematic diagram illustrating single myopia (Rx = -2D) corrected with a single-vision lens (Rx = -2D). The incident polychromatic light is focused at the level of the retina. Figure 10F The magnified portion shows the specific focal points corresponding to the light wavelengths of the S, M, and L cones.

[0268] As an alternative method for correcting an exemplary -2 diopter myopia model eye, this exemplary embodiment describes the use of a microlens array combined with a single-vision spectacle lens. Figure 11A and Figure 11B ). Figure 11A The refractive power distribution of a -2 diopter spectacle lens with an embedded microlens array is depicted. Figure 11A The field coordinates of the exemplary refractive power distribution maps are normalized, and they represent a -2 diopter refractive power distribution over a 5 mm region diameter. Figure 11B A diaphragmatic profile of a -2 diopter spectacle lens with an embedded microlens array is depicted. Figure 11B The field coordinates of the exemplary sag profiles are not normalized, and they represent a two-dimensional sag distribution over a 20 mm region diameter.

[0269] Table 2 provides the parameters for the microlens array used in the simulation. It can be seen that, similar to the single-light test case, the geometric blur is comparable to the Airy disk for a monochromatic wavelength of 555 nm. However, for the 610 nm test case, unlike the single-light lens test case, the microlens array produces two different types of blur (…). Figure 12A , Figure 12B and Figure 12C Although most of the blurriness remains farsighted, there are areas on the retina where light focuses. This situation generates conflicting signals with the L-cones, some of which detect farsighted defocus, while others in the same retinal area experience a focused image. This example illustrates how the eye system selectively prefers the focused image when this correction of conflicting signals to the retina is implemented. Consequently, it slows down the rate of eye development and / or myopia progression.

[0270]

[0271] Table 2: Parameter values ​​of microlens arrays used in combination with spectacle lenses The simulated microlens array consists of two layers: a base layer and the front surface of the spectacle lens itself. Actual microlenses are designed on the front surface of the spectacle lens by varying the sagittal depth to create undulations. In this embodiment, the radius of curvature of each microlens is kept at 160 mm; however, other variations are contemplated in this disclosure. In this example, all microlenses are essentially circular, and their diameters are each chosen to be 200 μm; however, other variations are contemplated in this disclosure. The total number of microlenses designed on a 20 mm spectacle blank is a 100 x 100 grid array; however, other variations are contemplated in this disclosure. The spacing between any two microlenses is approximately 800 μm; however, other variations are contemplated in this disclosure. To obtain... Figure 11A The refractive power distribution diagram shown uses a substrate material with a refractive index of 1.52, the same as that of the spectacle lens material. However, other variations of the refractive index are envisioned in this disclosure.

[0272] Example 4b: Use of a DOE array in combination with a spectacle lens for myopia Figure 12DThis is an alternative method for correcting an exemplary -2 diopter myopia model eye. This exemplary embodiment describes the use of an optical film, which forms a DOE array, coated onto the anterior surface of a single-vision (-2D) spectacle lens to correct an exemplary -2 diopter myopia model eye. The example highlights two adjacent regions of the retina where incident polychromatic parallel beams of light are focused. The focal points corresponding to the wavelengths of the S, M, and L cones are highlighted at two different but adjacent retinal points (21, 22, and 23) and (31, 32, and 33). From the two magnified views at the adjacent retinal points, it can be seen that some L cones (33) experience a focused image, while some other L cones in adjacent retinal regions (33) experience a hyperopic signal. This situation is referred to as conflicting, opposing, and / or inconsistent optical signals at the L cone receptor level. While not wishing to be bound by a particular theory, the basic assumption of this embodiment (and some embodiments) is that conflicting, opposing, or inconsistent optical signals between adjacent L cones can trigger a stopping signal, resulting in a reduced rate of myopia progression.

[0273] The simulated DOE array consists of two layers: a coating layer bonded to the front surface of the spectacle lens and a base (DOE) layer. However, other variations including three, four, or five layers are contemplated in this disclosure. In Example 4b, all DOEs are essentially circular; however, other variations are contemplated in this disclosure. In some other embodiments ( Figures 31 to 35 The concept of DOE and ROE stripes was envisioned, which aimed to introduce conflicting optical signals at the retinal level, particularly at the M and / or L cone receptors.

[0274] Example 5: Complete grid microlens or ROE array Figure 13AA front view of an apparatus having a complete grid of microlenses or ROEs 60, which can be used as a cover on or incorporated into a spectacle lens, is depicted according to certain embodiments. The grid of the array substantially fills the microlenses or ROEs 61. As shown in 62 and 63, the eyeglasses of the embodiment are mounted on the wearer's pupil. As disclosed herein, the physical dimensions and optical properties of the microlenses or ROEs can vary. In this embodiment, as disclosed elsewhere in this specification, each microlens or ROE can have a diameter of 50 to 500 μm and a focal length of 250 to 4000 mm. In this embodiment, the diameter of each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal length of each microlens or ROE (or a substantial portion of a microlens or ROE) is the same or substantially the same. However, variations in the width and / or focal length of the microlenses or ROEs within the array are contemplated in this disclosure. In this exemplary embodiment, the fill ratio refers to the proportion of the area covered by the microlenses or ROEs according to the following equation: , Where d 2 is the square of the diameter of a single microlens or ROE 70, and s is the distance between adjacent single microlenses or ROEs 71 and 72, measured from the center of each microlens or ROE. The generalized fill ratio of a microlens or ROE can be calculated using the following equation.

[0275]

[0276] Example 5b: Complete grid DOE array Figure 13B A front view of an apparatus having a complete grid DOE array 60, which can be used as a cover on or incorporated into spectacle lenses, is depicted according to certain embodiments. The grid of the array substantially fills the DOEs 61. As shown in 63, the glasses of the embodiment are mounted on the wearer's pupil. The physical dimensions and optical properties of the DOEs can vary as disclosed herein. In this embodiment, the diameter of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal length of each DOE is the same or substantially the same. However, variations in the width and / or focal length of the DOEs within the array are contemplated in this disclosure. The fill ratio of such a DOE array is derived from the equation in Embodiment 5. One of the DOEs is enlarged to enhance the appearance of the diffraction groove features.

[0277] Example 6: Microlens or ROE array with central portion as region free of microlenses or ROEs Figure 14A , Figure 14B and Figure 14CA front view of a device with a microlens or ROE array 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the central portion of the device has no or substantially no microlenses or ROEs. Figure 14A An apparatus is described in which the circular central portion of the apparatus has no or substantially no microlenses or ROE. Figure 14A The central circular opening shown (excluding the area excluding the microlens or ROE) can have a diameter of 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm. In some embodiments, the central portion can be understood as the part of the device centered on or substantially centered on the pupil of the eye shown in 62 and 63. In some embodiments, the central portion can be understood as the part of the device centered on or substantially centered on the primary line of sight of the eye.

[0278] Figure 14B An apparatus is described in which the horizontal central portion of the apparatus has no or substantially no microlenses or ROEs. The non-circular opening in this embodiment has a wider area free of microlenses or ROEs in the horizontal dimension. Figure 14B The diameter of the horizontal opening shown (excluding the area without the small lens or ROE) can be 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm.

[0279] Figure 14C An apparatus is described in which the vertical central portion of the apparatus has no or substantially no microlenses or ROEs. The non-circular opening in this embodiment has a wider area without microlenses or ROEs in the vertical dimension. Figure 14C The diameter of the vertical opening shown (excluding the area of ​​the microlens) can be 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm.

[0280] These microlens or ROE arrays in this embodiment can be used as covers on or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. The array embodiment is filled with microlenses or ROEs 61. As disclosed herein, the physical dimensions and optical properties of the microlenses or ROEs can vary. In these embodiments, as disclosed in this specification, each microlens or ROE (or a significant portion thereof) can have a width ranging from 25 to 250 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, each microlens or ROE (or a major portion thereof) has the same or substantially the same diameter. In this embodiment, the focal length of each microlens or ROE (or a significant portion thereof) is the same or substantially the same. However, variations in the width and / or focal length of the microlenses or ROEs within the array are contemplated in this disclosure.

[0281] Example 6a: DOE array with central portion as region free of DOEs Figure 14D , Figure 14E and Figure 14F A front view of an apparatus with a DOE array 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the central portion of the apparatus has no or substantially no DOE. Figure 14D An apparatus is described in which the circular central portion of the apparatus has no or substantially no DOE. Figure 14D The diameter of the central circular opening (excluding the area of ​​the DOE) shown can be 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm. In some embodiments, the central portion can be understood as the part of the device centered on or substantially centered on the pupil of the eye shown in 62 and 63. In some embodiments, the central portion can be understood as the part of the device centered on or substantially centered on the main line of sight of the eye.

[0282] Figure 14E An apparatus is described in which the horizontal central portion of the apparatus has no or substantially no DOE (Depth of Excess). The non-circular opening in this embodiment has a wider DOE-free area in the horizontal dimension. Figure 14E The diameter of the horizontal opening shown (excluding the DOE area) can be 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm.

[0283] Figure 14F An apparatus is described in which the vertical central portion of the apparatus has no or substantially no DOE (Depth of Expansion). The non-circular opening in this embodiment has a wider microlens or DOE-free region in the vertical dimension. Figure 14F The diameter of the vertical opening shown (excluding the DOE area) can be 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm.

[0284] These DOE arrays in this embodiment can be used as covers on spectacle lenses or incorporated into spectacle lenses. The array embodiments are filled with DOE 61. The physical dimensions and optical properties of the DOEs can vary as disclosed herein. In these embodiments, as disclosed in this specification, each DOE can have a width ranging from 25 to 500 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, each DOE has the same or substantially the same diameter. In this embodiment, each DOE has the same or substantially the same focal length. However, variations in the width and / or focal length of the DOEs within the array are contemplated in this disclosure.

[0285] Example 7: Non-uniform microlens or ROE array Figure 15A and Figure 15B A front view of a device with a microlens or ROE array 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the central and peripheral portions of the device are filled with microlenses or ROEs of different diameters. Figure 15A An apparatus is described in which a microlens or ROE in the central apparatus region is smaller in diameter than a microlens or ROE in the peripheral region of the apparatus. Figure 15B The device features lenses, wherein the microlens or ROE in the central device region is larger in diameter than the microlens or ROE in the peripheral device region. The smaller microlens or ROE 64 can have a diameter of 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 μm. The larger microlens or ROE 61 can have a diameter of 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, or 250 μm. The device portion that can be filled with the smaller microlens or ROE can be a square or diameter of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 mm. The device portion that can be filled with the larger microlens or ROE can be a square or diameter of 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 18 mm. The ratio of the diameter of the larger microlens or ROE to that of the smaller microlens can be in the range of 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, or 2.5.

[0286] These microlens or ROE arrays in this embodiment can be used as covers on or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. Array embodiments are filled with microlenses or ROEs 61 having a first diameter and microlenses or ROEs 64 having a second diameter. Some microlens or ROE arrays are not shown in the figures of this embodiment, but are contemplated from this disclosure, wherein the array is filled with at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 microlenses or ROEs of different diameters. As disclosed herein, the physical dimensions and optical properties of the microlenses or ROEs can vary. In these embodiments, as disclosed in this specification, each microlens or ROE (or a significant portion thereof) can have a width ranging from 50 to 250 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, the diameters of each microlens or ROE (or a significant portion thereof) are the same or substantially the same. In this embodiment, the focal lengths of each microlens or ROE (or a significant portion thereof) are the same or substantially the same. However, this disclosure envisions variations in the width and / or focal length of the microlenses or ROEs within the array.

[0287] Example 7b: Non-uniform DOE array Figure 15C and Figure 15DA front view of an apparatus having a DOE array 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the central and peripheral portions of the apparatus are filled with DOEs of different diameters. Figure 15A An apparatus is described in which the DOE in the central apparatus region is smaller in diameter than the DOE in the peripheral region of the apparatus. Figure 15B The apparatus lens is depicted, wherein the DOE in the central apparatus region is larger in diameter than the DOE in the peripheral apparatus region. The diameter of the smaller DOE 64 can be 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, or 100 μm. The diameter of the larger DOE 61 can be 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, 230, 240, or 250 μm. The apparatus portion that can be filled with the smaller diameter DOE can be a square or diameter of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 mm. The apparatus portion that can be filled with the larger diameter DOE can be a square or diameter of 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, or 18 mm. The diameter ratio of the larger DOE to the smaller DOE can be in the range of 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, or 2.5.

[0288] These DOE arrays in this embodiment can be used as covers on or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. The array embodiment is filled with DOE 61 having a first diameter and DOE 64 having a second diameter. Some DOEs are not shown in the figures of this embodiment, but are contemplated by this disclosure, wherein the array is filled with at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 DOEs of different diameters. The physical dimensions and optical properties of the DOEs can vary as disclosed herein. In these embodiments, as disclosed in this specification, each DOE can have a width ranging from 50 to 500 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, each DOE has the same or substantially the same diameter. In this embodiment, each DOE has the same or substantially the same focal length. However, variations in the width and / or focal length of the DOEs within the array are contemplated by this disclosure.

[0289] Example 8: A microlens or ROE array where the peripheral portion is used as a region without microlenses or ROEs. Figure 16AA front view of a device with a microlens or ROE array 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the peripheral portion of the device has no or substantially no microlenses or ROEs. The microlens or ROE array is present in a central region 63, which may have a diameter of 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm if circular. Other non-circular regions of similar size are also contemplated. In some embodiments, the central portion may be understood as the portion of the device centered on or substantially centered on the pupils of eyes 62 and 63. In some embodiments, the central portion may be understood as the portion of the device centered on or substantially centered on the primary line of sight of eyes 62 and 63.

[0290] These microlens or ROE arrays in this embodiment can be used as covers on or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. The array embodiment is filled with microlenses or ROEs 68. As disclosed herein, the physical dimensions and optical properties of the microlenses or ROEs can vary. In these embodiments, as disclosed herein, each microlens or ROE (or a significant portion thereof) can have a width ranging from 25 to 500 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, each microlens or ROE (or a significant portion thereof) has the same or substantially the same diameter. In this embodiment, the focal length of each microlens or ROE (or a significant portion thereof) is the same or substantially the same. However, variations in the width and / or focal length of the microlenses or ROEs within the array are contemplated in this disclosure.

[0291] Example 8b: DOE array with the peripheral portion as a region without DOE Figure 16B A front view of a device with a DOE array 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the peripheral portion of the device has no or substantially no DOE. The DOE array is present in a central region 63, which may have a diameter of 3 to 15 mm, 3 to 10 mm, 5 to 12 mm, or 7 to 15 mm if circular. Other non-circular regions of similar size are also contemplated. In some embodiments, the central portion may be understood as the portion of the device centered on or substantially centered on the pupils of eyes 62 and 63. In some embodiments, the central portion may be understood as the portion of the device centered on or substantially centered on the primary line of sight of eyes 62 and 63.

[0292] These DOE arrays in this embodiment can be used as a cover on or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. The array embodiment is filled with DOE 68. The physical dimensions and optical properties of the DOEs can vary as disclosed herein. In these embodiments, as disclosed in this specification, each DOE can have a width ranging from 25 to 500 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, each DOE has the same or substantially the same diameter. In this embodiment, each DOE has the same or substantially the same focal length. However, variations in the width and / or focal length of the DOEs within the array are contemplated in this disclosure. One of the DOEs may be enlarged to enhance the appearance of the diffraction groove features.

[0293] Example 9: Microlens or ROE array with microlenses or ROEs filled along different meridians Figure 17A , Figure 17B and Figure 17C A front view of an apparatus having a microlens or ROE array 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the microlenses or ROEs are filled or arranged along certain meridian regions while other parts of the array have no or substantially no microlenses or ROEs. Figure 17A An apparatus is described in which microlenses or ROEs 61 are arranged in a horizontal meridian region while other parts of the array have no microlenses or ROEs or substantially no microlenses or ROEs. The horizontal meridian region where the microlenses or ROEs are located can occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the array. The ratio between the total surface area of ​​the meridian region and the total surface area without or substantially without microlenses or ROEs can be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5.

[0294] Figure 17B An apparatus is described in which a microlens or ROE 61 is arranged in a vertical meridional region while the rest of the array has no microlens or ROE. The vertical meridional region where the microlens or ROE is located may occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the array. The ratio between the total surface area of ​​the meridional region and the total surface area without or with substantially no microlens or ROE may be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5.

[0295] Figure 17C An apparatus is described in which microlenses or ROEs 61 are arranged on an inclined meridional region while the rest of the array has no microlenses or ROEs or substantially no microlenses or ROEs. The inclined meridional region where the microlenses or ROEs are located can occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the array. The ratio between the total surface area of ​​the meridional region and the total surface area without or substantially without microlenses or ROEs can be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5. Other inclined meridional regions...Figure 17C Not shown, but these are contemplated in this disclosure. These microlens or ROE arrays in this embodiment can be used as covers on or incorporated into eyeglass lenses. Array embodiments are filled with microlenses or ROEs 61. As disclosed herein, the physical dimensions and optical properties of the microlenses or ROEs can vary. In these embodiments, as disclosed herein, each microlens or ROE (or a significant portion thereof) can have a width ranging from 50 to 250 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, each microlens or ROE (or a significant portion thereof) has the same or substantially the same diameter. In this embodiment, each microlens or ROE (or a significant portion thereof) has the same or substantially the same focal length. However, variations in the width and / or focal length of the microlenses or ROEs within the array are contemplated in this disclosure.

[0296] Example 9A: DOE array with DOEs filled along different meridians Figures 17D to 17F A front view of an apparatus with DOE 60 according to certain embodiments is depicted, wherein the DOE is filled or arranged along certain meridian regions, while other parts of the array have no or substantially no DOE. Figure 17D An apparatus is described in which a DOE 61 is arranged in a horizontal meridian region, while the rest of the array has no or substantially no DOEs. The horizontal meridian region where the DOEs are located may occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the array. The ratio between the total surface area of ​​the meridian region and the total surface area without or substantially without DOEs may be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5.

[0297] Figure 17E An apparatus is described in which a DOE 61 is arranged in a vertical meridian region, while the rest of the array has no or substantially no DOEs. The vertical meridian region where the DOEs are located may occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the array. The ratio between the total surface area of ​​the meridian region and the total surface area without or substantially without DOEs may be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5.

[0298] Figure 17F An apparatus is described in which DOE 61 is arranged on an inclined meridian region, while the rest of the array has no or substantially no DOE. The inclined meridian region where the DOE is located can occupy at least 10% of the total surface area of ​​the array. The ratio between the total surface area of ​​the meridian region and the total surface area without or substantially without DOE can be in the range of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.5. Other inclined meridians are... Figure 17FNot shown, but these are contemplated in this disclosure. These DOE arrays in this embodiment can be used as covers on or incorporated into spectacle lenses. The array embodiment is filled with DOE 61. The physical dimensions and optical properties of the DOEs can vary as disclosed herein. In these embodiments, as disclosed in this specification, each DOE can have a width ranging from 50 to 500 μm and a focal length ranging from 250 to 4000 mm. In these embodiments, each DOE has the same or substantially the same diameter. In this embodiment, each DOE has the same or substantially the same focal length. However, variations in the width and / or focal length of the DOEs within the array are contemplated in this disclosure. One of the DOEs is enlarged to enhance the appearance of the diffraction groove features.

[0299] Example 10: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 5) This exemplary implementation describes the use of an ROE array (similar to Embodiment 5) in conjunction with a single-vision spectacle lens. Figure 19A A two-dimensional diagram depicting the refractive power distribution of a -2 diopter spectacle lens incorporating an ROE array is presented. Figure 19B A magnified view of the two-dimensional refractive power distribution was depicted to enhance the appearance of the ROE. Figure 19A and 19B The field coordinates of the demonstrated refractive power distribution maps were normalized, and they represent spherical refractive power distributions over 5 mm and 1 mm diameter regions, respectively. In this embodiment, the refractive power of each individual ROE is +1.00 D (i.e., a focal length of 1000 mm). To compare geometric blur, the dominant wavelength was set to 555 nm (representing the mid-wavelength cone in this test case), and the secondary wavelength was set to 610 nm, which corresponds to approximately 75% of the peak sensitivity of the long-wavelength cone. Parameters for the spectacle lens with the embedded ROE array used for simulation are provided in Table 3.

[0300]

[0301] Table 3: Parameter values ​​of the ROE array used in combination with eyeglass lenses Figure 19C and 19D The geometric blur circles are shown in the simulation of on-axis and off-axis (5° viewing angle) optical performance at a working wavelength of 555 nm. Figure 19E and 19F The geometric blur circles are shown in the simulation of on-axis and off-axis optical performance (5° viewing angle) at a working wavelength of 610 nm. Figure 19C and 19D As can be seen from this, just like the single-light test case ( Figure 10B and 10CSimilarly, for monochromatic light at a wavelength of 555 nm, the geometric blur is comparable to that of the Airy disk, indicating that the Airy disk contains an in-focused light well and therefore promises good visual performance. However, for the 610 nm operating wavelength test case, unlike the single-vision lens test case, the application of combining the ROE array with a single-vision lens produces two different types of blur (see...). Figure 19E and 19F While most blurring remains farsighted, there are areas on the retina (white pockets 11 and 12) where incident light either falls in focus or in front of the retina. This situation generates conflicting optical signals with the L-cones of the retina, some of which detect farsighted defocus, while others in the same retinal area experience a focused or near image. This example illustrates that when this correction of providing conflicting signals to the retina is in place, the eye system selectively prefers either the focused image or the image in front of the retina. This, in turn, slows down the rate of eye development and / or the progression of myopia. This example illustrates that when this correction of providing a spatially varying focusing pattern at the retina is in place, the eye system selectively prefers either the focused image or the image in front of the retina.

[0302] exist Figure 19A and 19B The simulated ROE array described and discussed consists of two layers: a base layer and the front surface of the spectacle lens itself. The actual ROE is designed on the front surface of the spectacle lens by varying the sagittal depth to create undulations on the lens. In this embodiment, the radius of curvature of each ROE is kept at 40 mm; however, other variations are contemplated in this disclosure. In this example, all ROEs are essentially circular, and their diameters are each chosen to be 100 μm; however, other variations are contemplated in this disclosure. The total number of microlenses designed on a 5 mm pupil is a 21 × 21 grid array, with a microlens pupil fill ratio of approximately 14%; however, other variations are contemplated in this disclosure. In this embodiment, the spacing between any two microlenses is approximately 138 μm; however, other variations are contemplated in this disclosure. To obtain Figure 19A and 19B The refractive power distribution diagram shown uses a substrate material with a refractive index of 1.52, the same Abbe number as the spectacle lens material. However, other variations in refractive index and Abbe number are contemplated in this disclosure. In other embodiments, a refractive power distribution with the same Abbe number can also be obtained by using a DOE instead of a ROE. Figure 19A and 19BA device with similar performance as described in [the text]. In other embodiments, a device designed to transmit conflicting optical signals against the L-cone (or a significant portion of the L-cone) while continuing to correct the M-cone (or a significant portion of the M-cone) of the eye can be achieved by using a combination of ROE and DOE.

[0303] Example 11: ROE array used in conjunction with single-vision spectacle lenses In this embodiment, the ROE array according to the exemplary implementation (see...) Figures 20A-20F The same as seen in Example 10, but in this case the refractive power of each ROE is +2.00 D (i.e., the focal length is 500 mm), providing a greater offset in the region of interest on the retina with respect to longitudinal chromatic aberration compared to Example 10. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains 20 mm. Figure 20B Enlarged to show the combination of the central 1 mm area of ​​the glasses and the ROE array. ROE fill ratio: approximately 14%.

[0304] Example 12: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 5) In this embodiment, the ROE array according to certain exemplary implementations (see...) Figures 21A-21F Same as Example 10, but with a refractive power of +2.00 D for each ROE (i.e., a focal length of 500 mm). The radius of curvature of each ROE remains at 20 mm. The total number of ROEs designed on a 5 mm pupil is a 41 x 41 grid array. The spacing between any two ROEs is 22 μm. Figure 21B The combination of 1 mm + ROE is magnified to highlight the center of the eyepiece. Microlens fill ratio: approximately 50%. Due to the larger ROE fill ratio compared to Examples 10 and 11, more areas on the retina experience conflicting optical signals at the level of the L-cone receptors on the retina, i.e., for long-wavelength light of 610 nm. Figure 21E and 21F However, the geometric fuzzy circle at the 555 nm operating wavelength ( Figure 21C and 21D The size of the circle is similar to that of the geometrically blurred circle in Example 10. Figure 19C and 19D And similar to a single-vision lens ( Figure 10B and 10C This indicates similar visual performance.

[0305] In other exemplary embodiments relating to embodiments 10, 11, and 12, one or more of the following may vary: the size of the ROE may be smaller and / or larger within the array / pupil area, and the size of the ROE may vary across the array and / or pupil; the radius of each ROE, a significant portion of the ROE, and / or a portion of the ROE may be smaller and / or larger, and the radius of the ROE may vary across the array and / or pupil; the spacing between the microlenses may be smaller and / or larger, and the spacing of the ROEs may vary across the array and / or pupil area; and the arrangement of the ROEs may differ from the shown “square” grid array arrangement, for example, a hexagonal arrangement. The pupil size may be smaller or larger. In other exemplary embodiments relating to embodiments 10, 11, and 12, the ROE may be replaced by a DOE or a combination of ROE and DOE.

[0306] Example 13: ROE array on a single-vision spectacle lens (described in Example 6) In this embodiment, the ROE array according to certain exemplary implementations (see...) Figures 22A-2 The 2D design is identical to Example 10, but the refractive power of each ROE is +2.00 D. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains 20 mm. A total of 9 x 9 grid arrays of ROEs are designed on a 5 mm pupil, but the center is a horizontal, ROE-free area with a width of 0.5 mm. The spacing between ROEs above and below the ROE-free area is zero. The ROE pupil fill ratio on a 5 mm pupil is approximately 64%, and the ROE pupil fill ratio on a 50 mm spectacle lens blank is approximately 78%.

[0307] Overall, the ROE fill ratio is even larger than in Example 10, resulting in more areas on the retina experiencing conflicting optical signals at the L-cone receptor level for 610 nm long-wavelength light (see Figures 22D and 22E). Conflicting optical signals are provided on the retina in areas corresponding to the ROE-free regions of the spectacle lens system. The larger ROE fill ratio and increased diameter of a single ROE correspond to the size of the blur circle in this embodiment (Figures 22B and 22C), which is larger than the blur circles in Examples 11, 12, and 13 and compared to a single-vision lens, indicating reduced visual performance. In some exemplary embodiments, if the expected reduction in visual performance is unacceptable, one or more of the following parameters can be modified to improve the wearability of the microlens array plus spectacle lens combination: the size of the microlenses, the shape of the microlenses, the spacing between the microlenses, and the refractive power of the microlenses.

[0308] In other embodiments, the size of the clear horizontal line can be smaller and / or larger, the size of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger on the array and / or pupil, and the size of the ROE can vary in size on the array / pupil, and the radius of each ROE, a significant portion of the ROE, and / or a portion of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger, and the radius of the ROE can vary on the array and / or pupil, and the spacing between ROEs can be larger, and the spacing of the ROEs can vary on the array and / or pupil, and the arrangement of the ROEs can differ from the "square" grid array arrangement shown in Embodiment 16, for example, a hexagonal arrangement. The pupil size can be smaller or larger. The direction of the clear (no ROE) line can also be vertical or oblique. In other exemplary embodiments relating to Embodiments 11, 12, and 13, the ROE can be replaced by a DOE or a combination of ROE and DOE.

[0309] Example 14: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 6) In this embodiment, the ROE according to certain exemplary implementations (see...) Figures 23A-23F Same as Example 10, but with a refractive power of +2.00 D for each ROE. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains 20 mm. Furthermore, the ROE array consists of two circular regions (i.e., an inner circle and an outer circle). The inner circle has a diameter of 2 mm and consists of 3 × 3 ROEs in a grid array, with each ROE having a diameter of 0.080 mm. The outer circle has a diameter of 5 mm, with an ROE resolution of 29x29 in the grid array. The outer ROE has a diameter of 0.100 mm, with a spacing of 0.080 mm between the ROE boundaries. Figure 23B The image is magnified to depict the central 2.5 mm area of ​​the eyeglass combined with the ROE array. The ROE pupil fill ratio is approximately 21% on a 5 mm pupil and approximately 25% on a 50 mm lens blank. The ROE fill ratio of the outer circle is greater than that of the inner circle, thus providing more optical signal conflicting with the retina at the periphery. The blurred circle in the embodiment ( Figure 23C and 23D The size of the lens is better than the blur circle in Examples 12 and 13 and comparable to that of a single-vision lens, indicating that the visual performance is acceptable.

[0310] Example 15: ROE array in combination with single vision spectacle lens In this embodiment, the ROE array according to certain exemplary implementations (see...) Figures 24A-24FSame as Example 14, but with a refractive power of +2.00 D for each microlens. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains 20 mm. The ROE array consists of two circular regions (i.e., an inner circle and an outer circle). The inner circle has a diameter of 3 mm and consists of 11 × 11 ROEs in a grid array, where each ROE has a diameter of 0.150 mm and the spacing between ROE boundaries is 0.150 mm. The outer circle has a diameter of 5 mm, where the ROE resolution is 15 x 15 in the grid array. The outer ROE diameter is 0.300 mm, where the spacing between ROE boundaries is 0.02 mm.

[0311] Figure 24B The image is magnified to depict the central 3.5 mm region of the eyeglass combined with the ROE array. The ROE pupil fill ratio is approximately 64% at a 5 mm pupil and approximately 78% at a 50 mm lens blank. The secondary wavelength is set to 590 nm, corresponding to the peak sensitivity of the long-wavelength cone. The ROE fill ratios of the outer and inner circles are greater than the ratio of the circles in Example 14, thus providing more optical signals (24E and 24F) that conflict with the retina at the center and periphery. Compared to the blurred circle in Example 14, the blurred circle in this example ( Figure 24C and 24D The larger the size, the worse the visual performance.

[0312] Example 16: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 6) In this embodiment, the ROE according to certain exemplary implementations (see...) Figures 25A-25F Same as Example 14, but with a refractive power of +2.00 D for each ROE. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains 20 mm. The ROE array consists of two circular regions (i.e., an inner circle and an outer circle). The inner circle has a diameter of 2 mm and consists of 5 × 5 ROEs in a grid array, with each ROE having a diameter of 0.110 mm and a spacing of 0.100 mm between the ROE boundaries. The outer circle has a diameter of 5 mm, with an ROE resolution of 13 x 13 in the grid array. The outer circle ROEs have a diameter of 0.400 mm and a spacing of 0.020 mm between the ROE boundaries. Figure 25BThe image is magnified to show the central 2.5 mm region of the spectacle lens system. The ROE pupil fill ratio is approximately 65% ​​at a 5 mm pupil and approximately 69% at a 50 mm spectacle lens blank. The secondary wavelength is set to 590 nm, corresponding to the peak sensitivity of the long-wavelength cone. The ROE fill ratios of the outer and inner circles are even greater than the ratio of the circle in Example 15, thus providing even more optical signal conflicting with the retina at both the center and periphery. However, compared to the blurred circle in Example 14, the size of the blurred circle in this embodiment ( Figure 25C and 25D ) is larger, and the off-axis fuzzy circle ( Figure 25E and 25F The deviation from the Airy spot indicates even lower visual performance.

[0313] Example 17: Combining ROE array with single-vision spectacle lenses In this embodiment, the ROE array according to certain exemplary implementations (see...) Figures 26A-2 6D) Same as Example 14. The ROE array consists of two circular regions (i.e., an inner circle and an outer circle). The inner circle has a diameter of 3 mm and no ROE. The outer circle has a diameter of 5 mm, where the ROE resolution is 7 x 7 in the grid array. The diameter of the outer circle ROE is 0.400 mm, where the spacing between the ROE boundaries is 0.31 mm. The ROE pupil fill ratio at a 5 mm pupil is approximately 19%, and the ROE fill ratio at a 50 mm spectacle lens blank is approximately 25%. In this embodiment, the overall ROE fill ratio is larger compared to Example 14, thus introducing conflicting optical signals to a larger area on the retina. As can be seen from Figures 26D and 26E, a large number of L-cone receptors on the retina experience myopic astigmatism, while the remainder experience hyperopic astigmatism. Since the ROE is only located in the outer circle, the size of the blurred circle in this embodiment (Figures 26B and 26C) is similar to that in Examples 12 and 13, but with more scattering outside the Allie spot, indicating a slight reduction in visual performance.

[0314] Example 18: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 6) In this embodiment, the ROE array according to certain exemplary implementations (see...) Figures 27A-27F Same as Example 14, but with a refractive power of +2.00 D for each ROE. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains 20 mm. The ROE array consists of two circular regions (i.e., an inner circle and an outer circle). The inner circle has a diameter of 1.5 mm and contains no ROEs. The outer circle has a diameter of 5 mm, with an ROE resolution of 25 x 25 in the grid array. The outer circle ROEs have a diameter of 0.100 mm, with a spacing of 0.100 mm between the ROE boundaries. Figure 27BThe magnification is set to 2 mm at the center of the spectacle lens system. The ROE pupil fill ratio is approximately 18% at a 5 mm pupil and approximately 19% at a 50 mm spectacle lens blank. The secondary wavelength is set to 590 nm, which corresponds to the peak sensitivity of the long-wavelength cone. In this embodiment, the overall microlens fill ratio is lower compared to Embodiment 14, resulting in a smaller area on the retina for focusing on long-wavelength light, thus providing less signal conflicting with the retina. Since the microlens is located only in the outer circle, the blur circle in this embodiment ( Figure 27C and 27D The size of the circle is similar to or smaller than that of the blurred circle in Example 14, which indicates better visual performance.

[0315] In other exemplary embodiments, the dimensions of the two regions (circles) can be smaller and / or larger, and there can be more than two regions. The dimensions of the ROEs can be smaller and / or larger across the array and / or pupil and / or region, and the dimensions of the ROEs can vary in size across the array and / or pupil and / or region. The radii of each ROE, a significant portion of the ROE, and / or a portion of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger, and the radii of the ROEs can vary across the array and / or pupil and / or region. The spacing between the ROEs can be larger, and the spacing of the ROEs can vary across the array and / or pupil and / or region. The arrangement of the ROEs can differ from the illustrated “square” grid array arrangement, for example, a hexagonal arrangement. The pupil size can be smaller or larger. The inner circle can be clear and without ROEs. If there are more than two regions, some regions can be clear, while others may include ROEs. One or more inner regions can be elliptical or similar, with the main axis along a horizontal meridian, a vertical meridian, or an inclined meridian. In other exemplary embodiments relating to Examples 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18, ROE may be replaced by DOE or a combination of ROE and DOE.

[0316] Example 19: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 5) In this embodiment, the ROE array according to certain exemplary implementations (see...) Figures 28A-28F Same as Example 13, but with a refractive power of +2.00 D for each ROE. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains 20 mm. The ROE array consists of two regions: a rectangular region containing no ROEs and an outer circle corresponding to a pupil size of 5 mm. The rectangle has a length of 3 mm and a height of 1 mm. The ROE resolution of the outer circle in the grid array is 25 x 25. The diameter of the outer circle microlens is 0.100 mm, with a spacing of 0.100 mm between the ROE boundaries. Figure 28BThe ROE is magnified to 2 mm. The ROE pupil fill ratio is approximately 18% on a 5 mm pupil and approximately 19% on a 50 mm spectacle lens blank.

[0317] In this embodiment, the overall ROE fill is lower compared to Embodiment 3, resulting in a smaller area on the retina for focusing on long-wavelength light, thus providing less optical signal conflicting with the retina. Figure 28E and 28F Since the microlens is located only in the outer circle, the blurred circle in this embodiment ( Figure 28C and 28D The size of the circle is similar to or smaller than that of the blurred circle in Example 13, which indicates better visual performance.

[0318] Example 20: ROE array in combination with single vision spectacle lens In this embodiment, the ROE array according to certain exemplary implementations (see...) Figures 29A-2 (9D) Same as Example 19, but with a refractive power of +2.00 D for each microlens. The radius of curvature of each ROE remains 20 mm. The ROE array consists of two regions: a rectangular region containing no ROEs and an outer circle corresponding to a 5 mm pupil size. The rectangle has a length of 3.5 mm and a height of 1.5 mm. The ROE resolution of the outer circle is 13 x 13 in the grid array. The diameter of the outer circle ROE is 0.200 mm, with a spacing of 0.180 mm between the ROE boundaries. The ROE pupil fill ratio is approximately 16% at a 5 mm pupil and approximately 22% at a 50 mm spectacle lens blank. The secondary wavelength is set to 590 nm, corresponding to the peak sensitivity of long-wavelength cones. In this embodiment, the overall ROE fill ratio is greater than in Example 19, thus more areas on the retina experience optical signals that conflict with sensitive long wavelengths (Figures 29D and 29E). Since the microlens is located only in the outer circle, the size of the main blur circle in this embodiment (Figures 29B and 29C) is similar to that of the blur circle in Embodiment 19. However, due to the larger fill ratio of the microlens, there is more scattering on the periphery, which indicates a decrease in visual performance, especially off-axis.

[0319] Example 21: ROE array on single vision spectacle lens (described in Example 5) In this embodiment, the ROE array according to certain exemplary implementations (see...) Figures 30A-30FSame as Example 19, but with a refractive power of +0.50D for each ROE. The radius of curvature of each ROE is set to 70 mm. The ROE array consists of two regions: a rectangular region containing no ROEs and an outer circle corresponding to a pupil size of 5 mm. The rectangle has a length of 1.5 mm and a height of 3 mm. The ROE resolution of the outer circle is 25 x 25 in the grid array. The diameter of the outer circle ROEs is 0.100 mm, with a spacing of 0.100 mm between the ROE boundaries. Figure 20B The image is magnified to show the central 2 mm optics of the spectacle lens system. The ROE pupil fill ratio is approximately 17% at a 5 mm pupil and approximately 19% at a 50 mm spectacle lens blank. In this embodiment, the overall ROE fill ratio is lower compared to Embodiment 19, therefore fewer areas on the retina (particularly the L-cone) experience conflicting optical signals. Figure 30E and 30F Since the ROE is only located within the outer circle, the fuzzy circle in this embodiment ( Figure 30B and 30C The size of the circle is similar to or smaller than that of the blurred circle in Example 19, which indicates better visual performance.

[0320] In other exemplary embodiments, the shape of the clear region can be square and / or other suitable shapes. The clear region can have a ROE of a different scale from the outer regions. More than one region of a specific shape can exist on the array and / or pupil, the scale of which can be smaller and / or larger. The size of the ROE can be smaller and / or larger on the array and / or pupil and / or region. The size of the microlens can vary on the array and / or pupil and / or region. The radius of each ROE, a significant portion of an ROE, and / or a portion of an ROE can be smaller and / or larger. The radius of the ROE can vary on the array and / or pupil and / or region. The spacing between ROEs can be smaller and / or larger. The spacing of the ROEs can vary on the array and / or pupil and / or region. The arrangement of the ROEs can differ from the illustrated "square" grid array arrangement, for example, a hexagonal arrangement. The pupil size can be smaller or larger. The orientation of the region (without ROEs or with different ROE array sizes) can also be a tilted direction. In other exemplary embodiments relating to Examples 19, 20, and 21, ROE may be replaced by DOE or a combination of ROE and DOE.

[0321] Example 22: Various other examples of ROE and / or DOE strips included on a thin film Figures 31 to 35The illustration depicts a front view of a device incorporating various types of optical patterns according to certain embodiments. These optical patterns can be used as a cover on or incorporated into spectacle lenses. In some embodiments, these optical patterns may be included as ROE, DOE, or a combination of ROE and DOE.

[0322] Example 23: DOE array for use in conjunction with single vision spectacle lenses In this embodiment, alternative methods for correcting an exemplary -2D myopia model eye are discussed using various DOE and / or ROE devices. Figures 31 to 35 Examples of various exemplary ROE or DOE strips that can be used in conjunction with single-vision spectacle lenses are shown. Figure 37 This is one such variant applied to the front surface of a single-vision (-2D) spectacle lens to correct an exemplary -2D myopic model eye. The example highlights a magnified area of ​​the retina where an incident multi-color parallel beam of light is focused. Focusing planes are presented corresponding to wavelengths of 510 nm (approximately 75% of the peak sensitivity of the M-cone), 555 nm (the center reference wavelength used to correct refractive errors), and 610 nm (approximately 75% of the peak sensitivity of the L-cone receptor). As can be seen from the magnified image, the photoreceptors on the M and L planes experience conflicting optical signals. Unlike this test case, this is considered in the context of a single-vision (-2D) spectacle lens used to correct an exemplary -2D myopic model eye (…). Figure 36 Examples of this approach produce clean optical signals. This situation is referred to as conflicting, opposing, and / or inconsistent optical signals at the level of the M and / or L cone receptors. While not wishing to be bound by a particular theory, the basic assumption of this embodiment (and some implementations) is that conflicting, opposing, or inconsistent optical signals between adjacent L cones can trigger a stop signal, thereby leading to a reduction in the rate of myopia progression.

[0323] Example 24: Exemplary description of lens combinations for introducing time variation In this embodiment, using paired spectacle lenses provides an alternative method for correcting the eyes of an exemplary -2D myopia model. Figure 36 and Figure 37 By alternating these pairs of spectacle lenses over a defined time period, the prescription introduces temporal variation in the longitudinal and / or lateral chromatic aberration experienced at the M and / or L cone receptors, which is beneficial to opposing optical signals at the retinal level that may inhibit / control myopia progression. In other exemplary embodiments, the defined time period may be 1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours.

[0324] Other exemplary implementations are illustrated in the following embodiments.

[0325] Example of Group A: A1. A spectacle lens system for reducing the progression of myopia in a person, comprising: a spectacle lens; and a microlens array comprising a plurality of microlenses.

[0326] A2. The spectacle lens system of embodiment A1, wherein the microlens array is a cover that can be applied to the front surface of the lens blank, the rear surface of the lens blank, or both.

[0327] A3. An eyeglass lens system according to implementation scheme A1 or A2, wherein a microlens array is integrally formed with an eyeglass lens.

[0328] A4. An eyeglass lens system of embodiment A1 or A3, wherein the microlens array is located at least substantially on the front surface, the rear surface, or both of the eyeglass lens.

[0329] A5. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A4, wherein the microlens array is at least substantially located inside the spectacle lens.

[0330] A6. An eyeglass lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A5, wherein the microlens array is at least 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50% of the surface area of ​​the eyeglass lens.

[0331] A7. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A6, wherein the microlens array region is at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of the surface area of ​​the spectacle lens.

[0332] A8. An eyeglass lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A7, wherein the microlens array is capable of providing defocus for the wearer at a viewing angle of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of the field of view available to the wearer.

[0333] A9. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A8, wherein the spectacle lens system comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0334] A10. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A9, wherein the refractive index of the material of at least one of the plurality of microlenses used to form the spectacle lens is different from the refractive index of the material used to form the spectacle lens.

[0335] A11. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A10, wherein at least 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90% of the material used to form the plurality of microlenses has a refractive index different from the refractive index of the material used to form the spectacle lens.

[0336] A12. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A11, wherein the microlenses among the plurality of microlenses have 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 different diameters.

[0337] A13. An eyeglass lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A12, wherein the microlenses among the plurality of microlenses have 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 different focal lengths.

[0338] A14. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A13, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of modifying incident light through spectacle lenses and using color cues to slow the rate of myopia progression.

[0339] A15. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A14, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a significant portion of the field of view of the spectacle lens system for progressive eye disease.

[0340] A16. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A15, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for at least 95% of the total field of view of the spectacle lens system for progressive eye.

[0341] A17. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A16, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for a significant portion of the field of view of the region containing the microlens array of the spectacle lens system for progressive eye conditions.

[0342] A18. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A17, wherein the spectacle lens system is capable of providing a stop signal for progressive eye for at least 95% of the total field of view of the region of the spectacle lens system containing the microlens array.

[0343] A19. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A18, wherein the spectacle lens system is aesthetically indistinguishable from or virtually indistinguishable from commercial single-vision spectacle lenses.

[0344] A20. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A19, wherein the spectacle lens system, when used normally on the wearer's face and viewed by another person, is aesthetically substantially indistinguishable from or indistinguishable from commercial single-vision spectacle lenses.

[0345] A21. A spectacle lens system of one or more of embodiments A1 to A20, wherein the spectacle lens system provides the wearer with visual performance that is substantially indistinguishable from or indistinguishable from commercial single-vision spectacle lenses.

[0346] A22. One or more of the eyeglass lens systems of embodiments A1 to A21, wherein the eyeglass lens system, when used normally on the wearer's face, is capable of providing the wearer with visual performance that is substantially indistinguishable from or indistinguishable from commercial single-vision eyeglass lenses.

[0347] A23. A method for reducing the progression of myopia in a person, comprising: providing at least one spectacle lens system as described in one or more of embodiments A1 to A22.

[0348] A24. A spectacle lens system for correcting refractive errors and controlling eye development, comprising: a spectacle lens having a refractive power selectively used to correct refractive errors of the eye; a microlens array comprising a plurality of microlenses of a predetermined shape and size arranged in a predetermined pattern, wherein a substantial portion of said microlenses is substantially transparent and includes a contoured surface configured to focus light; wherein said microlens array substantially alters the optical path when positioned relative to said spectacle lens to provide a directional signal for controlling eye development.

[0349] Group "B" examples: B1. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye; and at least one microlens array including at least one microlens; wherein the at least one microlens array introduces conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0350] B2. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; at least one microlens array comprising at least one microlens; wherein the at least one microlens array introduces conflicting optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0351] B3. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; at least one microlens array comprising at least one microlens; wherein the at least one microlens array introduces conflicting optical signals at wavelengths within 75% or higher of the sensitivity of one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0352] B4. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; at least one microlens array comprising at least one microlens; wherein the at least one microlens array introduces conflicting optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more M-cone receptors in the retina of the eye.

[0353] B5. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye; at least one microlens array comprising at least one microlens; wherein the at least one microlens array introduces conflicting optical signals at wavelengths within 75% or higher of the sensitivity of one or more M cone receptors in the retina of the eye.

[0354] B6. One or more ophthalmic lenses of embodiments B1 to B5, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a microlens size of 450,000 μm. 2 Or even smaller areas.

[0355] B7. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B6, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0356] B8. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B7, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0357] B9. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B8, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0358] B10. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B8, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0359] B11. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B9, wherein the microlens array consists of microlenses having a center-to-center distance of less than 1 mm.

[0360] B12. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B11, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a focal length greater than 1000 mm.

[0361] B13. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B12, wherein the microlens array is located on the front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0362] B14. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B12, wherein the microlens array is located on the rear surface of the spectacle lens.

[0363] B15. An ophthalmic lens of embodiment B1, wherein the microlens array is embedded in the matrix of a base spectacle lens.

[0364] B16. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples B1 to B15, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0365] B17. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples B1 to B16, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0366] B18. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B17, wherein at least one DOE array further includes at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones of the retina of the wearer's eye. B19. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B18, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0367] B20. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B19, wherein the at least one refractive optical element (ROE) is at least one ROE array.

[0368] B21. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B20, wherein the at least one refractive optical element array is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

[0369] B22. A method for reducing myopia progression by using ophthalmic lenses of embodiments B1 to B22.

[0370] B23. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples B1 to B22, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0371] B24. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B23, wherein the at least one microlens has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0372] B25. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B24, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.44 mm. 2 The area.

[0373] B26. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples B1 to B25, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0374] B27. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B26, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0375] B28. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B26, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0376] B29. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments B1 to B26, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in the peripheral region of the lens.

[0377] Group "C" examples: C1. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element array comprising at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element array is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0378] C2. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct refractive errors in the wearer's eye at a light wavelength of approximately 555 nm; and the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones of the retina of the eye.

[0379] C3. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer with myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0380] C4. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer with myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at wavelengths within 75% or higher of the sensitivity of one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0381] C5. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer with myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0382] C6. An ophthalmic lens for slowing the development of myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0383] C7. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer with myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce opposing optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0384] C8. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer with myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce opposing optical signals at wavelengths within 75% or higher of the sensitivity of one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0385] C9. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer with myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce opposing optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0386] C10. An ophthalmic lens for slowing the development of myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce opposing optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0387] C11. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer with myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more M-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0388] C12. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer's eye, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce a contrasting optical signal at a wavelength corresponding to 75% of the peak sensitivity of one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0389] C13. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer with myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one diffractive optical element is configured to introduce opposing optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more M-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0390] C14. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye between peak sensitivities of one or more M-con receptors and one or more L-con receptors in the retina of the eye; and at least one DOE is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-con receptors in the retina of the eye.

[0391] C15. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power, the base lens being configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye between the peak sensitivities of one or more M-cones and one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye; and at least one diffractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0392] C16. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power, the base lens being configured to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye at a light wavelength of approximately 555 nm; and at least one diffractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones of the retina of the eye.

[0393] C17. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C16, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a diffraction optical element of 450,000 μm. 2 Or even smaller areas.

[0394] C18. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C17, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0395] C19. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C18, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0396] C20. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C19, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0397] C21. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C20, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0398] C22. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C21, wherein the diffractive optical element array consists of diffractive optical elements having a center-to-center distance of less than 1 mm.

[0399] C23. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C22, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element of the at least one diffractive optical element array has a focal length greater than 1000 mm.

[0400] C24. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C23, wherein the array of diffractive optical elements is located on the front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0401] C25. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C24, wherein the array of diffractive optical elements is located on the rear surface of the spectacle lens.

[0402] C26. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C16, wherein the array of diffractive optical elements is embedded in the matrix of a base spectacle lens.

[0403] C27. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein at least one diffractive optical element is applied to the front surface of the base lens, the rear surface of the base lens, or both.

[0404] C28. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein at least one diffractive optical element is at least partially formed in the matrix of the base lens.

[0405] C29. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein at least one diffractive optical element is formed in the matrix of the base lens.

[0406] C30. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein at least one diffractive optical element is at least one array of diffractive optical elements.

[0407] C31. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element array is located at least substantially on one or more of the following: the front surface of the base lens, the rear surface of the base lens, and both.

[0408] C32. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element array is at least 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50% of the surface area of ​​the base lens.

[0409] C33. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element array is configured to form one or more diffractive optical element array regions.

[0410] C34. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C26, wherein the area of ​​the one or more diffractive optical element arrays is at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of the surface area of ​​the base lens.

[0411] C35. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C34, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0412] C36. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C35, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0413] C37. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C36, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element array further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0414] C38. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C37, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0415] C39. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C38, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is at least one array of refractive optical elements.

[0416] C40. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C39, wherein the at least one refractive optical element array is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

[0417] C41. A method for reducing myopia progression by using ophthalmic lenses of embodiments C1 to C48.

[0418] C42. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C48, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0419] C43. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C42, wherein the at least one microlens has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0420] C44. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C43, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.44 mm.2 The area.

[0421] C45. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C44, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0422] C46. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C45, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0423] C47. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C46, ​​wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0424] C48. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments C1 to C47, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in the peripheral region of the lens.

[0425] Group "D" examples: Dl. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a focal power for at least partially correcting refractive errors of the eye; and at least one array of refractive optical elements, comprising at least one refractive optical element; wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm when worn by a myopic wearer.

[0426] D2. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer's eye, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one refractive optical element; wherein the at least one refractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals at a wavelength corresponding to the peak sensitivity of one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0427] D3. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer's eye, comprising: a base lens having a power and at least one refractive optical element; wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye at a light wavelength of approximately 555 nm; and the at least one refractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones of the retina of the eye.

[0428] D4. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer's eye, comprising: a base lens having a power and at least one refractive optical element; wherein the base lens is configured to at least partially correct a refractive error in the wearer's eye between peak sensitivities of one or more M-con receptors and one or more L-con receptors in the retina of the eye; and the at least one refractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-con receptors in the retina of the eye.

[0429] D5. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer's eye, comprising: a base lens having a power, the base lens being configured to at least partially correct a refractive error of the eye between the peak sensitivities of one or more M-cones and one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye; and at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0430] D6. An ophthalmic lens for a wearer's eye, comprising: a base lens having a power, the base lens being configured to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye at a light wavelength of approximately 555 nm; and at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones in the retina of the eye.

[0431] D7. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D6, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one refractive optical element array has a refractive optical element of 450,000 μm. 2 Or even smaller areas.

[0432] D8. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D7, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one refractive optical element array has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0433] D9. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D8, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one refractive optical element array has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0434] D10. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D9, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one refractive optical element array has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0435] D11. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D10, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one refractive optical element array has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0436] D12. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D11, wherein the array of refractive optical elements consists of refractive optical elements having a center-to-center distance of less than 1 mm.

[0437] D13. Ophthalmic lenses of embodiments D1 to D12, wherein the at least one refractive optical element of the at least one refractive optical element array has a focal length greater than 1000 mm.

[0438] D14. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D13, wherein the array of refractive optical elements is located on the front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0439] D15. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D14, wherein the array of refractive optical elements is located on the rear surface of the spectacle lens.

[0440] D16. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D15, wherein the array of refractive optical elements is embedded in the matrix of a base spectacle lens.

[0441] D17. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D16, wherein the ophthalmic lens is used to reduce the rate of myopia progression in the wearer's eyes.

[0442] D18. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D17, wherein the base lens is configured to substantially correct refractive errors in the wearer's eye.

[0443] D19. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D18, wherein the base lens is configured to substantially correct refractive errors in the wearer's eye.

[0444] D20. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D19, wherein the base lens is configured to correct refractive errors in the wearer's eye.

[0445] D21. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D20, wherein the one or more L-cones are one or more of the following: a portion of an L-cone and a substantial portion of an L-cone.

[0446] D22. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D21, wherein the one or more L cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the L cone receptors.

[0447] D23. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D22, wherein the one or more M cone receptors are one or more of the following: a portion of M cone receptors and a considerable portion of M cone receptors.

[0448] D24. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D23, wherein the one or more M cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of the M cone receptors.

[0449] D25. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D24, wherein at least one refractive optical element is applied to the front surface of the base lens, the rear surface of the base lens, or both.

[0450] D26. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D25, wherein at least one refractive optical element is at least partially formed in the matrix of the base lens.

[0451] D27. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D26, wherein at least one refractive optical element is formed in the matrix of the base lens.

[0452] D28. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D27, wherein at least one refractive optical element is an array of refractive optical elements.

[0453] D29. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D28, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is located at least substantially on one or more of the following: the front surface of the base lens, the rear surface of the base lens, and both.

[0454] D30. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D29, wherein the at least one array of refractive optical elements is at least 5%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40% or 50% of the surface area of ​​the base lens.

[0455] D31. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D30, wherein the at least one refractive optical element array is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

[0456] D32. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D31, wherein the area of ​​the one or more refractive optical element arrays is at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% of the surface area of ​​the base lens.

[0457] D33. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D11 to D32, wherein the ophthalmic lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0458] D34. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D33, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0459] D35. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D34, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0460] D36. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D35, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0461] D37. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D36, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element array further includes at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones of the wearer’s eye’s retina.

[0462] D38. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D37, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0463] D39. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D38, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is at least one array of refractive optical elements.

[0464] D40. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D39, wherein the at least one refractive optical element array is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

[0465] D41. A method for reducing myopia progression by using ophthalmic lenses of embodiments D1 to D48.

[0466] D42. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D48, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0467] D43. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D42, wherein the at least one microlens has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0468] D44. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D43, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.44 mm. 2 The area.

[0469] D45. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D44, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0470] D46. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D45, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0471] D47. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D46, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0472] D48. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments D1 to D47, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in the peripheral region of the lens.

[0473] Example of Group E: E1. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye; and at least one array comprising at least one refractive optical element and at least one diffractive optical element; wherein the at least one array introduces conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0474] E2. An ophthalmic lens of Example E1, wherein at least one of at least one refractive optical element and at least one diffractive optical element has a diameter of 450,000 μm. 2 Or even smaller areas.

[0475] E3. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples E1 to E2, wherein at least one of at least one refractive optical element and at least one diffractive optical element has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0476] E4. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples E1 to E3, wherein at least one of at least one refractive optical element and at least one diffractive optical element has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0477] E5. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples E1 to E4, wherein at least one of at least a refractive optical element and at least one diffractive optical element has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0478] E6. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E5, wherein at least one of at least one refractive optical element and at least one diffractive optical element has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0479] E7. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples E1 to E6, wherein the microlens array consists of microlenses having a center-to-center distance of less than 1 mm.

[0480] E8. Ophthalmic lenses of Examples E1 to E7, wherein at least one of at least one refractive optical element and at least one diffractive optical element has a focal length greater than 1000 mm.

[0481] E9. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E8, wherein the microlens array is located on the front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0482] E10. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E9, wherein the microlens array is located on the rear surface of the spectacle lens.

[0483] E11. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E10, wherein the microlens array is embedded in the matrix of a base spectacle lens.

[0484] E12. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples E1 to E1, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0485] E13. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples E1 to E12, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0486] E14. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E13, wherein the at least one diffractive optical element array further includes at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0487] E15. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E14, wherein the ophthalmic lens further comprises at least one refractive optical element configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into one or more L-cones of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0488] E16. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E15, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is at least one array of refractive optical elements.

[0489] E17. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E16, wherein the at least one refractive optical element array is configured to form one or more refractive optical element array regions.

[0490] E18. A method for reducing myopia progression by using ophthalmic lenses of embodiments E1 to E25.

[0491] E19. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples E1 to E25, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0492] E20. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E25, wherein the at least one microlens has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0493] E21. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E20, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.44 mm. 2 The area.

[0494] E22. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples E1 to E21, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0495] E23. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E22, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0496] E24. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E23, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0497] E25. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments E1 to E24, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in the peripheral region of the lens.

[0498] Group "F" examples: F1. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a first refractive optical element having a first focal power; a second refractive optical element having a second focal power different from the first focal power; wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to at least partially correct refractive errors of a wearer's eye; and wherein the second refractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals of at least 0.25D between one or more M-cone receptors in the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0499] F2. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a first refractive optical element having a first focal power; a second refractive optical element having a second focal power different from the first focal power; wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to at least partially correct refractive errors in a wearer's eye; and wherein the second refractive optical element is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals of at least 0.25D between one or more L-cone receptors in the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0500] F3. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a first refractive optical element having a first focal power; a second refractive optical element having a second focal power different from the first focal power; wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to at least partially correct myopia; and wherein the second refractive optical element is configured to introduce a conflict optical signal of at least 0.25D at a wavelength between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0501] F4. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F3, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 450,000 μm. 2 Or even smaller areas.

[0502] F5. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples F1 to F4, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0503] F6. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F5, wherein the second refractive optical element has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0504] F7. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F6, wherein the second refractive optical element has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0505] F8. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F7, wherein the second refractive optical element has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0506] F9. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F8, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0507] F10. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F9, wherein the second refractive optical element is part of at least one array, and the at least one array is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals to the one or more L-cones of the retina of the wearer's eye. F11. A method for reducing myopia progression by using ophthalmic lenses of embodiments F1 to F18.

[0508] F12. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F18, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0509] F13. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F12, wherein the second refractive optical element has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0510] F14. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F13, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.44 mm. 2 The area.

[0511] F15. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of Examples F1 to F14, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0512] F16. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F15, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0513] F17. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F16, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0514] F18. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments F1 to F17, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in the peripheral region of the lens.

[0515] Group "G" examples: G1. An ophthalmic lens comprising: a first refractive optical element having a first focal power; a second refractive optical element having a second focal power different from the first focal power; wherein the first refractive optical element is configured to at least partially correct refractive errors in a wearer's eye; and wherein the second refractive optical element is configured to introduce a focusing pattern at the retinal level of the wearer's eye, the focusing pattern being a spectral variant and a spatial variant.

[0516] G2. An ophthalmic lens of embodiment G1, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 450,000 μm. 2 Or even smaller areas.

[0517] G3. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G2, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0518] G4. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G3, wherein the second refractive optical element has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0519] G5. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G4, wherein the second refractive optical element has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0520] G6. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G5, wherein the second refractive optical element has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0521] G7. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G6, wherein the ophthalmic lens is used to reduce the rate of myopia progression in the wearer's eyes.

[0522] G8. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G7, wherein the base lens is configured to substantially correct refractive errors in the wearer's eye.

[0523] G9. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G8, wherein the base lens is configured to substantially correct refractive errors in the wearer's eye.

[0524] G10. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G9, wherein the base lens is configured to correct refractive errors in the wearer's eye.

[0525] G11. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G10, wherein the one or more L-cones are one or more of the following: a portion of an L-cone and a substantial portion of an L-cone.

[0526] G12. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G11, wherein the one or more L cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the L cone receptors.

[0527] G13. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G12, wherein the one or more M cone receptors are one or more of the following: a portion of M cone receptors and a considerable portion of M cone receptors.

[0528] G14. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G13, wherein the one or more M cone receptors are at least 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 95% of the M cone receptors.

[0529] G15. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G8, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0530] G16. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G9, wherein the second refractive optical element is part of at least one array, and the at least one array is configured to introduce conflicting optical signals into the one or more L-cones of the retina of the wearer's eye.

[0531] G17. A method for reducing myopia progression by using ophthalmic lenses of embodiments G1 to G24.

[0532] G18. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G24, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0533] G19. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G18, wherein the second refractive optical element has one or more of the following shapes: circular, non-circular, elliptical, rectangular, hexagonal, and square.

[0534] G20. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G19, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of less than 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, or 0.44 mm. 2 The area.

[0535] G21. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G20, wherein the second refractive optical element has a diameter of less than 400, 500, 600, 700 or 750 μm.

[0536] G22. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G21, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0537] G23. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G22, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0538] G24. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments G1 to G23, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in the peripheral region of the lens.

[0539] Group "H" examples as recited in the parent claims: H1. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct the refractive error of the eye; and at least one microlens array including at least one microlens; wherein the at least one microlens array introduces conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0540] H2. The ophthalmic lens of embodiment H1, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has an area of ​​450,000 μm2 or less.

[0541] H3. An ophthalmic lens of one or more of embodiments H1 to H2, wherein the at least one microlens has an area of ​​less than 0.2 mm2, 0.25 mm2 or 0.3 mm2.

[0542] H4. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H3, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0543] H5. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of Examples H1 to H4, wherein the at least one microlens has a diameter of less than 400 μm, 500 μm or 600 μm.

[0544] H6. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H5, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0545] H7. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H6, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0546] H8. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H7, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0547] H9. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H7, wherein the at least one microlens of the at least one microlens array has a focal length greater than 1000 mm.

[0548] H10. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H9, wherein the microlens array consists of microlenses having a center-to-center distance of less than 1 mm.

[0549] H11. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H10, wherein the microlens array is located on the front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0550] H12. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H10, wherein the microlens array is located on the rear surface of the spectacle lens.

[0551] H13. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H10, wherein the microlens array is embedded in the matrix of a base spectacle lens.

[0552] H14. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of Examples H1 to H13, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0553] H15. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of Examples H1 to H14, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0554] H16. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H15, wherein the at least one microlens has one or more of the following shapes: circular, semi-circular, non-circular, elliptical, triangular, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, and square.

[0555] H17. An ophthalmic lens for myopia, comprising: a base lens having a power to at least partially correct refractive errors of the eye; and at least one refractive optical element; wherein the at least one refractive optical element introduces conflicting optical signals at wavelengths between 510 nm and 610 nm.

[0556] H18. An ophthalmic lens of embodiment H17, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has an area of ​​450,000 μm² or less.

[0557] H19. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of Examples H17 to H18, wherein the area of ​​the at least one refractive optical element is less than 0.2 mm2, 0.25 mm2 or 0.3 mm2.

[0558] H20. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of Examples H17 to H19, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a diameter of 750 μm or less.

[0559] H21. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of Examples H17 to H20, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a diameter of less than 400 μm, 500 μm or 600 μm.

[0560] H22. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of Examples H17 to H21, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0561] H23. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of Examples H17 to H22, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a pupil fill ratio of 20% or less.

[0562] H24. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H17 to H23, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a focal length between 500 mm and 2000 mm.

[0563] H25. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of Examples H17 to H23, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has a focal length greater than 1000 mm.

[0564] H26. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H17 to H25, wherein the at least one refractive optical element is located on the front surface of the spectacle lens.

[0565] H27. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H17 to H25, wherein at least one refractive optical element is located on the rear surface of the spectacle lens.

[0566] H28. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of Examples H17 to H25, wherein at least one refractive optical element is embedded in the matrix of a base spectacle lens.

[0567] H29. An ophthalmic lens as described in one or more of Examples H17 to H28, wherein the ophthalmic lens comprises 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0568] H30. An ophthalmic lens as described in one or more of Examples H17 to H29, wherein the base lens consists of 1, 2, 3 or 4 layers.

[0569] H31. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H17 to H30, wherein the at least one refractive optical element has one or more of the following shapes: circular, semi-circular, non-circular, elliptical, triangular, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, and square.

[0570] H32. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H31, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0571] H33. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H31, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in at least a substantial portion of the peripheral region of the lens.

[0572] H34. An ophthalmic lens according to one or more of embodiments H1 to H31, wherein the lens is configured to provide defocus in the peripheral region of the lens.

[0573] H35. An ophthalmic lens as described in one or more of Examples H1 to H34, wherein the ophthalmic lens is a spectacle lens.

[0574] While certain embodiments have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided only by way of example. The following claims are intended to define the scope of the invention and thereby cover the methods and structures within the scope of these claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A spectacle lens system for myopia, the spectacle lens system comprising: Spectacular lenses with the refractive power to correct refractive errors of the eye at a first wavelength; And a plurality of concentric annular refractive optical element strips or diffractive optical element strips located on, inside or integral with the eyeglass lens, the strips introducing conflicting optical signals at a second wavelength different from the first wavelength.

2. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the second wavelength is 565 nm.

3. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the second wavelength is 610 nm.

4. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the second wavelength is 535 nm.

5. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the second wavelength is 510 nm.

6. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the second wavelength is a wavelength of 565 nm to 610 nm.

7. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the second wavelength is a wavelength of 510 nm to 535 nm.

8. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the refractive optical element strip or the diffractive optical element strip has a positive refractive power relative to the first refractive power.

9. The spectacle lens system of claim 1, wherein the central portion of the spectacle lens system does not contain a plurality of microlenses.

10. The spectacle lens system of claim 9, wherein the diameter of the central portion ranges from 5 mm to... 12mm.

11. The spectacle lens system of claim 9, wherein the diameter of the central portion ranges from 3 mm to... 10mm.

12. The spectacle lens system of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first wavelength is a wavelength of 540 nm to 560 nm.

13. The spectacle lens system of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the first wavelength is 555 nm.

14. The spectacle lens system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the spectacle lens is a lens blank.

15. The spectacle lens system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the spectacle lens is a finished spectacle lens.

16. The spectacle lens according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the refractive optical element strip or diffractive optical element strip is a refractive optical element strip.

17. The spectacle lens of claim 16, wherein the refractive optical element strip is molded as part of the spectacle lens.

18. The spectacle lens according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the refractive optical element strip or the diffractive optical element strip is a diffractive optical element strip.

19. The spectacle lens of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the fill ratio of the refractive optical element strip or the diffractive optical element strip is 30% to 50%, wherein the fill ratio is the percentage of the microlens-enclosed area to the total surface area of ​​the base lens.

20. The spectacle lens of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the fill ratio of the refractive optical element strip or the diffractive optical element strip is 40% to 60%, wherein the fill ratio is the percentage of the microlens-enclosed area to the total surface area of ​​the base lens.

21. The spectacle lens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: For incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lenses provide geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur to the retina of the eye and the area where the incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina.

22. The spectacle lens of claim 21, wherein the incident monochromatic light at 555 nm and the incident monochromatic light at 610 nm are coaxial.

23. The spectacle lens as claimed in claim 22, wherein: For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lens provides a geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur to the retina of the eye and the area where the incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina.

24. The spectacle lens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: For incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lenses provide geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur for the retina, the area where the 610 nm incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina, and the area in front of the retina.

25. The spectacle lens of claim 24, wherein the incident monochromatic light at 555 nm and the incident monochromatic light at 610 nm are coaxial.

26. The spectacle lens as claimed in claim 25, wherein: For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lens provides a geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur to the retina of the eye and the area where the incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina.

27. A spectacle lens, comprising: Basic lenses with refractive power for correcting myopia and refractive errors in the eye; Multiple concentric annular refractive optical element strips or diffractive optical element strips located on, inside, or integrally with the base lens; The fill ratio of the refractive or diffractive optical element strip is 30% to 50% or 40% to 60%, wherein the fill ratio is the percentage of the microlens-enclosed area to the total surface area of ​​the base lens.

28. The spectacle lens of claim 27, comprising a central portion free of microlenses or microlens strips.

29. The spectacle lens of claim 28, wherein the diameter of the central portion ranges from 5 mm to 12 mm.

30. The spectacle lens of claim 28, wherein the diameter of the central portion ranges from 3 mm to 10 mm.

31. The spectacle lens of claim 27, wherein the refractive or diffractive optical element stripe introduces conflicting optical signals at the retinal level.

32. The spectacle lens according to any one of claims 27 to 31, wherein the refractive optical element strip or diffractive optical element strip is a refractive optical element strip.

33. The spectacle lens of claim 32, wherein the refractive optical element strip is molded as part of the spectacle lens.

34. The spectacle lens according to any one of claims 27 to 31, wherein the refractive optical element strip or the diffractive optical element strip is a diffractive optical element strip.

35. The spectacle lens as claimed in claim 31, wherein: For incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lenses provide geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur to the retina of the eye and the area where the incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina.

36. The spectacle lens of claim 35, wherein the incident monochromatic light at 555 nm and the incident monochromatic light at 610 nm are coaxial.

37. The spectacle lens as claimed in claim 36, wherein: For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lens provides a geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur to the retina of the eye and the area where the incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina.

38. The spectacle lens as claimed in claim 36, wherein: For incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lenses provide geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur for the retina, the area where the 610 nm incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina, and the area in front of the retina.

39. The spectacle lens of claim 38, wherein the incident monochromatic light at 555 nm and the incident monochromatic light at 610 nm are coaxial.

40. The spectacle lens as claimed in claim 39, wherein: For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lens provides a geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur to the retina of the eye and the area where the incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina.

41. A method comprising providing a stop signal to the eye of a person with progressive myopia using an eyeglass lens, wherein the eyeglass lens is a finished eyeglass lens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the first wavelength is a wavelength of 540 nm to 560 nm.

43. The method of claim 41, wherein the first wavelength is 555 nm.

44. The method of claim 41, wherein the refractive optical element strip or the diffractive optical element strip is a refractive optical element strip.

45. The method of claim 44, wherein the refractive optical element strip is molded as part of the spectacle lens.

46. ​​A method comprising providing a stop signal to the eye of a person with progressive myopia using an eyeglass lens, wherein the eyeglass lens is a finished eyeglass lens as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 31.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the refractive optical element strip or the diffractive optical element strip is a refractive optical element strip.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein the refractive optical element strip is molded as part of the spectacle lens.

49. The method of claim 46, wherein: For incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lenses provide geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur to the retina of the eye and the area where the incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina.

50. The method of claim 49, wherein the incident monochromatic light at 555 nm and the incident monochromatic light at 610 nm are coaxial.

51. The method of claim 46, wherein: For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lens provides a geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur to the retina of the eye and the area where the incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina.

52. The method of claim 46, wherein: For incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lenses provide geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur for the retina, the area where the 610 nm incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina, and the area in front of the retina.

53. The spectacle lens as claimed in claim 52, wherein the incident monochromatic light at 555 nm and the incident monochromatic light at 610 nm are coaxial.

54. The spectacle lens as claimed in claim 53, wherein: For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 555 nm, the spectacle lens provides a geometric blur close to the size of the Airy disk; and For off-axis incident monochromatic light at 610 nm, the spectacle lens provides most of the hyperopic blur to the retina of the eye and the area where the incident monochromatic light is focused on the retina.

Images